AusrJti!

IIJ
S2.95usA
A S 4 75 N� ZcJJ/iJ!!cl NZ $ 4 75
Smgfi/)Ofe S S 9 45 Hong Kong H $23 50
M,1/11r- M $ 9. 45 SWIIden 30 ·Sf!K

MICRO JOURN�L
YOUR CHOICE-smart either way
• Over 140 software driven functions
• 82 x 24 or 82 x 20 screen format - sohware selectable
• High resolution 7 x 12 matrix characters - P-31 green phosphor
• Upper/lower case character set- plus graphics character set
• 56-key alphanumeric keyboard - plus 12-key cursor, numeric pad
• Internal editing functions- insert, delete, scroll, roll, slide, etc.
• Parallel printer 1/0 port
• 50 to 38,400 baud operation - programmable
• Cursor type, cursor position, print control characters, protected fields,
shift inversion, dual intensity and many other features

8212- twelve-inch diagnonal screen or 8209- nine-inch diagnonal screen

SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION

219 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216 (512) 344-0241
 from the 8 bit 6809 microprocessor allowing it to
outperform many 16 bit systems
With the UniFLE><'" Operohng System, the
8 bit 6809 microprocessor con
perform as well as larger CPUs In a multi­
user, multi-tasking enlllronment.
Independently developed trom the
ground up, UniFLEx- closely models the
features found In the UNIX· Operating
System. And In two years of use. UniFLEX'"
has proven the abilities otthe 68091o
perform Iorge system functions when
Incorporated Into a properly designed
molntrome.
Some ofthe features supported Include:
• full multi-user, multi-tasking capabilities
• hierarchical ftte systems
• delllc elndependentl/0
• lour Gigabyte disk capacities
• full ftle protection
• Inter-task communication vto pipes
• 1/0 redirection
• task swapping for efficient memory
usage
• full random-access ftles
• comprehensive shell command
language
• toregraund·bockgroundjobs
• electronic moll and printer spooling
• system accounting facilities
68' MICro Journal
The support software currentiyovoliable
tor use under UniFLEX'"Is extensive.
A sampling of the programs available
Includes
• native C complier (lull
Implementation)
• native Pascal complier
• FORTRAN 77 ANSI Subset compUer
• COBOL complier With ISAM ftles, Report
Writer & Sort/Merge
• Extended BASIC Interpreter
• Extended BASIC precompiler
• text editing and processing software
• enhanced printer spooler
• vorletyofobsoluteond relocatable
assemblers
• debug and diagnostic packages
Technical Systems Consultants. Inc. also
otlers a line of single user A.EX'" sottwore
products for 6800 and 6809 processors
For those hollln g an absofute need lor a
16 bit processor, UniFLEX'" Will be ovoil·
able through OEM licensing arrange­
ments lor the68000 microprocessor.
Please call orwllte for additional � technical JyJtenv
Information on Individual products or
OEM licensing arrangements
l!J cONultantJ. inc.
H1 PI<MOencellood
Ct>opel Hill Nolth Corouno 27514
UNIX• Ito lrodemor!(ol Bell lobofolotlt»
(919) 493-U$1
flEX'" ond UniR.EX"" 018trodemorlcs01 fecMICol
Systems Contu�onta. Inc
 ' • ' MICRO
• JOURN�L
Portions of the text for 68 HI� � was prepared
Send All Correspondence To:
using the following furnished hard/software. ea.uter Publishing Center
68 MICRO .JCltRW..
COf>\ITERS-+iAROWME
5900 Cusendra Smith
Southwest Technical Products
219 w. Rhapsody PO Box 649
Sen Antonio Texas 78216 Hixson, TN 37343
soq-518 dlsk-cOSI-8212W-Sprlnt 3 Printer
OMF" 615 842-4600

GIMIX Inc. Copyrighted 1983 by Computer Publishing, Inc. (CPI)

1337 West 37th Place
Chicago, IL 60609
Super Molnframo-oS9-FLEX-Assorted Hardware 68' Micro Journal Is published 12 times a yeer by
Computer PubII sh I ng Inc. Second C.lass Postage
EDITMS-..aRD PROCE55mS Paid ISSN 0194-5025 at Hixson, Tenn. end
Technical Systems Consultants, Inc. �ddl tlone1 entries. Postmaster: send Form 3 5 7 9 to
Ill Provl donee Rood
Cha p el Hill, NC 27514 68' Micro Journal, PO Box 049, Hixson. Tennessee.
FLE X-E ditor -Processor S�IPTION RATES
USA
Great Plains Computer Company, Inc. 1-Yeor S24.50 2-Years \42.50 3-Yeers \64.50
PO Box 916 FOREIGN
Idaho Falls, 10 83401
See Page 5 2
STYLD-Moll Merge
It- Sut.iffed for Publication
Editorial Staff

Don WI IIIams Sr. Publisher A r tic l e s s u b m i t t e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n s h o u l d b e

L arry E. WII IIams Executive Editor a c companied by the authors full � . eddress. date and
Tom E . Williams Production Editor telephone nu•ber. It Is preferred that ertlclos be
Robert <Bob) Nay Color Editor
submitted on either 5 or 8 Inch diskette in TSC Editor
fonnat or STYLO format. All diskettes will be returned.
�inistre�iYe S�aff

Mary Robertson Off Ice Manager T h o following TSC Text Processor commends ONlY should
Joyce Willi oms Accoun ti ng be used (due to our proportional processor): .sp space,
Carolyn Williams Subscr lptlons .pp porogreph, .fl fill and .nf no fill. Also please do
Penny Williams FI I e Management
n o t format within tho text with multiple spaces. The
Contribui"lng Editors rest we will enter at time of editing.

Ron Anderson S T Y L O comme�nds 11re all acceptable except the .pg page
Norm Commo commend, we print edited text Illes In contlnous text.
Peter Dibble
Or. Theo Elbert
William E. Fisher All articles submitted on dis kettes should be In TSC
Or. E.M. Pass FLEx• format, olthar fLEX2 6800, or FLEX9 6809 any ver­
sion.
Special Technical Projects
If articles a r e submitted on p11por they should be on
Clay Abrams K6AEP
Tom Hunt wh Ito 8X11 bond or better grlldo p11per. No h11nd written
articles (hand written or drown art occepted). All
p a p e r submitted articles will b e p h o t o reproduced.
CONTENTS This requires t h a t they be typed or produced with 11
d a r k ribbon (n o blue), single spaced 11nd typo font no
Voi.V,Issue v MAY'63
smaller then •elite' or 12 pitch. Typed text should be
a p p r oximately 7 Inches wide (will be reduced to column
FLEX USER NOTES. I0 Anderson
width of 3 112 Inches). Please use o dar1t ribbon!
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

COLOR USER NOTES. Nay

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 12
'C' USER NOTES Commo 16
All letters to tho odl tor should also comply with tho
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

'C' FLOATING POINT Bettelnger 16

a b011e end beer 11 signature. Letters of •gripes• as well
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Harkness
as 1pralse1 are solicited. W e attOfllp t to publish all
OS9 USER NOTES 1 9 Dibble
l e tters to the editor verblltlm, howovor, we reserve tho
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

OS9 MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY 21 Burega

r lgh t to reject any subollisslon for lack of 'good taste'.
• • • • • • • • •

MICROWARE ANNUAL USER SEMINAR 21

We reserve t h e right to define what constitutes 'good
• •

STRUCTURED ASSEMBLE MACROS 25 Leclerc

taste'.
• • • • •

SMALL/SIMPLE EXEC-66KECB-66000. 34 Duclos

REGULATOR PROALEMS 36 Stark
AdvertIsIng: CoM�erclal advertisers pleose conta::t the
• • • • • • • • • • • • •

BIT BUCKET 38 A l l o f us
6 8 Micro J o u r n a l advertising department for current
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

Editor's Note - Software copy 36 OMW

rete sheet and requirements.
• •

MODEM PROGRAM <enothor) 40 Burega • • • • • • • •

TSC EDITOR MOO 42 Hughes

Classified: All classified m u s t be non-commercial.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

PTR-3 REVIEW 43 Thomes

Mexlmum 20 words per classified ad, Those consisting of
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

HELP 45
more then 20 words should be figured at .35 cents per
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

CLASSIF I EDS 45
word, 20 words or less S7.50 minimum, one time, paid In
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

AdvertIsers Index 62
advence. No closslfled ads accepted by telephone.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •

2 '68' Micro Joumal

 Intelligent Serial I/O Processor Board Now Available
The GIMIX Intelligent Three-port RS-232C Serial 1/0 Interface can significantly increase
throughput of a multi-user system by reducing the number of interrupts between user
terminals and the host CPU. The Intelligent 1/0 Board accomplishes this by buffering data
transfers between system and users and preprocessing of the data.
Appropriate on-board software and operating system drivers are required. Software and
drivers for OS-9 Level 2 will be available shortly from GIMIX.
v INDEPENDENT ON-BOARD 2MHZ 68809 CPU
v UP TO 20K OF ON-BOARD MEMORY (EPROM and RAM)
v BUFFERED DATA TRANSFER BETWEEN HOST AND ON-BOARD
CPU USING A Z8038 FlO 1/0 INTERFACE UNIT
v THREE RS-232C SERIAL 1/0 PORTS (6551As) WITH SOFTWARE
SELECTABLE BAUD RATES, WORD LENGTH, STOP BITS, PARITY
Standard Version Including 4K RAM (Without Software) ............... $438.11
PARALLEL VERSION COMING SOON -

U niflex For Gl MIX Winchester Systems

TSC will be providing UniFLEX compatible with GIMIX Winchester systems. The NEW
versions of UniFLEX for use with the Winchester systems will be delivered on 5" media as well
as 8" media.

GIMIX 30 Pin Prototyping Board Now Available

• Double sided with plated thru holes and gridded power and ground lines.
• 8 rows of pads on .100 x .300 centers: up to 41 fourteen pin ICs.
• Accepts standard 6, 8, 14, 16, 20, 24, and 40 pin DIP devices.
• The entire top edge has pads for .100 x .100 header (ribbon) connectors.
• Pads for solder connections or .100 center headers on all 30 bus lines.
• Accepts 3 T0-220 regulators, 1 on the + 8V & 1 ea. on the + 1- 16V lines.
• Provisions for decoupling caps distributed throughout the array.
• Can be used with wire wrap, wiring pencil, solder wiring, etc.

With gold bus connectors and heat sinks (unassembled) ............... $38.33

Now Available From GIMIX

(U.S. & Canada Only)
THE WINDRUSH EPROM PROGRAMMER
* Probably the most versatile EPROM PROGRAMMER available.Interface & software for
EXORciser · II (fully addressable) and S-50 bus systems.
* PROGRAMS AND VERIFIES 2508/2708, 2516/2716 (SINGLE AND TAl-VOLT TYPES)
2532, 2732, 2732A, 2564, 2764 and the 128K TMS2528 (16K x 8)
-······ WITHOUT ADDITIONAL 'PERSONALITY' MODULES-------.
* PROGRAMMER extends out to your work area via 5' of twisted pair cable.
* EXTENSIVE COMMANDS MENU ... MOVE DATE, READ, PROGRAM, VERIFY EPROMS,
EXAMINE/CHANGE BUFFER, FORMATTED DUMP OF BUFFER, FILL BUFFER.
* Fully documented user's manual w/schematics & theory of operation. Professionally
finished PCBs w/solder resist & component overlay.
* SOFTWARE AVAILABLE FOR FLEX 2/9, SSB, OS-9 (LVL 1 NOW, LVL 2 LATER)
and MOOS ...All source files supplied. Specify disk size please!
NOTE: One version is supplied FREE. Extra versions: $25.00 each.
..
S-30 Interface/Programmer/Baseplate/Cable . . .. . .... .......... ... . . ..$375.00
. . . . . .

EXORclsor Interface/Programmer/Baseplate/Cable .. ... . .. .... . .. ... ..... . .$395.00

. . .

GtMIX Inc rtWVfllne 11Qh110chinQe P<<•no 'no o•oo..cl

1337 WEST 37th PLACE
soecolicallOIIS dl •nt lotne w•noul rurlnet nollte
CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 60609
GIMIX' 'no CHOSI' '" te<)lslereo triiOerNf\.s 01 G '-!IX Inc
flEX •no u-.flU dlt ltOIOIINr•s ol lecMIC.ll S151tms COMutUniS Inc
(312) 927-5510
OS9 1$ • lr-r> 01 Utttcr.o.are Inc TWX 910-221·4055 1982 GIMIX Inc

'68' Micro Journal 3

 OS-9 Seminar August 12, 13, 14, 15
See Page 20 for Details

4 '68' Micro Journal

 *FREE*

32 PAGE CATALOG

FEATURING SOF TWARE

FOR SS·50 and 6809

BASED SYS TEMS!

CALL TO RECEIVE YOURS TODAY

(315) 474-7858

·sa· Micro Journal 5

 ElectroScreen™
ANNouNciNG onhJ
$595
the Superior Alternative
to the Traditional Alphanumeric Terminals

The ElectroScreen"' Intelligent Graphics Board Features:

Graphics
• 512 x 480 resolution bit-mapped display
• Interleaved memory access - fast, snow-free updates
Intelligence
• 6809 on-board mpu
• 6K on-board firmware
• STD syntax htgh level graphtcs command set
• Removes host graphics software burden
• Flexible text and graphics mtegralion
• Multiple character sizes
• User programs can be run on-board
Terminal
• Termtnal emulation on power-up
• 83 characters by 48 lines dtsplay
• Easy switchtng among user-deftned character sets
• Fast hardware scrolling
Additional Features
• SS-SOC and SS-64 compatible board
• Board communtcates with host through parallel latches
• Compostle and TTL level vtdeo output
• 8 channel 8 btl AID converter
• Board occuptes 4 address bytes

See your dealer today!

The ElectroScreen manual is available for $10. credited toward purchase of the board.

u f�i!!!!.!!����;}?c�1; �
The ElectroScfeen has a 90 day
warranty from purchase date

a3
Dealers, please contact us for our
special introductory package. F u

6 '68' Micro Journal

THE CHIEFTAIN™ 51/.-INCH WINCHESTER
H ARD DISK COMPUTER
SO ADVANCED IN SO MANY WAYS ...
AND SO COST-EFFECTI V E ...
IT OBSOLETES MOST OTHER SYSTEMS
AVAILABLE TODAY AT ANY PRICE.

e HARD DISK S\'Slt:M CAPACitY
The Olicflc�in \Crle' ln<.lude.' s•• and 8Inch
1\inche�ter) th.lt ranqe from � to 60
m�b}le capatity and higher as t(!('hnol<>!lY
advance.. All hard dl\k Chieftain� Include
&\k memo!} with two �rial port:� .rnd
DOS690 dl\k opcratlnq �}"tern
e LIGHTrtlrtG ACCfSS TIMf
Average .rcce..,, time for 5'• Inth IVInche.,ll!�
b 70 m� cornp.arc�blc to Itt� more rmtly
hard dhk ))'Item,, na r l me.an' dat.t tran!Jcr
len·tlmes f.a)ler th.ln nopp) di\k �)''>lCill\
e 2·MHZ OrtRATIOrt
��� Chleftilln\ operate at 2·Mt1l regardlei>)
or df,k �orage type or op cratln!t ��tern
used. Compare this to other hard disk
S)\tem... no matter how much they CO)II
e DMA DATA TRArtSft:R
[)NA data tran�er to-and from tape and disk
b provided leu optimum '>peed. A 'J)eclal
de-Ign technique ellrnlnat� the nec�lt)
of holltlng t11e prO<ei><;Or to w'illt for data
1\hlch nomtdll) tran<Je� at a »>ower �peed
detcnnlned by the rotational wloclty or
the dl�.
e RUM UrtDfR DOS OR OS.9
No matter 1\hiclr Chicltaln you sclec t
Wlnche.tC!I willl tape or floppy bi1ck up ...
they all run under DOS or 05-9 with
no need to modify hard10:<1re or software.
e UrtBOUrtDt:D flfXIBIUlY
You'll probably never uo;e lt. but .ln)' Chlelt.lln
h.nd dl�k 5y:>tem can drl\'e up to 20 other
Wlncht>Ster,, and four tape drile'\ with a
single 0�1A interlace board I
e SMOKE SIGrtAL'S H[RITAGt: Of
t:XC[tu:rtC[
TI1i'> n� gencr
.. ian computer i� auompt�
H
nied by the ..arne fndur;ance·Certi(l�d
quality Dc.liCr� Jnd t:lld U\CI) olll OWl the
1\0rld have come to v;pect from Smoke
Signal. An<! �upport ..artware '>dcction and
. •

cxtrcmel) compctltl\e pricin!l o�re \CI) much

51• or 81nch noppy or 5'
• or 8 Inch
a p.1rt ol th.1t cnvio�ble reputation

llere are the Chieftain 6809-ba!>ed hard disk computers that arc destined to

Write or call today change the data proc�ing indu!>try ...

for details (including the D CHI[fTAJrt 95W4 0 CHIEfTAIN 98WI5

4 llle!l<lb)'IC 51� inch 1\'incholer with 1!'> nJegdb\te. 5'1 fnc.h Wlncheo;ter with
remarkably low prices) .r �k floppy disk drive lpkturedl. ,, 1 meg.•b)te Blnch OopJl) dl'k ctrl\\:.

on the total Chieftain 0 CHit:fTAJrt �XW4 0 CHit:fTAJrt 9WI5T20

Series and on
• • •
! ���b��o�:���� ��:���
�:\�
�s2���:r�� ;���·� :;�:,�ter wllh
t tr
dealership opportunities. '------'--...._.�

.®
r-----------------------

1I Name ..... _______________________________

Company ..........................
... ....
. ....
. ....
. ....................................
SMOla: SIGNAL BROADCASTING®
_

I
1 Address ........
. ....................................
31336 VIA COLINAS
I
_

Clly· State Z1p ....................

WESTLAKE VILLAGE, CA 91362
__ __ __ __ __
_ _

TEL (213) 889-9340 I Telephone (

'68' Micro Journal 7

 ELEKTRA Means Quality
ELEKTIIA CMINn !.Ucle ot �hi 0 080"' lhk:k otumonum. tnteriOf I s 18-1/2"
w tcle py 21·711"' cleep by8-3f4"h'Ofl 1-iNyYdutyAC line oord AC fuMIIOider E MI
Io
tter �.,wot h lotter e.c:k pontl-IOcutoutaiOt O'typeclell � .,._ Front ....,.l
- key on/oft power swo

POWEJIIIWrLT HI
t Ch. 2 oHumlnaled pullh bunon sw.tcl-
NMVAbor11, lnd two cutouts for $-114 doall dro-
Fohr Plato for &-11' ouve open.ng
I>nl(lual�ylo

I
6t a.. 31 . t& v. 31 ·l llv 3 pr
� VersiOn S 00
$1000

omary tnputa for

�an ��II<
naar -auppfyCONS E R VATfVELYratedottSa
r ated, and hel'oiY IOIO<ng
ftght,
1 10. Vera(on
(ReMI
and
S� 00
$1000

S17� 00
@LEKTRA
DISK IIEOULATOII IO AII D WITH CML£1 Stand ard vr
HNyY du ly veralon for tWinch
s
ea ton tor 2 ftoppy drov•
d 1 ftoPII)I orova.
e ter drlvo .,
ELEKTIIA UHIVEIIIAI. MOTHEJIIOAII D Hoa.,... ghl 0 ��· lhiCk 18" � by 8"
$SO 00
S7S.OO COMPUTER PRODUCTS
wtcle t t mernoty ( � ponl 1
1011 4 or I alota ma
y cut ott tor shor1enlng to t4 or tO
ba "

= �n�:;�l oncr
.!.!� ,:,n M':t =::.:.�0:� o��?ac�:.
32 &1 ,or t21 oy11 ernento r-"vtiY t �P�C
i
ng .,.. _ Ill me
mory and VO

��-=·==--a..
esc:::� ��� =:.::'!.� cu.:: ::;:7::;
ptO
V Chng )U- -�� rat• 01 75 IIVougll 31 .400 lor - of 11\1 II .. Dlud r ato
>
1onn Slow.,.. ..,. arcu�ry -'"'" '"9 tMH• 30 pond'" oontrOIIara t o run woth 2 MHl �
pon CPU t>oaods Bar-d w/docu"*llaloon SIOOO
Kn wlgold connactors S320 oo - - w/goto oonnact ors S31000
Kol wlttn connec:tora $20000 A-milled w/lon oonneclors S300 00
Uf.KTIIA CHAIIII Includes cabinet, ttO. POWer supply. POWer supply cabin,
atandaJd dis" rtgulatOf' bOard w•th powet cabfoa. motheft>oard w•th gotd aquar• ptn
a om- and tested
connac:toro. .. se�00
fLECTIIA CPU lit Ulo olthlr lhl 6802 or eeoe (to run 11800 ooflworol or� Hao
prov11oon tor up to3 21tt1Ep<omo. tKocrotchped MCWOtrlplttomer.ondan optoonll
beud rete g.,.,atot ptovid•ng DeUd rat• trom 1 tO tl'wou Qh 38•.t00 blud tn two user
MIICW>Io ran The bOard aupports OMA byOtlher H A 'tor BUSREO whan I�
L
�
�--":,:;o;�t�.:"el)gt !:: �
� �eg�a"?..":f:�:or.;.,�::!
01 ()$.. 8 • LIVII t oro 1VIilall4
1
Bare-d $� 00 Kot S22S 00 -- $275 00
�=��
�r8.�.:.�MtCROilUG $3000 See•KHUM8UGSneJ< �
f
l AII D Fils I no llandorO 30 pon SS.� bul 1/0 alol
fKT"A Drl DUAL rOIIT Ifil l AI. C

��:�:���z;:,'.=- �� =::.-:.:;:��:!,:�:;:�n��� ' ;:.'ll:'�

:"�s�:'1;�0:.r'�7�t.�.�;n
· �m.,too E a rt ,..
c h po
��rc�rs� ;1·R���6���·�"':i� '!::=,m.,:.:.��
, ondeponoent M1oc110n 01 Dlud rate Each port all Ows tho
==r�equiiSil'or ·�oenuU)(T'ed to thiiAO or ftR�':!,"b;:C:'S:O
oo
Clblft ( l wo - per bOard) Each S20 00
f.LfKTIIA Ol'r OUAL I'OIIT PAIIAI..Lfl. CAIIO ftiiiNII.,.,.,O 30 pon SS.� llus VO
slot can Ill uled on ....... thO 4 or t6 -- per 110 alol conhgurotiOn occuoyong
lhof•rstlour--OithiVOsiOI Thoo.roctoon OithiTTLbuHerscanlll eontr­
oyootner on -d ,..,_ coM«toroor oyo sognollrornthl....,o
,pnor ls Thl tnterruPI
,_th- IOtoec:hporlmoyl>eonciiVIOUIIIytu,_edlo�nerthatROorFIROINMI
--
Baroboard S20 00 1<11 S60 00 Auombled SIOOO
Cables (two - per DOirOI Each $2000
U.fKTIIA 0·5 Dual ouve eobonel lor 6-114" driVes w•th power oupply,
� 1'\tt cord. lull, powe
r aw•tC.h, end POw er c: ebfe to dttves t2�00
ELEKTIIA HO·
. S IHII"'' duty vers ion of 0·5 poco ago IDOvl) t�oo
fLfKTII A IHD·S (Super hea vyduly P owers t W IO>Challer ono I ftoppy) t7500
$' nbbon col>lo t or dua
l S 11• · d •sk dr •- 0000 fAit ol our sonwere •• cooyugh-ttd and all ngnts are 'eMf� SoYrc:ett lilhef IUPOI!oed
f.LEKTIIA D4 Oval drt .. cabinet, pow• ""pply PI ctblo for tl" dr1V111 �00 Of opl.onaMy l¥81la� M exttl CCKt SOtP\al1he pUret\e.., c..Ar'l tftOdilfy OUf ptogtlml fOf
"- col>lo lor-· r d '" Gr.... �00 tn1 OWr'l uM lteent.no now-ever •• requtred tor commera.tt r� l
G<X.D tO PIN CONNECT Oil S ( Spooc t ly milo w/oquore ptnl or fernall l ·� lurE�� MOD EM PIIOOIIAM
TIN tO PIN CONN ECT OilS ( Spoo
ly malo w/equoro P'N or Iamott) 0� Smote ch.arKtet command a lor •�mplc.tty
t adll ence notiCe
• end tnV"en\OfY ate tubftet tO Cl\a_nge WithOu
Prtee Hatdwate lncMQenOent �No llllet"rupc_a teQutred) AAurnts moc:tem • conneel edto an
T h•t ad • our catlf oo MC6150 ,_,., tnterlaca) ono ,,. oontrOI term•nal 11 oonnected to ., Mcee50 (or
MC6820 When uled w ll h lhO •IdeO v�11on ol GMXBUG'1
WAIININO AM ChiCago Compullf Cent• dOeS not p<OVIOI ropoor or dlagnottiC 1r1nsm• t manuaMy to d•SIIr'lt computer
..,.,.. for c ullomer a uombllld � 111 MA Chte ogo Compu t er Canter dOll warranty
and tnllntaln etYlce for OYr asurnt>led bOirds The cu110met thOuld c11efullyta ke Into Tr1nam11 dltk f•les (teat) ol any tenotn to d•lllnt computet
l
consJcseteu '
on the small dttlerenllaJ MP•re tlng our "' and ass m
e bled Q t iees wr.on
mak�ng hiS c hOIC • o l purchuo :=:c·::p::�:��!������:,;!:::��:�=��::·
� .7.::.:n:�.�:e:.:
computer memory
=·��� r�=:. c.o:,:: -:u:m::;�·h��co�=: �'::
bEM
on tended tor o ppliC atoono where � t1 thl roopon11111111y 01 thl p,,,,... r to
Tilted lor lull duple• -ltiOfl at SPIIOS up to 8600 Dlud (CRT termonal must bl
._.,.. o l operotong at • 1:>-.d rate 1\oghlr thin thO ono thO modem os operated at 1
�ll wttn suttabte """" OfY dtS
llnttgt ete theM c II. contr otf-"1 dt •vet and
HaJI dvP"• oott<W" tf"' CAM d•stant comQU"tet down t echO
olh VO termlftlla 10 f
IOfl woro along w orm -'oong comc>ut• oyo�ems
EChO oP'IOf\ 10 uHf ean aamu&ate • hme thattng ayatem CSue>et MOdem Ptogtatn
AAA CHICAOO COWUTEJI CfHTEII dotsn I 5UPPOf1 auto-anaw• bUt me source'' ptoYided tor t"'M .ndfwdults wno wt�n
120CHESTNUT LANE o W HEELING. IL 80080 '
to lclepl our p<ogoom 10 """ spocoal-. 1
C 3t21 �e-ot50
TeChniCal eonsullatoon .... ta!M 4 PM to S PM moat weo�oays Cl- •
...,,ngo ano
�:�=l¥� ....... CR/Lf (user PPIIOfl) too thOle UI"'CI hml lllarong SytiMIS lllat oon t
-� -s Sk>w dts" ftle trensm.t blted on cnerKtet -.e�tlic.altOit (Pfut uwr tnl l.,ktd Umk1g lOOP•tf
necessary) tor u1e on lime •hafi"O lyttems to whiCh Clttk hlea eennot be sent at IPMdl
T E IIMI Monlmum orcle o S20 00 Sho ppon g and handling 1111motes within thlContinenta l
suggestiO by th o bluO ••••
U S . add 31M. (MINIMUM S2 �� llhnois ruldenll edd � oaleltU We will rolund your
Please apoco ty 6800 or�. SS B or FLEX�. S or 8'
over1111matod oll lpP<ng ano handling Charges Foroion shipptng end nandlong,oo o tOOl.
( MINIMUMSIOOO ) �or ..gnorderl ,.,.. ll lll pr-ld ln U S dOllars Ho iVylo r-' gn •
IOml Manoal and dltk wotn bOth source .,d OO!ICI cooe S7�00
woll bl llh lp IC1 P-. p/lCIM bel- • PM ano 6 PM woo
pood air lrooght c OI I \a.ys lf STAHDAIID MODEM PIIOOIIAM
lfiH rogardong shipp tng 1- MuterCharge, Vooa. ano A .- """ hpr111
Same a Su- Mooern Prognom abovebut wotnouoECHOOP'oon CRI\.F '"'est optoon
quotiOI\t
i
honored
-cult hlo transmtt optoon nor X·on/X-011 opt- Rocopton old'" hlos 11 llmrted to
lhcllo smal enough 10 cornplolttly I • w>trun 11\1 r_..ng OUtler
�:r:c::�-..= ::::::..:.:.n::t�:��":��':.n":"!.�.:
of our .,...,ory ano .,...,.. mok11 � unoconomlc:llto pulllll!l a catalog Our eels are PIHio opoctfy 11800 or�. SSB or FLEX- 5 or.-·
• h thng 1nd n
,
lntenOed to Mn'l ttwll purpOM Pncet and tnwtn1ory are IU� 10 cnanve wtChOut M1nu.t w1th tntttUC1.0nt a
� uc w c:natt, disk wnn
o
bOtn source and obtK't c.
ocM 14500
..,..,..,.,...,.
M1nual w.th •nattvehoftl source Hsung. 1nd Uow c.nan 2500
11/IIIIIIDIIYU tnoo o 2hlldS ,,..., lllppy 2 hlldl 21\aads MANUAL AUTO AUT().ANS
CDC coc MPI Siemens MPI OUME MOOfMI (Dr U.l. llobo*•l
ANS�: AN�� AUTOD I A L
�.1:� ��:��� 22500 moo 26000 32500
4�oo
3�00
s-t/ 4 ", eo track s HIA 37500
2�00
32500 33500 �00 �:�o.n��/�r.:tc�;,r:,·��� •91100
e Manual ( Spooc l ly oo or eo track l HIA
ServiC
r . 11 triCks OSIOD Oumo
2000 »oo
=��i��p�r.i� .���:.":"'' �=: m: HIA
tt8 00
s�oo
300 Baud (30 CPII. ICOUIIIC N/A HIA
Sort..,. Manual C Oumo D T -tl 0000

THESE ADS ARE OUR CATALOG

8 '68' Micro Journal
 GIMIX CLEARANCE SALE ALL GIMIX ITEMS MUST GO!

