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    10 views31 pages

    A2 Ae

    Uploaded by

    Aamish Priyam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    ApssrgNMent -a Explain Hae ausiking ot Ja. uch injectn and pulse mede Aracl Lowksiot Algnal att ath nelevant Avagnams “aid seewedgino. rune |aucy 8018 - 10m) FUEL INTEctoR @ A_fuek injecksh isa aclenoid operated valve . The valve opens Lot doves to pouil 2 Wok fuel [low te tre engine. The valve ib altached to the movable element of tne selenoid and is suited by the selencid adivetion. dip Ta a fucl injec wits ne cuvrent Hlevring the Adenoid movable element is Ineld down tne "Bhap covering Hhe opokure 2 noxxte. uel js Hereby eset on fling fpam the pronunixed Sutt chamber ints Dre apodune. hg soe pon Heep He adel lhe movable element is switched supuand, Hie opotiine is expded, dv) The diet ak eee naxsle i conank Ga : gin ud promune and nozzle qpiartiy cf the Jue injecked “ints th ai oa 42 the Tithe schen the value is Ww The_conk. current tak poole the hush i pulsed on and off: te deliver precise quantities ef hud Fuel INvector ST@NAL Comiden am idealized Juel was sown. in figure -a., sin ahich the injecker ip pelt aptel wig ond is loved when He ap the applied voltage ik In this idealization he te ee aig te Can : Lyon Cie: aes tire + be the tis 0 Aho jy Mre air Aisvean gaurd t th, cped fi Ane sormoinder sl the is 2 bl watis davain i Mad the am the Jayne - b. se zzhe_A The dil) dive ds de- - wan Shawn in ha | de aed we on | slattc Clean mixture, vond vo dni ea. Mis dine jeg iors a dow -cuin| bud hati” | Cds micctinre). I Kt =| on 3 y, Foet| Fuel z on | oFF = 33'l OFF ; ' 2 3 +s 6 UNITS oF TIME Fg abode igh Ie a Daikiy xycle zt ft - = = a2 v Foe |Fuec 2 on lore . ore = 66 t+ {2.3 4 S 6 UNITS oF Time Fig-2' Duily cycle te Low Ale Fug -b: Pubre naode fuck conbud signal to uel inyecb™ Explain the awdku sensat preg Hvok i ‘ ep ty What ane the seven modes ot uel zovnol 2 Explain hem in detbail.. (Dec 2012 |oRN 3019 - Jom) [ ModES OF FUEL CONTROL, ive 5 : cand. distinc’ between Avere. that dibjovent: as The reruds drab meamves verre’ contro sane os : MAF Mom avr Aenrde CT Ene erahinve sob HEGo Headed exhaust Pos{[ RPM, C: TPs, PS FO Feet a zal engine there one sin dieuenk engine sporating seats aljeck Juel covdsd as bellows: . g crank Mode. then gin. Ky Key avilched em Jew AIF nctie Gusts bac) te present Sal xing cool sweater wwii pulp sist aline dowd nainimumn vale stotdhlomcbuy Engine warm-up Mode et SANT Once the iden the eng Reo suies shove cranking sake the cowknd engine started mode. Ty eset Wien the coolant dempouabine HMA and Bren monies Ego oukpu. - Chered.- Loop control Made When the Aenser Shas indicoked such watleas once and aber at wos. been un cpenrloop mode er a Apecibic Sire otk wernaind BAL vaccdidence in btockecknowics coma. Lb Aenddt Lleol it will go back to open hoop contd. fecelerdtin enrichment Rich abr [fuel mirdune fr engine ia supplied dwwhg Ieary desde He manivice gine Hague ated neglect fi econenwy ernie: pecelendiion Leaning 2 a a goals “ccabing’ 2 shad. eceleration, Hoe engine epovales Bra wouy Jaan ain] push nas fe neduce otesis erivioy He and Co. Zale