jpssrgNMeNT -S + as. speed rennet. (ee s0ig| TAN 2014 - 10) naal yell Sa wd Sea: apes SOD Ta Eat the Iuypoldical optical sense Hevilale ae platted dk that yudtade between 0 Light source and a Mish” [Acdecht. di) ; isk wand deleckt i such A the Light source, disk ft ed ee uci jms fo deleckit, depending zn ashalher a dott in the Mine did. The ight detedsh produces an owlpud voltage swheneer a alk 4 Brocugh +4, uote the Jight pource paws a ’ see wy) The rumborch pulser genoraked porhecond is prropettioal te the number of ahd in the disk sand Bae vehicle speed += NSk ashore 4 frequency in palres por N—> number ot alety th ne send dak S—> vehicle speed k—> propathionality combank tak accounts 2 ‘ilfvertial char wah ond hed oe w The ovtpul pulres ont ine — Fe tated ugh a. parle g wi Metaaleididn elettnenie anit the to re courden cr dots not he pale pom Hem depending on whith Hhe switch de Loved ot chen pending aid The time intowal, + : tinina cathidh dhe Soke lack 2will EEO Light deleck slaning Hove £ hak se gabe b chen Tha numberof pulres P Arak Jn counted by. digital counter iB qiven i i *# P=tNsk That is, Hre number P is -propéttional se velicle speed s. w The elechucal signal in Hie binary counber in tn’ AigiSal fsumot Hhak Ja suitable neading Uy tre ccxuire conbad cotmpuer. : am [ g ae ~ Ve =e — gt [AIA spied Tame b = Fosorn Vi r tour Fig-1: Ogital speed rensdt Apeed. Pec a ea mc! Fig-a: Rigdal speed rest pulses Senst._| J Electronic - Binavey Gate Counter nae Dag Apeed. meadunenrentt eae Fug-3: Digital speed racamaremart syste= ith, the Se eagle the alia. cule combcl fiplene SPSS ele a xelevank di m. (Tune | rut 2018 = a diy_| The vehicle speed sensi in Aid _ When Moe 2 Mad te [dovined speed, 54 he Annes the speed sek suite. Kp tea serage s2ginter. Gi _| The zertuden “corinacusly sends the actvol vehicle speed and gensakes an over en) ok te sample tiwe tn, En= SoS lat time +n, Ww dn= Kpén.+ kr En-m met The symbel = in this equation meanste add athe M prewiausly zaloulaked omer te the present orci. : y mM The sum _awhich is compuded tn Pre ccoutise conbsel comput is then roultipbied by the Jinkegral_ nin Kr and added tothe rath sent ore multiplied Ly'the fropattional gain byte dio the comtna pignal | uy wip quate arse (%) hak iappliel te ‘the (atone Touda— wit) The Hustle chening -incieares st decnearer vas ab At decreases due ts the i le ii) Fe epee st ete ceonbouel nupplem ay lee 24 SL speed set i g F- Broke SA seg L——N| Computer | _Ye_| Throttle ne + A g Digikal vehicle, Drivedral Engit vebicleapeed me “gee Fig - Digital Crurise Cowtrel Syslem at. Explain deur tie preme wosur Aupskern acth selercunt dlagnams. Crec a018 (san aol) - 16m Louw Tine Bremune Warning Sytem i) Aworning systern fet Low dive provune awitks while the cor sath mdtion.A polentially dangers situation. could be evetded the driver could be calovted te the jock Hrat a tire har Jour prveure » ci) Pie ihabe up atvie develeps.a leak Hire dniver could be “uronned in pulbicienb sine te sap He car Lebdre carknel ay becomes dilticulk. A Jew Rive prune warning system aitilizes a tine_mounted prusnuse sud, The promune seridt signals a Leis in the prewwre "Tn Pais Adneme atine proyune sensc. cortinuewsly rweaunes dy ralling Jie Ja coupled by a Jink do tive elecbrvnic signaWw awning signal bs oe oa ee ts indife” ashi dine nadthe Le prewune, : a (| Lewrtise