All Mw GtMIX •tom a 201to oU tost pne.a wMeaupply testa CSMour aa'" the Aprot •a•u• Tne tollow.ng u.Md uom.s are '"' peffect work ing eonothon
ot the MICRO JOURNAL tor lilt priCongl Some ottmJ ,.y be Clrop ahoppeel by other 32K GIMIX mommyt>oarda $17S.OO. GIMIX CPU
6800 t>oa1da SI2S 00. GtMIX ChiSltl
Iormor GtMIX doa ter1 Irom $4S0 00 10 SSOO 00. GJMIX 6A X 16 •1<100 I>OIIdl $100 00, GIMIX 80 X 24 •ICIOo
1>011<11 wtth ella ra
eto• generators S2&0 00

SMOOTH'"' Software SPEOALS

ALl iN ONE
EcMOt � Te.xt Procuaor • Mathng Lebeola
Madlng ltall • UM any CRT term�nal and pronter 3�00
5<19500
!�:.au���!� "flnC:,: i.:
' d
�� �� �:v':,':'��� c�:,'&,· ����·g,��:;::�����f.:����� Cell
inMrtion), ovefstr•k• (fOf aolectod daJk&t' text),Pflnt,restart, set top, u noerhne. up,&nd
""'Y
Supporta Te1t ProceNing commend• auc;h as blOCk eopy blOC-k move. �entoung
marg1n JuatlttcaUon (widen and natrow), pagtng. and tabbing
M•lne ltlta MCil.abtola. UH tf'e aame ma Hmg lllt d•lk hie (wt1n protecloc:t area•) tor
I>Oih,. , ling labels and IOPIII leloe11 Repeat teners 11e peraonetty aG•essed each to
peraon or ae�tctd pwsona on IM tnatltng Uti
Moll Pow•t1"'fleH.,ulertouod ln anyod•tOf Apponoone hlototneono ot anot her, or
o
:�S:
\ ������e!'�r� ��:g:��:.:�e:!:1.a��·e:r����"���\orb:,;�' :;:=,·•�:
ptOduce output Illes wnen not deslreo O.te1:e <ltJtrc Met rtom the ecJUOf"
�ll&ollwaro
Pnn\tof commanda. Control characters Gin be aenl t o lhtt P""''" tor torm11 conuol
etth•r dir�tty uom the eonttol terrl'llnal or oy •mbecldlng tr,em '" tne ttltt Tht aet MICROBUG (2K, 6809 8at>y HUMBUG t>y Peter Sll•o 3000
command contllns lnterracelntltlhtlhon and enar ac-ter output roullnet t o auppon tM •K 6809 HUMBUG 7500
d •K 6800HUMBUG (RAM needod at SAOOO lnd $00001 6SOO
�:::�.��.�����:�;:��:n:� ���:::� r ::;�·:�:.:� to",�:r:
��:�:rs·� 2K 6800 HUMBUG (Wtlh CAIIIttliO lOAD and PUNCH) 4000
•" re ea Ed•tor 2K 6800 HUMBUG (htrl command• tnllead ot Clllttlte aollwarel 4000
� :4�
o �'
: ::S� ��·::.rnnt81 aottw• routtn Othef HUMBUG versions tncludmg v•deo vett.lona are aviJiable
�!����:=�����8,!:;
17854
Editor IJiowa exulng 10etther rne moniiOtor DOS an<' tn., teenter (Wa rmStart, wtti\out �'!·� �·;.�t �·�:,!'�1�rk 75II
comma O as no f e•
��.! , �g���:�o1d"��&·.��·, AU-In--One, Spell n Fut and Wtt10 n Spetl package 25000
=��'�"Pn rn!":tt:r .![��:�he��� Oyna mue D•saNemblot 6000
The Edttor allowf the u�er to toggle belwt!an lull dupf.. (no echOI and h all duplex 10000
�echo) as needed It responds to commands In bo·tn uppet and towet case and can be ����R1�LE�'?J����'::.;�$�,�;:,k�\�fcl:: t�cfs!v vers•onl 11900
uH<I to cre1.te 81-Mmblc.tl' source eOde and BM•e orogr1ma as well as text
SWTPC
Specoty 6800 or 6800, SSB or FLEX�. 5" or a� 7500
3500 6800 SWTPC FLEX� 011� end monual (Dtlk only 1500) 3SOO
:�:����.:���?���=����e:�� :�x·=���!1 25000 DV. Disk Conlloller CSSIOS, SDI D. � O 11•, 23000
�t��E(2f.1e S ry Boar�o::h oui 12450
&oftw- Oy Toellnlcal Sya'"'• Consultants, Inc. UniFLEX� FlEX­ ���p��� �':� �n���m Prog<
M t •mmer 11050
w/\ rr tnnl
MP..S 2 Ouat Pon Set•al 120 MP·l2 Ouet Port Parallel
00 12000
DOS (Includes Editor ond -mblerl 5SOOO tSOOO MP·N Catc:utator BOIHd (kill MP�N (euembleel) 9200
Echtor Of A.ts.omblftf
SC 95
sooo MP·T lnlel(uPI lime. MP.o!l 2M Hz 6800 CPU Board
9200 29500
68000 Cross -mt>ler on 6800 30000 2SOOO
6800 Cro10 Al�embta< on FLex · · U tohtl et
6800 or 6800 10000 SftiOitt Signal B•oadcaellno
Toxt Proceuor or Soli/Merge Paelltlge or 6800 FlEX'• uutotoet ISOOO 7500 DC�A Double Density Conuolle< Board to• s· and 8 wolh OOS 5<900
EJttendeCIBaJI<: 20000 10000 SSB DOS C SI>ee•t y 6800 or 6800 BFO or OC�A. s· or 8") 75.00
BasiC Procompolor (spoc:tly sllnellld or e•tondedl ISOOO sooo SE92JSA 92·S (6809EdtVAum !01 OOS) 6905
PasCAli 30000
. 20000 SSB Monitor (Spectly Sf7E81
680015809. $80081SE006 7500
7500 7500 SSB versoon ot FLEx• jwnhoul Edllo• and A..em�r) 1SOOO
=�=:�� ��.;:�•:G���::!oooor 17500 ISOOO lMB•IA Motneri>OIICI 39900
3SOOO 27500 SCB-60 5809 CPU Boerd
�:�;:� ���u�..!�::,C:�';�,;�::'e':'�t.�k������e':i""'1 •sooo 37500 PAR·I Ouot Po•t P•••ttet Boa•d
39900
8900
CObOl 7SOOO soooo SER·2 Duet Port Serial Boa•d wnn 2 Cables 12900
loftwere '' Mlcr-ere .... fl,.,e U!l'ate
SOurce MaRuet D�ect Choel90 6CK Computer System
Cl\lel 9524 6AK Compute• System wllio OS-DT·OD 5" FO
219$00
432500
Ira•-· c..,. l'ec:h..
OS·&· l""et One Operatmg Syllem
os-g� l.. et Two Operating System
7500 40000
7500N/A
:, ·� ·:oo�
·
•ooo soooo
SIIIIC Memory Boerds M·I6-X
Oynamoe Memory Boe•ds M·128·X
M·24•X
19500
M·2S6-X 129500
99500
Mo32·X 211500 30500
M·512·X 1895 00
BASICOII� 100 00 7500N/A 2500 20000
OS-8� Macro TeAl Ednor 30000 1500 12500 SMOOTH and ElEKTRA 110 tra�marks ot AAA Choc:ago Compute< Center
os.g• lnlt!fiCUvo A.uembler 30000 1000 12500 FL£X and UntFL.EX ''' tt•dematlcl ot Tec:hnK:aJ S stems Consultants. Inc
OS·� lnteracll•e Debugger CD"'k •era10n1 10000 1000 so00 � p
CIS CObOl Compiler
100
•OO SO
100
00 00N/A
NIA
eooo 90000 g:;;.�n!:�·�g�� !:: �=:::�st,�d�����r Gf:i �.t��or
Pucat Comptlel 00 00 •ooo coooo CP/M •• a reog•ttereo trademar._ ot O•g•t•l Reaea.ch Inc
Mtcrowore y 1upport aer•ICe ( $
..1ty 200 tor OS- 9 l .. el 21
00 7500 UOA a regllle<od trademarll ot Zllog Inc
11

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YOU CAN BUY! - THE ELEKTRA SFC
t • u p to tou' 5 1/� " drwoa a.nd four
Coni t o 8"' oa foe a total ot e.tght syatom dt•vea tor
drt v tnput buHera tor d•lk dr we ••onela Soflwlle ¥ffll8 ptOIOCI eonlfol l ntet rupt/0118
both 6800 and 6809 y t s
a s � {flEX aottwate haa 1 buill tn l1mrt of a sy atem max of tour R eQ uest enable conttOI. 12 o p. tton IU fftC)et areas to select just Ihe rtgtu co mbii'\Jtlor� ot
drl•ll) lmp•oveel p rog•ammed lnputloutput (PIO I tnte•t•ce that a llO ws 11ngle end hatdware featute l 1 0 1"1\lteh your drives and sottwa re PfO'tliekts many s.oparate O ptiOn
double <1en11ty Inch ope11hon 11 1M Hz on I>Oth 6800 ane16800 systems Allo
5 wa arngte .
Clenslty8 1nch operll lon at IMHt ln t>oth 6800 and5809ayotoms Allowsi>Ot hstngle and �:C�':��:o� 11';;h0:� ��;: :���:J:���.�:�g��s'::"�:�!P':'n:e:�
dOub.. dent tly operatton of bOtn 5 • n cha n d 8•ncndr•v .. at 2M Hz tn both6800and8&09 dd r .. set per 1101 dec:o
a hng
c: f shnQ c::o nuoUers 10:l'd dOubfe
Ideal re:ptacemen1 or eac
ayat�• wit hout alow dftoilce dteultry Ha,oware 1nd aot1ware eo mpeubfe wlt t\e• l.th ng dens••Y dill ftorogt and 8 InCh d<•• • CA!Pibilny Dta
� drhle< tohwar e ond dial.
SWTP C DC·1 ANO type conUOll•rt ContrOlt •irtullty any I IOPPY dill< yo t cuue111 aottware Get
::u�r u
DC-2, OC-3
dtlve. any ml• of dri ve site, reeord1n9 aens•ty trac-k dens.tty, numbet o 1atdel motor
eon trot. wltn Of wlt hout r.t:ad load sof6notda, Including t he new Mbyte 5 t nch dtl wM
2 ;::,.n::!:f���: ������:��J�c!·�=�·��

Analog phase lock.� tOOQ dat:a aeparetcwa tor maxtmum refiabtl!ty Pr · Q'tt jCS.s a.eparate £UKTAA SFC SUpo< floppy Controller IOSMrnoteCI oneltellelel nsooo
ad tuatmenl s tor 5 lt\Chand 8 neh csrlvos . Analog w nte prec o mpens.at•on etrcul l wllh
i Otsk wttn dtlwera l.nd formatltng utdthes S3000
tepatlte tdtu.JI,.ntt tor 5 t.nc:tl ancJ 8 lncn df•v-M Oe a.gned to meet tne dati notd
: O $3000
reoulremen11 01 Western Olgllll floppy Cl llk oonUOllor IC Schmllll trtgger h yatoru11 rs� ���:I �l� g;c;�ty; t bOth wuh EO•tOt end Asaembler $1SOOO

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Closed evenings and weekends.
'68' Micro Journal
9

Flex User Notes
Ronald w. Anderson
3540 Sturbridge Court
Ann Arbor, Ml 48105
Clarifications
A f e w months ago I did 11 review of Wlndrush PL9
complier, and 1111d 1 e 11 ren���rk (jokingly, I thought) about
them using the algorithms I published In the November
1 9 8 0 '68' f.Hcro Journal, but not givin g me credit for
them. Windrush wrote me and asked me to look at that
Issue of '68' and tell them how they could have known that
the algorithms were mine. I did dig out that Issue 11nd
l o o k , a n d I f o u n d out what the problem was. The
algorithms were discussed In detail In my column In the
previous <October 1980> Issue, but there wasn't room for
the listings. Don Williams 110ded 11 little note that they
would be published "next month". In the Novem.ber Issue
they were added to the end of my column, but there was
no reference to them what011er anywhere In the text of
that month's column, !not even 11 little "Here are the
listin g s that woul dn't fit last month." note). 1 must
th ere fore agree with the folks at Wlndrush that the
authorship of the scientific functions was not clear at
all. They have added 11 credit to their listings and we
are 1111 hiiPP.Y• If ""' remork caused anyone to thfnk that
I was Implying that Wlndrush had done anything wrong by
using those functions, I'm sorry.
Editor's Note: We here at 68 MICRO JOURNAL regret that
this occurred <our ommlsslonl. WINlRUSH Is a company
that has dealt most fa irly with our readers and we
appreciate their fair and honest policies. We have
neYer received a complaint concerning their products or
customer satlsfact fon! Should any a<lvertlser desire to
' q u o t e ' from 68 MICRO JOURNAL, a simple letter will
normally get favorable results. So I f you desire to
rep rint or use s omethin g fr0111 68 MICRO JOURNAL 11 simple
letter wIll normally gel" approval. We do want' to know·
y et1 we might also m'lss 11 'credit', If so, we want to kn�
thaT also.
Along that II ne, any listings published In this column
are understood to be public domain. I hadn't reallv
thougtlt muctl about any one using them for commerctol
p urposes before, but that doesn't change anything.
Ttley are still for anyone to use who wants fo use them.
I do appreciate users Including 11 credit line for the
source.
Wh lie on the subject of WI ndrush, let me say that 1
tlave had continuing correspondence wlttl them regarding
PL9. They tlave won my ali time award for thorougft
answers to trP( questions, criticism, and suggestions for
enhancements. Some folks have sent me software for
t e s t i n g a n d r e v i e w , and then ali but Ignored any
correspondence about ttlat software fr0111 me. Ttle folks
at W lndrush are definitely not In that category. In
response to my questions, they ha��e fixed two bugs and
made several clarifications to their manual which was
pretty good In the first place as software 11111nu8IS go.
Since writing the review updllte, I tlave hlld "chance
to use PL9 In fhe latest version, rather extensively.
I've translated some non-trivial programs fr0111 Pascal
which Is 11 rather easy exercise and found PL9 to be
more code efficient ttlan the best Pascal compiler that 1
have. Some of this Is due to being able to edit some of
the library functions and only Include what Is needed for
a given program. What Is more Impressive Is the single
step a n d very rapid compile operation. When I am done
wit h 11 PL9 program, I have the library flies, of course
but on ly two flies that are specific for " given progrllm'
the original source file and the bina ry file. Compilation
was VE RY fast, and If the complier ca tches errors It Is
e a s i l y put I n t h e c o - r e s i d e n t editor mode so 11
correction ma y be 1111d 1 e quickly and the file re complied
without aborting the c0111pller- loading the editor ­
editing the file-- exiting the editor -- and re-loading
the compller.
Contribution Records
UDRI sent me their DBM for the Color Computer and
their Contributions Package <the latter at my request>.
Last y e a r , I kept t h e r e c o r d s f o r my c h u rch's
c o n t r i b u t i o n s , and p repared statements for tax
purposes for all contributors. At the time, I wrote my
own software In BASIC, and though It worked, there were
10
several lnconY&nlences In It that I would change If 1 used
It again. Since I now have the UDRI package 1 em going
to use It this year, lind I've pr0111lsed UORI 11 review after
I've used It for 11 while so that I em familiar with It fr0111
first hand experience In actual use. 1 will be sending
c
omments suggestions, Md reports on any bu s 1 find to
UDRI, ana1 wllf revlew the package g
In"few months ' after 1
get well Into using lt.
One thing I like about It already, Is that It uses
Random flies. Mine had used Sequential f lies which
presented 11 few problems, as In the case of the Slllll8
contributor making multiple contributions on 11 given
Sunday. Once a record was updated for a Sunday, If was
w r l tten to the new sequential file end it was not
possible to update It again In 11 strelg�tforward 11111nner.
Spectral FLEX
If you are a regular reader of 168', you have most likely
relld Bob Nay's column and seen t h e short reviews of
Steve Odnea ' s FLEX sold b_y Data Comp, and FrMk Hc:?gg's
Implementation of FLEX. The third supplier of FLEX for
the CC, Is Spectral Associates of Tec011111 WA. They have
" few wrinkles on FLEX that I should mention h ere.
S p ectra l' s version of FLEX may be run on 11 RS converted
32K color computer without opening the computer and
voiding the warrantee (onl y If all the memory happens to
consist good 64K ctllpsl by means of 11 little adaptor
board t h e call 11 supercharger. This board plugs Into
the Inter {ace slot and It contains a connector Into
which the disk Interface Is plugged. That Is, this board
Is put between the Interface lind Its connector In the
CC Ttle superchar�r brings about the access to the
additional memory. Spectral supplies 11 test p rogram
•
called RAMTEST that will tell you If all the memory Is good'
Md If It Is, you tlave 32K of free memory.
Ra p I d deYelopments In the CC haY& caused conslderable
compllcatlon t as evidenced fr0111 ttle following quote fr0111
the Spectral �Manual.
"Version I .26 of FLEX+ contains 11 Y&rslon of FLEX+
which will function without 11 supercharger. This file Is
called FLEX . N O S and It must replace t h e current
FLEX S Y S l n order to become the resident operating
s stem upon power u p . To do this you must first DELETE
•
FrEX.SYS a n d finally Lll« FLEX.�YS. (I think they mean
FLEX NOS here) You will then have 11 versIon of FLEX+
which does not require a supercharg er . It will work on
•
all TOP System 100 computers end TARDY revision F or NC
Color Computers. CAUTION- this Y&rslon of FLEX+ will not
support Printer spooling."
"Version 2.0 of FLEX+ Is 11 stock version which does
not require 11 supercharger to function. It Is limited
as described above and contains a file called FLEX.SUP
which may be converted Into 11 supercharger dep endent
o p e r a t ing system < c a p a b l e o f print spoollragl llS
descrIbod aoOYe."
Sounds a bit complicated. One p oint that may haY& you
wondering Is the mantlon of p rinter spooling. Standard
FLEX liS (t WIIS sup plied for the 6809 systems on the SS-
50 bus t had 11 printer spooling feature. You would run
the ouTput of the text processor or the assembler to a
disk file with the extension .our, and then you would
Invoke ttle PRINT C()I!IIMnd and tell the c0111puter to print
that file. The system would start the printer end giY8
you the +++ FLEX prompt so you could continue using the
computer with the 'rrnter running In the "background".
You had to have 11 flmer board Installed In the computer
to suppl y Interrup t signals so that the printer could
run as 11 b��ekground task.
Apparently, Spectral has figured out how to put the CC
Into this mode, and It works rather well, just like the
or I gl n a l SS-50 v e r s i o n . P r l n t e r s p o oling Is 11
convenience If you want to continue to use the computer
f o r s o m e t h i n g e l s e while printing 11 long listing .
H owever It does not operate without 11 penalty. While 11
disk Is oel, ng accessed to get another sector's worth
of
Information, the terminal essentially goes dead. If you
are 11 touch typist and are typing along dumping text
Into the com p uter a s I am doi ng now, you will probably
f i n d t h a t the c o m p u t e r h a s Ignored 11 couple of
characters 8Y8ry tlma the disk was accessed. If you are
just editing a source file for 11 program and have your
eye on the screen, you won't have much p roblem when
runnin g In this mode, but fast typists stlould be advised
that tl\ere are some drawbacks. At any rate Spectral
FLEX Is the only ...erslon offering printer spooll�g.
What's the Difference?
Perhaps It Is about time here to compare the three
'68' Micro Joumal
versions of FLEX thet ere evelleble for the CC. First It
should be seld thet They ere eboot 95% ldentlcel. Thet
Is they ell work. The')' ell heve The shnderd FLEX
ut�llties supplied by TSC. However, eech hes some
feeture or other thet sets It epert from the others.
Spectre!, es mentioned ebove, hes the printer spooling
feeture, end the possibility of use wiThout modifying
your older cc.
Det& Comp hes e couple of feetures not found In the
other two. They h&ve e utility celled DISKEX thet lets
y ou exemlne the dete In e disk sector, 110d even ch110ge
I t l f you so choose. D.c. hes e set of three utilities
th&t &llow you to move flies beck end forth between RS
formetted disks end FLEX formetted disks. RSREAD will
reed e RS blner y file to I! FLEX disk <essumlng you hl!ve
two drives). RSCVBIN will convert that file to e stenderd
F L E X blnery file. It mey be run In FLEX, modified,
d l s essembled, etc. A FLEX blnery file mey be written to
a RS disk with the RSWRITE utility. I would Sl!'f thet D.C.
FLEX h e s the e d v e n t a g e for more ex p e r i e n c e d
p r o g r e m m e r s w h o w e n t t o p o k e eround In the RS
operetl ng system end p erheps write softwere to run on
the CC In the RS operet lng system.
The FLEX from Frenk Hogg Leboretory hes some very
nice softwere conflguretlon cep eblllty. You cen set up
the system peremeters most flexibly of the three systems
using FHL's SETUP utility. For exemple, you cen set up
the p rint er output routine so thet it supplies the
ll nefeed efter the cerrlege returns, which ere required
b y e printer set up In the non-euto llnefeed mode
(standerd In FLEX> or you CliO set up the printer routine
to suppress llnefeeds <stl!ndl!rd RS system model. If you
went to run 11 rlnter ALWAYS on your CC, you would
probebly set i f to the Auto llnefeed mode so It would
work with the RS operating system, end configure the
p rint routine In FLEX to fhe "R" mode (Redlo Sheck).
You could then move beck end forth between the systen�s
without hevlng to reconfigure the printer, which In the
cese of the EPSON Involves removlng four screws !!nd
op ening the cese to get et the DIP swrtch to ch110ge the
LF mode.
FHL FLEX elso ellows conflguretlon of the disk drives
with reg e r d to number of trecks sides, !!nd stepping
rete end confi g uring the termln��l with regerd to severel
different h la h resolution formets, ell o f which Include
choice o f "" h l t e on b l e c k " or "bleck on white"
cherecters.
lncldentl!lly, ell three systems support 11 51 cherecter
by 24 IIne screen for met wl th bleck letters on 11 light
beckgroond (normelly bei ge>. Due to l l mltetlons of color
CRT's, ell work best In that mode with the color turned
down s o thet the dlspll!y Is essentlelly bleck end white.
All three also supply en editor for use with FLEX. FHL's
of f e r i n g Includes 11 more cepable editor then the
s t e n d e r d T S C one t h e t comes with the other two
systems. All three supply 11n assembler.
So, there you heve l t . One or the other of these
systems might l ust hi!VB thet one feeture thet you reelly
"need". They efl work very well.
Epson Converter
A few months ego I mentioned the PQsslblllty of 11 very
low cost s erlel to perellel converter to run en Epson on
the cc. Cley Abr��ms sent me e design the schemetlc for
which Is reproduced here. I've bullt e couple In whet I
might cell 11 "poor men's version". The Motorole 14411 Is
rether expenslve, es Is the crystel. I heve substituted
a 555 timer <:55 cents). The 555 Is a very steble timer
IC. It Is only es steble, however, as the perts used In
the timing circuit. Build this using e ceremlc cepecltor
end e cerbon composition resistor, end I guarantee thet
you will elw��ys be "twellklng" the frequency. You must use
a "film" cepecltor et leest e myler type such es the
Cornell Dubller type WMF, and prefereble one of the Mylar
Polystyrene low tempereture coefficient ty pes. Then you
must use 11 wlrewound or mete! <tin oxide) fllm resistor
and e wlrewound trim potentiometer. The values shown
ere for e 16X clock for 600 beud <9600 HZ). The CC
outputs to Its printer port et 600 beud unless you POKE
the counter location with other velues.
W e b u lit one of t h e s e , s e t Its period wlth en
oscilloscope, connected It end It ren. The AY5-1013 Is
t
evalleble from most Redlo Sneck stores In e 5 110lt single
suppl'f version for eround $5.00. The most expensive
p ert Is the connector for the EPS ON at eroond $7. The
Epson manual lndlcetes thet pin 35 Is "pulled up" to +5
volts. It was en eas y metter to modi tv the Epson boerd
to connect the 5 vo lt supply directly to that pin end
power the Interface from the Epson with no problem.«
'68' Micro Joumal
encountered. The 5 volt only version of the AY5-10l3
from RS of course ellml nates the requirement for -12
volts. Should you went to run the lnterfece et 11 h lgher
b e u d r e t e , u s e I! c o r r e s p ondingly smeller timin g
cepecitor. For exemple, for 1200 beud, use e .005 Mfd
cepecltor, etc.
Should you be 11 "disbeliever" In RC timing circuits, go
eheed end use the crystel end the 144JJ,
More on Disk Drives
A few months ego I mede some comments on the use of e
couple of 80 treck double sided drives with the CC, as
thou gh there were no p roblems whatever with simply
purchasing two such drives end using them. There Is 11
SLIGHT problem with thet. All of the software for the CC
Is supplied on 40 treck (35 treck for RS disks) formet.
I w e s speeklng e s 11 p erson with severe! 6809 FLEX
computers eroond. I have evalleble two 40 track double
sided drives, two 35 treck s ingle sided drives, end 11
couple of 8" double sided ones, end I cen therefore
usuelly copy e disk In eny formet to eny other. Worst
cese I cen Jug gle drives , and put one of the 35 or 40
trecK, ones on the CC to boot up FLEX. It Is en easy
metter from thet pol nt, to copy FLEX to e new system
disk on the 80 treck drive.
The RS system elwl!ys uses 35 trecks, single slded end
double density. Since the system doesn't l<.now the f the
drive Is double sided end 80 treck, It will formet the
first 35 trecks on the first s l de1 of the disk In the 80
t r e c k double sided drive. NoT very efficient, but
comp letelv RS comp etl ble. Again, the trick Is to be eble
to reed the dl sk suppll ea by the softwere supplier.
<Gemes can be bought on cassette, end many m� be loeded
from cassette e n d seved to dlskl. WARNING. Not ell of
the gemes on the market m��y be copied from cessette to
disk by this meens. Some m��y If you know or cen figure
out the load end transfer eddresses. I was pleesantly
surprised to find out thet Spectre! Assocletes gemes
come on a cessette with complete Instructions for
copying them to e disk fllel
All three of the FLEX suppliers hi!VB missed the boet
on one smell point. None allow you to set the disk drives
to t h e d o u61e stepping mode, In which It would be
p ossible to reed e 40 treck disk. I can conceive of e
hardwere solution to the problem e doubler that woold
generate two step pulses to the d (sk drive for each one
received from the disk controller. Such a circuit woold
make It possible to read any 40 track disk on en 80
treck drive, and even boot FLEX from the supplied dl skl
�
f-ld$_)_
. ..... w,...,
,_ ,., .....
=.!:'-
.... .....
,- ... .,_..
.
1.·00'............
.
,..�,...,...,
e.-a.u
f .- C4• S ..._ ,
' · tf )l l#f . :���·
, _ ( U>4 ,....,. ,..
..
""-' .. J.. ,...
----____,1*---r
·-­
,,_ .a.)C.,o
11
 <For those who missed last m o n t h s "show", the">"
•• 1( I ndlcates a Subroutine Entry Location. l
' I lOOOCI 8101
lOOOI """ e"'·
l0006 17'' e?M Bet7 ..., t!9.lll eou 9780
JOIC l"flt>i lOOOtl II!, .lAP
lOOOA u.. 1.106
looor Wt SACl W68 8(81 9067 904"
lOOIO -
lOitt9 1491 •oro etne ".16 _, 9647 96Ct '6".6
9110' %06 IIK I -r 91_,
lOOt I 8981 191111 11&1 l aaoe 9649 He-� - -
-
l OOIO ..,
lOOtr *' f6Cr 9C1
l007 1 161:1 96110
l0077 16(1
lOOlll neo e• 19911 wr aeoo t.o\Cl �r tlOC
lOOlC 1169
lOO� 82C)
l00)9 - 9106 9710
l003A 9089
lOO:!II 19(0
lOOO O '* 1"0
lCIOO I ...
lOO., -·
f••t MAll'S t/aU,.,J, lOOO , .,. oora 91•1 ,., 9161
l00 47 8ACII t""1 11&1I 902, 90lC 90•0 904, 90eft
a.r.. .-c.es ' " " '' .. ..o toee 90C'" 9009 -1 91ot 91 lo[ 9100 . .Ot
91(1 9t<C 916)
c.•rH•t.. l0044 Ill! n� IA 9t 809< IAII-0
lOOOI --
lOOIO ar•r
lCIOOT 1)9A 8)88 ..,o .." .... 18.. 19), 902)
91CO 0101 91:06 9tDA 9<0 ""
tt0t 9U' 972'>