npead conn —— i goasenk engine tall ds dle tnd vatlourthe engine ta sdhe ab os low RPM an Tice ; an aven ing accemssrics® tun on. in with o neal dic Jrour dye Aecondary ain is . Coec ois [smn so19 - 10M) SECONDARY ALR MANAGEMENT 7 oy Controle} Fuel “wo Sccatdany an anager a aed te impr Tae perdimance ct dre cahalgtic cowanten by -prviduig ediva sagen 2h a fe ete cone ich be eth a ae Zevpordtune nwt be above g00%e te efhicierttly oxidize He and co and reduce Nox. ii Daweing engine avarm sip awhen te cakalyhic cowwoder is ed, He and id co is owdited in the exroukt wanibeld by dv routing secondary ain ts tre manifeld.. Thistoneaters exkno eat to speed warm Hhe comerter and €60 Aewsdt enabling the fuel controller ge te Boe doted Loop mode mare Ww) —psickli. =— The coworker can be damaged if Soe rwudh neck jn de 3k. This con avout Uf Lasige ameurbs Hc and co One ouudixed un the manifold dwwing periods of Ineavy Loads aahich call: fin fuel, ervdchenent dt Alvuig severe Aeceborotion | In auch cones Hise secendany is ds Wineched. do the ain _| cleaner where it har ho epieck on exhaust Arter www up, tre main awe} secondary ait uu te UD sastde ant gen aide cleclshod in toe sbcend chant a the He aio silly duck chamber conlor nplen. "In He dual ber cowenten, the Lud chamber cotkains sheds, palladium ond. pldtiwrn te neduce NOx wud te oxidize He and co. The second -chamben contains owly platiwon ond polled. deeds odoa ory gen prom the wecond fru wave asenken's ala fs oxidize pede ap Ti coop puapian fete cecal a . et ; oases 4 : beepers vain plow ke the ain, closer a tefl ai) qi) Expliuin an detail system diagnosis. (y€c 2018 [se 8019- 10m) : @ a 1. — __|System Dragnosrs @ | Another impattant: os ween ee tate cconbncA system ja then akilidy ts Acogonine foilines J ata and alot the A dp] Senssand A Aaihuses 2 rwaiadjustrnerts can be ete he od diy FAL instance ali Ldabeckoslwl a MAP pensd if the sends ovdpuk will go = ¥ 4 wcotkain wpecibied Jimi ov Jods te he L periods of, tive. ui change fn Long _— dy w) A puiwe ctanmple Ja tre cukswdhie adyustiment spl ZX} Ane aspen Zale aovely fose pie engine nl computer way dedebnine that ne A o “tf Aoiled, Wi) “Tp the compuler deed the Loach a - Sisal t Denrdrs di ractuaksis tk way Wil) shire tend ae Op mode sustil Ure brellem 4 te operate iin 2 + The sfsaka i wath of fas ty cg A seme then indlicat®s on the dashboard. wil) cca of Pre erdbiliy af the tices -cobngllen os od Aa Additional diagnothic might be added 4s accomedale dilleenb engite tredala @ nok contain mde ct _Jewer sends. (ix) Keeping the Ayplem JAally intequated qr the contol tre acces te wale seni inpuls 0 thal Brey cau be. decked. © Alendimal nerporses prom renrdis ct adtralt can be Adkecked buy tre microcomputer engine -combricl sypleros. Explarn the wstki At ide ain control with relevant diagrams. (TUNE|TLY Q01g- 10M) xp ug AIR CONTROL => OPEN =DLE MALN FUEL AIR AER INJECTOR CLOSE = : / nH STEPPING x Motor | OPEN CLOSE Fag- ot Ldke Ain Cowknel AIR DLE AIR ENgENE Bem Valve SENSOR + | | STEPPER CONTROLLER MoToR Fig-b: Black dtaqnam of idle ait sactercl wd Zatt jeed ncconbnclie by sing on decboenially ~] - pausing 26 Anak allot ain £ | co) diy A_Akepper