oe. (| prernne } seh \ { Tine ) \__ [signal epee Thanaaion SE faa Fig -\. Low Tie Prewune Warning S. wb Fh eae ts ape ths ke on Lascccemer mounted on dre bed Sevoral “concepts Hhaecddically has She potential te pruvide Hri dink. qi) Fok example Dip wings, which are rimilan te Phe brushed on De moth could be ured. Howeven Hhis_aveuld wequune 2 ap tot macificdion 4a the aheel axle aihembly ond deed not apps B be -an_occeplable chotce ak Hne present tine . wild Another concepk Je caitng his ink is te use a stall pedir drammidtn, raunled on Gre tive by cainy modem Ml dake cleclonic Jedundegy 4 dew povion Fuahsmittan | on-board diagnostics i Sinmtaneowsly prers te enter Aiagnabin a - Acgik displ m | mi SS tt i g ole Ware). Elecknonic Climate Control my fy) cE He GH i al IN Tn SinmManeously proms off and WE te clean Anouble codes supley Fd tpalh eae Uvw 0) -cemnittod fo pexsitaing oe cL caledlatiny. ali Dining the neumal Loperadton of the can, there ore dunkouwi pourds dining which varwows ehecknical, and electric components ore Alested.. dv) Whenever a aut 1s dekecked. the Aoka is skéved in Memdy using .o rpecilic foul code, ak tre ame tine the Ww dimitehion — they cannot dele inlounittert failunss suiolly. Ft te syshem fe detect and usclabe a Joiline the Jailind rust be nen-revowible. ai. In mot on-board Aiagnottion, the elecbronic -conbrel nodule dates double codes that ane cisbomabenlly Picea) lipke mienepraciit off a. Ack number of engine cyl hat accuned withouk pout yu onting.- wid The on-hewd Acagnashic Waid scan. Le achiral’ by causing the uraine wconbnelen te ender 2 Aiagnastic trode. The method bn oo a : wardes rom cor te can. 42 phishing this tank iid Fa example, in coikain len model joel lnjosed cilbae the diegnohic made ia enlored buy Jout putbching um the depcbsita (XD The ave of on - (ene Ddiagaabin canted Lleol bag dining Hypical pnocediivve and using Hie he Cadac Ayplem sad an exannple syshem & “Adthough display of He faubk codes vorcies prom con te can dn tach cose Woe codes mk be neadable ar a rumor Gi. code. fh typical meted involves pashing the" Check Engine lich Wwuwber of tines hak Light "Lashed. tn dtive Aigik quo. Eau example 4 foul code, 4 wewld be given by 2 [ashen Hhen 4+ Lashes. cil) Alle. a shduk tine inkowel He nek code would rinichody be flashed in tine -digik wequence. At one time Cadillac wused Hoe onvuwrment controller to display wa Sis digit code ep) Figure Anew’ a. Arcawsing of Cadillac ennivonmental aystem Aisplaying cote s¢. This particalon code Js ured ty check thal ell Atiplay segments ane uwething cavedy cand in tre hiut qi) Airplay Sham ashen Hoe rode Js enbored. Aden Hrok ot inplary Aegnverts cove swing Hee Louth codes emer failures ane displayed in (xv) sequence beginning att ahd procerding ty Inighest. ee elon nade tee den ales “thot are displayed 0 Land using a nehonence manual deities Hae foiled | Qui) Ayjox alii joule 2vdes have been He ranoer Fo Appeans Sr hy lal acta cad, nde engine cardore eb cauraik, purther adn by the mechanic. Xvi Ta St nal "ight on tthe insane Se wkd ovhenever any fowl cco33. [Explain with necersary Aiagpores gpriric. suikoroaitig “= travigakion mystem Coed 208 | srs aoa - 10M) ST gendnic utr navigation mse Dadwer Trpult eae Capitan | 9] Dinplay Map patabare i Fig Genenic Automatic Nawxgation System L ()_| Evo driver whe das taken va drip Fe