COLOR User Notes

l­
lOO" 1610 .,, 911)
lOO" ll'tt e:ote ll{r "" - -.z III(C ar•o
109 1(11 9719 9110
l�) 17(0 11!0 .,., 9 7 11
Robert L. N8'f
l�· I"' ueo n:JC "" wn .-r6
5900 CAssandra S.lth Rd. l-1 .... IAA1
l-2 noc
Hixson, Tn. 37}43 l-) .. .
l-1 110• 170 - 88ft)
l006C 161!0
Pert 2; CROSS REFERENCE for ttMt Color Colput.­ l­ 111) U18 8186 1:195 ""' WD ltU ICAI
IClt e,_..-t
EXTDI)ED BASIC ReM l0010 .a:- teN �r
lOOn �
l0018 118'1 11" IC6A
Lest mon tl'l we p r lnted a Cross Refere11ce Listing for l0010 1291 IIC<! IOOC
the L-1 1, Ver. 1.1 BASIC ROM; tl'lls we are pro.rldlng the l0014 1004 IOOA
lCOlC ,..
sa111e tl'l I n g for t h e EXTENDED BASIC ROM. Aga111, It Is l0010 IHI 1.16)
lOOlt ll411 en, ecu IC(6
fairly c0111plete. Notable exceptlolls are tl'lat there are lOOIA lOlA UAC l))r ICeA IQH IOC) - 99((
several locations wlthlll the EXTENDED BASIC ROM wl'lere an o..or 9A12 9CII6 90el 9092 -• 90''
l0090 leAl
Indexed JSR o f f of the U, Y, or S register Is 111ade <at ,. L009'" .,,, !11'"1 UtA 1)71 - tlH e80A lltr
$9�65, S9�E2, S9�FE, S99EC, S9A05, and S9�EF to ���entlon ...c .. ,. ll'IOr e91o nn - .... 19C)
I..CO le09 Ill!) ICH IC62 1C6C IW"C• t>tC
some of tl'leml. Also, S9A12 JSR's llldlrec:t from S0009. • 1• � ' " ' taro • ••
1))0 I""C 161:6 t!91C IIAI6 IAil IA1II lilt 1
T h e r e a r e 11 few locations wl'lere the Disassembler
•" 1:11 IIC8C ar,. llll2 ... � ,,..a
Interprets a �re ISSSS as a Lebel; there are s-ral not � n9t -.c 9t11 9116 990) KCC
9r()
1 n last 1110nths II stl ng, also. I:ICO 110C U9t IIAA t162 8811 - eec;,
IICA 1111(( IIACI Wll W• 1618 1821 18))
9C.l<l �)· 9Clll
Note especially t h e "Labels",, the SAOOO thru SBFFF lOCW" t10l W9
area; these. are tl'le locations where EXTDI)ED BASIC Is lOOI!n 102 " e•n
l0ot7 "" "9A -· -· 90,
uslllg Rout111es wlt?lln the BASIC's ROM. Though they are lOot) , ., 9,7 "AO 9646
not "DOCUMENTED• locatlolls for "External Access" by le>!'e• .,.,, 911rr 99tO
l00105 9.ll\OO'IA1-
Radio Shack or Microsoft, they will have to remain firm or l0086 9191 t>10 t>lC UU 9491 UK 9l0t -C
9t4) WI 0119 t ltO -l tuo<
BOTH ROM's would have to be replaced during updates, n:10 "lo\ 9t,.- - - WD
l001'1
etc. The TOP-100 uses the s- ROM set, so Programs lOOM """ tn• •x• 0640 _, _,.
l008A 97Ail 91<:9 ., ,. -P o
u r � -.. - l
written usl11g these locations would work on either lOOI'C 06Y 9'1"' 9(>( C 91 40
machine. The other "similar" Computers <Dragon, etc.), l� .,.,, tJtO '"' �uoc ��� .... 94u tur
94� 'n06 9'* O,U �tt ••tr 9701 9944
DO use different ROM's; how about some of you readers In "'' ...,., � 090' 0\lf"O O£or wo•
E11gland, etc., letting us know how dtfferefttl .,., 9781 97::0 9107 9 :�1 t iC•
9)9) 941C 94)1 04)7 94()( 9019 •••• 9�
"" 9)18 "" .-;v. 9111 910C 9(01> 9(1)

FInally, there a r e NUMEROUS JSR's and Internal JM>'s 9'�

lOOCO .,.,. 91C6 ..,. ""' tr�
within BOTH the Extendeo and Regular BASIC ROMs. This lOOCI 9))) ._ 9618 0611
l00C7 9:166 9,.-l 9,.0C: OtrA 9C11C 'ICC• 9([1)
means that -ttt., re NOT Aeloc:ateb• without doing a lot lOOC) 9> A 99:501 9410 947) 944!) 9110 9 ?cl' 9 10)
of "Patching"; why they are written with a mhcture of 9 1{ )9'1{1 tl{t 91(.( 980) "" "" -
JSRs and BSRs, I have N O Idea. I don't see that much
99ca 9tCO 'It 11 tur n t 1 ,.,)9nO 9r"
lOOC4 t ll» t1C6-
difference In the 01110un t of code required. CNeraH, the lOCIC' 930) , .,. 94" 941 1 9110 91DA 910( nro
01f4 91:1, 9r0l 91"41 9rl2 9r1C Wll
ROMs are extremely well written; I feel there was some loot& 911[ -1 ,.,
reason that h a s escaped 1118· Again, some of you "more lOOCl t111 ,,., tlDl tote wee Ktr
l00C11 t:lll6 9)9) tl01 -6 9(11 KID
astute than I" (which does NOT require much astuteness> lOOQ! -· -� ,_ - ,.,, '"'
lOOCO 99CS 9901 9(t1 � tr1A
folks, how about a hint. lOOCI" IIAII loQ6 IIA111 91'1{ te2l te2l "" MlO
KIA tf"Al
8A02 ... . 8A29 91� "" - ""' -6
If there Is enough request for It, we -v publish the 9910 9912 Kn tn�
same thing for the Disk BASIC ROM; let's hear from you. 8914 11990 - - ...,. ..., ..,) -
IC96 ICA) 111:4, 111:69 at:U tr9C WCA VCT
T h e "proJ ac t " now Is Oocu..ntlng the Subroatlne 9H1 tw• 9r61 9r66
,,.. 9liA ,,,
Ent,.les. A lot of you haYe 11 lot of these Chips figured
lAO' lAIC aMI tA6D at:M at:AC at:liO In»
out; send- the �ocumentatlon" and I will pass It on. 91,11( 911C 9112( �1 tCK tcrO 9[19 11011
weo w-n
Vhat we need Is the Register Status upon Entry, what Is -r ten tt:2• 91:20
accomplished, what Is the Register Status upoll exit, and .,.. 1!01 .,, 1626 1642 at:A8 flU( -
IWU ar89 90'11 9UA 91H 91'>6 9nt 9210
which R e gisters are destr<:¥Gd and which must be saved. .,. 94:1( 946) 9911 t92C - - t9Q
tiiCA
_,
T h I s Information will 111 ake It MUCH EASIER to write lDCOe .,M .,,. .,., IA6t BAll "" .-.. eror
Assembly L a n g uage Programs for the Color Computer, .,AJeo•• _, tto2 911• ••,. ""' ,,..
tiOC9911 ,_. 990C 9AII 9A) 9 11M) tAW
because you can use the fundamental Routines that are MOe - ..,.. _,. '111[2 tcU 9CD) talO
already In the ROMs for much of your code. � - KIT W89 9r9t

12 '68' Micro JoumeJ

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'68' Micro Journal 13

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14 '68' MicfO Journal

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'68' Micro Journal 15

 char tpnt;
•c• User Notes pnt = to;
Norm C01m10 •hilelltpnt++ tfroa++l �• --cntl
3 Pryor Road
=

;
Natick, MA 01760 tpnt = '\8';
rtturnltol;
T h i s m o n t h I w o u l d like to go over some string
f u n c t io n s that man y of you might not have In your )
libraries. Peof le w ho do major software projects
Inevitably f l nd hemselves manipulatin g stings In some The lone semicolon efter the �thlle stetement Is no
form or another. A rich library of strfng manipulators mistake. All the �tork Is done In the conditional test.
Is certainly an &sset In those times. Cop yI n g the NULL Into s f e t the end Is e n escap e hetch
for the case where the loop Is exited �tlth n o. ==

Most good C llbr&rles will h&ve & few of the b&sic

string operators. These usu&lly Include This example brings out something subtle. At first
glance, the follo�t I ng t�to fragments may eppeer to h&Ye
strlen(sl return the length of s synonymous function.
strcpy<t,fl copy f Into t
strca�(t fl &dd f to the tall of t while <*sl++"' *s2++>
1
strcmp<s•,s2l compere sl agelnst s2
I t has generally evolved th&t the strin g which Is &cted while (*s2>
upon is essed &s the first argument. Think of them &s *sf++ *s2++;
=

"to" and g,
from" or "destination" and "source".
There are several others th&t ere also ��ery h&ndy.
Most libraries Include some but not &II of them. A few I
h&ve not found In the libraries th&t c&me with &ny of the
6809 C comp llers I 'Ye tested to d&te. These functions
Include
They ere not the same. The first exem p le �tould copy all
of s2 Into sl Includi n g t h e termlnel NULL character.
This heppens bec11use the char11cter Is copied 11nd the
pointers upd11ted before the comp11rlson Is m11de. In the
second c11se, by t esting for the end of s2 first' the
terminal NULL Is not copied.

strclr<s,nl clear n bytes of s strncmp() Is simlll!r In th11t It lets you put e limit on
streq<sl s2l test If sl end s2 are equal holt many char11cters are 11ctuelly compered.
strncpy(f ,f,nl copy n bytes from f to t
strncmp(sl ,s2,nl com p are n bytes of sl and s2 /t
strneq(s1 s2,nl tes t n bytes of sl and s2 t coapire no aore than n characters
re��erse<s11 re��erse the characters In s t between st and s2
strlns(t,f,n> Insert f Into t at n t/
strdet<s,n,ol delete n bytes from s at o
strsub<sl,s2> find the position of sl In s2 strncaplsl,s21cntl
char •s 1, ts2;
int cnt;
strclrO Is strelght forward and is nice to h&Ye In {
your library. While most string handlers will lea��e a •hilt lltsl == ts21 •• --cntl
string terminated, you may occasionally need to Insure It {
with this function.
sl++;
/I
s2++;
1 clear cnt chiracters of s, return )
1 a pointer to s returnlts2-.sll;
t/ )
strclr Is,cntl strneq(sl,s2 n) Is slmll11r to streqO except th11t
char ts; strncmpO Is cahed,
1 11nd n Is passed !!long also.
int cnt; ,.
{ • test no aore than cnt characters of
char tpnt;
t sl and s2 for equality
1/
pnt = s;
strneqlsl,s2,cntl
•hilelcnt--1 char tsl, ts2;
tpnt++ = ' \l ' i int cnt;
returnlsl i {
)
if lstrncapls1 s2,cntll
Almost &s s lmple Is streqO. All It does Is Invert the L
logical me&nlng of the value returned by strcmpO. Since return i FAL:;El;
strcmpO returns the difference between the nonm&tchlng rtturn ITRUE I;
ch&r&cters, a zero v&lue implies th&t the strings �tere )
e q u a l . T h i s Is sort of counter to holt C usu&ll y Why reverse() never ended up being c11lled strrevO Is
Interprets zero <as FALSE> so stre q O turns It &round beyond me. I guess the best of con��entlons bre11k do�tn
to m&ke the program 11 little more read&ble. et times. At 11ny r11te, reverse<> tekes a string ��nd
/I reverses the order of all the chl!rl!cters wltli the
exception of NULL �thlch remains et the end.
t test sl ind s2 for equility
t/ /I
streqlsl,s2l • reverse the character sequence
ch•r tsI, ts2; • in s, return pointer to s
( 1/
if lstrcapls1 s2 l l reverselsi
1 char ts;
return IFALSEl ;
rtturn !TRUE l; {
) char thd, ttl, teap;
strncpy() allows you to limit the number of ch&r&cters
actuelly copied Into s l . It might be used to Insure a hd = s;
uniform string size. tl = hd + strlenlhdl - 1;
while lhd < tll
,.
{
t cop y no aore than n charicters
tl!lp = thdi
t of t to f
thd++ = ttl;
.,
ttl-- = teap;
str ncp ylto froa,cntl
1 }
char tto, tfroa;
returnlsli
16 int cnt;
} '68' Micro Journal
{
 The next functions I have not really seen In may C
libraries. I got the bug to code them after reeding on pntl++;
article In one of the ...-
eM <Asso c l o t l o n of Computing fnt2++i
Machinery> journals. The ortlcle seld thot they were
useful Pescel functions end procedures. Well If they're
useful, then they're useful In ony longuege ond that if ltpnt2 == '\I' l
Includes c. returnlcntl;
cnt++;
strlnsO Inserts one string Into another et 11 giYen )
offset. The first cherecter In the string Is assumed to nturnl-lli
h!IYe an offset of zero. )
/t
These functions have ell been tested and work. For
• insert froe into to �t offset, the the most part they should be pretty bullet proof. I
t first position is zero. tried to antlclpete end hondle fhe common error modes
t/ but you might went to think through them yourseiYes jus+
strinslto, froe, offset! to be sure. There I s elso the option of chenglng the
ch�r tto, tfroe; number per11111eters from being "zero besed" to begin "one
bosed". It's your choice.
int ofhet;
( I or l g lnelly wrote and tested most of these functions
int i, j1 len!, ltn2; using for loops lnsteod of while's. I then tried to
complle them with the Word's Worth compiler. In most of
/t split u the dtstin�tion t/ t h e m , I h e d t w o vo r l o b l e s b e i n g l n l t l ollzed ond
r Incremented. It wes strictly 11 no-go sltuotlon. I hed
lent = str enltol; either uncovered o bug or the foct thet the complier
len2 = strlenlfroel; doesn't Implement the complete for I90P syntex. I h!IYe
i = lent; not tolked with them about It so I won't speculote.
j = lent + len2;
•hilt li >=offset!
Just to meke sure thot It wesn•t some stupid little
thing thot I hod over looked, I coded up o quick little
to(j--1 = to(i-l; test cose es follows
/t s�lice in the source t/
i : t;
j = offset; •�in()
while li < len21 (
to[ j ++l = froe[i++l;
int i, ji
returnltol;
) /t CUt 11 t/
for li = t; i It; i ++I
strdeiO deletes o portion of a string. Note that the j += It;
first cherecter Is essumes to h!IYe en offset of ze!"o.
/t /t CUt 12 t/
t delett cnt characters froe s starting for li = j = t; < It; i++, j++J
t at tht offset j +a: IIi
f/
strdtlls,cnt,offsetl /t CUt f3 t/
ch•r •s; for li = tl j =t; < It; i++1 j++l
int cnt, offut; j += IIi
{ )
int len;

len =itrltnlsl;
if !offset + cnt >= ltnl Cese #1 complied with flying colors. Cese 12 felled.
returnlsi; The comp ller expected eltfter 11 semicolon or brocket <I
strcpy I Is + ofhttl 1 Is + offset + cntlI; hoY& forgotten> In ploce of the cOIMill following 1++. Cese
13 falle<l becouse the compiler expected 11 semicolon In
returnlsi; ploce of the comme following 1•0. It olso foiled ogoln
) otter the 1++.
strsubO returns the position of the first occurrence I just wonted to let you know In cose some of you were
of one string within enothe!" string. If the string wes encountering these errors ond thcught thet It might be
not found, It returns an error code of -1. some p roblem on your port. It sure hod me fooled; to the
p o l nt thot I even got out the mester copy of.Yerslon
It 2 .02 es a check.
t return the position of the first occur�nct
• of s2 in sl, or -l if s2 is not found.
WHAT'S NEW
t/
strsublll1 s21 Simply put, very little. I heven't yet receiYed the
char tsl, ts2; Mlc r o w o r e c o m p l i e r ; b u t I expect It shortly os I
{ understand thot they ere now <mld�orch) testin g It In­
int cnt, lent, ltn2; house. I wes so busy this month �ttlng OS9 leYel 1.2 up
on lffo( system thot I heYen't hod o chonce to reelly try out
char tpntl, tpnt2; the lntrol floetlng point peckoge yet.
lent = strltnlslli By the end of summer I llope to h!IYe onother system up
ltn2 • strlenls2li o nd running. This one will eYen be quosl-commerc lol. It
if lltnl < ltn21 will be built up on the SS50 bus ond h!IYe 8 Inch driYes.
I om toying with the Ideo of getting ond outo-onswer
return HI; modem ond enother phone line. Thot would open up the
possibility of lettin g you dlel up ond down loed source
cnt z t; code thot oppeors In the column or depositing COI'IW!Ients
ltnl -• 111121 ond opinions.
llhilt lltnl--l
Next month's column Is still quite embryonic. Thot's o
{ euphemism for the feet thof I hoven't got o clue for
pntl • sl++; whet's next. Till then •••

pnt2 " s2J

while ltpntl •• tpnt2l
(
'68' Micro JOUrnal 17
 'C' second is the exponent.
represent a power of the mantissa,
This does
but refers
not

to the power of two by which the mantissa

FLOATING POINT will be multiplied

value of the number.
to calculate the actual
This corresponds to the
By Allan R. Batteiger
number of bits that the mantissa had to be
and Howard L. Harkness
shifted before it was 'normalized', or
left-justified in the floating point
Floating point math was one of the
representation. To do floating point math
features originally omitted from the Word's
where there is no type 'float•, we must use
Worth Hlddle-C(tm) distribution package.
an array of some other available type large
This was primarily due to the structure of
enough to hold the representation we have
the original 8080 compiler written by Ron
Cain, which would require an almost complete
chosen. For single precision in the 9511,
re-write to add a floating point type and the
this requires 32 bits, or 4 bytes, which can
be either four characters (char float[4];) or
associated intrinsic functions. However, it
two integers (int float[2];).
is still possible to get the use of floating
point even though it is not actually part of
The mantissa is expressed as a 24 bit
the compiler.
fractional value. The exponent is an
unbiased 2's complement 7-bit value with a
This article is the first of a series
describing a floating point library written
range of -64 to +63. 'Unbiased' means that
there is no constant added or subtracted to
especially for Middle-C. The concept of the
the exponent before the value is determined
external floating point library was borrowed
from the BDS C compiler, which is one of the (biased exponents are fairly common in
floating point hardware). The most
most widely distributed C compilers for the
significant bit represents the sign of the
8080/Z80 crowd (mob). The code is adapted
from a similar package originally written for mantissa. Bit 23 must be 1 except when the
the 6800, modified to run on the 6809, value of the floating point number is zero,
interface with Middle-C, and emulate the in which case all bits in the number are
AMD9511. zero. The total dynamic range possible with
this format is +/- 2.7 X 10••-20 to +/- 9.2 X

The 9511 format was chosen because it is 10••18. This should be suitable for the vast
available on several 6809 systems (and majority of floating point applications.
because Allan has one in his system to test
the package against!). Users who are The core of the 9511 emulator is written
thinking of upgrading their systems to use a is 6809 assembly, with the rest in C. In our
9511 (if it ever gets cheap enough) can get next installment, we will present the source
some experience with it ahead of time. Then, code for the core portions (and as much more
when the happy event eventually does happen, as will fit into a reasonably-sized article),

very little, if any, code will need to be and a more detailed explanation of the theory
changed in the applications packages to make of operation. By the time you finish this
them work with the 9511. Although the series, you should be able to glibly rattle
off the buzzwords associated with floating
package was designed for Middle-C, it will
point math, and may even be able to
probably run with any currently available
6809 C compiler with only minor hassles. (patiently) explain the whole thing to your
uninitiated friends.

This packagage includes the four basic AMD qs-11

functions, along with utilities to normalize, FDRM�T
complement, convert, input, and output
floating point numbers. Since the package is SIC.N e:xP :
!oiC.N :
£l(P0NE�T
not 100S complete as of this writing, we may
add other functions that we think of along
the way (suggestions welcome). llti MA�I\.SSA

FLOATING POINT OVERVIEW . . .

. . .

Floating point requires two parts. The

first is called the mantissa, which is the U8 (II)
'significant digits• of the number. The • £l(tEPT f't>R �LOATit-.)4 ?OI�T 'ZERO

18 '68' Micro Joumal

 HOW TO GET THIS PACKAGE computer to "hold It," end "go ahead." If the
computer can deal with XON/XOFF protocol' It wl 1 1
"hold It" whenever It receives an XOFF and "go
ahead" whenever It receives en XON. �
Ther ere quite
Current registered owners of Hiddle-C o few terminals end printers around which run much
better when they ere etteched to e computer which
will be recieving the floating po int package
supports XONIXOFF. It is Interesting to note that
with their free 2.1 update. Note to XOFF (often eel led OC3> Is entered as <CTRL>S end
customers: If you haven't already done so, XON (0Cil Is <CTRL>Q. In order to use this pro ocol t
you've got to find some cherecter other than <CTRL>O
please send your Hiddle-C 2.0, 2.01, or 2.02 to use es the "quit" character. I wonder whether
disks back for the update now. For your Frank Hogg Is going to be able to adjust DyneSter so
convenience, you may send a copy of the It can live without <CTRL>O end <CTRL>S.

invoice and $6.00 ($7.50 overseas) in lieu of

One of the first things I do with e new version
the original disk. of OS-9 Is put together a new bootstrep. There Is
nothing really wrong with the bootstrap thet comes
with the system, but I have my own Device
If you are not a current Hiddle-C owner,
Descriptors and Drivers, end even If I didn't need
you may purchase Hiddle-C 2.02 for $99 now, to, I probably would went to re-generate the
or 2.1 for $110 when it is announced. If you bootstrap just on the principle of the thing. The
modules In the bootstrap ere eutometlcel ly loaded
have another compiler already, and only want
when the system Is booted, pocked efficiently Into
the floating point package, send $17.50 to memory, end mode permanent. It sounds es though, If
Word's Worth, PO Box 28954, Dallas, Texas you hove enough memory, It would be a good Idea to
Include In the bootstrap file el 1 the modules you
75228. However, the published source will
would like permanently In memory. Don't do ttl
probably be short enough that typing it in Modules In the boot file ere not only permenently tn
will not be terribly onerous. storage, they are also permanently attached to the
other programs In the boot. Say you put a P-Code
Interpreter In the bootstrap - when you link to that
module In order to use It, you drag everything else
In the bootstrap along with tt. If you have a 48K

OS9 USER NOTES bootstrap you would only be able to run

which use up to about 12K total. Modules you expect
programs

By: Peter Dibble to link to should not be Included In the bootstrap.