meta moves Jun dined -anquban increments when cactibaded by pulses on bs tive poof windings i. chen acdose. dw Sach a. mater can be operated tn cthen dinedion by | j pulses in Hoe proper phase te Bre windings Tai? I} w). He volwe in wumber vot wi) f away. Ta_ane aay JfMre compen can pend pubbicient pole wii He completely “lose Ure valve when Phe agniblon i ley Hhe RP Fig-b shows dhe ai ikied. i ig fied block Aus Ale need Scontoscl myslem, Tle a pa Land. the speed is adsusted to maintain a cowbant idle SM iii, The -compaucbor sueceives (rig ) B on otk stab 2 | QEFO eon te ak a hn hal BB og Taste inpsa indicate the Lend that J applied J aes Aurting Ade. (ix). wihen the engine is wet idbing the dle volwe may be cds sdised. Jy thab dhe Hutte has etal cofbosl tad = ow Sah Ghtneegeelngede ae ee Ain| duel’ nahio tn aiden tes seduce He envisions. Explain the closed Joop sgpitcon. Hirwing with selevant adiagnanv. (Tune [TULy 2018 -10m) CLOSED LOOP LGNITION TIMING Wren the spank is adwonced tev ban, an alonduma -corbutien phenomenon secur vat ts known as 'knecking! Knockihg MU characterized by san bndimally xopid pire in cylinder Swsune duving combustion detlowed Ly oon elation in ro oat as benipicial 46 perkeimance. ily Excermive knock us Aunqueslionalsly gta engine ond must be aweided and control Abakegy { urank Sunder udeted Soop combuol ia to advance thé f Hine “park taining sysil the park devel becomes snacceptable. fi this point, Une conbsid ayslena adwances the spank reduction (retarded. spank) anti occeptable Leela f knock JA achieved. A Apork odwance cents Acheme bared Javidlsing sHhe Aewels of knocking requires a Knock nena. Tis send ijn j He acoustical, energy an Pe Apeclnasm of the rapid cylinder wd examines the knsck senun oubpub ak At dave fo soln, knock ais dangest. wil) Thea) i se lowe jk TDe. Wily SF oar ear aris ee gia nal. Js ti lalinubip He engin The _-p? cram cts cnfowal. dy) Sinlordly edule i ea ioe Knock measuring svbowumentaten is inkegralin with rehpeck te tine This can be acconplisned wing AN, oP-AMP. & N= = 1 (T Way ot Rod Th Above is no knock Ve2o The Leweh of knock indensthy is indicaded by voltage weeds Pris voltage with a reeMatd a aalcthis brook: nat oeasoed a oe a Whenwer, Vi (1) > Mwreshold value : re CYLINDER PRESSURE ge met Tarque Va SA Tat : SA DEGREES ce rhe NARROW BANDPASS DETECTOR FILTER Ve KNOCK SENSOR L => —* @ ) Gi dw w) vi) (wil) wily ix) -E Sev cious Ve |_ Anvato Ne OL THRE Sere COMPARATOR Vk. THRESHOY Fag-ds Knock Jewel dekebor -cirouil: Wak ane He verxiow’ moduler ol conbsurl anit jaratne 2 Explain them biedy. (sune |auty dolg- lo CONTROL UNIT SOFTWARE The various moduler of consol Read time, di AMrouictine exeaibion control Conausticn, ) Pape nas ED wo Real ture copaliditiy Reaktine capability means thak control procedures must swack te sinpub awituin exknenvely shai ture. | Antilock baking Supshern (PBS) di Scftorore shuren : 7 Neuwally cowuwands ane executed Aequertially The tine taken to read in and execute the command Sepends onthe Wioreconbraller Hvat is avsed and. the clock frequency. Curnvent: wrenocowbrollens thak one edt vehicer con erctube upte lwo comands ber recowd . dil) Tnkeruuprk Coyne Teoct