an unbarilion pcan andctands De plan on. The Asuiver ebitain maps Iauting id a te naa { 9 sulbicient de&tailr se Locale diy Along tre Asib Hhe driver mut be z identi Lan Lobation in wlationship, Te sable de 7 di There hos been comin Bre souke contiwation: awhich Aon oti oy dy) Ee inise - ota ol iagram the ajer : 4 genoiie fan a) The display ae Tod C vi) Avolly! the. Ane cane shoved. Sindisplaying ape Gus la nagelalog ke Audil tre driver can Lecake Anis at ren pesitiion ae de one Lae: wii) the mop Aatabare Ww be capable of, staung suljcovenk [eat te canst map of van enbire weguin. The Adtalone icon be cithen stared in cb Rom Av con be from Inteuek. wii) The compu partion of, the generic navigation Myshenn -cttouivs pum vow paikinn reridus and veoleulalen we athe vehicle posikion in nelaticnship So tre Map exdidinale (x) "The ‘etweck vehicle petdion might, 4a oxarple, be shown as a flashing buight spe. Waite explanodtus nots on eleckite and Jupesuid velviches. Coc 2018|ThN acid - 1M) Elecknic sand Juprid veWicler An cede vehicle also called an electric drive velile, rer cone st rade clectnic mots traction races fed propulrion. An eledinic vehicle may be pewered. “a. collects oe elec sperm velviche nevces, ot many be as eae ily elk Spc dnp on zonriitional. power uth 2° dedi cediging Hebi 1a proce Hak typically Foles rand dden ies 6 charge — Jnou bik can “be done zvonight ~ [eve is sniffzicionk 4 ndumal’ aworyday” wrage:dw W) Lueaklown find cost. Li-ton battens should be Tused within wir | Trdtead of necharging eva trom eclectic scckek, battories could be i Sephaced ok Apectal stations ina couple of rides, Hvis ja called as ‘ Wii) Patton numpping 1s auchal in cate ch tbl ait fo axe wed.as sep bakteouies. Will) Lneneasing the battow's Jileaon decmeares a One i ste cpouale a auld of the tata Gx) There Js_a growing [= )Meamnemert’ [7 : pense ce Htiming nberforence a a Filllering See _| Antenfal ; Scan lee i i Soh ot etait Te a an cee Mircern. k | : ial Local | cg ; Orcibbater L Receive Ardenna Figa: Blak Diaghar ot Collision Aveiderce Warning System Gib | “The sfletion teem an cect soll have a pulod shape uhich is vou identical to Yrak cf Boe Lyatveadtted pe _ aii) A_collision Jowordance um compas the time 4s necded fi a signal te be seblected the pound. can | By areppoing there finer with velude apecd dite, thecompuber_ can calarlate a "tive dor value Aound van alorun iy hacen. ae a . Fay Explain the automatic Anisring corti Auyphem vith sebevedt dis _C Tune [rury aoig - 13m) L Automatic Aig sarki Aypshern @ Another intovestu decane. as the vehicle guidenny ie east pe an dds Lenin aap pind Guidewals Ehectxanic| | Steering | 6 steor! ‘Serrduss? Conds Ackuoddr ae Postion Thattle Aenier Latta Radar St conkndllon wake Pichiratot Fig ~ hue 2 Control syskem di Se gts pf od is auctontically cembuolhed te ndirtain a ee Uy csualve speed ash a w) eenilivall inko.