517 Goler House If you Include a utility commend such as COPY, you
Rochester, NY 14620 may find that you can only use o reletlvety smet 1
amount of memory with COPY. The best wey to handle
commonly used commands Is to merge just tess then
I just Instal led OS-9 Level Two Version 1 .1.
some smel I multiple of 4K of them Into a utilities
Flnelly It's not "preliminary" any more. Since OS-9
file end load It using a LOAD commend In the startup
never was very unreliable It Is hard to tel 1 whether
file. Since my system ol locates memory In blocks of
It Is more reliable, but It Is very eesy to
4K, smel I programs like COPY end PWO only waste
appreciate the new utilities. I spent months
memory If they ere loaded by themselves. By
writing a PWO program. It prints the name of the
cot lectlng groups of programs together you use
current date or execution directory. 1 hoped
memory more efficiently, essentially keeping two or
someday maybe I could set I that program. Wei I
more programs In the space normally el located to
Mlcroware beat me to tt. The new versions of os-9 one. If your version of OS-9 el locates memory tn
Include PWD and PXD, Print Working Directory end
different sized hunks, the size of the group of
Print eXecution Directory. They also added a OELOIR
programs should be changed to reflect the new
commend which deletes a directory with elI the files
constraints. Users of. Level One systems don't heve
In It, a commend eelled IDENT which displays
to worry about any of this stuff,
Information about modules In files, a file
comparison utility cal led CMP, end two comm ends
The first time I generated a new bootstrap wes
cal led BINEX end EXBIN which convert a file to and
a little bit Intimidating. It Is Important to
from Motorola standard S-Record format. DCHECI<, the
realize that, provided you ere marginally careful
program which checks disk structure, now seems to
(don't spit I chocolate milk on en Important disk
work correctly, end OSAVE, the command which
constructs a procedure file to copy groups of files,
etc.), the worst you can do Is waste your time. I f
you don 't hove a lot of memory the chance to-remove
hes been substantially enhanced, but Level Two users
unused device descriptors from the bootstrap may be
wit I have to continue to live with numeric error
worth the trouble Involved In running OS9GEN. If
messages. A commend celled PRINTERR, which Is
you wont to change any modules which ere In the
supposed to Instruct the operating system to use
bootstrap (addresses In Device Descriptors for
text error messages, wasn't on my distribution disk.
Instance>, the cleanest way to do It Is to modify
them them with DEBUG, seve the modified modules, fix
their CRC with VERIFY, and build a new bootstrap
An Important new feature In OS-9 Is support for
with the modified modules. A module must be saved
XON/XOFF. The ASCII character set Includes 32
on disk In order to be Included In the bootstrap.
special codes such os backspace <SOB> and escape
You should use the SAVE command to create flies
($18) which don't generally represent printable
containing each module you might went In the new
characters, but stll I have defined meanings. XON
bootstrap. But ld o file with the names of those
and XOFF are among the more useful of these special
flies you went to combine Into the new bootstrap,
codes. If, for Instance, you have a terminal which
and use that list of flies as Input to OS9GEN.
usually runs at 19.2KB, but can only accept Input at
Finally use DCOPY to copy alI the other flies on
about 200 characters per second when It Is In Insert
your system disk over to the new one.
mode, It would be nice to be able to constantly
adjust the speed ot which the computer Is
I have many flies on my system disk that are
transmitting to match the speed at which the
not part of the OS-9 operating system. An Important
termlnel can receive. In general you can't do that,
pert of Instal ling a new version of OS-9 which Is
but often It Is sufficient to be able to tell the
not mentioned In the manuals Is copying oil the

'68' Micro Jouma.l 19

non-OS-9 flies you need onto your new system disk.
I have been spending a lot of time writing a
1 have discovered an easy way to d o this. I Imagine
program which I cell a "smart terminal" program. It
most of you OS-9 users already know this trick, but
started out as a program to allow me to communicate
1 wish someone had told me about It a year ago. By
with a variety of computers without having to unhook
running OSAVE on your old system disk you can create
my terminal from my computer, and fuss with
a fIIe conta 1 nI ng a copy cOIIV!Ian d for each of the
half/fulI duplex. It just keeps growing. One thing
flies on your old system disk. If you add a "-x" as
I decided to do was Include a way of printing a
one of the first few lines In that file It won't
screen fulI of date. You can't just stop everything
quit If one of the commands fel Is. The copy
end print the screen; It would take so long to print
commands for files that are already on the new disk
that the Input buffer from the modem would overflow,
wll 1 fall, but the procedure wilI proceed to the
end at best date would be lost. � solution Is to
next comman d Instead of quitting. The result Is a
use a FORKed process to print the screen. Once I
disk with elI the files you want on it.
realized that I could start a process to print the
screen, 1 carried It e step farther end fixed things
Most of the programming I do is on machines
so I can esk to have lots of screens printed, start
with fer more then 64K available to each program.
e process for each screen, end let them queue up for
It Is easy to qet used to having effectively
e chance et the printer while the process doing the
unlimited memory. The 6A09 cen only use 64K, but
smart terminal bit runs cheerfully along. At about
with the h�lp of OS-9 Level Two <not Level One> It
SK per process C4K for the module and 4K for
Is oosslble to use more memory than most people cen
variable storage) the minimum allocation on my Level
afford. Over the next few months I expect to spend
Two system, I can queue up about 20 screens In the
some time discussing various ways of doing this.
200K I usually have evelleble. Using the more
efficient el location of storage &vel fable under
One of the beslc feel Titles In OS-9 <end most
Level One I could probably have queued up about 10
other sophisticated operating systems) Is cal led
screens In a 56K system. I edmlt this Is e trivial
FORK. The effect of FORK Is to set a program up end
example of the use of extended storage, but the
start It running without Interfering with the
point Is that this Is e simple example of the kind
program which FORKed tt. Each FORKed program Is
of thing you cen do with extended storage. It Is
eel led e Process or a Task. A process can run for
easiest to use multiple processes to get at lots of
ell practical purposes at the same time as the
storage when you can spin off e task that can run In
program that FORKed lt. Pert of setting a process
Isolation. Communicating between processes Is
up Is finding enough memory for It to run. In OS-9
another proDiem, suitable for Investigation In at
Level Two each process runs In Its own "address
least one future column.
space"··· that Is, no user process shares any rne1110ry
with any other process except by special
arrangement. If you have enough memory, each process
can occupy alI of Its 64K address space except a
shred reserved for OS-9.

AUG. 12, 13, 14, 15

PRE-REGISTRATION ONLY
Sharpen your knowledge and skills of
OS-9 and high level languages at the
2nd Annual OS-9 User's Seminar. More
participants, more speakers, more
hardware and software exhibits. Here's
your chance to learn from the experts.

Fee: $100
Location:
Marriott Hotel Des Moines. Iowa

Pre-Register Now!
Call 515-279-88« or write:

MICROWARE.

Microware Systems Corporation

P.O. Box 4865
Des Moines, Iowa 50304

20 '68' Micro Journal

 MICRO WARE
059 MAXIMUM
USER SEMINAR
Second AnnJal lllicrovut �••r SUiMr
EFFICIENCY
or
Awtott ll•U, ltU Getting More Bang For Your Buck
ftlt ta e.n runt you won•t -'lr.t to
ailt it yo� "''• tell art or
Ultentte4 us •rnua that "'' "scro-art 61Ct eo:tware. t..n year•a
aietOWifl Ctlf lt•S'"IoU Wll In OQtltlft.dlt'19 IUCCttt. &M tbt lfl) Paul Burega
Htdon pro.iltt t o 01 "'" bt"''' &ad huer. Tilt •-ctay "'•nt vall 1 Pleasant Bll'(.
be' tlit!4 AUtU.U Jl UtOUtb AUf1.11t. l� It Utt �� ltO�ntl kart10tt
lloul.
Wlnnlpeg Manitoba
Canada kt<2K OC9
fttrt wUl M lnfor...u•• rouMtaole ttcbn1c.al tttltona 204-:539-3J09
CO"f'ttlDt l1801t rury llpeCt Of ttlt dtl&tn a-Ad \til Of A!C'COIWUI
aoftwere. At tattt e-eutof\1 you cu
pot• flllttuor.a to tl)t "acrowart
Itt!! ae.aDeu wbo d:ttStnt4 tiCtl pro�naa. "-&nY at.ttn.dttt of
lett OS9 Is an excellent operating system. It has properties
ytar't ...u.ar r..rktd tt•at tbt opportunhy to aeet end tra.dt tl(.':tt which rival large systems In ease of use 11nd performance;
•to oUu ••o• "''' ..,, the ae&JMt • "''''I aapotu.ftt
eapert n te c e.g. 110 redirection, which allows changing the Input or
tor to•.
output of a terminal to a'lother terminal printer, or
Tolit wUl ll•o ttt • pr..vltv ot l'llcrovue't eactttnc;: n...., 'lOOt dl sk, and multiple tasking, e'labllng severa( programs to
eottven prod�o�cta plu• deaonnr:auont of ,.•..,. •eot a.ot�•re.
run concurrently (Including se��eral terminals with people
r r • on each of them, giving time-sharing>.
Nn)' '\,:�y:; :::,�!�: !:hig��.·�::�:��l: ::,:!:��·:A:O:!�:"!;:�
Tbtlr r:epre..nt.au•ea "Ul be avaU.ole to
1ni'WU your q'l:tluona.
Like the big systems, OS9 cen be "tuned" to provide
1'ftu "Ul tM •
90lttn opportunity
to ••• a.nd co:-flte wfttt•anev a.ft
maximum performance. This article describes se��eral
co•puter ayau••· d1u and atont• de-a.cea.
and •pplu:at1on eottwart
fer Ol•t. ways of customlz lng OS9 Level I and Level II to V(>ur
oJnner h planraed tor rr lday. Avvuat l2tb, and • particular environment. By customizing, I am referring
A buUtt
'"'u�c� "111 01 e.eld tl'le eottUft9 ot
Aututt Ut.tt. e
Cl.l at •P.•••t• w1ll t o Including new device descriptors for terminals,
be ttat\Ued u Mtft e'fentl. Put ot ttle even1n9 ot •�IJUit lltb hi• modems, printers and disk drl��es. For example, do you
bllft IU 111d1 lort eltUft' of tftl 01-t l111r CtOUf. , drIYes probably can seek faster than
know that your d l SK
OOn't ••u t.ftU chance to &ncreueyo�o�r -.nO'o>l.d9t •�,d Ulll 1:. OS9 Is currently running them. Would you like to change
tbt lattlt &n •icroco•p�o.ter
eottvare ttcMolovy • re;ut.�r tor the the attributes of the 7.CI A controlling your terminal or
IHcr:owue Uttr leea.nar todayl printer, change the parity, stop bits, or divide ratio;
or even a d d another disk driYe or terminal descriptor.
These and other Items will be discussed and examples
""u.u. :wroM.u:c• .UOOT TU
IKOIID AJIIII:AI. AICkOW.utE 010 ID':llo\1 given s o that you may modify these. We will also look at
getting the maximum use of memory modules, one of the
6est Ideas Mlcroware coold h- put Into OS9.
ICUDC7I.c or rvorn, OS9 was specifically designed for the small system. Small
systems generally h- llmlted amounts of memory (561< for
raJOAY, ADCOIT 12
attUUIUOIU IIOOn tO h00 ... Level 11 1024K for Level II). To cope with the small
&:I�U�1t1&11 .,.,., It Jloo" amounT o f memory, M lcroware designed OS9 t o make
Coc'IUJU aecepuona hJO "'
autht 01nner�
maximum use of memory. OS9 requires all executing
lalO"'
programs to reside In memory during execution- It does
IA�Y. 40Qir. 1l not perform "swappIng" of memory to dl sk or "demand
.... 1D irt l t tOO U to S1 00 "'
� Jblt. 1.& O,.a t t aOO U to S100 "'
paging" whereby the operating system moves parts of your
pro gram between main memory and disk as needed- OS9
11
0 1•r Cro�ap .-.eu ot • h )0 ,.
llaaa.fiC\1iUIU ltOtplt.alUJ IUltel a.tiftt 1100 P1l will however dynamically allocate memory to programs which
IIUIIDAT, AllC:OIT It
a r e c a l l e d ( t hr u fhe shell, or thru BASlC0 9 "run"
arvact u 21100 u command>. For example, when you say LIST FILE, OS9
1 ..1DI U t l t OO "' tO S 1 0C ... automatically loads the program named LIST Into memory
lbblblt l&ll Opent ltOO "' t o ftOO "'
and starts to execute it. L�IST will stay In memo ry untfl
IIOCAY, ACI:riT U It Is finished executing, and will then be deleted from
Open DUCYIUOn (OpUOftAl) t1CO All to JloOft memory.
MlUOWiff Qpen lOUie ltOO Pill lO �tOO ....

However, for commands whIch are frequently accessed,

many times the searching of the disk directory and
P\.ACEt
loading of the file take longer than running the program.
t)ee IIOinte Alrriott lotel. 10C Graad A••·. o•• JllOlnes. u SOlOt It would be much more efficient to load t he module Into
Telephone �U·H�·UOO memory where It will be Instantly available. This reduces
disk accesses and the time needed for a trivial command.
llGUTUTlOW AIID lCQIIn.\TlO• FUll Consider the command which prints out the date and
tIme. It takes longer to load thIs program than It does
tov 110fT pre-retlltert fte COlt 11 1 00 ,., penon. •Mcb 1nclu4ett
1 to print the date and time.
::::r!!:� :: �:!''�,...�!:":! .:�••�� 'ct;re.::et:�r· .!:' !�:".!:i.:!l
tr c o l IT Is possible to "LOAD DATE" Into memory, and rep eatedly
,
�:J�� :!!��. ::cs..�·;:'�o.�,.;��:,!::�. :;::, : c!:':! !�::P��� $
call It without the need for any disk access- This can
be d:>ne with many of the frequently used commands such
as DEL RENAME, LIST, LINK, LOAD, DATE, MAKDIR, FREE,
ACCC*ODATZO•J•

a&CfO'Wifl Mil IUM,.ct I lptCill tOft flte w&tb

thl ..rrton lottl
1_ DIR, etc.
MFREE, I'LIIR,
er e1tllll tr Ut aintle or "2 do�ble occ-upancy per nt.,ftt, to obtun
uu rate, p.l111e ret•rn tate enclo1.-ct c.aut da rKtly to tbt Nul 11 T h e r e o r e two problems with this. As this list of
:;�!� t:! :.::!:1�rrt!!t f:�.:�t�:!!�4;,::����;,.'�=n�!�.�r.!a:! frequently used prQgrams grows, It takes longer to load
them In manually. One can put The LOADs In the STARTUP
your ueerwtuona... lUff to tpeuty tft.et your reat:wtt1on U for file, so they wlll be executed upon booting. A word of
tne •ucrowtu 011r Jnlnea: a.n oa:4er to ODttln tbe
a;:.cul a:atee.
caution: the first file loaded must be the LOAD command.
..rr:lott. Jnteu,auon.al klf"tt.lon Cer&tera If It Is not, then for each LOAD COIMIIInd, the directory
must be searched for the LOAD comman d, then searched
Tolu Hill
�� 1011 IU•IUI
r-nlr.o IU.IIJ H·JO·tl Tolu UIOH
for the actual command to be looded- Thus loading 10
!'QaYOo lOll lUHU Tolu Jl))'l files would require searching the CMOS directory 20
la t.bl ...I.Ot t Ntel h tully No•ed by tbe UN yov ..,, rour
tl111est. If LOAD Is loaded flrsf, the number of searches
rtM"etlon.
. .h
IUcrowue Clft aatut rog wu..h ••••r••uon• ota•r at Is then reduced to 10.
nearor bOttle.
The second problem with this approach Is that there Is a
ml nlmum amount of memory which must be ollocated to each
program. In OS9 L&Yel f thot amount Is 256 bvtes, while
TaAYa.1

• In L&Yel II, It Is 2K or 4k bytes. Clearly, loadfng In a 35

:::,.,�!�':..::, =��1c�1
fr• O&c.aeo, �n•1r
n:� an!0!!�!�:W.:!:1!�::=da�:�!�it=�;
IanNI Ctt:r ..., Yor-. LOe
b y t e r o u t i n e w i l l waste 230 bytes In Level l, and
, essentially 2K or 4K In L&Yel 11. For large pr�ra.ms this
•t. t.ou1a. ttwf
Aftttltl. ••..o•r t.Ut MftF
tlrUntt offer IU.btt.a.ntS&lly reduc1d
•