dinkerouph . Suavclonows intowust Time frame | Back-gnound. progran Time + —> Fug CPU power dishnibubion principle As Aeon os on Sie auarad ine inal ah cael nopid rorpense, Yre program Mat Je -ewvorertly sunning wust be antovuped.. Evenbs can dnigen ja Jrucgnem exeaution inkouigh ark apon the pneyrare fips land executes tre \inkenupsk nouiine! When Dis Sroutine dar been execisled , He Jorogcam ve A aohidh ab was Lavcouuipted sesunres sak Hye pout ab by an exo Re Aw tinkoouupl can be dyigquued geoded iy Other uinbovuph sowrees axe! baw sie Hetty L ony nko parce Sundae Mad 2 me Lb abigaall te Te pdt coknallen decides awh inns 2 allowed te inboouuph anveher sindovurpk: (iv _|Pavsudy bared execubton, Tid critical Junctions proceed ak Inigh pxictilty speed denis Bhat necitds engine speck sand. cxankrbaldr fositn eee inwurala thak canbe a matter ob willirecands depending an ithe engine speed nen Juncins auchos seading tne de gin Hemp ag He plypicl veil changes ean seal i Ba W) | Tot The caankihalt i quipped sith a ube ahed ba eh 2 Fg =a Tame BB hieti calculations via 4 epee Antena thiwen 3 = : ce bs vet —_—— _ — ed sd gal a Ta Counter shakin ot tooth n Thi: Counten stabs ot tooth n+ Combustion Syndweveus I “same caleulation nave te be penbu hon cycle, Fer example Ale agin angle and Hs tingediion, ave He be cchalaled apncioneisly at comnloustin eh each eyinden, The program dees by be. te the supndmmurnization opus ail ant dete _ Stank mynchvonixabin proqnara Tovth counten clapred Synclnewixabicn program Aruiggered. : Second tooth after the gap [fuga Buiggoung He Jinlonuph pyndhnenewly awith combustion wii) Lawition Intovupe pe - Th gun se eae 4 Sogviain He gnition al as Lee ia LLL OU L switch on the ignition co [endothe diive It ignition Sunchronixabion Fig 4 Dave wand. igen dine culpa Wii)_|| Time Frame dime jrame Lambda. Covebsuel feo example Srosits be prrcensed atin dined tine cprame Ceg.: oma) ao that Be ae ee dbo puogscam. gi gine pees te and the Lovth cpv tine fot the edged 4 rane The ca ? pregiam rust thenehsre oly ovtain Jour judy | al. a) Wirok re the varous Aigikal modules un tn combed. - auik? (mMep-sm) - => Digiked Moduler iin the Cowbrd Unit ae —¥_| Microcontroller A mutesrocentscler owsishs of the jolowing wloediig OW Gd) _| Cental Decconing Unit Cop) _ This contains He cowbnol unit and the orthotic ond dogic unk. The contsict unit executes re instructicns bom from the program menduy avhoveas the arithmalic ond Logie uwik peg axithndiical. and degical opoudticws. rT iy [Tnpuk and output C210) devices ; Td randles tne exchange of data. awh, peripheral devices. : Penip oral Aesvices include aiyput and pubpuk devices ond extemal dake abivage media. Gib | Progam Mendy A TE the memsuy ain which tre pov takes vi pounanently ataed (Rom, PROM, EPROM dt ErRom)- Data, Se ena sshich is accowed. fn reading and ailing Can. Tis cetans Ake dake Book bet Mtg Tei nat be doled avhen ake upply wollnge A outlay eave Non-velatile_memcuy. CeerRor) a as =a Baws | The Waa ayslem connec the Anditdual cements he wb Ge aaraeen Coteiladah ) enwurcen Brack all cporitny Baa Wid Logic Carvcrins wrvails are modules swith spectodized tarks suchas | Loqe. phegnam Levers