—can pacing’ Eb) [t Sesing coi a ia. a. signal jt nodialed from wire Lao condor of the suraduray , Distances bebiveen cor sed spd aed ith ted made by son on Lead radar system@ wi wid EE ae neil alg An_an-board suadan rears. This sense ts Located. in prot af the vlnide and dived a _nawvow radar bear fovuraed (HD) The xadar sense syshem scatns 2. meamuververd- of the wange Sea. scan in eon of the en cor as well os the wo change of thal sange. The Aensdt can alse measure leat ead ple hp se aad al neblecked Jom the dw “The cavkscl aystein isa nouabbisbe ~inpart [revattiple —oudpul: ie 2 hak gerrale cantnel signals jgta Droritle 22 aking adtivalr. (x) Gi) (eal) pede Panic aig braking inl sie sequined in erckreme carer7] at 2 Bo a Explain accdoromelon -bared airbag (Tone [suLy acie-1om) Acceloromedens-Lared | ta xecat years Bro tan bent a doond de ieplemat dectnonic aioag wyphins.In wich coplens the dale the accdendtion —rensitine switch is laccelorometer along swith dite aged! pina Boo election and elednanic dniven circuit’ ty five tre Lquib. a) I< t Sigeal Theshold] [Driven | Aquile Xe — ey Accedloromeler based Lerometous ated abbey Jupp Sat bs ackane Hild witthon sul and swa decribed ci wv) Faceslameker Lecatins iden Bhan Ip. Howard, daing o-cllinin ak bilby nigh speed. thesigtal dnerenis Sap WW) Te enhance the collision eee | be be employed such de ndimal Anivng gel nwininixe time egaig ml el ses peg Se aapod Tei macesed., the deceleration signal is ‘top Daan Baa Hhsheld Hye diver civevik semainn deadtinley aiid Wii tthe Aquib-and inflate the eee cpa exath inte hareuien ak cv saabia specie did Depending on the system design, his speed can be boliveen ¢ Sind tz mph This seange is chevtn by manuladtuner I eptimixe Hoe pacteciin offered 1 the can Oo oo Thee will continue te be new di in ainbog echncloyy, un sider to improve perbstmance. icabing tua pe atk ge nechet pn set ae + a v depending om the -ovash -conkiqguration ah Fa Seample there Js ane Slam oldies fora. crash sinks 1a _nigud barrier and ancther Ly.a ovash betiveen a Deel dees @iiy Byidly explain Radis and Signpotk nowigdlian .Crgr- 0" 0 Radio IN owactin oS eH ia A Radic’ bared navi nowig ation ster eiktren Land Bt —_— padellite bared ee autkendtive sveceweu 4s —= \ o The land bared drnonsmitterr one suimanily indended Lainenakt ct. Alip nasigattin and have meuhdl lined fet coverage — Ones it) The ry AakMike system Hrakir “i alte is the glided Poikinit salle Cg) —_| sits seehties So ok | : oe Tam oe Lh i es [7 aS i ania a T ae Receiver 4 Cornpucker Di al splay J Map Database Fig - Aatbomabic ers Nawigahin S: The Gps hen July Signpok Noowigatiin 7 Stan Post es cc Beronsmdtter | Ce i Da : Ted pact = | Augmented | Map 7 i Rekabare | | Database — Fig — Signpok Neawig chim Si — w_ | h “signpas nawgaliol, a ae cf, dinfsurnction ss axe Lovaled Bre noad reebuack, dp Git) The en-bewd naar eeJ] a coordinader , which axe di : Me Bowe tsa block diagram of af typical signpask San aaywtem, Thik systems JUEGILIILCA san Es t5 como Hre Foanannttted daka £2 map-coddinckes This system Jnas the copabilidy to provide 4 iMon $6 van a) stivability te Adtoumine pesitiorhh bébwcen signpests easel dif te xhow ua tutn witil the nek segipetl ia seach 2 the need of “ aah every insbourection and a) the sequi = Midaleen et coder. w Thus, in spite of the jw acoumacy el this mystem , iE dinhenently sequen "a. duuge dowestinent in inprasbouctiune. Whak are the can prdtacol Layou! Wheat ware the how diktervert prames? Waike the méwage Asuvak. Crune[guey 1-10) CAN Pratecot Layo A pplication i, oO Jesper Frsanpadl Leen ey The cant protect layers ane ; : (ee pad Rete structs ie wred byThe : zn the can bua iu bared on i - Data, demote Jame, wot and overload, : Deka The tranrmmibted corkains dake, (aq, cnrek y Brak is provided by the snoitsadhi on (data rowree),