taut U r•••"auona art Mde It lean a aonta ln anue-e. Is not a problem. Consider Baslc09, which Is over 201<
long. It does not matter thot the last 200 bvtes are
1r TOO loAYC COUTIOtllo not being used, because 20K Is. But, for fhe small
routines In the CMOS directory, the amount of space
U we ca" be of •••utaftct 1ft any
way pl•••• coM.
.act -'••n"• l'tplan wasted Is In most cases greater than the 111110unt of
tt IUcr:owue, telephOne SU•l7J•IIU or
t•l•• tl0•)20-2U5.
space used. To gl��e you a concrete exa"!e..
In B routines, such as LI�T� LOAD, ME
�..,try
RI..t
loodlng
DEL, Ll��
"68' Micro Joumal 21
COPY, SLEEP, ECHO. You will see that 2K of memory Is
bel ng used up In Level I 16K or 32K Is being used up In
Lever II. Quite clearly, t�ese 8 commands really only need
a few hundred byteslll
Other ortlcles hove mentioned burn ing on EPROM with
severo! utilities In it. I orlglnol ly did thls, monoglng to
Include 16 commands Into o 2K rom. But required several
days typin g In the hex codes for these commends, end
checking tnem. I have no EPROM progrommer software
which runs under OS9. This does work quite well. It Is
now J?OSslble to boot quickly, os OS9 realizes thot these
routines ore In ROM. As a matter of fact, since they
are now In ROM, there Is no need for them on the disk.
Accord I ngly I deleted them from 111')' boot disk BUT NOT
FROM THE ..l v RIGINAL OS9 DISK, OR THE BACK UI"' '"' OF IT.
Remember, olwoys hove o bock up of your boot disk before
you o t t e m p t to do something as drastic as delete
commends or modify your stortup or boot file.
While the EPROM route works, It Is still not optlmol
becouse:
1 - It takes o long time to burn the EPROM
2 - If Mlcrowore updotes ony commands, you must then
burn o new EPROM.
Whet then Is the best woy? What Is really required Is for
ell these smell comrMnds to be looded when you boot, not
from the STARTUP flle
the boot file, OS9BOvT. .l os this takes too long, but from
This moy not seem too eosy,
because If you load the necessary flies, then do a
COBBLER (Level l l , none of these commands ore so�d.
The onswer, however, Is found In the documentotlon to
the OS9GEN utllltv. The function of OS9GEN Is to "moke a
co p y of on exis t ing boot file, to odd modules to on
existin g boot file, or to creote on entirely new boot
file". Now, users of Level I will soy, but It stotes "'n
OS9 Level One systems, the 'cobbler' commend Is usuol lv o
convenient woy to make a n exoct copy of the existing
boot file". Note thot It stotes ''exoct cop y". Whet we
wish to do I s "add modules to an existing boot file". I
am not surprised thot Mlcrowore did not document whet I
om obout to present. It took me a long time to see
thIs, but once I dl d, I wos omozed ot the results. Here
then Is 11 step -by-step app rooch to create o new, Lewl
I boot disk, with mony utilities looded ot boot time, with
eoch utility t&klng up exoctly the required omount of
memory &nd no more. Level II users, be potlent os some
of th Ts Is relevant, end the other requirements ore
explained later In the article.
Required Items needed before beginning this undert!lklng
are:
I - a freshly formotted OS9 dl sk
2 - a DIR X E listing, to gl� all the commands and their
length.
3 - obout 10-20 minutes of your time.
Place the freshly formatted disk In /01 and your normal
boot disk I n /DO. Next, on the DIR listing, check the
commands you will like permanently In memory. (I settled
f o r all commands under 200 hex lo ng.l � r which were
�
frequently used such os FREE, TMOOE, [wvN). With that
list In hand, enter the following sequence of commands,
I list I I,. for lllustr&tlon purJ?
- ose l will Include the
comman os LOAD, LIST LINK, LOGIN, � 1�
IMVIJE, DATE, TSMON.
You are free to use wh! ch ever you wish.
OS9: os9gen /dl
/d0/os9boot
IdO/cmds /load
/dO/cmds/llst
/dO/cmds/link
/dO/cmds/logl n
/dO/cmds/tmode
/dO/cmds/d&te
/dO/cmds/tsmon
<ESC key, or wh&tever EOf Is set tol
OS9:
I list 1I
Once the OS9 prompt returns, the disk In drl� 1 (/dl) Is
ready for booting . It needs the CMOS directory SYS
directory, a STARTUP file &nd perhops a DEFS dlred ory.
Any of the commends Inc!uded during the OS9GEN ore not
needed on this new disk. I personolly use the OCOPYS
procedure g iven In the July, 1982 Issue of 68' Micro
Journol l p .l3). This olso re q ui res o routine labeled
FIXS, which was In the Moy 1982 Issue of 68' Micro
Journol (p.16l. I have modified It to run quickly by
o d dI ng a /40 to the cop_y commonds/&ssed to the shell.
When fn BASIC09 with OCOPYS on FIXS looded, do a
SMFREE, end see �ow many poges ore left free. The more
that are contiguous the faster the copy will proceed. I
chose 40 poqes os +his used up almost oil the rA"+ nf mv
22
av&ll&ble ineinory. You can release some of BASIC09's
extra memory by u sing the �EM commend. You could say
MEM 2000 or less and tliot will return some of the memory
t o OS9. You wl1I note thot I also do a LOAD on the COPY
commend, so thot It stays resident for the entire use of
t h e d l r e ctory copy, then UNLINK It o t the end. I
p ersonally chose the follo wI ng commends to Include at
boot time: ECHO, DEL Lll'f< MAKOIR LOAD, UNLINK, SLEEP,
L I S T TSMON COPT, 1. D l ..,::.PLAY b ATE, BUILD, MERGE
PRI N TERR..r SAVE .Q IR, t-I>IR, MFRE�, PROCS, FREE, RENAtE:
.t .
TMOD£, V EKIFY, D""' LOGIN.
I
Note that I no longer hove all those commends on my
current boot disk. Now with few commends left In the
CMOS dir e c t o r y , I have free space, a much needed
resource on my single-sided, double-density disks.
However, I still hove rrr.t ori ginal OS9 disk, end o second
c o p y of m y o l d boot disk both of which hove these
commends on them. Note t�at the only WilY to delete one
of the commands from the boot file Is to remoke the
b o o t file from the original OS980ot. However, new
versions of files ml"i be Included ot the be glnnlng before
the current OS9BOOT, then a new OS9GEN but fhis will
waste some spoce. For small commends, or Ior new device
descriptors, this does not make much difference. With
this new boot disk the boot process should be �ry fest
and your startup tfle may shrink In size. My new startup
conslsts of:
SETIME 83
DATE T
ECHO OS9 Level 1 successfully booted.
Once you have made all the directories, and copied the
necessa ry flies, you are ready to try this new boot disk.
Put the disk In /dO and hit reset. OS9 should come back
q u i c k l y , w i t h m u c h l e s s disk octlvlty needed for
l n l tlallzotlon. Now type MOIR. Note how quickly you get
a response (assuming you Included It In the commands In
the boot>. Note how many commands are sitting there to
give you Instant response. No need to wart for disk
<leloys . Now th&ts s p�edlll This Is where OS9 real ly
shines. The other 6809 operotlng systems do not reol ly
p ro.�l de this ability to ha� ell these modules present Cat
least not In a relocatable sense). Now do an MFREE, the
amount of free memory will be less then you ore used to,
but you have all these extro commends sitting there
whic h now '(OU will (hopefully) use more ofte� l fyou hao �
p reviously LOADed these files, )'(?U will notice o net goln
1n memory. It certainly Is nice thet OS9 contolns t11ese
o p tions. I found that these commends require obout 8k
of memory. Since 1 used to lood most of these with LOAD
there Is not that much more memory being used. I feelt
that the Increase In speed outweighs the memory lost.
With memory getting cheoper, It Is better to utilize this
fuily,and aet that lightning speed from the operating
system. Sure beets the pants off all those other
systems''!!
Some Notes on this Level I con�rslon:
The new disk Is required because the boot program must
be conti guous on the disk. It connot be scattered
ocross the free spoce of the disk like o normal file.
Us I 'lg a new disk also ensures that you keep the old disk
a s a securlt., backup. Also! usin g a new disk ensures
the the file OS9BOOT Is the f rst trle on the disk, thus
the dl sk does not hove t o seek very far to find the
boot.
If you wIsh to change the boot program, Y9U can make a
new boot on this new disk ! os all the remaining space will
be contiguous after the f les are copied. You can check
this by using the FREE comm&nd. If the l&rgest block
reported Is the some size as the amount of free spoce,
then there Is only one p iece of free space. Don't worry
If It Is not, as long os lt Is within a few sectors. If It
I s n o t c o ntiguou s then OS9GEN will give on error
mes sage soylng thoT, you will not be abre to boot from
thIs dl sk. 00 NOT Despair. Rename OS9BOOT to xxx end
recoil OS9GEN p ro.�l dl ng there still Is enough free space
left on the d (sk. If so, then tl1ls OS9GEN m!IY work, end
then delete the X)()( file. You m!IY hove to rename the file
TEMPBOOT to o dummy neme as well. If you still hove
problems then y ou wil l be best off formottlng o new disk,
end try ( ng o go l n. But, If you just went to odd more
commands t o the boot, you con use the modified OS9BOOT
file, which hes some extra commands already In It, and do
not re-lnclude those flies agoln. Or, you cen go back to
the orlglnol OS9BOOT file, and re-speclfy an the flies
wanted.
Notes for OS9 Level II
Level II users should not encounter all the troubles of
Level I users hove. Level II supports loadin g files which
contoln a number of rou.tlnes, and It will load them
'68' Micro Joumal
contiguously. But, again we find the fragmentation
problem. If your versIon of Level II uses 2K or 4K blocks
then make sure the flies you load are each Just under 2�
or 41< In size. If they are Just over 2K or 4K (depending
on your pertlcular page size), thenyou will be wasting
memory. Smoke Signal systems use 4K page sizes, and l
found that It Is possib le to group a set of commands so
that they are Just slightly under 4K In length <EXX or
FXX In length). It Is befter to make a number of smaller
flies than to loed one large one. If aprogram requests
one of the programs I n a block, Its 64K eddress sp ace
will lose the emount of memory equal to the size of the
b l o c k<sl of memo ry containing that program. For
examp le, If you decided to merge a number of commands
Into a 9K file, OS9 would use 12K fo store It once loeded.
Now when a program IInks to one of those programs, It
wou (d lose the ability to refer to 12K of Its 64K memory,
since 12K of the memory It could see would be taken up so
that It could "see" that program. However, If that
program was In a block, just under 4K long, then on 4K
out of the 64K would be used up. Note tliat If you ust
ft
lood a 50 byte routine, It will also toke up 4K( so t Is
best to merge some utilities. It Is best T O merge
ut111tles which may be used together, so thot If both are
needed concurrently, then only 4K wi ll need to be used.
How do you creote these flies to loed. Through the use
of the MERGE command. J ust enter:
OS9: chd /dO/cmds
OS9: merge list link tsmon login mokdlr rename del dlr
mdlr >utili
OS9: merge rename sleep build copy ottr procs free
mfree >utll2
etc.
Check the length of the files to ensure thet they do not
go over OFFF using the E attribute of the OIR command.
Rote that merge ooe s not set the execute bits of the
output file On fhls cose UTill, UTIL2l. To enoble OS9 to
loed these flies, you must Issue the command:
OS9: ettr utlll e pe
Note that this only need be done once, 11nd then will show
up on the DIR E commend.
Next, you must modify your startup file to do LOADs on
these files. The first few lines In your new st11rtup file
should be:
LOAD UTILI
LOAD UTIL2
followed by the rest of your normal startup! except thet
you can now delete the other loeds w h c h refer to
programs elreedy In the UTIL files.
Which flies should be Included In the UTIL flies.
Included the following:
UTILI:
ettr, build, copy, dete, del, dlr, display, dump, echo,
free
link, list, mekdlr, merge, rename **total length F97
UTIL2:
login, mdlr, mfree, procs, setlme, sleep, tee, tmode,
tsmon
unfink ** totel length FA2
UTIL J:
save, verify, version **total length 46E
However, two Important files have been omitted. These
are the commends LOAD and SHELL. It seemed a pity to
use up 4K lust for a 50 bvte LOAD, while SHELL Is around
1K. r declded to put bofh In the OS9BOOT file using the
above procedure for OS9GEN. I found that this freed up
1 2 K on the system. Now while memory Is getting cheaper,
most Level II users do not hl!\18 1024K Installed In their
machine, perhaps 128K or 192K. The extra12K or 16K still
mekes 11 di f f er ence <Baslc09 will almost fit In the new
free spocell.
Once you follow the rest of the Instructions for copying
over to 11 new disk the remaining commands under the
CMOS directory, es well as SYS and DEFS, and make the
new startup file such as:
loed utili
loed utll2
loed ut11:5
setlme 8:5
date t
tsmon /tl &
echo OS9 Level II system Initializ ed
Then, 90 and boot with thIs new disk. You will be 1111a
1 zed
'68' Micro Journal
et the faster boot which does less disk seeking . You
will elso be able to Issue most commends In the OS9"" manual
without reading them In from disk. This will reelly
Impress people who are used to lerge systems, espech1lty
If y o u l e t them LOGIN on another terminal, and you
simultaneously execute progrems. Try doing a t-I>IR E.
Y o u wi l l f i nd that the commands will now be nicely
clustered In 4K pa g es..� and will be contiguous In those 4K
b l o c k s . Enter MF�EE. See how much more of thet
valueble memory you have avalleble.
By spend! ng time cus tomizing your copy of OS9, you ere
able to greatly Increase the speed of execu t i on of
verlous functions. You are also eble to reclelm varying
amounts of memory, and get more use out of your system.
I had spent many we ek s beng l ng my head against the well
trying to eccompllsh what I fi nally did. I reel that there
must be others who are not familiar with what can be
done to Improve OS9. You may figure that It ma y not apply
t o you, or that It may not be worth the effort, but 1
assure you that It Is worth the effort to get the system
to work quicker and more smoothly.
If you have ever worked with larger systems, with fast
hard disks, you P.robablv get annoyed sometimes at your
slow 5 Inch fl oppies . The method presented adds that
extra oomph t o your system, and you may decide that It
appears as if you have OMA hard disks on your system.
Modifying Device Descriptors In OS9
If you are like me, you find that your version of OS9 does
not run the disk stepper motor at the fastest rate that
It can handle. This Is especially true If you have several
drives, each of t hem different In this respect. Your
drive stepping speed Is probably set to the slowest so
that all your drives will work, or perhaps the lnltlallzer
bvte for t he ACIA on term or pl is not what you would like
I t to be. You may wIsh to change the address of P '-PI,
Tl, or even create another port, or disk drive. 1hls
article will cover all this using several approaches, for
both Level I and Level 11.
When I first obtained OS9 for my system, I wes very
f r u strated because the di sk stepper motors were
running at the slowest speed. I have two WI drives
which can run at 6ms step speed. OS9 was runni n g these
at :50ms step speed. Op erations, such as searchlng the
disk directory, do a large amount of disk seeks. By
speedIng up seek speed, the speed of these searches Is
e n h a n c e d . I n Smoke Signal DOS, this function Is
accompli shed through the use of the LUNCTL conrnand
which allows setting the seek speed as well as the type
of d r i v e <5" v s . 8", 40 v s . 80 t r ac k , e t c.l.
Unfortunately, no such command exists under OS9. No
me ntion Is given on how to change these functions other
t h a n the lact t h a t the device de scripto r module
contains a value for this <p. 6-8>.
I had purchased DEBUG, so I decided this was as good a
time as any to try It out. I found that I could modify
values In the device descriptor, and the drives starting
seeking faster on seek operations. Then I thought,
"What happens next time I boot". I COBBLERed e disk, so
that It would conteln the new stepping rates. When I
attempted to boot the disk, It started the boot, then
died. It took me some time to fig ure out that because I
had modified the device descrlptor, Its CRC was 'no
l onger correct. That meant that OS9 would not use the
mocfu le after a boot. Good thIng I had a backup dl sk to
boot froml.
The solution to this problem came after a tremendous
amount of thought. The VERIFY command will update the
CRC for a module. If you save the modified module to
dIsk, update It to another file, then load that fllelo
· thIs
method will not work, because If you attempt to ad a
file which elready exists , It can only be replaced with a
higher revision number. Go back Into DEBUG, and bump up
the revision number of DO to 2 from 1. Then save, verify,
use attr to set the execute bits and you can now load
these new disk descriptors. Each descriptor would be
loaded on a 256 byte boundary! <where have we discussed
thIs pr o b lem before>? I had not yet f lgured out the
OS9GEN approoch, so for a time I had a number of LOAD
statements In my startup file for the modified drives. I
decided thet If DEBUG can update bytes In a module, then
It could elso write In the correct module headers and
trailers. This was getting easy! All I had to do wos DUW
t h e verified modules to fhe prlntert. then use debug to
change all the values In the module. Now I could C088LE R
a new boot disk, end this disk would boot successfully.
23
However, this approach Is not suitable with Level II, and
will not readily create new device descriptors. What we
really need Is to create a copy of the descriptor we wish
to modify on disk, then perform changes to that copy,
and finally perform an OS9G€N to create a new bootstra p
file to I ncorporate these chan �s. The first part Is
easy. As an example, let us modlfy-TI. We will chan ge thE
port addressb as well as the default lnltl allzatlon tc
Include 2 stop Its Instead of one, with 8 data bits.
F lrst step Is to make a copy on disk. This Is done
via the SAVE COIIMnM d.
OS9: save tl
This will create a copy of tl In the current data
directory.
Next we r eq uire a hardcopy dump of the descriptor,
to ascertain what we will modify.
OS9: dump tl >/p
T h i s creates a nicely formatted dump on the
printer.
Tl Is an SCF device. Page 7-6 of the 059 System
Programmers Manual describes the locations of
varrous function bytes. The port location Is not
listed. This Is at of fset SOE, which Is a 3 byte
address (for extended addressing>. Typically It will
be the third byte which you wish to change, at
offset SIO. The ACIA Initialization value Is at
offset S26. To gc!!t 8 data bits 2 stop bits, divide
by 64, the value Is Sl2 <taken #rom a Motorola data
sheet>. M l croware states that It's a good Idea to
Increase the revision level, as OS9 keeps the module
with the highest number. Most modules are at
revision level I (bottom four bits In byte 7). Lea't'e
the top four bits alone ID
Now w e r u n p ro gram <given later on, entitled
DI51\CHNG> which wlll alloW us to modify bytes In file
J
Tl, which we created. This program allows changing
only I byte at a time, so you must re-enter the file
na- each time If you have more than I change to
m a k e . B a s l c 0 9 allows e n t e r i n g hex data by
preceding the data with a "$". Thus, the sequence
of commands entered Is: <note: do not enter the
comments on the right starting with rem, they are
Just to explain what Is going on In each sectlonl>
OS9: baslc09
B: loed dlskchng
B: run
FILE NAME tl
ENTER BYTE TO CHANGE S07 rem: change
revision level
THE VALUE IS 81
ENTER NEW VALUE S82
THE VALUE IS 82
FILE NAME tl
ENTER BYTE TO CHANGE SIO rem: change
port address
THE VALUE IS EO
ENTER NEW VALUE Se2
NEW VALUE IS E2
FILE NAME tl
ENTER BYTE TO CHANGE S26 rem: change
Initialization
THE VALUE IS 15
ENTER NEW VALUE Sl2
THE VALUE IS $12
FILE NAME <control 0 to quit>
v..
B· ....
0597
File Tl has had changes made, and no longer Is a
valid OS9 module, and must be wrlfled.
OS9: verify u <tl >new.tl
OS9: attr new.tl e pe
This command line tells the veri fy COIIIn
IIII! d to do an
u p date <u> take the Input from fl, and write a new
f ile called new.tl. new.tl will then contain a valid
OS9 1110 dule. It can now be OS9GENed Into a new
boot file, or Just loaded <since the revision number
was updated, OS9 will keep around the copy with the
h i g h e s t number). The attr marks the file as
executable.
Last step Is to create a new boot file (follow
p rocedure given before for Including extra modules
In the boo f tile). Note: the file na���e you wish to
Include Is NEW. Tl, not Tl. I f you Include n, then
the CRC will be Incorrect, and 059 will Ignore tt.
Modifying a Disk Descriptor
...........................
Disk descriptors can be modified In a similar manner.
For RBF descriptors, such as DO, refer to page 6-B In
the OS-9 Level One System Proqrammer's Manuel <I have not
24
seen a Level II manuel, as wrslons ot Level II that 1 h­
seen, come with Level I manuals). There are seYeral
values which you might wish to change for each drive.
O n e of them Is the seek speed <offset $14). A table Is
given a t the bottom of the page giving the step codes
a n d t h e i r corresponding step speeCis . Offset S13
contains the drive number On case you wish to make DO_,
drive 3 not a realty good Idea ). This Is useful thou gn
I f you wIsh to create another drlw. All thet needs to
be done to create another drive Is to sa"e a drive
descriptor, say DO, then dump It to the printer as
ab<:Ne. Note the locations of the character string '00",
and modify It to be "03" or whatever two character n­
you wl sh. To extend the length of the na���e requires
reasse111b ly of the descriptor <If you can create the
source to It In the first place 1>, or much headaches If
you try and modify the na���e yourself without assembling
t h e t a b l e . To create new termi nals modify Tl by
,
changing the name "TI" and the por t aadress. Si mple
once you know how. Note well; character strings In OS9
have the hiSj,h bit on In the lest character In the strin g,
so that a 1" Is SBI, not $31. Here then Is an example
creating a new drive from DO, and Increasing the step
rate.
OS9: Sll't'e dO
OS9: dump dO >Ip
OS9: baslc09
B: loed dlskchng
B: run
FILE NAME dO
ENTER LOCATION $13 rem: change dr lve
number
VALUE IS 0
ENTER NEW VALUE 4 rem: from 0 to 4
VALUE IS 4
FILE NAME dO
ENTER LOCATION $14 rem: change step
�� IS 0
ENTER NEW VALUE 3 rem: from 30 ms to
6 ms
VALUE IS 3
FILE NAME dO
ENTER LOCATION $22 rem: this value
lfll1o/ change
VALUE IS 80 rem: second byte of
"DD"
ENTER NEW VALUE Sb4 rem: change to
......
VALUE IS 84 rem: giving "04"
FILE NAME <control 0>
B· ....v..
OS9 7
Again, verify must be done to create a ...a lld module. If
you only wish to chan ge the stepping speed, then Just
change the approprI al"e value (and perh aps the module
revIsIon number>. Other � tes you may wish to change!!
are S16 media density <to allow 80 track drlws to read
1
40 tracl( dl sks). Note that If you are usi n g 80 track
drives then the double track densl 1y bit should be set.
ThIs a\lows the software to read 4 0 track disks on 80
track drives. You can also write 40 track disks, but
there Is no guarantee that a 40 track drlw will be able
to correctly read all of the disk, as the 80 track heads
wrIte a much narrower band of data. It is an a�antage
to be able to read 40 track disks on an 80 track drive.
This feature Is especlaltf useful for people who have a
mix of 40 and 80 trock drives I n the systems or people
who receive 40 track disks from others. WARN(NG: If you
do not have this bit set and have BO track drives you
will not be able to read those disks once the bft Is
turned on. When the bit Is off, the disk has written on
I t I nformation which says It was created In a 40 track
drive, with 80 tracks!. Hence, when you tell OS9 that
y our drive Is BO track, It will 1001( at the disk, see that
1 t Is 40 track, and skip every other tracl( and of
course will give seek errors. If you ha't'e two ..t t�D-tr&ck
drives, then It Is possible to fix up one drive to be
correct format some new disks, and then c;opy_all your
dl sks. �ake sure you then fix up DO If It Is 80 track,
and create a new boot disk If necessary.
Another reason for setting this bit correctly, Is that If
a disk written on an 8D-tfack drive Is Inserted In e 4D­
treck drive, OS9 will generate an error messa ge (wron g
type media>. Another value to chan� e for 80 tr&CJ(
drives Is the 2 byte number at $17-SIIJ. which contains
the default number of tracks for that dr (ve, and location
$19, which contains the number of heads for the drive
( g iving the number of surfaces>. These bits are used �
the format utility to flck up a default disk type. Do not
111o dlfy bytes Sl� - 20. Someone Intelligent provided
values for these, and they should not be changed, except
by a very knowledgeable person.
"68" MICI'O Journal
OS9 users will bec0111e expert at custanlzlng syst ems to
their pa r t i c ular needs. I hope that s0111e readers can
use thTs lnfor�tlon, and perhaps dlscO\o'er an easier Wtl"f STRUCTURED
of making the modifications I haYe described.
ASSEMBLE MACROS
Yves Leclerc
�20 L�ndrev1lle •tA
Verdun H3E 184
PROCEDURE dcopys Ouebec, Can�da.
0000 REM copy dlr flies
0011 REM space to copy�any other key to bypass
003A REM fran July, 198L '68' Micro
0057 STRUCTURED ASSEMBLER
0058 DIM cmdS:STRlNG!I28l THROUGH MACROS
0064 DIM cS:STRlNG!II
0070 DIMp :BYTE I'm sure a number of you read with
0077 TYPE rec•nome:STR!NGI291; mlsc:STR!NGIJI some 1nterest. a year ago, Greg Walker's
0092 DIM drec:rec
art1cles 1n BVTE �bout stryctyrtd
0098 lt.PUT "fran dlr > ",fdS �

OOAE lt.PUT "to dlr > j tdS �•semblsr for the 6809. And thought, as 1
OOBF SHELL "load copy-· did: Wouldn't that be nice • . . 1f I under­
OOCC CHO tdS stood how it works, or 1f 1t was wr1tten
0001 PRINT "spece to copy - any other key to bypass" for the TSC rather than the Motorol�
OOf'C PRJ NT
asstmblttr'
OOFE
OOFF ON ERROR GOTO I 0
0105 The advantages would be obvious:
0106 OPEN l p �f dS:REAO+OlR cleaner and clearer structurss In medium­
0112 WHILE NOT<EOFI/p)) 00 Sl�l and long programsJ eas1er wrlt1ng,
OliO 5 REM read next dlr entry
e.asier dsb�tgQingl better modular1ty. My
0136 Ge:T l drec
0140 Ff
IF LE p S<drec.name,l>>" " THEN problem w.as that I had never really worked
01'53 IF LEFTS<drec .name 1><>"." THEN with �or condit1onal assembly, and
0166 RUN flxs<drec.namel 1
JUSt look1n9 at the Walker l1stinga made
0173 cm d S• " c o p y "+ f d S+"/"+d r e c . name+" me very much aware of how hard a job 1t
"+-drec.nl!lllllt+" /40"
might be.
OIAO PRINT ClldS; " " ;
OIM Ge:T IO,cS
0183 PRINT Wall:er's method 1s one that is used
0185 IF cS•" " THEN sometimes on larger syst.,.s, but rather
OIC2 SHELL cmciS r.are on micros: cod1ng a l�ngu.age. or 1n
OIC7 Et«>lF
this case lanQuage extens1ons, 1n a•sem­
OIC9 Er«>IF
OICB ENDIF bler macros. It 1s s1m1lar to the
OICD EN!MiiLE technique used by H.L.Harkness to create

8J8� ��ff. �nllnk copy" Rload <'68 Micro sept-nov 1981).

OIE6 BYE
It took me some six months to make up
OIEB 10 REM error rootlne - bypass and try again
0212 PRINT "error • "; ERR my m1nd, then sometime last summer, as I
0220 GOTO 5 planned to embark on some fa1rly fancy
.assembly progra,.ming projects, I f1gured J
miQht save more t1me t.ackl1ng th1s task
first and thus giving myself a powerful
tool to help solve the other problems. Jt
PROCED�E flxs
did take quite a bit of work <so much that
0000 REM : thls rootlne fixes up a string
0023 REM : a string read In fran the directory has the l'm not sure I save d t1me overall), but 1t
8th blt was extremely instructive • • • and now I
0 0 4 F REM : turned on In the last character to signify wonder how I could do without structured
end of string .assembly for most of what I write.
0098 REM : baslc09 signifies the end of 11 string with
hex FF
O O C E REM : this rootlne fixes up the string to end In For those who haven't seen the Walker
255 decimal articles, I'll give here a quick run­
0112 PARAM xi29):BYTE � on macros and conditionals, w1th both
OIIE DIM I: INTEGER their advantages and 1nconvenients.
0125 1•0
Experienced assemb1er hackers and those
012C LOOP
012E 1•1+1 who have read Wal�er may sk1p the ne�t two
0139 EX!TIF x(l)>l28 THEN sect1ons.
0148 xm•x(l)-128
015A x0+1l•255 l'tACROS
0168 ENO€XIT
016C EX!TIF 1>27 THEN ENOEX!T
Macros are blocks of 1nstructiona
0178 ENOLOOP
017F Er«> 9iven a name, somewhat l1ke subrout1n1s,
PROC£.D�E dlskchng except that each t1me they are called
0000 REM pr ogr am to change bytes In a disk file (just by writing their name 1n the
0029 REM 0y P"a
ul Burega program), they are "e:.cpanded• or ..-itten
003A D !Mpath:BYTE; n����: �e STRING!501; number:BYTE aga1n into the text. They're good either
0052 LOOP
for short series of 1nstructions used
0054 " ame
lt.PUT "flle name L
0066 OPEN lpath , name:Ut'UATE often tn a pro9r am , or for blocks that are
0072 lt.PUT "enter byte to change ",ptr not quite identical, but almost. fra. one
008F SEEX /path,ptr use to the next.
0099 Ge:T /path number
OOAJ PRINT USii4G "s20,h2", " the value ls",nulllber
OOCI SEEX l path,ptr For instance, if you write an
OOCB lt.PUT "enter new value ",nullber .assembler program dotn9 quite a bit of
00€3 PUT /path number file juggling, you might write a "family"
OOEO PRINT USii4G "s20,h2","new value ls",number of macros called OPEN, READ, WRITE and
0108 CLOSE /path
CLOSE to take care of the details of file
0111 ENOLOOP
access. Or if you use multiple prec1sion

'68' Micro Joumal 25

artthmetlc tn a program, you could have uaed to set the condtttons; thts ts
PLUS, MINUS, TIMES and DIVIDE �•eros spectelly true of vartables or of the
taking care of that. contents of memory bytes, stnce there is
no way you can know these 1n advance at
Macros are usually deftned at the assembly ttme. Thus tf your cond1t1onal
beqinntng of the program, and aft� that ,ssembly
.• d!tpends on cert;un nu�erical
they can be constdered stmply as new, more ltmtta that vary from one tnvocatton to
powerful or more complex, tnstructtona of another, the only way to pass them on ••
the assembler. Another good method <the through expltctt expresstons or pseudo­
one I use here> •• to have a library of vartablua created by the assemblor at
macro fa!es you can call through the LIB assembly t1me. But s1nce you can use EQU
pseudo-instruction o f your assembler. That on a symbol only once 1n a progra�, you
way you won't have to rewrtte the same have to use the SET pseudo-directive
sertes of inatructlons each ttme you need Instead, wh1ch can be redefined at will.
them.
In practtce, condittonal assembly Is
On the other hand, the ftrst ttmes a very powerful technique, but 1t also has
you uae macros, It ia hard to remember severe drawbacks: tt can make the code
that they are not cart of the proaram, and tmpossible to read and understand, and
are not executed unless they are speci­ Introduce any number of weird bugs, often
ftcally called. They are used at assemblY caused by a confusion between asse�bly
�. not at ryo t&me. Whtch at first can time and run time behaviour. So would
lead to a number of hard-to-track errors. tend to side with Lance Leventhal, whose
advtce about conditionals Ia "Don't uae • • •

Macros can also have parameters, or unless you have to".

arguments. Except that these parameters
are litterals, not values or expressions.
A macro parameter. 1n TSC format, is
referred to tn the body of the macro by an
ampersand followed by a number from l to 9
LEVELS OF MACROS

tndicat!ng the order of the parameter 1n

Let's now go 1nto the Astruc fa�tly
the calltng ltne. For tnstance, if a macro
of macroa itself. It is built In four
PLUS ts called as
levels: pri�1t1ves, tests and code
generation, stack control, and the
PLUS VALUE,+,D
structured macros themselves. Each level
the expresston �1 will refer to the ASCII can and does call the preceding levels to
strtng "VALUE", 8t2 w!ll become "+" and &.3 execute part of its tasks. But as these
wi 11 be "A" (whtch could aa well represent will vary from one call to the next, I
tne letter "A" as the hex value llil or the have to use cond1t1onal assembly a lot,
A reg1ster of the 6809'). whtch tends to obscure the listings and
thus the role of each macro.
Another difficulty is that you can't
use labelled lines 1nside a TSC macro: Thia doesn't matter If you want to
stnce each label wtll be "created" anew simply transcribe the macros and use the•
each time the macro Ia eupanded on pasa as such: the programmer only usea the last
one of the assembler, it will generate a level in hia programs, and does not need
"multiply deftned symbol" error. The only to �now how they work. But if you want to
(not very useful> way to go around thta is change them, or add on to them. you had
to give the macro new label name• each better know what you're gett1ng into. So I
time as parameters. shall descrtbe brtefly what each of the
first three level• does.

CONDITIONAL ASSEMBLY
a) Prtmitlves: they do strictly low
l had read about thta in the TSC level short and simple tasks uaed by the

asaembler manual and in Leventhal's book higher level macros. LGT2T sets paeudo­

on the 6809, but I �ust admlt had not variable BRlLG to 0 or l according to

the leaat idea what it could be used for, whether the L parameter for long branching

except 1n e very limited way. That's instructtons ts present. The others are

because I didn't underatend the difference all concerned with atack management, about
which more in a moment.
betwern what happen• to e program at
assembly time and what happen• to it at
b> !rats tQd compares: they teat and
run time.
validate the varaoua parameter• of higher
So here we go: conditional asaembly level macroa, and generate assembly code

hea no effect at all on what happens when accordtngly. They check for instance that

you run a program. Its tnfluence enda aa the regtsters and condittons referred to
soon as the prcqraa is assembled into 1n the fourth level mecros are correct,

btnary for�. Whet it doea ia asse�ble the and "wr l te" 1nto the progra111 thr needed

proara111, or a progra� section. dif�erently

conditional branchlng instructions, often
in d&fferentcir,ymatancet according to e
leavtng the adreaa field blank or filled
fet of rulea. One of 1ta �aJor uses it
wlth a dummy value, to be deflned later in
inatde macroa: a macro can be defined in
the procesa <the RPlLG pseudo-verlable Ia
various ways according to the parameters,
used only for this).
or even to the number of perametera,
pessed on to it. This Ia the way I use
c) Stec� control: to be able to nest
conditional aasembly in the present series
aaaembly structure• inaide eech other we
of structured macros.
need a atack to check at which level we
are and to hold values and eddreases. But
But since condtt&onal asaembly ia
the conditional easembly format does not
restricted to assembly time, value•
allow thia, ao we must tlmulete a atack
created by a run of the program cannot be
using dummy variablea.
26 '68' Micro Journal
 This is probably the hardest part of <meaning ELSE> clause, and the IFEND maceo
the job of creating the structured maceo ind1cating the limit of the •cope of an IF
family. Fiest, you need simple and easy to structure. Why three IF forms? To take
and PULL inttcu,ttons, advantage of the variety of testing
use PUSH to be
called at the highest maceo level, and instructions on the 6809, and to opt1m1:e
to
take care automatically of stack manage­ the cesulttng code. The IFRG form compares

ment tasks. These have only two possible between an internal ceg1stec and a value

parameters: an address, and the 0 option in memory, us1ng equal/not-equal, greater­

indicating a more complex PUSH or PULL or-equal/smaller, and greater/smaller­

cequ1ced by the mult1olechoice structure or-equal tests. The IFTST form checks,

CASE OF. using the TST 1nstcuctton, a value held 1n

memory or the A or 9 ceg1stec, and

Then land this is a major d1fference branches accordingly. The IFCC form uses

from the Walker structured macros In BYTE> the status of the conditton code register,

we have another maceo, at the pcimttive wh1ch should already have been set, to

level, EX9MAC, which Is called every time malte a choice.

by the PoSH and PoLL macros to determine Each form of the IF maceo can be
at which level of the stack we are. Th1s followed by a block of code to be executed
has to be done "by hand", test1ng each if the test IS successful, an IFNOT
possibility through a b1nacy search, clause, and another block of code to b e
which makes EX9MAC ocobtbly the most executed 1 f the test is not successful
comolex of all the macros here. <the IFNOT pact 1s optional). The end of
the whole structure (which can be nested)
Finally, once the stack level is 1s marked by a IFEND macro.
determined, the primitive P2SH or P2LL
utility macros �• called to effect the The CASE family hts four macros, tnd
stack •anlpulations themselves. There ace tllows foe one of many blocks of code to
two versions of each, the si�l• one, be executed according to the result of tn
which acts on only one vac1able, and the equtl/not-equal test between an internal
•o• one, which acts on three. register and a value 1n memory. It also
has tn OTHER default case to ttke care of
STRUCTUftED ASSEMBLY situations in which none of the tests
succeed. Its end is marked by the ENDCASE
The fourth level of mtccos is the one mtcco.
which transforms your standard TSC assem­
bler into t quasi-hi
ghec level ltnguage, Note that the IF macros have the same
without robbing you of any o f 1ts versa­ form as 1n the Greg Walker BYTE trtlcles,
tility and hardly any of 1ts compactness. but they ace coded d1ffecently: they nest
Instead of a structured mtcco, you can \6 deep instead of 10, and the stack
tlways use a "normal" compare and JU"'P in management is done not ins1de them but by
any s1tuation, but based on htlf a dozen a lower level group of maceo•. The CASE
programs, I figure that the extrt code macros ace new . . • and pretty useful
generated by the mtccos Is never more than especially where foe instance a value or a
5Y. • • • and the extra cunning time is about character 1n the A ceg1stec has to be
ntl: most of the unnecessary instructions tested foe several poss1b1litles. You will
never get executed anyway. see typical uses of these forms In the
ltst 1 ngs.
Structured assembly has three mtin
advantages: it gets you rid of all the LOOP STRUCT�ES
confusing jumps and branches (conditional
or not>, thus making the program much more There ace three loop structure
understandable and easier to debug in macros, two adapted from Walker !WHILE • • •

fact, J find that most of the time I save ENDWHILE and REPEAT • • • UNTILl, and a new
is in the debugging rather than the coding one, a counting loop sim1lac to the BASIC
stage -- and test; it eliminate• the need or Pascal FOR NEXT loops. The REPEAT loop
for most line labels, since almost all the I• the simplest form: it generate• a test­
jumps tee generated directly by the and-branch at the end of the block,
macros; tnd it regroups the program part• without any overhead. The WHILE form is
into funct1ontl blocks 1n t much .ace more complex, since It tests at the
logic;al way, so that pcogctm flow "jumps beginn1ng of the block, and thus generates
around• much less ;and i• more obvlou•. a conditional branch at the beginning and
an absolute branch at the end.
As In any high-level pcogcaiMiinQ
language, you use the structured macros in The FOR loop is the most compleM, and
two c1rcu�stances: when there is a choice often th• most useful: it us•s one of the
to be made between two or more alter­ intecnal 6809 registers as a counter,
natives, and when you need a loop repeated which 1s incremented or decremented at
from zero to a number of times or until a each eKecution of the enclos•d block of
certain condition is met. code, unt1l it reaches a preset l1mit. If
the 1nccement lor decrement> I• 1, the INC
CHOICE ST�UCT�S instcuctton ls generated if possible, else
the ADD or LEA instruction is used. Foe
There ace two families of structured practical reasons, the initial value and
macros used foe choosing. One, the IF lim1t are set at the beginning of the loop
fa•ily, serves for choices between two <where the test is madel, but the 1ncce­
alternative•• the other, the CASE f;amily, ment is defined at the •nd, as • parameter
is used when there ace more than two to the NEXT maceo.
possibilities.
All these structures can be nested
The IF fa•ily holds five 111accos: Inside each other up to 16 deep, the
three different forms of IF, the IFNOT oseudo-stack tak1no care of the details,