Mney cadre Ankegnaded An individual lei IPRogGRAMMING, The command foun capable A dined’ inlorpnetaticn Tee a_ bik babtern Cor and. Op. Sivee my a_mlenop, : pom of unbouichin is nebeany do wwik swith sand is, fie te ores easily menses ane avsed. fae cuckensal trnonated by an avembler program ints Lue poctbernatiat cael ya nde Fa nate = ; pions igh devel og MEMoRIES Teg Ailfenent monidiet Hck can be used jm Tha oO | RAM - Random Access Mendy Ram is a shes tou mendy hak aMows direc accems to ek alecntans $4 is ef Koo Kuper ie _ Akabic Rect (seen) Ram Coram). diy ||Rom- Read 01 Rom is seanatard anda nerdy ThokMows ony yy Perneliy decation to be accomed dbivedtly Lik the infdmatiin can aoly be read, net medlied Different types of Rots ve vatable Rom, easable prom cleckiuéal EPROM and Lash eertom. ai. b) | waite_a block Aiagnan depiciing Maeve modules. (MgP-5M) —> _|| Block DIAGRAM OF Srqxten MODULES EN conTRoL UNET Mioupreceud| [Dota Program Mens, Dada. Merny : a cen a“) cane a kb O oT fiw 64byber>3akb. lash Er Rom) a J Chock Bus 4,8 16,3a- bit dake circa ~~ + t + ed | Ty J I alo | ) ¢ CUARIT, Ku cael ie jae] | | lie fet Sh ithe A bi Inj 0 0 |Ssetiall > Bur T H 1 T 1 i 1 | T \ 2 =F 1 T +t i l T i ! 7 1 \ s a = x | diy diy ) Programming ji Sued ly the wwcrop. f take 4 bik -paltern Cols and '4). Ww) 5 be cf Memes pie sine jdt dole, Abcvage s RAM wand Rom ore the wemdien ured ber date sbdvage. Ram is further divided inte seam and pram, While Rom ds chamrified oA ororalle Rom. Eprom , EEPROM -and Starh EEPROM. 5 22:0) Wdvakvare tre CAN prteced, dasyers t (nec 2018 | TAN 201% 10M) CAN PRoTOcOL LAYERS —* |The can prictocel Jayers ane d) Prpplication Layer (i | objeck Layer : did, | Transpav! Layer W_| Phyacab Layer Prpplication Layer Obyech Layer Tana pauk Layer eva Bhopsicat tare 2. b) | Dxaw and Explain the Layer ntsuctune of aoe CBee 208 [mn s0iq -8m) 2 _|LAVeR STRUCTURE OF CAN PROTOCOL Application Layer 0 Olyeck Layer wv Trap ae — Le Phyccal Layer —= Feige CBN Prctocol Layers a Feat carnnmunicedion pritocels ik is dandand pradice te sich oftaids a Inigh bed of He flexibility in the * Ge pecclahicnl bua system 20ith Hae Cony hardurare the Can software ont divided ide seoral Jayors. 0) ee The opplccalicn Joyor sepresents re information in tre fpéum cf dala poudina wed. by the opplicabion. There Ada sof, date uwhich one to be onsmitted ne Jeworded da Me acbjeck Laon 48 His purpete oe clojek layer to manage Ge oe ho tad lagen ant alge Sade a hak ld be pena whch time . Fev ae dip 1 Layer 5 5 The ‘bnanapeck Layer Jposnidhes The Jasper wit dw Phupt fe high Logs edd bis oe Tk consis cf shurical compenenta ol tre nebwerk sich Phe wining And. vetkages wed Js wend Hie Jnkdundlin Write sdk note ons a) LIN Bus sand) Most Bus Qe dog [AN 2019 - sM45ti) a) LIN Baw aw diz diy (iv) ww bur teplogy ond comeced te ehch othr by 0 sing T ehietaeen Tt Jnoweverr is nol he Fe an Champlevel a Low : ° ai Hex Hs master Valse Y € Jpunchisos da. gateway Jo Hae Shavet}| | Slave 2 Shove 3 LIN Slave 4 Moved | |Gaxoge-dest| | Rat dighk Wiper opener AeAL adtiattt Diagnestics | Mantor CAN Central Ecu Bedijiennl Tchamis con Falg = Lan bus with raster ond slave nodes Most Bus The Most