·sa· Micro Journal 27

thus allowing the programmer to concen­
• STRUCTURED ASSEMBLY MACROS
trate on the mean1ng rather than the
• Yve• Leclerc. September 1982
mechanics of the whole program and its • Adapt•d .and •Mpanded froftl Gr•9 Walk•r
var1ous sections. "Pretty-writing" the • of Motorola IBVTE, nov/dec 19811
code with indentations in Pascal or C
INTERNAL DUMMY VARIABLES
fashion makes the architecture of the
•

progra� much clearer, and the flow of

0000 ACPII.. SET
control �uch eas1er to follow to the Fl/100 RPII..G SET
author himself. ''"'01!1 8RII..G SET
�00 RG20D SET
LISTINGS AND EX�LE
• PRIMITIVES

You will find appended to this first

the listings of the structured macros • TEST FOR LONG BRANCH
themselves, then a program example of
their uae in practice. To use the struc­ I.. GT2T MACRO [LJ
tured macros, you copy them in a text file IFC 1..,&.1
BRILG SET I
called ASTRUC.TXT, and when you wr1te a
EI..S E
program, put LIB ASTRUC at the beginning.
BRILG SET •
You may then use any of the macros as you ENDIF
would other "natural" instructions of the ENDI'I
assembler.
• PUSH ON STACI(
IJ) Short c•••
Note that all 6809 addressing modes
•

may be used as parameters to these macros

P2SH MACRO <lvl>,<•ddr>
!wherever an address is needed>, and that SPIL&I SET &2
the responsibility to force long branching LPILiol SET BRILG
through the L parameter rests with the ENDI1
program�r, although the macros will send
b) Double c••e
out an error message if long branches are
•

needed but not present. More detailed

P2SHQ MACRO <I vi>,<•ddr>
Information on the syntax is included in SPII..&.I SET &.2
the listing comments before each macro. LPIL&I SET BRII..G
RPII..&l SET RG200
The rather bizarre labels chosen for API I..&.I SET AD2PI..
ENDI'I
the lower level macros and the pseudo­
variables have no real meaning. I made • PULl.. FROM STACK
them unusual anough so there would be • al Short ca•e
little risk of conflict between them and
any other labels the user could create in P21..L MACRO <I vi)
a structured assembly program. Thus PoLL ORG SPII..&.I
BRL2G SET I..PILiol
and PoSH instead of PUSH and PULL, etc.
ENDI'I

The second l1st1ng 1s a short example • b) Double c•••

of a structured assembly program, the
SEARCH utility to look for a ser1es of hex P21..1.Q
. MACRO <I vi>
ORG SI"IL&.I
BRI.. 2G SET LPII..&.I
bytes in any FLEX file, text or binary.
RG2QD SET RPIL&.I
Explanations of this program will be found AD2PI.. SET APIL&.I
in the comments lines the and fields of ENDI'I
listing. The last l1ating ia a disassembly
of the program (using DYNAMITE> to show • DETERMINE STACI( I..E VEI..
• .llnd •�t•c:ute m•cro
the code generated by the Astruc macros.
lf you compare the structured source and
EX91'1AC MACRO (OIACro), (Addr)
the results, l think you'll have to ad�it IF ACP11..(9,23
first that the structured for� is much IF ACPIL<I"l,II
easier to read and follow • • • and second IF ACPIL<t:S,:S
that if you had coded the same program in IF ACPII..•I:S,2
&.I lo,&.2
"straight" assembler, it wouldn't have
IF ACPIL,4.
been shorter by MOre than a dozen bytes or &.I 1:1,&.2
so. IF ACPIL,38
IF ACPI1..•13,2
lf you assemble the SEARCH program, &. I 14,&.2
IF ACPI L , l:S "I b,&.2
you will notice that assembly takes qu1te
&.I u. &.2 IF ACPIL,12
a bit more time than you expect. That ia &.I
IF ACP11..,33 :1,&.2
the penalty you pay for using �•eros in a IF ACPIL<Il,S IF ACPIL.Ie
program. But it is usually more than IF ACP11..•11,2 IF ACPIL<3,:S
adequately compensated for by the time you &.I 12,8.2 IF ACPJL•3,2
IF ACPIL,29 &.I 4,&.2
save coding and debugging the programs.
&.I 11,&.2 IF ACPIL,o
Since the macros generate a lot of ORG &.I
IF ACPIL,27 3,&.2
instructions that will be reflected in the IF IF ACPIL,4
ACPI1..•9,2
structure of the resulting binary file on &.I IIJ,&.2 IF ACPIL•1,2
the disk, I suggest one extra step to IF ACPIL,24 &.I 2.&.2
&.I IF ACPIL,t
obtain simpler code: once your progra• is 9,&.2
IF ACPIL,22 &.I 1,&.2
assembled, note its limits in memory, then
IF ACPII..<S,II ENDI'I
dump it to memory using GET and save it
IF ACP11..<7,:S
using SAVE or SAVE.LOW. This will get you IF • TESTS AND C011PARES
ACPIL•7,2
rid of all those ORGa and result in a file &.I 8,&.2
. ···-·····------···

that loads much faster. IF ACPIL,17

lol 7,&.2 • TEST FOR VAI..IDE PARA11 ETER
-------!------- IF ACPtl., IS
IF PAT2T 11ACRO <par>
ACPti..•S,2

28 '68' Micro Journal

 lt-NC 1oi • • S SET I-IINR30 • of the A or 8 r•;•at..- or a MeMOry byte
8NR3G
BNP4 SET Oil IFNC &.2.1'1,2 • and ••t• ao-. flaga accordingly.
ERR • PAIIAI'E TER ERROR • IFC 0,&.1,7 • n•• on I y acc�t.cl cond1 t• ona .,.e ED. NE,
EXITt1 BNA3G SET 8NR3G+BNR30 • LT and GE.
IFC &.I.L,-3 IF 8NR3G, :1 • TYPICAL USE: IFTST A,LT
BN'4 SET I lFC &.1,A,1 • etc • • •
ENDf1 lFNC &.1.8,2
BNR3G SET 1 IFTST t1ACRO <reQ>.<cond>, [Ll
• GENERATE CAS£ INSTRUCTIONS IF BNR30.1 PAT2T &.2
ERR • ILLEGAL REGISTER &.1 • IFN BM>4,o
02NOO f'IACRO 'r�>,<addr'> ENDf1 LGT2T &.3
Cf'IPI.I &.2 ROT:IT &.I,C
IF BAlLO IFN JINR3G,3
• STACl( CClHTROL
LBNE RPILG . __,__________ TST &.I
ELSE: OPT :IT &.2,T
BNE • PUSH PoSH •-1-BRILG
END IF ENDf1
ENDf1 P6SH MACRO <addr>, COl
ACPIL SET ACP IL +I • c) On condttton code recjpster wtatua
• FIND CASE REGISTER IF ACPIL<17,2
ERR • STACK 0\.IEIIFLON • • Suppoaea that the ne.cled teat haa
OINOD I'IACRO <addr > EX JTI1 • already been made, an4 b&aea Ita choice
IF RG::00>3,9 lFC lt2,Q • on th• state of on• or eev•r•l of the
IF RG200•3,6 EX'ft1AC P2SHO,&.I • condition code reglat.,. flaga. Thla Ia
IF RG::OD•I • the ;eneral for•. where all poaalble
ELSE
G2NOD A,&.l • condltlona are accept•d.
EXqi'IAC P::SH,&.1
ELS£ • TYPICAL USE: JSR F"S
ENDIF
G::NOD 9,&.1 !FCC NE,L
ENDI1
ENDIF • �error treat.ent)
IF RG:!OO,1e • IFEND
• PULL
02NOO 0,&.1 <e•ecution continue•>
IF RG200,9 [Q)
P6LL MACRO
IF RG200•6,o IF ACPIL,2 IFCC I'IACAO <cond>,CLl
IF RG:ZOD-4 ERR • STACK Ef'IPTV • PAT2T a.t
GZNOO u.&.l IFN 8Nf'4,3
EX1TI1
ELSE LGT2T a.2
IFC &.1,0
02NOO X , &.l OPT:IT "'
EX9t1AC P2LLO
END IF P65H •-1-BRIL6
ELSE
IF RG200,I ENDf1
EX'ff1AC P2LL
G::NOO V,&.l
END IF
ENDf1 • END OF THE IF BLOOC
ACPIL SET ACPIL-1
ENDf1
• GENERATE COf9'AR£ I FEND I'IAC1'tO
NT40R SET •
• STRUCTURED 11ACR0-1N9TRUCT10HS
OPT2T f'IACRO <cond>,<cond>,<cond'> POLL
. ··-···----------·············
IFC &.1,&.2 IFN BR1.2G
SET I IF INT40R-•-II )127
• CONDITIONAL STRUCTURE
lFN MILO ERR •' L' AFTER IF•
81.3 ELSE
• There •r• three poaalble conditional
ELSE
• 1natruct1ona, according to the type
LBI.3 RPILG
• of teat ••de. But their aynt&M •• al•llar,
END IF
the1r oper•tlon ldentlC&I: lf the reault
ELSE:
• of the teat Ia TRUE (non :erol, the block
IFC &.1,&.3
• of code IMMediately following •• executed,
9NeP SET I
• until the correapondlng IFNOT or !FEND.
IFN 9fULG
• If IF'NOT •• preaent, the following block of code
91c2 •
Ia ak•pped until the correapondln; !FEND.
ELBE
• If the teat reault Ia FALSE (zero), the followln;
L8&.2 RPILG
• bloc� of cod• Ia aklpped until the correapondlng
END IF
• lFNOT or !FEND, and execution reau .. a there.
END IF • INOTE: Uae of ,.nuau&l for"'a IFNOT and lFENO
ENDIF • Ia forced becauae TSC M&cro aaaembl.,. alre&dy
ENDI1 • h•a ELSE •nd ENOIF MneMonlca.)

• FlN.D CORRECT TEST

OPT:IT MACRO <cond>, CTICl • Accept• logical op.,.atora EO, NE, GE, LT,
e...., SET •
• GT, LE with the aa.... anlng aa In the oe.9
lFNC &.2.,6
• aaaembl.,. or 1� FORTRAN IF lnatructlona.
OPT2T &. l, PL, I'II
• <rev> can be .ny of the proceaaor reglat.,.a
IF 8 ....., 1 2 • exc�t OP, PC or CC. <addr> can uae .ny of
OPT2T &.I, CC,CS
• the legal addreaalng •ode• of the O&e'l
IF I!Ntlf', I.
• lbut an Indexed addreaa lncludlnQ a ca--a ,
OPT2T .I.VC,VS • plua or •lnua al;na, ahould be •n quotea).
IF �.. • Optional para ..t.,. L algnala a long branch.
IFC &.2,T,2
• TYPICAL USE: JFRO B,NE,•e,X+",L FC& Nf 40R-•- I
OPT2T .I,OT,LE • <block o• code> END IF
IF BNef',:l • lFNOT ELSE
OPT2T &.I.EO,NE <block of code> FOB NT40R-•-2
IF BNeP, 3 I FEND END IF
OPT2T &.1,01[,LT
ORG NT 40ft
IF 8Ht!f'• I 1'1ACRO <reg>,<cond>,<addr>,CLl
!FRO ENDf1
ERR • ILL.EIJAI.. CONDITI ON &.I •
PAT2T ..3
ENDf1 IFN BHP4,:1 • ELSE TYPE CONSTRUCT
LGf2f ...
• VALIDATE REGISTER IFNOT MACRO (L)
RGT:IT ...
Cf'IP'-1 &.3 LGT2T &.I
RGT:IT MACRO <reQ>, CC111l
OPT:IT a.2,C IF BRILG
8NR30 SET •
LaRA RPILG
Pt.SH •-1-BRlLO
IFC &.1 , 0,4 ELSE
ENDf1
IFC &.1,8,3 BRA
IFC &o1,U,2
• b) On A or 8 re;lat.,. or ---Y TST END IF
IFC &.1,X,1
!FEND
JFNC &.1, V, I
• Takea adv•nta;• of the oe•• TST P6SH --1-BRILO
IINR30 SET I
ENDf1
• instruction, whick teat• the content•
JFNC &.2,C, 1

'88' Micto Journal

29
• �OOP STRUCTURES • bloc� ot tn•tructton• ml4y rutver b•
• .,,....-Jcuted. Note tn•t for pr•cttc•l c.ochng
• •I TEST AT THE BEGINNING • red•on�. th• tnltt•llsatton •nd ltMlt of
• the reqt•ter •r• set at the b�innanq, but
• Repe A t• • block of anstructtons •• long • t.h• ancr.-ent or decrement le deftned
• •• the leet gave• • TRUE r•sult, wa�h the • only •t the clo•e of the lgop.
• •••• condttaone •• the lFRO etructure. • T'PICA� USE: FOR x.·��98,TEN
• Test •• ••d• •t the et�rt. so th•t tn• <bloc� o f code)
• block of anstructions ••Y not be eHecut•d NEXT x, -::1
• At •II.
• TYPIC� USE: WHI� A,N£,"0,-u• FOR MACRO �req>.<•tn�., ••• �.CLl
'block of cOde> PAT:!T "3
• ENDCASE �•rka the end of the atructure.
EI�OWHI�E IFN 8NP4,11
• TYPICAL USE: CASE A
WHI�E MACRO '"0T:IT "'·,.,
< req>,,cond>,<•ddr),[�l OF e '+
PAT:!T IFN 8NRJ0,9
S.J • <cod• for Add>
IFN BNP�,b LOT2T ....
OF e· -
I.OT:!T &.4 �0&.1 "2 . . 'code for •ub>
AO:!Pl.. SET AD2Pl.. SET •
OF e• •
RGT:IT &I Cl'lf'&.I lc3 (code for ...1 t>
•
CMPS.I t.J IF BRI�O OF" e• I
•
OPT :IT &.:!,C �BHI RPI�G <code for dlv>
PbSH •-1-BRI�G.O E�SE OTHER
ENOI'I 8HI • • t'numbr or VAri•ble>
ENOIF ENDCASE
• END OF WHI�E �OOP PbSH •-2-BRI�O,O
ENOWHI�E I'IACRO ENDM CASE MACRO <riOQ>
NT40R SET • RO::!OO SET e
Pb�� 0 • END OF FOR �OOP IF"C A0&.1,12
IFN &R�20 R020D SET I
IF NT4DR-•+1)127 �IEXT MACRO <reg>,<dlff> IFC B,&tt,te
ERR ··�· AFTER WHI�E• p;,r2T "2 RG20D SET 2
E�SE I"N BNP4,34 IFC o.&oi,B
FCB PGT:iT '-1,11 RG:!OO SET 3
ENDIF IFN BNRJO,'l2 IFC U,&.l,&
E�SE IF BNRJG•2 RO:!OO SET 4
FOB �EA&ol &o2,1cl IFC X."-1• 4
ENDIF E�SE
SET !5
VkU NT40R IFC
IFC Y , t.l , 2
IFN l'R�:o "'00&1 . IL�GAL. REGISTER &.1 •
ERR
BRA AO:Pl.. E�SE
EXITM
E�SE IF
RG:oo SET RG200•1
�BIIA AO:!Pl.. INC&.I
AD:'Pl.. SET 0
ENDIF E�SE
BR�IO SET e
ENDM IF
P&SH e.o
OEC&.I
• bl TEST AT THE END ENDM
E�SE
AOOS.l OF"
• Th e «&MQie•t lAnd f••te•tl po•••ble MACRO (<�ddr>, [�)
ENOIF
• loop structure. requares only • teat PAT:'T &.1
ENDI F
• •nd br•nch '"•tructton �t the end. IFN BNP.. ,29
ENOIF
• Follow• the ••Me rule• •• the WHI�E �GT2T &.:!
ENDIF
• loop, but for •n tMportant eMceptaon: SET •
NT AOR SET
• condttton •• set •nd tested •t the end of P&L� 0
PM.�
• the bloc� of code. •o thAt the block .vet NT20R SET
IF
• be eMecuted •t l•••t once. The beqlnn•ng IFN NT20R,21
�0
• REPEAT paeudo-•netructoon t•kea only one IFN A02P�,b
ORO •-1
• p�r•M•ter. the OPtaonAl L. ORG AO:!Pl..
E�SE
• TYPICA� USE: REPEAT � IF BR�20
ORO .. ,
'block of code) FOB NT4DR-•-2
ENDIF
UNTI� V,GT, .. S•+ .. E�SE
IFN BR�20
FCB
REPEAT I'IACRO [� )
IF Nr40R-••t a::7 t::NDIF
�GT2T "' ERR ··�· AFTER FOR• ORO NT40R
P&SH
E�SE SET ... I
ENOI'I
FCB NT40R+I-• IF BRl�G
END IF �BRA RP!�G
UNTI� I'IACRO ,,..9 >, <cond >. <•ddr > E�SE E�SE
PAT2T &.3 F"OB NT4DR•t - • E!RA
IFN BNP4, 19 ENOIF ENDIF
NUOR SET
ORO NT40R NT40R SET •
PI>� IFN BR�20 ORO NT20R
BRI�O SET BR�20 BRA A02P� IF BRI�G
JUSO:! SET
E�SE FOB NT4DR-<>-2
ORO NT40R �BRA A02Pl.. E�SE
RGT:iT "' ENOIF FCB NT40R-•-l
CI'IP&.I loJ
ENDM ENOIF
OPT:IT &.2,C
ORO NT40R
ORG •-1-BRI�O
• MULTIPLE CHOICE STRUCTURE G I NO O &.I
IFN 8RILG
PbSH ..,.1-BRI�G.O
IF •-JUS02-1>127
• Th&a •• equav•lent to the Paac •l CAS£ ENDM
ERR . ·�· AFTER UNTI� •
• •tr uctu r e . Mhich •!lowe you to co.pare
ELSE
• • v•rlable with eever•l different po•••ble
FC8 JUS02-•-I
• values. and execute thle or that sectton
ENDIF
• of cOde accordang to the result. Here. the
E�SE
• base vart•ble •• one of the reqt•ter• , ....
FOB JUS02-•-2
• •• tn JFAG structure), •nd the onlv teet
ENDIF
• Made as for equ•ltty. There •�• four •aero•
ENDM
• ln the stru cture:
• cl COUNTING �OOP • CASE only deterMinea which re9i•ter Ia ueed.
• OF� r epeAted as many tt�e• •• nece as&ry.
• EMecut ea A bloc� of lnatructlona �lle • tntroduce• one of the poe•able values •nd the
• lncrem.n t & ng or decr eMenting • reqlater • correapondlnq bloc� of cOde. The value may be
• until the r•Ql•ter content• P••••• eo•• • de f in ed ualn9 •ny Addr••••nq mode.
• pre•et limit. Equav•lent to the BASIC • OTHER ia the def•ult option, t•k&nQ c•r• of
• FOR NEXT loop ••cept th•t here the teat • any caae not covered In the OF blocka. It ••
• I• made •t the beqlnnanq, ao th•t the • optlon•l.

30
OTHER MACRO [Ll JSR GETHEX llEGSCT JSF! FI'IS Paaa loadtnv •ddr"'•••
LGT2T '-1 WHILE B,NE, 11!1 Get llat of byte• to co�p•r• JSR FMS
SET TFR X.O JSR FMS
NT�DR
PbLL c STB Y+ STA LSECT And note length
NT20R SET • JSR GETHEX FHS
IFN NT20R, 21 ENOWHILE
IFN AO=PL,o TFR Y,O Co�pute lenvht of byte llat P RGENO LOA I,X
ORG A0 2PL SUBO IBYTLST IFRG A,NE,eB
IF BRL2G STB LENGTH JSR RPTERR
FOB NT40R-•-2 JSR PCRLF !FEND
ELSE LOA •1 Open hie JSR FMSCLS
FCB NT 40R-•-1 LOX aSYSFCB !FEND End of ��n•tn proqra.n
ENDIF :IIA ,� JMP WARMS
ORG NT40R JSR FI'IS
A0 2PL SET .. , BYTLST ECU •

IF BR11.G • START READING FII.E END FALST

l.t>I<A 1<1-'11.... • STANDARD PRE-NAMED !.ABEL EQUATES
ELSE IFCC EO
BRA • I.DY IBYTLST Get flrat byte C840 SVSFCB EOU tC840
ENDIF JSR FMS WARMS EOU •C00 3
COiifl
NT40R SET IFRG A,EO,I2 Check If blnary file tC018
CD18 PUTCHR EOU
ORG NT20R DEC 5q, X CD2 4 PCRLF EOU 4CD::!4
IF 8RII.G LBSR BEGSCT Take aector lenvth CD:!D GETFII. ECU tCD2D
FOB NT40R-•-2 JSR FHS co:sc OUTHEX EOU •co�c
ELSE BNE ERROR CO:SF RPTERR EOU tCO:SF
FCB NT40R-•-1 IFEND •co4::!
C0 �2 GETHEX EOU
ENOIF CD45 CUTAOR EOU tC045
ORG NT40R • I.OOK FOR A MATCH t0403
0403 FMSCLS EOU
PoSH 1!1,0 040b FMS EOU t040b
ENDH REPEAT
9SR ENOTST
ENDCASE MACRO IFRG A,EQ,Y H fi art byte match••
NT4DR SET • 1.08 LENGTH
PbLL Q I.OA 34,X Note po•l tion
NT20R SET • STA CURBYT
JFN NT20R,l5 DECB J• tt a alngle byte?
IF BRI.ZO IFCC N E No, check reat of II at
FOB NT4 0R-•-2 I. EAY 1,Y
EI.SE REPEAT
FCB NT4DR-•-1 JSR FHS
END IF BNE ERROR
ORO AD2PL BSR ENDTST
IF BRL2G IFRG A,NE.Y+ If no match. j UIIIP
FOB NT40R-•-2 BRA NOMTCH
EI.SE !FEND
FCB NT<IDR.--1 DECB
ENDIF UNTil. B,EO,I0
ORG NT40R IFEND
ENDM
• SEARCH COMMAND • MATCH FOUND

• I.OOKS THROUGH A FILE FOR A SERIES I.DY IBYTLST

• OF HEX IIALUES I.EAX 30,X
LOO 0,X Doe• it brtdQ• two aectora?
• YVES LECI.ERC, 12/2182 JFTST CURBYT,EO
DECB Adjuat •ector addr•••
• FI.EX ROUTINES AND ADDRESSES !FCC EO
DECA
WARMS EOU tCOill3 !FEND
GETFIL EOU SC020 !FEND
�THEX EOU eC042 IFRG D,NE,SCTADR If not •••• •ector ••
CUTAOR EOU tC045 STD SCTADR laat •etch, print •ector
OUTHEX EOU SC03C JSR PCRLF addreaa.
PUTCHR EOU tC 018 LOX ISCTAOR
SVSFCB EOU aC840 JSR OUTADR
RPTERR EOU tCO:SF I FEND
FMS EOU t040o I.DA 1'/ Print poaltlon of byte In aector
FMSCLS EOU t0403 JSR PUTCHR
PSTRNG EOU tCDIE DEC CURBYT • EXTERNAl. LABEl. EQUATES
PCRI.F EOU tCD24 LOX aCURBYT
JSR OUTHEX C1F2 I.CIF2 EOU
• INCI.UOE STRUCTURED MACROS LOX ISYSFCB

,, �o•�u
OPT NOL :100 ORG SCI0e
NOMTCH I.OY IBVTLST
LIB ASTRUCA JSR FMS Get next byte o f file
OPT I.IS 100 213 I.CIIH BRA I.CIIll7
!FCC N E
CLRB Flag "end of file" :102 01 LCI02 FCB *01
PROGRAM BEGINS 1<13 00 01!1 LCI03 FCB IH,tH
•
IFEND
:10:5 4:5 LCI0:5 FC8 t4:5
UNTIL B,EO,I0
ORO tCI00 10o 0 0 I.CICliO FCB IH
!FEND
ERROR BRA PRGENO :107 B E C840 I.CI07 LOX ISYSFCB
FAI.ST BRA TRUEST ltJA BO C020 JSR GETFIL
• BEGINNING OF BINARY SECTOR :IIllO 111125 000E I.BCS LCIEF
• IIARIABI.ES '111 108E CIF2 I.OY II.CIF2
:11::1 eo CD42 JSR GET HEX
ENOTST IFTST LSECT,N£
L.ENGTH FCB I Lenght of byte liat '118 Cl IllIll LCII8 CHPB ••
DEC LSECT
SCTAOR FOB Ill Addr••• of preaent aector IFTST I.SECT,EO If end of aector :IIA 27 Ill" BED I.C12:5
CURBYT F!MB I Byte •ddreaeed In eector IIC IF 18 TFR x.o
BSR BEGSCT Go to next
LSECT FCB 0 Remaining lenght of aector JSR FHS And g et flrat byte :tiE E7 Alii ST8 e.v•
!FCC NE '128 BO CD42 JSR GETHEX
GET FILE NAHE AND BYTE LIST 12:s 2e F3 BRA LCIIB
PULS Y
•

12:5 IF 28 I.CI:!:S TFR Y,D

BRA ERROR
TRUEST LOX ISVSFCB 127 83 CIF2 SUBO •tCIF2
!FEND
JSR GETFIL 12A F7 Cl02 STB 1.c1e2
!FEND
!FCC CC,I. Jf no error in n•�• 120 BO C024 JSR PCRI.F
!FEND
LOY UYTLST RTS
31
'68' Micro Journal
 THE COMPLETE BUSINESS SYSTEM
+Multiuser+Highly Expandable+Cost Effective
S+ THE CONCEPT
The S+ system is a modular computer system in
which all portions of the hardware and software are
designed to work together in the most efficient way
possible. An S+ single user system with floppy disk
storage is a competitive and cost effective entry level
system. Unlike most other small computers being
sold as "personal", or "small business" machines,
the S+ system may be expanded to maximum
capabilities using this same hardware and software.
You cannot end up with a DEAD END system that
cannot be expanded and whose software is not
compatible with larger machines. A basicS+ system
may be expanded to thirty-two users, a megabyte of
main memory and hundreds of megabytes of hard
disk storage by simply plugging in, or connecting the
desired upgrade equipment.
TOTAL DESIGN-Hardware and Software
The S+ system is an integrated hardware and soft­
ware design. The two complement and enhance each
other in this system. The UniF LEX® operating
32
system used in the S+ systems is patterned after the
Bell laboratories UNIX® operating system, one of
the most admired and widely used operating systems
in the world. Instead of being an afterthought, the
software is part of the design of theS+ system. You
can be sure that with this approach that all parts of
the computer operate with maximum efficiency and
cost effectiveness.
THE CENTRALPROCE SSOR
The basic S+ system is configured with 256K bytes
of memory and can be expanded to more than 1
million bytes. An efficient and fast hardware
memory management system is used to allocate the
available memory among the users on a dynamic
basis. As little as 8K bytes, or the entire memory-if
needed-can be used by any individual user. This
makes it possible to run very large programs on the
system, but it also uses no more memory than
neces.sary for a particular job. The increase in cost
effectiveness of this system over crude and outdated
bank switching arrangements is dramatic.
'68' Micro Journal
 The central processor runs in both user and super· overhead from the main processor and allows
visor states. It can detect and reject a defective user operation of up to thirty-two external devices at
program. It is impossible for a user program to go 9,600 baud. Without an integrated total design, as in

bad and stop the entire system, as can happen quite the S+ system, it would become impractical to use a
easily in less sophisticated systems. UNIX®type operating system in a situation with
heavy terminal 1/0 acth.ity.
Task switching is accomplished by use of a multiple
map RAM memory, with sixty-four individual task DISK STORAGE
maps. Each task can access from 4 to 64 K-bytes of A wide range of disk storage capacity is available for
memory. Multiple tasks may be used in programs the S+ system, from 2.5 M-byte floppy disks to an
that require more than 64K bytes of memory for 80 M-byte Winchester and many sizes between. All
execution. When a task is completed the memory is disk controllers use direct memory access (DMA)
automatically released for other use. type operations to maximize data transfer and to
minimize overhead on the main processor. The
SOFTWARE Winchester disks also use intelligent controllers
The S+ operating system, UniF LEX® is a multiuser, along with DMA transfers to preserve the perfor·
multitasking operating system based on the UNIX® mance that these type devices are capable of giving.
operating system that has been used for many years Without this distributed intelligence the system
on Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-11 series minicom· performance would be greatly degraded. The
puters. It is considered one of the most sophisti· UniF LEX®operating system is designed to work at
cated and "user friendly" operating systems avail· maximum efficiency with this type disk system. The
able. Variations of UNIX® are rapidly becoming data transfer rates achieved by this combination
standard on mini and larger microcomputers. rival those of large minicomputers.

A large variety of languages are available for use

COMMUNICATIONS
with the system. These include FORTRAN,
A high speed local network communications system
COBOL, BASIC, and Pascal. Word processing
is available to interconnect S+ systems. The VIA·
packages are also available to give you full text
sus® network will allow communication between
processing capability on the system.
systems at data rates of over 400K baud. Such a

Applications programs are available in large quanti· system makes it possible to share data between

ties in many fields. This includes general business. local systems in an efficient and low-cost manner.

medical, dental, veterinary, library and real estate

AVAILABLE SOON
management; plus others. Since the system is
Tape backup-20M-Byte in less than 15 minutes on
multiuser it can also be connected to cash registers
a standard � inch cartridge.
to produce a point·ofsale terminal system combined
with the computer. The possibilities for application Mini·Wini-5 and 10 M-Byte Winchesters-5� inch
of this system are endless. package. Winchester performance, for smaller
systems in a small package. UniFLEX® com·
patible design.
THE 1/0 SYSTEM
The S+ system is totally interrupt driven. All ter· Large Capacity-190 and 340 M-Byte Winchesters,
minal and printer 1/0 devices connect to an 1/0 bus plus SMO cartridge drives.
separate from the main bus. Up to thirty-two
separate devices may be connected to the 1/0 bus at UnWLEX is a registrrrd tradrmark of Technical Systrms

any one time. If 1/0 activity is great enough to cause Consultants. Inc.

an unacceptable slowdown in system operation, a UNIX is a registered trademark o{ Br/1 Labs.

separate 1/0 processor can be installed in the VIABUS is a registrrrd tradrmark o{ Southwest Tl!chnica/
system. This plug-in option removes all 1/0 handling J>roducts Corporation.

SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORPORATION

219 W. RHAPSODY
SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 78216 (512) 344-0241

'68' Micro Journal 33

 1 30 86 01 LOA ., Ct93 80 C0:24 JSR PCRLF
:t32 8E CB40 LOX eSVSFCB Cl 9 o BE Ct03 LO X eLC103
.13:5 A7 84 STA 0,x c1q9 80 CD4:5 JSR OUTADR
:t37 80 0406 JSR FMS CI9C eo 2F LCI9C: LOA e•:!F
·uA 26 7F BNE LCIBB C19E 80 CDIB JSR PUTCHR
:t3C 108£ CIF2 LOY eLCIF2 CIAI 7A CtQ•� DEC LCI �
:t4e 80 D40o JSR FI'IS CIA4 BE Ct0:5 LOX eLCI0:5
:143 8 1 1112 CI"'PA •2 CIA7 80 C03C JSR OUT HEX
:t4:5 26 08 BNE LCI:S2 CIAA BE CB40 LOX eSVSFCB
:t47 bA 88 38 DEC 59, X CIAO 108E CIF2 LCIAD LOY IILCIF2
:t4A 17 01118 9 LBSR LCID o CIBI l'D 0406 JSR FMS
:140 80 0406 JSR FI"'S Cl&4 27 "' 8EO LCI87
:as. 26 69 BNE LCIB8 CIB6 :SF CLRB
:1 :52 eo 69 LCI:52 BSR LCIBD Clli'7 Cl 00 LCI87 C11PB 110
:tS4 AI A4 C11PA e,v Cl89 26 97 BNE LCI:52
:a:so 26 :55 BNE LCIAD ClBB :20 26 LCIBB BRA LCIE3
:ass F o Ct02 LOB LC102 CIBD 70 C106 LCIBD TST LCI06
LOA 34,X CIC0 27 13 BEO LC105
CISB Ao 88 22
CISE 87 Clli!S STA LC 10:5 CIC2 7A Cl0b DEC LClli!b
Clot SA DECB CIC:"i 70 Cl0b TST LCIE16

BED LC178 CICB 26 0P BNE LCID:"i

C l 62 27 14
Cl64 31 21 LEAV I.V CICA eo 0A BSR LCIDo
Cloo 80 0406 LCI66 JSR FMS CICC 80 0406 JSR FMS
Cl69 26 :50 BNE LCIBB C1CF 27 04 BED LCIO:"i
Cl68 80 :50 BSR LCIBO ClOt 35 20 PULS y
CloD AI All! C11PA e.v• CID3 20 E6 BRA LCI&B
ClbF 27 02 SEQ LCI73 Cl05 39 LCID:"i RTS
C l 71 20 3A BRA LCIA.O Cl06 80 04l�o LC106 JSR FMS
Cl73 SA LC1 73 OECB Ct09 80 041116 JSR FMS
Cl74 Cl ee C11P8 •0 C10C BD 0406 JSR FMS
Cl76 26 EE 8NE LCI66 CIDF 87 Cl06 ST A LC106
Ct78 U!BE CtF2 LCI78 LOY eLC1F2 C1E2 39 RTS
Cl7C 31 88 IE LEAX 30,x CIE3 A6 01 LCIEJ LOA t,X
C17F EC 84 LDO Ill, X C1E5 81 08 CMPA Ul
Cl81 70 Ct0S TST LC105 C1E7 27 03 8EO LCIEC
C184 26 04 BNE LCI8A
CIE9 80 COJF JSR RPTERR
Cl86 SA DEC II
C1EC 80 0403 LCIEC JS R FI"'SCLS
C187 26 01 BNE LCIBA
ClEF 7E C003 LC1EF JMP WARMS
Cl89 4A OECA
C18A 1083 Cl 03 LC18A CI1PO LC10::.
C10111 END LC100
ClBE 27 ec BEO LCI9C
C190 FO Cl03 STD LCI03

SMALL/SIMPLE
EXEC·68KECB·68000
U usud. 1f tt h ffl. tt\e t41ble ootnter h t"cremtftttd ef'ICI the neat ent.ry
�� ""11 Ouc:lot
Mocorote lne • • S.. l��\lctor Pt'odt.ICU S•ctor

Eucvtl r'llf two tndt091'del'lt proqr•s on tM Ul!!!ll P11rd· mtc.htAe contents •re restored. An •Tt ts then e..uuted to ,1.-o to the User•,

••rt w1th tn.llnt coOl h dlfftcuh. htc.uttnq -or·t progr••· Stnc.e thh h tht flf1t tt.. thh orocr•,. flu bHn rVA. tht Ot'oqr•

t._lft two h •trv dttftcuh. Tht £CI!l.UC Is • COf'ltf'Ol C<Nnttr tn t..M tllblt should hut bttn ootntlft9 to tH 11'11tultlttton rout.tn• fot'

oro�;�r• t�� t ch Ot"t.ttl.r sh"o1Htts U'lh t.u�. Up to thlt .,.••••

stlitft Ustr Pt'otr•s •tY bt rvn COMurrtl'ltly. but not fh• tnttultutfon routine for tl'lh user or09r• uquesu tnttrrupt servtc.e

thMtltaneoutiJ. ,._, ECaEXEC controh tl'lt UQUiii'ICt tftd (If ne<tJury) fr0111 tht flOC. 1t •ho sets vo •ny o..ru-ettM ntlded hltr fA

durntoft of t_.:tc ul ton 1nd usurH tbat ucl'l uur pro. the trOf!lr•• lflCI then brlnchH to tht -.1ft pt"GgUfll •

91"'-"� rKthts f'QYtl tf.. 1 f desired. Prolihlons •re EncutfOI'I contlnu�s '" tl'le uur oroort" untt1 Oftt of t-o thl nq s htQpens:

Nd• t o tllow UH of l M fnterrvpl vectOf\, •'-' to surt t) the: proqr• reqyeSh t•,...lftttton o r t) the progrM tfl'll!r tfMS OUt. fhe

or �too ottt.r uttt' oroqr-t•s. N!lult h tN uae. TPI.t tntIre ���o�cltn

t e ltet.e h uvfld on tftt User tuct. •M

f:unct 1oftl1 Oesc.rlot ton: the sud pot nttr h \tored In the sun lablt.

liiii.L (2( ... byttl) Tht £CBEXEC tMn b.,tns s.unntnq for •nothtr SUft Uble tnt ry whos.t dt1t.)' h

uro. When tt ftMs tft entry .t'lo_se cllh)' h nro. t t ftttPIH tM \t.cl CIO'fllter

Allo-t vst o f 68X Aulovecton olt.11 tn¥ tlcaht othtr 68l ·f'tctor·s. tro- tt\e sc•" Ub lt ud r tuores tl'lt NCMne JUtt. It U\tn ta.ecvlu '" JtlE to

Allow-� t.�nr proqrt!U to ht ouc:t httl!d or Kt l<�ttlct wt tl\ or wtthout J""'P t o the User"s proqr.,.. If the ef'ld or Ublt h re.chtct. the hecul he Ute._

dth11. h rutored. fnd the t•ble n,.-t tddre-n It relotcttct. the' £Ct(l£C the" beqtn'

A11ows N•l��t��M of 1 uc t:atc,wt ton tt• before te1'1!111h •tton. \.CIMinq frCJ!I t'W twq t nnln q ot thf t4ble ..

Eut11 •rOtd. Ut�lH or cOIIIbtn•d with"'* procv•••· f'ht Pt/1 tl�r h u.th�t d ur tna tl'le enllrt tt11e tht ...ec h ooer.ttontl.

"•loctubtt the lif!IP.r prcwides le,u1 2 inttrl'\tolS ttnry l�O •ll1tsecoftch. fwo fA.I!C r01.1ttn•1

AU. ustr orogrM� opertU In tM USU lll)dlf. h•ndlt lht lilllll!r . TN 1ttttrt'Upt "tftd\tr. tiN1. r@f��Dvet tl'lf tnterruot •l'ld lntrt•

Theory of 0Dtr�ttoft: menu the TICUR •net lhe oroorM th•r. It tlso Cf\Kh lO nt tf t .... prOQrM'I

'"' Urst jot> of tilt EC8EJtc Oft sun ul) h systM httttl httton. fht t h�tr • '· Jf h ts. t"'t tntttt'\ll)t f'\tl'ld1tr btqins the proc,us lo tetw�fntte

tuc.vtht suck h esuolhhed. All tcll¥'1 ustr l)t'OCirt• tfltrlts 111 tht sun lhl oroqr••· 1� TJCU:R conu•fti the <Ot.lftt sinc,e fUER wtl tctht. ftte ttc.Otld

t•lt (te: PCJePCit). wfl t Plt¥t tP'Ittr \UCk.s tnh.ttlhtd. The ucep tfon vee· lilfltr routine 1s ctlltd st•olt Tlt(:lt. liKR•'"'"' the deity c.ountt tor t11

tors •111 bt tftttttiUH tf'ld the tt•r wtl\ bt if'lttttltu-d. Mo otMr fllfd· sc.tn ttblt entrtes. TUf.lt h the ftrst tnlrv tn lht sun Ubte. h 411:U tht

wrt t s tnitttltztG by t- uec. vtlue ot llCKUI •� t Mn cturs t._t JICK[R. h tr.t• tHU each tntry tn the sun

T'M ECKUC now Nqtns to Ktn the Ub1t 1ookhiiQI for or·ogrtlll'l. to uetutt. tlbh. Otl•y c.OUI'\U or uro or SFfFr (foreWJr) •re t\.loped, but •1 1 othert tr"•

n.. ttDlt ltlrl Mdrtu h lotdtd. tNt the d-l'ltv count of tl'lt ftr\l l)r09""" dfoc.re.nttd b1 the lned ••lut of IIU.U. hc..PI •ntry h testtd •Nil/or dtcr·.-ent-

'68' MiCfo Joumal

 ttrrvot ¥ttt.or'1 and turn tad• other on.

Clthy.
Eae•tntftQ t'- ttru tn cttuU we we t.hat tt Ns an tnltttltutton ltttton

A11 ECIEXEC r�uesu ,,... ''""Jed throuQtt TRAP 11. rour poutbh .cttoM cu illftleh It U't fti'St oart ea.tclltH. ICou that thh ttctton "'11 bt utcuttd only

bt r�uutl'd. TN rtquut ftUIII:Ier h Mte,.lnM by 07.1 •• tf'KRM ln tM Ublt OI'KI u ,.o ether Dirt of the oroo_r.,. bttnc.hu to tt ag1tt1. lnhhlhattan

below: co11thU on1, of • rtca��ttt to""'" tf'lt.trruot W"t-Ctor. ht vtCLor nulllbtr, SA2.

� Action Ulttft •� ur¥tct rout tne lddrus. SlOu • ''* bOt" soec1 ftt<J. r� rea\llls
l t ts t..
tn

., re,..fnttt thh routtne fornt,. • ••-<tt to Utt EC8ElC. A ttst 1 s aade upon rttf.lrn to see tt ttle recavest ""'' 9fantt'd

fl femtn.He for dltlty s..ct fttd l>vt no tc.tton h Uttn. After tnht•lhttfon. a tonq dreh.t 1ooo h tncountertd.

(D6.V ��� dthy tount) {qcutton wt11 c ontinue here until tl'le 'oop ftntshes or proqra• tt•-out occurs

f2 Act hne • oroor• (prOQrm tt• OUt OCCUI"S ftNt 1). T..._ [Cfl(l(C tl,.tn•t«S thh DI'Q9t'M Irei JOH

loo\fnq for another to acth"u. tt ftnct.s onh Oftt otfltr, t"t II�R proqra•.

wMdt tt extcuUt. Upon U,.tnttfon of T IME R ft h USUPIJll's tt• to Nft �atl,\

(06.8 hu lftttrrupt wtctor tnd AS.L !'ItS stf'YICt tOtJtlnt [xtcutloft btq1ftl .t\ttt It left off fn the delay 1ooo. The loop ftnht�tt. tnd

OddrHI)
IC) 1000 :50101
T'N ftrlt two riQutlts will not return to the u11lft9 progr••· fl'le JtCOftd 00 I 000 lC3C0012 111JVE,Ij t66t04
001001 '\OFOl051 LE/1.1. tOIJ0010:HrAO
two wt11 return to the ulltr voon COIIP1ttton. In t11 utu of TRAP II, U the 001000 lE3C0003 ..ovt:.a t3•D7
OOIOOC 4£11 'ffi.:AP ••
reqwest-ed nt1on wu Pt"rfoM!IItd, then 07.1 will c.onutn Ultt reqliltst. But tf the OOLOO£ OCa70003 CI'1P, I) •3·01
001012 '\£71 1'101'
rtQuest •n dented for '"T rus.on. 07.1 wtU be CL(AR(O. It h t�rttnt to 001014 203COOOIF'f'F� to0v£,L t131071 •00
00101A ')10
!5. GUI)O,W t ltOO
t:htd thh In tht. user proqrt•l OOIO H. 66Fcl ONE .S t001 1l l1
00101£ 1216 CU<.w Del
001020 287C1A554£19 IOOVE.L .12 ..7 101!18:1 oA-4
001026 911C 1l 6\1(1.1, �·A:!
OOJ. 029 I£3C0002 riCJVE,O t2t07
(ISR), tEED Oftly be ct11td onct durlnq tht lnttttltutton oortton of the ustr oro.. 00102C 4£11 TRAP ..
OOJ02f OC070002 (!>IP,9 •2·07
,,..... 001032 6606 tlNE.S 400l03A
DOl031 1207 CU<.B 07
SilK• Oft1y U Interrupt reqwuu art tvtthblt, reottt.O use ot the ISR w'tl 1 001036 1€11 TRAI' .I
00 1 038 oOOA BRAoS '110010l1
ruult ftt rtfuul sooner or 1tttr. 0010311 207C!!:i531:552 IIOVE.L t J43l 520�9 .. . A1
OOIG10 ?.A7C5017<t032 riCJVE,I. tl316S:,O0 '18,A:S
COIII>Inlnq U<tr 'roqro•< W1tb tbt (CII£1£C: 001016 3C3C0001 IOQVt!,W .... ()6
0010""' 1EX0002 IOJE,Il tZt07
Tht ((l[l(C .,It bt 1 otdtd Into .NI. Aey •••• or ottthg H tMrt h 0010•E 1£01 TRAP ••
0010 :50 110£2 llRA.S •oo1031
t«t�t•le. It dOH not 1\nt t4 ORG u '""· but tt h sucagut.td. It h tuter OOlO:S2 f"FFI' oc.w OFJ'I'F
001051 1E73 RT£
t.o ,....,. OM.t tll User proqr,., he.,. bHn tddtd. 0010� f'f'H' oc.w OFFIT-

lo.ct tf'll Utt,. oro;rlta'l tt�t.o RM beitMtt'Q tt 11"' or Just tbO\'t or Mlow TUIOR L.? ) 1'10 2000 :illllll
002000 '1C3C0013 IIOVE.EI .67r06
tM (CI(JEC tf tt tt not tt S8... Aft ns�ly 1httfl9 or tht User Ot'09f"ll'lli h 002001 10f'02 0G1 I.J!A,L •ooOD%0S1•A6
002000 IE3CO I03 PIOV£,(1 t3r07
oo zooc E11
1 TRAP tl
00 200 £ 01:070003 D1f',8 +3r07
0020U 101 HOP
002011 203CD00 ll'n'F ..ovE.L •1310/1·DO
dtu,..tnn the order of uecuttDft. lhh CW"Ob1M h lett cQ�tPhtety liP to the U1er. 00201A 5310 sueu.w tlrOU
G D 1.Dl C 6ciF6 90£.,6 0002011
Perforw 1 .,_,,., 8041 fy :L on the uwr IH"otr• II entry tn t he sun Ublt. 00 ?0 1 £ 1i''t6 Cl.l�.w 06
002020 :!97C1A-SS"\£4B ..OVR,L t1217l01567,A1
.
If t tUfferent ne.. h dutrtd, tl'lttr H. Mow JI'IOdtfy tl'tt Dthy c�Nr'tt. If Ut 002026 99CO UUB.l A:!ol\5
002020 tE:lC0002 ..ov£.9 tZr01'
oroar• stlauld be eucuhd 1-.dhtlly. enter '""· fllow 110dt fy the PC»! couftt.tr ao?,o:•c 1€'11 IRN' ••
0 0202( OC070002 cw-.a t2o07
Htry. (nttr tt.e UQRD sttrttf'ICI tddrtn Of tr.e user Ot'oetr111 11 t'ttrt. The ntl't 0020:12 6606 �.8 t00203A
002031 120/ Cl,R.B 01
UIORD tfttr PC'JIIPC tt the P roqr• Su et 1 out ton. (ftUr tN Uur sud: tddrHs U020:16 1E11 fkN' ••
002030 600<1 tlh""A.b •007.0 t'l
Mrt. flit User SUd: MUST be It hut SS' ,.,,, tn ltftill'ft fo,. t•cf'f user proqrp, 0020:111 2EI7Cs:-.:I:JO,,;z ..cM.t. t l1:H!J.Z0591rnq
oozo•o 2117C:S01/1031 HOVI;.L tlJ16tf500Y/ot\�-.,
ltMat tMs Pt'Oetu �t11 tl I User orogrMt trt enured hto tl'loe sc•n tmle. 00 �016 3C3COOU1 Ml�.w ....()6
oozo•A IE3COU02 11CJV� o(l ·�,()/'
It h IU41)elltd thtt 1 cooy Of t'M: tnttr-e Pf'·OCI'Ifl ([1£C•US(R) be U•H 0020·� �11 row> 4 I
00205 0 60£2 IJRA,S •oozoJ1
at U'h pout. o o:·o�.� Hlf oc.w tf-
l FFI
•
0020:!1 1 10�1 1<11:
1t a dUttrtnt t•ttcwtton .tddreu I� dutred, Ute t��f'lo1t l)fOQr.-. .., bt 002056 N'FF oc.w ., f .. ,

reqwst h Ndt to act tvue • progr• c,alled 'JUNl A loo\ It tN Klft

Ublt tr'l MSOI.UTE tftd I!IUit be 1110dHtect for the Pf"OCJ:rtlll to n.n et '"' ot,_.r table tbowl that tht ECBEX_[( wt11 rtvtr·n tft trror Mctust 'JUII: • dOll ttOt

tddr•n. flt.e ECN;l(C ttulf U CC..DIItth rt10cet.blt. tatu. Fortunntly, t ttst tt INdt on 07.1 to dettmtnt It tht rtqlollllt..t ectton

wn Ukt.n. Sfnet the l"tqlle\t vu rttvnd. '" tttliiO t to acthat·t tnotMr pr09rM
The prOQra"' ""tY bt tttrttd by t•.tcutti'Wf tt tM ftrst toutton of tht
oc<.ut�- Tl\11 ttll'le tl\e rf'Quut Is to Ktlwatt •usu_p�· wtth • .,.,, of c

(tbout 1 uc). Stn'e •usrJPGit2' dots e•1tt. tMs l"tQuelt wtt 1 bt or1nted frlow
....

tnr, no ct.eck h 1111 dt to bt ceruin of •t. Tht tau Job of tMs oroqr• 1 1 to
lnttrruou for Whtch no ISR •u (lranttd o r Mltc:ft tr·t unuMCI 1n the QP•
ttn�lnne ftu1t. It dots 10 wttrt t Oth_y of fol"t.,.r. Thh ••n1 that tMI
tretiOfl of tl'lt UEC art IM'tlntthltnd lttterruots. Then tnu,.rupu alt "'"

t'- �- tffttt on tN U1tt!ll. ,.,._ 681t ltatus rt9httr h 1 otdl4 with 127,.
aethe.
aftd U'tt orocesSOf' noos. If the ECII(l[C ttoe»s t.tst• oe»rttlon thh h usually

tht c.ne. Plan an ISR �you t•Ptct Interrupti to occur.

A Sl��toh (a.,..pte:
Two st-ole Uur oroor.ms -.rt us.. d tn the Olbv4t1"9 of t"e ECilXEC.
scan Ublt ot tM [C8ElEC and CW'OqrM 11ntnqs appear below:
thh uu that tnstructton h a br•ndl to the wa,. start ("ttr tnhhlUatto.n).
,,..
Ktt!' thh hi .-ind ..,,. wrtttn9 your own CltOV•'·
The M<.Oncl u•aplt CM"oqr• t I dt fttf'lnt trOll' tht fti'St Oltly tf'l tl'ltt tt

reau.su ust of ¥ector I'IU..,.r SAl. tl'ld turM Oft •USERPCiMl'. The eHtct of
Tht blo tuMDit proorMJ art al lilt t.ace.ot thet tMy call ell fftrtnt tn-

'68' Micro Joomal 35

 otl'\el" • 4f'ld dthy MhOUI. l/'1 U<Gnd bt!t-e.en U4CUt tftQ. Aft¥ t ff!lll!' \Dtftt. non-�• · 11 !-�tu.tn!l'U IUIUit)l,tt I•Cfl•f't U •tt• IUU tUU
U .,MIChl ,._,,,,h ...... . .
, ...... . Ut t•J •• hiU ... tHt
fiCiilt. 11'111 0,.011,,., h totftt vannlno In t.l\6 E:Cfll[(. ..... u t '"' 11 '"'' ,-_, •' ut tuur
"'"'"
:i ru=�!! :!�: Ut" ... �N-· .. ,.... ,,,..
II •NHfh t�t• '''"' ''•'"'""••••
..
Any tyP«t of .,,e,. Pf"OCV'.,. fllty 0. " ''" witPI the lCIU.£C. How•wr. • ftw I•

\uqqettiO"S wtll � ..dt. 5t•v awn froa long Min looos or DOllhiQ ro.tttnei.