CMedia oouinted 5. Treaavapouk ) wars Apecipicaly Amelsped 4a the nelurdulang of infolainment ype in mets i ©. dn 1998. slg be_jlilled. MOSE lait? A eas _ dw hs, ki | See aie a_taka. sake f 248M bibs |s CMosrss)"f so bud la (most ap) and 1spM biks|s CesT 10). Arvvanged_in a ning souddune where by a dewee is L w) 7 : connedked’ tty bo predelessr cit succeed in, Hoe sing by as | input cv sudpub werpedtiicly. : wi | "one ot devices ack an tre dinmaiig master” ond generale | dake Juamer Je dake Jovariler swddh “urlvich the cHren | Qi | Each device Inara bypam, hen this loved te device | deuverds the Aigival divedly and is Hhere|gre Junwrsble_te dre MosT pyshern. e [ Thuiming Most device | NES o| NeeBleck] [| Appl. ! iO [ a nm ] | f Nebwetk Source L cE) sal aan ae : — | ae v3 a : \e > MOST phguzal leyon [ Fig = Ring sboudhinve > > ee Le. oe Medel Jo a MOST : e Aevcce a4. | Explain Aritilock Braking Syke with weak diagnam: CdEc_2dg [aan 2019 - fe) —> | Antzlotk BRAKING SYstem Cpe) ae ee ee MODULATOR ~ a BRAKE CYLINDER aa SENSOR 4 —perortsonn a O |} ine Valves o |Hi- (= __- HYDRAULIC - O | oretectronze| PoweR SOURCE O]1 all conteotter — — SENSOR ch y ~ [E——_ Smopucator TE Fig Avtilodk Braking suyser cass) wo ABS ina pobdy-nelabed iotune trot voabisbs Hae drvier th Aeceovatiion of Sve vehicle ain pot 2 marginal boaleing conditions (e.g. wok 2 Loy roads). a In such cendihem, panic braking by Bre Aniver rerutts stn seducing breaking efectivenem and’ typically Lev Avxeciiinal conbral “due te Une dendeney A, He ashedls rd diiy In Aes-eq) LOA he shee is prevented prem docking by a. mechanism Brat autondticaly sve. ducer /requlaler ty vy lnaking farce to an ptiiwum cany qiven jeu - aisha lndie To undouland the ee uk ia necomary fs Jundoutand ne physical raechanin of wheel Leckuand vehicle skid tel can cor Auring braking. ~~.) Fag ~ 2 Wurtnoler the férces ts Mie sherk while _ The cor is Javavelling a. speed. Vand the wheels ane ak an wang shan ‘peed w, with w= Crxrem)) 30 EFS awherve RPM is wheel, narduibions por nvinute . When the wheel is ring, = wR srhent Rid the nae Ww) Wren the bnake pedal is Aepaered Hae terque ds Th the vactual, force that decloraler car 1s Fo the Lateral peice maintaing dviecticnal sconbricd of scan is 5 Due ts vJibbocnce bekween wahicle speed cand tire speed wid Bre stove phips ite ik af by S= V-WR xXi00'l v A_sellvig tive nas slip, Si: =0 sand a. july Locked tine vil) dros S=ldol-. The b Auvee ELLN > Fb= NAL ond Aaderal prec. FLAN > FUN where N> heimal fore an Koad Mb baking peicticn coedcient snd Se eae * The ABs Depsemn sequliates brake bremuee Se maintain sip oo p ahs The cporalten of PBS is “on ; Tw applied to wheel ak the soad Awace fos ie Te is “applied dppatike 3a Ta by calipouvran nespowe to B. boaking Sergue T= Kup Tw is welated te Teand w boy shee, w= dv /ar Dwg heey braking under marginal condibicw Alip ANCHEONEA - The sheet” tague reaches a manivum value, Tw= REL but ees “Tw RNMD ie. Tw < Mp Ajter the. peak value is served clecknowicolly dhe Ecv commands the brake pronunre be seduced... "Reduatcon in brake prune reducer slip and wheel taique again seach maruivun. The

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