Tr1 lnterrutt drhen 1/0 tn:ste•d. Rul t1N doehY\ .,.y � catMr•ttd but ..tch u �.,. tli\fft IW '"" .. K•• htot
II ....UtH hllfohl .... ttt: .... ,, • ••
.,.,.•••
lNt:.nt ut:tfn .,_.,
tf'llt t,;,.cutton tit��: or othtr proqr•s. C'-Oou t� oN•,. of Ot'09'"'' In the .• ..,.,.,,,;,.,:;)1 �:� ttu•c...,.•
•• •�nl to;.*� ' .... tHht•\.•1
.. �,.,,. ,.. ;� ·
.., IUUI It
"·'
... .
.........ttl
.
lfitrt Uf't. PosttiOft In the ubte u h IS ....
taiolt .,.,., t-oorunt. DOUtb1t
:; :=:!: ;::�� tht• Nlt!U
. , ... .
of �f) IUhUI "·'
"w of
"-"''*' "· ····
to N!qr.ttst the tvo lnurruDl vector1 1111h tcPI tftt (UU.tC "'"" durtft9 tu .J)O))t .... nt• ••M-"•• ''-'-''
. h U -t hUf
.. . , , ,. ._, . .. . . .... ;:�;:· MlU 4.wtl
1Q J,OfXtii)IN((:JCI · . t<lft"l 't..••
oa.r•t loft. to cr.sl'lu tl'le ((fl(.l(C. woe;,_,, ......,.
·
' " ""''
Oo•nq � ..
u ·
.,.
U Mtwttll tMM»• ..., ' •-& '""'"'
U NtMtt" ''•*• .. ... ' '"'' ..'"'''
Utlno lVI� wtt• tho ECII:l[C: 4Ut-' ••Nt»U.tf:
:; . l .MIIu t UtkUt .... "¥\tl'
1'0 o-..a co . . .O�UI thhUI .
... """"·'· lllt.t ttNt
.. U-•1

000859 51 1V 10 1!1 !',, 10 20 .!U OU 00 00 110 DO 00 DO ut nrek

0001160 00 00 0 20 00 00 01 0 0 � �J 1� r,1. :;o 'V <�to ... te ••• < • • • r u,rh• t. r u ..._,, . .. ..,.,, ., ... ,.,,.,
U00879 0 1 00 00 0 0 00 00 00 OU 00 00 10 "" uo 00 •• uo
000009 55 53 15 :IZ SO 17 10 37 rF n: 011 ou oo ao uu oo � rk ,-: t'l ? • • • • • • • •
-r .... ,.,, ,.._., ,....
u•• ' Uttot ••••
�:, � ..� :Jl :_\U 11 ott) .Jl • • • • • U .I.t:. kf'
t "'
"t t
···- 0 0 00 20 u 00 00 �0 00 *'· ' . uuutt
'"*'...tt•
OOOIWI F> fl' OU 00 0 0 00 00 UO 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 :::� '
. ............
ooo!<OO :;s :�:;o 15 s:z :;u v •o J1 rr FJ o o 110 uu ou oo uo I.U J< ....... ....... .
..,.. ...... .. " ..
0 • • • • 0 • ·' r:.l.J<F'Ctl:;
'-'""''' UU•ttl ......
OOOOCB 00 00 00 Of OD DO 00 00 5'!", :.0 1:5 :s� !10
17 1() :rl ;N�t•� l"hUI
·�·�· "" ' '' ...... .
. ... ,
)MJlltll , ••, I n • • ,.,_.,
Fl H 00 00 00 tlO 00 OU I)O 00 00 00 OU UU 00 UO ••
.
.....
l.tff•t · � .,
0008UO •• s:Mt-u .... x.o: ""'
ooooc a 3 "' 5 :;z :, o 17
s::; 5 "\0 36 If. f f OU 00 UO 00 DU 011 IJSI.I<f't.M • • • • • • • • tt t4.JOU& ( )tft� . 1 1\ff fft
' " ' '- ..,."
OOOOFB 00 00 UO 00 00 DO 00 OU !\� � 1� til '!iU 1/ 10 �
'J • • • • • • • •tL'.t.,.f(t�/ UtU•U O�t.»:t ' '
u GOIIUfh OC".))). . '"'' ,... ...
000900 n· Fl 00 00 0 0 00 DO 00 oo uo ua ou oo ou oo ou
:! .... '"f'l-ll" "
�:·
a.:MtU UUUU " ' ''""'.... �
fUttiR I .2 f'V"' 8$0JL II ..,.."''"'"'"" "·'
:::
•n• ••••-'••J
5H9101�t 1 ,..,;::,!) ,,. 1'(•• tu.n uwu
oooa:so
;! WMitCI.IU*fl .
, .. ' ••U•t •ua.
00085C SZ.:'O?U%0 ? " ta•o:•u OCJMtH ···� ' tunut
...� ' t:,t(OIII'IIU
1)0Utl60 ooouooua f �tC·:.C.�
:: tu:.:.c;: •:.;;�:• ��-� ' ''"'''Jitlfl
000861 oooooouo • .,
ooo068 ooooorzo 1 .. �,.,u uuuu .... ..... ...........
'lUI •tJ!lt .. 1
1
.
..
00086C 000001'00 1 :;
)!�u••:•'4JU
:t<MCMI ••••
"·'
c;•• ..... ,�.
..... HUll 0\11
·� .,�:;:�n: ... �

n
GU0tJ70 �'\5!'i2 IIUHU
w.Nltl) .-:.. u.� .,;.c-.n•
00011/1 :IOV'IO:ll 'I :-
.
.... ntt•O>thttt
KU!Uh t:t-�:t•
000878 00000000 >
!! .,;;:��n•• nu.ut c;�� •u• ···•·- •••J
0008 7C 00000000 ,
" ))»fttt .,,. , ,.
. S.:.o\ M\tfltMI... I...
000060 OOOCJJOOO , " .:t)N•·''"" .... fU H CIIW'II
IUXt•t H!JtlOU u•• a cuu •• t. S
000891 00002000 ? wt):f."t. I+X�,._ ...., ....,
:;
., :)I.J:lt•t ,.:X):•
•:.:�
!!:! ,., ,,...".
8
00000 �1 !)
"'
,? � ' ···� '"'' "'""'
"'"'"'
oooeec 50411032 �� !!
1000'10 fl FFDOOO I
.. ....,, ... ...,., "·'
: : :
:: : : : : ::::
00099-1 00000000 �; :� nn:•h""'"'
t a:=...... ., ::� lhlf '"""
tU ift '1 -' t.
:MOtlllt �,,,..;,
100ij9\l 00002000 ? !! �e;·�.)O· :::� ........
UI_.,U NtKl .. u.� ...
, '--*""'l'tl
UOOII9C 00003000 � ...
...� u.c. .... u •
... H.JUIIIUOHlh
ooaa-o �45$2 ) "' OC')UIIt ...

?
...
UOOOA1 50Jt/1U:r.J .•.
OOIIWl f Ffl' OOO O 'I ...
. ..,... ,
, _ '""....... ....
ltOOI\C 00000000 ? : .
, . . . . . .. ...... .. ....
... ..... , ... .
::
000000 I .
• ... . u. . . . . ...
000000041 ') "'
... ..
ooooo• oooooooo ? u.... . . ... .,..,
:
..

•ooooo 55!\31��2. f : :
"' :: : ........
..............."'.
... .... u

UOQO(C �01/1031 ��
...... -. nt ..-..... ,.utuuu
OoOOCO t JOF F 000 0 f r�t.anHI'Ct•. . til• t.tt htU Unt •••Ut
�........ "'' t•n ...., e.ttct ultttUt
ooooc• oooooooo ' ...... ..
000(1(;8 uoouoooo ' ,....-uttoU ..., •••• ""''' •u-c• Mitt
........ Ut.. t.ttiUU It
ooo.occ OOOOOilUO I tMUif..l••f ....... . . . . . . ..,
f....t..4"ChU .. . ,........ .... ...
oaaooil :.:�J<t�.l ' .... . .., ... l t.hft
000801 :,011'40�• 7 .,. -..., ... til • IU t•tn
••,...... .lit•·.. -....c.. . ... ..... ...,•
IIUUI--100 II�� 1000 ; .. h. t.t.t tlti! Ut
00000000 ? ''"''' ta •u• �
OOOIIOC
• 001 .. 0 UUOU U00 1 ) I ••,.... 1-ht-"'t:t , ..,.,,,..,tiNI.-t
UOCUIL'1 OOUUOUOO J �
.. -
· · ··"
, .. .,.... ...,..... " '"
.c ,,.,.,,.
IJOGII(R ���1�2 7 ........
n•o,a• ...J

DIU'" L :,.(111'tll36 ; ...... ., ,�.,..,. ,.,,, Itt ttMtU

... . . ... ....... .
•ll.ltJ.t•
stD•Ha."'
Q f HI 0000 '
OOUOIJI)(ItJ �
cuo..u ....
t.))IHofUJ()I)OU
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'68 Micfo Journal 37
 REGULATOR
a. r·v. I''" aetvaUr lon �·•n• a bn ot ...., • •llUc t ooepllwa.
ne "-' or ....,tuJ.. M.l .,.. tou "'-•• "' ,.._ FOO..U, ••,.•l&llt s.a u.
k&lUUilo .._ l ... tr?liC te plaoe ••• .U .._ U. •laoe, lut.., et Jut
•u•. t Jw.et .,.,.. tMt 1 Ortfl• ana•u .. • ,.,.. ....,. &M •.oa.. .u-. ot.._.
.
.,...��,ot•, ,...u.,. •••• a t,.. P1l'll• �· uw.,..,. ... t • La U• JOalUoa

PROBLEMS
otM&nc rtpp.. ott, waua l ou .. .. .... ._ IN\ na .. ltJ ..,.. .,. ,u r• • 1\.
..
*7M U wwlda't .... . t a lt. N ..... U r.r o.t v • ....,.. , , .... M � .... . ..
nat.e.et ...,_, u. I ...-.. ..,..,.,. aul.. ....,Ut..U.I ,,.. ,
...

by Peter A. Stark •tv'lllr. t ... , ............. ,.,. '" r..... ... ,.. .,... tt at
..... .., wr o,
... .... t ... . 1-.. ,_...,....,...,a�.... '-• ... '" ......
f"J
. .,
1\M....,. I •••t UM r• •• ..a. ...,, UUl I .., t.M ,...., t • l001:1Jte
The power supplies In S-50 systems deliver tor-, ,_ W'U1 lill Lr•tN u tUtt er.. tlJ' ,...._ "' ou• ft.tl....,l. T" will ..t

unregulated power to the motherboard; each board In

U.o .... ..._1 .. opUt.ea. '" will •'- t.M ..,.. aa"'"'t• ...,_ .... ,..10111.
,.._ oalJ CJ.t·tw-- w-Ul til \H 1Utl.a CWM I fW'efiiNHit t19W ..., w_ .. I ....

the system then has Its own voltage regulators which .. .

,

reduce the supply voltage to the required value and

regulate lt.
On some boards these regulators consist of a
discrete circuit with one or more transistors, bu�
In most cases boards use three-terminal regulator
ICs such as the 7805 for +5 volts, the 7812 for +12
volts, and the 7912 for -12 volts.
I have several times run across three-terminal
regul ators which oscl Ilate and produce strange
looking output vo ltages which disrupt the operation
of the board and, In some cases, the entire system.
In most cases, these osc l l lations can be stopped by
bypassing both the Input and the output of the
regulator with 0.1 uf capacitors, as close to the
regulator as possible. In some cases larger
capacitors may be needed, and perhaps the best
method Is to use tantalum <not electrolytic)
capacitors of 1 to 10 uf.
Most plug-In boards have such capacitors near
the regulators, but some do not. I have run across
the problem with some DSO 16K memory boards, which
have four 7805 regul ators, none of which Is bypassed
on the Input. In some systems these boards wl I I
simply not work until bypass capacitors are added.
It might therefore be a good Idea to l ook at
each three-terminal regulator In your system to see
whether It Is properly bypassed on both Input and
output; If not, then soldering smal I capacitors on
the bottom of the board, right at the regulator
pins, might be an excel lent Idea.
Next time you have the motherboard taken out of
Its case, It might also be a good Idea to add a few
bypass capacitors on the bottom, between the +8-volt
unregulated line and the ground bus right next to
It, up front In the 50-pin section as wei I as In the
JO-pln section In the rear.
If you have an extension card (which plugs In
between a board being tested and the motherboard to
bring a board up above the others so you can get to
It for testing>, a few bypass capacitors on the
extender board might also be worthwhile.
BIT Bucket
word•s worth
'·0 ••• ,.....
Oeu-. Tu.• ISV'I
,..,.,.,.,t 1M)
&a o,ee lAU.,. t.o a ftaetr
Edl'tor's Note : This Is no Isolated happening. Unlike
many other �roup s, ours has In the past not been known
as software copiers' . However, I have from time to time
heard complaints from software vendors, of this sort of
thing hap p ening. In one particular case a software
venaor did start legal proceedings In a situation
somewhat like thIs. The case never came to court as the
group •attempted' a mass recall of the copied software.
Also the guilty Individuals were known and In two cases
their employers severed their empi9Y'T18nt, due to possible
adverse publicity (they were In the computer business).
How do I know? I was a technical consultant, hired by
the complainin g company, to determine If the software
copied was actually the 'real thing'. It was.
Sl nee the advent of the color computer I have seen an
upswl ng In this sort of Ille gal practice. In casual talk
t o some vendors It seems that they are becoming more
alarmed about software thieves. It seems that the
expense Is skr:-hlgh to prosecute such a case. However,
a s has been done In other trades, a mutual cooperative
fund could be set up, by all participating software
vendors, this to cover most or all of a large p art of the
cost In a few well d ocumented Instances. A 9Q9d stiff
Judgement would certainly slow down this practice. It
was noted b y the attorneys In the above case that If a
club was Involved and the officers had knowledge or even
should have had �nowledge, of a thing such as this going
on within the club, they also could (as well as the entire
membership) be field persoftalty libel for any damages
awarded by court action. Now that can get pretty
ecpenslw for- the Innocent. Being a memlier of mosf
clubs also entails a lot of responsibilities. And sure
could flatten the pocket book In a real hurry. So If you
are a member of a club or g roup that steals (copies>
copyrighted software, you are In II ne to have your wallet
depleted.
I constantly hear complaints about software �hleves.
However, If the offended parties don't do anything then
there Is not much can or will be done. You will , .lust
contInue to be robbed and have to smile about It. r will
d o all w e <68 MICRO JOURNAL> can to help stop this from
hap pening . But it takes more, It takes a cooperative
effo rt on the part o f all software vendors or a very
expensive action on the part of any particular one.
Even you hardware manufactures have a role In this
also. The day has arrived that It tllkes more than just
a computer and allied hardware to hold position In the
marketplace. Without ooocl software your days are
numbered. I don't care wno y ou are or how long you have
been 'In the business•. If software becomes so expensive
that your customers can no longer afford It, or you
competitors can provide better and less expens lve
software you are In bl g troublelllllllllllllllll
68 M(C RO JOURNAL fs planning to host a software and
hardware manufacturers and dealers g et together. Not
a club or organization, but a getting together and
try! ng to Iron out some of our p roblems. Just because
another company Is your competitor does not mean that
you do not h8118 some of the same problems. No users or

l � •• ...,..al oo•a&... ,...,.. r� lM\ ,..,.• .,.,. a t'ehUftlF tar..
UD ol8 111Uoll •u •Urlo.i tor U.o Mtlw.,. t.Mn. la fM\, ,_,. ... 1t
tat.Al t.Ua ol.. •••• ..,..,. • ...,.�,...., -.c&ue �- ..,.. au.UaUo at tM
..u. tor \a. ew"M of OOIIlal dM:....a\.IUH.
t rw ..,... ..., ..\Mr ......., - lilf• l'Ua u.., u. r-..•a..
1&1'.,... .. ,..., u.. ....,., •t tau ..,.ueu.lw old ... tU.e .. • oou..u..
at .. t1 tMJ.r ..u... te .,...,. " -., Ja.,l...C. • ,.. •.,.t.·t� �u-c
oeetUw o1 wu• l .. \.M ..Je u...... dlltrl\llltw. ,,..,..u,, u. ..,. •
•J• 1..- u to Jut 111M wu ..1 .. to ,_. ..U ..- .. tM or..,.. Ot9t-...lt.
..... J.al.Mii \0 ...... t.U.I prOfif"lO� ,...•.. .,....
... t...,. lM\ tM7 .....
non-commercial typ es wll be Invited or allowed. This Is
Just an opportunity to share �n thoughts and
discuss � n problems. If you desire to participate
please let me know within the next 60 days <b( July 1st>.
S o I think we all should realize tl'iat I we steel or
copy (little difference If we give It to someone who has
not paid f o r the right to u s e It) It will someday be
either be too expensive or no longer available •

"' u..• ...,, o1 w.... u t.a.ar '-!laue """"'·

It's up to you!
It ..., ... l .. ,...,, LU Oll.lt. ,.. . 1 MlbJ...
. 1
.... at le.ul lltt ,.t.

ftw' .,...,. vrt."' wlUL&.a • t.. ..,, .r tM U.. t •.,_.� n. I .,.aa DMW - - -
- U.. ........,.. trU-' • ..,.,.... 1-.out JUt .,_ W ...til. ,..... le ULle
1. -. v. ... .. ... , . .. ..... ... rut u . ... J\Uit .,.u 0t11 tetot.a 1a t.a.
,...
.._.1._ U..t • .,... ..s_.. rl..,.. ott. DIGITAL AESEARai CPIJ+.6a(
Motorola has reached an agreement to sell the D igital
,_. ._.. ts.r.t u • .._ ... 1 nut.ell tld
. a ,... l "'- • t ta u ....,, 1 r
•
• U.r
......,. t.e 4•1t U. W.l•••· f ... ..,... t . • ..,., U_.61 ..... ... ,.u• •
_.t
• ...... , ... tM 11... .-. .tfwt \e .,.. _.. ..
&I ... wiUI .... 1 ..,.. \ JIP1... f oeul Research CP/M-68K o pe ratfng system for It's M68000
., ..,.,..,.. vu.a .... ..,...., .....,._, .,_.._ o•�UJe • to -.&-..Ur "- ....,..,
,_ u. tU...... Uu, •ua ..- ...
based EXORmacs•.

38 '68' Micro Joumal

 Also we were Informed the-t LSI 11 pest advertiser In
6 8 MICRO JOURNAL• hes also ree 1
cned en agreement with
Dlgltel Rese&rch to license CP/M-681< for their new 68000 .,..., Ot..Mk�
board for the Stenderd S50 Bus. The LSI Stenderd S50 04IS"'IAAI.D. ltotO. &)011
Bus 68000 CPU cerd(s) with CP/M-681< will be ed\<ertlsed ..,.�.. ... ,.., IJI4fiJ...O»
soon. The ev& ll& b l l l t v of other softwere such es CIS
COBOL• for the 68000 will &llow many popul&r 8 end 16 bit
microcomputer pro gr&ms recompile access, bringing to
t h e S t e n d e r d S 5 0 B u s 11 w e a l t h o f t i m e proven
eppllcetlons softwere.

CP/M68K Is ectuelly Implemented In 'C' end Is shipp ed ct•u.-.uc. n• ..... l... �tu, .u... '"" •u••·•••rua"' eMr.Uaa
with 11 complete C run-time p&ckege . Estimated cost Is
u
....,..,., U'l• ......,... '111 •�·•tl"'l •••,•• Itt aOt!U.ca la -.\S·•••r
In the range of S350.00. It melnfll ins file comp etlblllty :::;:�!!:;.t!:;J.t4Ul eua •• tewt u c.._ _,..,. •• ,...,. ,... u-..heMMt ••
J •

with ell D l gltel Rese&rch operating systems. Files from

other 8 end 16 bit microcomputers run ning these systems
lfii&Uat r.lu•• ar ""':..•u
..
':'•• u ror .s•'lPC $t4t c•111it1.era. ""'
1
c & n be transported with no conversion to 68000 based
.
;:;:�::· "'r� : .:!·;.::. !1!���-!:r � �it.':r�: ::i;"::•;:;:�!.·�:'-:�1
'

,........
.

machines running CP/M681<.

tfiUI'Io\fl r•qllll"tt '"" at UJI for '"" •r�'l,.• lu•: tf'wt • 7\h '""
••;,�.f '
In eddltlon to Motorol& e n d LSI there ere other
•U�"' f•"•tr�rC•t•'"I"'Cli�
• t•,·•lr•tt. or
•••ral\0111 o" 1-

�:;,:�::; ;:"a,.:�•;:�!!:.��� (::;,.!•�:::�!�;.

UU\IOatl a.-erJ ••
popul&r Stenderd S50 Bus manufacturers who will be aft

offering their up-gr&de to 68000 h&rdwere peckeges with

.,n.�!u:.• :;!· !,:�;t!:•:�:f:' ! i�!;: ;:! :: 1�: : ,,_:;�;, t�·h'!i'!:;:;:;
•
this system stend&rd. We will keep you Informed &s they
'
, ,
• t•'-• ••.t• ' '" .-t.uh a tOt"\
neer rele&se.
• .tttttt.or• 0• yew •'ll"' va til H••
,,x.a u
•• ,,.••,.. ..
'
u

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1,.r,a•• 01'1 lht llttf •f tL-.t, •�• OO•t ,.., otf�r flltt•ort !llf'O\tCtlOft .,.
·�fttil' fiUtUU �� 0 twt... a,tt-1'1 •vtU•w.. r UU••· lfhtt. �Uit'" I 410ft to
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PMUS RILUSE
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twn
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OIWII TO l"llOOUCI•U GWl Ill 4809 SYSTEW
at 'C( 8ooUt IP79.;&jl

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'68' Micro Joumal 39

 The bulltt1n board. C41led 'SIT BUCKET', 11
located 1n Pottland• Oteaon. cwtttntb tu"a on
It
I •OUid Ilk• • 1 yNr wtnc:f'icltlon t• tM II MICRO JOUIIINAL Cc:h«k
.ndoMCI),
I •l.o ••f"'l .. C:CMI:Ph,._,t you Of"' the q\114ilhy .r the ..oil••'• f'•v�e•t. AI� •• hoaeou1lt �809 l>ltt•• undet FLEX. Tht ltltt•
dont tM
, .. ,....,� ot the Oy"''•t• dl wu • .o t.,. '"''"" ... � .,... u.. •fill) 11 written 1n TSC XIASIC, whiCh hal llttn •od1f1td
I tltwll) IIIOuql't t • COPY. It ...,..,_. U �v•rll..cl .a-"CC IN doc....,.U110ft ••• to h&nola ao•• of the �•cul&&rst&el of r••ote uae.
tu9e,. \ly ""'' uw ••• ., ....,,,,� tl"e 'LE.Xtt Cu•tot •M COP'I utthhu M Tht a.att• runs •1th 3 Shuaatt 5 114' S�SD dr1�e••
on.pt.y tJ\4 f•l• ,,...,..., tlltu •I'MI •• p,.•..,... U'\4111 dwf'l"9 di.._ v-.""'•"· •I'-"
• qooc1 e11wu.-w tN ,oo ••• '"'" .. '· and • cuato• bu1lt tltccron1c d11� dr1••·

•.
.,.,,.
. The �ur�o•• of the •••••m Ia to ••••• •• •
aener&l ,u,,ose bulleltn bo&rd. C v r re n t l tt user•

••• re•d ano l•••e ••••••es on the •••cea. Also

,,..,. J Wlltot"t •••ll•ole are 1nlo•••t1on f•l• • lotht• 88 ••••e••·
lUI l� ''·· Apt J
... c.. tun
C o • t • w. FLEX •nd OS-� nous. ecc.l. Phnneo
,.,,o�•••nta/&ddstaont &re one ••• ,ravate aa1l
(froa Sratea U�trator to a Ultrl• 1/Siea Hel�
0...,.. ,.,. • Wt 111 •�• t
flies. and �oaubl• a oo ..nloadablt att of FLEX
utal&tJ &no other ,rotr•••·
Th•nwe for o�blt,htnQ ay 4�t,c 1e. •FteM 8ae.a
Fl•�•Dle p,,,t Sv•t•�·. T�• '•'•t new• t �ad t�•t vOY �•d
�uDlt•hed it '" t�• M•�ch '••u• w•• • teleo�on• c•ll f'o• • The '''''"' runa 24 hours • OAt• w1th
'e&d� f'o- Oeorq•• Mho c•lled to t•lk •oout hOM �• coulo int.erru,tion• occ&ataon.tll, for toftw&re urar&Ciea.
Ad•e»t the •CS••• an tne •'tlcle to ha• co•p..,t.,-. It •• b&cku''' a nd other �• snt&an&nca. The lrtte•
• •t•efv&r\Q to oe •Dl• to nelo •o-.on• ••P'o"'• tf\eu·· FL...EX
off1c1•llr at•tttd o�er•t1ne on Januarr 1. 1�8J,
.,.t...
&nd h&l been ver1 tvccettful to t•r. ln & an&oe
eur. th.,• •• • proo t .. •&th the •rt&cl• •• over 2 Montha of OPer&t&on, there ha'• oeen o-er
granted. Your P••t•-uo o.,.•Oft left out t-o ltne•. They .re 2100 c•llers. w1th 'ulte a few ftoa outlldt the
t�e lanea •t •A�lC to tA�lF tn SET�tNT.C"O• �- •••etnq local d1al1n1 are•.
l , ,•• •, ••
Tht atatea �hone nu•btr •• 15031 741-&345.
A2lC 86 AI ��� L.DAA T£111'•1
Data rate •• JOO b • u d onl,. Uaett •r• encouraeed
A:!lF lfJ '"'
to l•••e coa•enta or IUIIett&Oftl &I to

J would •op�ect•t• at tf IOU -auld prant tnt• amP�ove�entl• co•Pl&antc, •tc. concet�sn• the
. . •••tea. These aesa&les snoulo be to
correctton ' " t�• n�t •v••l•bl• ••�• of .. �tcro. •ooresseo
·srtte• O�•r•to�· to 111ure tn1l I ••• the•.
�0#"' the f"tte�d. tht• error ••• fOt.and ••'•t bv
Weldy �ff•tt of S• •�•tche-�. C•n•o•• l ho�e to he•• Froa a lot of ·�a ft 1c ro
Jou�n& l reAder• �

, • n n e t . n Of".-.1.,

ilck 8tnsent
1815 N.E. !48t h
Portl6nd. Oreton

t'lS.S ULUSt

CiDU1 a.v..�o�tu \M QIIJI JJI ..� CN ... ,... •M OS-t Oil Ul. '1"\4o �-CPU M-••4 ts
•• ....... •utl*• tPMH&�•Ur \t��WMN f•r "''• V\U. ..1u-·u,., ,._..lU..t••litq
o,..rdl., tttt.... OS-• CIU Ill u n .,..._••�.. :)S...• t.'•t Jl \IW\ tu�• f.,U .. ...Mt•&•
of u.. t ..l��WU •f U. M• C,...J Mar•. n-.. twu;� f•,. \.ke .-..tft•ttOft of CP'tl M•"'• •...,
••"-••"• u ...... o, Paul 8ure C)4
I PI taunt Bay
lutl\ • " • w\\t-l•J•'" It) etttvtl M•..-d 4IJHS wlll111fl.l '"•"·'�·�· Mt't.Celltl\J
l.otlc, l,. Cft& .
ltl 6.10t Cf'U .. ,.� eMe1'1Cn \f'ltt .-•flranu •f l"le l fi!MI 1&1041 •r llinnipeq, l'.ani toba
··o•t�lftl twcl'l tutwr•..t e,a ftl&h•tpt" (I ,)1•/alC:r'OUCO,.,.) Clft& Dloc�.. t,. e.,.thrt 1,:. C•n.tda R2K OC9
•
• _... , .....,., or 04l"'U�" ..._,., aftd 110 U•uu h<HI\ u u-. Cllt:t 1fth11La .t .
• •
!.���:�· �:·:;:::·!u:=.�:!i!�.�::;:,::r�r:�.:!!�.!'..:!!:="�. :: ..::r��
eM ••'-•*1l•t :-.t 4ewtc•• t.n\ •.t 41 .. c•"tro11•,..•• ftM l( .. ..,.,. UIMI't\1 all•• �
• frtclul __,, w.u,.. n.. ••l••nt eUrUvht •11•• ' "' ,,..,.,._ •r ..,,.,., ..... ·
a..o•)' ,..hf'la«l (\4 ,.,..'-•Cl ... Wtlf'•t ... u.-•e IN"'If'J ,,._ ktftl artUU•J ., Oeu Don:
e&Ot.a•r). wlh ,...,ecUoo '" pr4tect aJ\trtol" �uh e.M f'l"ot"u.t ,,. .. IIO•Uttuu...
•lite-. c.c.�S. '""' \l'loe •"""' '''lfl), •� • lwif"4••"• •l•lh •••• ftMCU• t•r aert•..,.•
.
hDWUlfll (.. e \Mhllh.Lel '-'Itt' , .,, W1\h0Vt •f h·C tlftl •"-"'•" vt.,.a Of" hl.ll.t).
Enc 1 osed f ind a 1'10de11 proqram which I wrote for FLEX 9. I
l'be ka'"f ,..v.ftll \ht ••toe'-'tiOA •f c•r'\4111t llllltl \I"'Ur'W<CtleoAt fro. U t l hl � l U•• am using this prograr.a to give my 6809 access to 88S's and
.,..... '' IIOftUo,.l"l tat e ,., ". ' '' \o QO' •u ltt f'U;tOnJ• to ' �'�•• tthu•
tft•
tlll1! sharing system. I am using the modem board from Dati
\ft,\r'VC\IOftl UIIU \fte "09 \0 lH II \lSI U t 1'-·•'-• '" vMc" U do•t M\ f'U""'d to •nr
t•t•'""'i.l ...a ..,• ., 1M reset). If '"' orocutor dHI H'\ ,. • • �,. '-• •a lfllh,.rvu Systems 68, which I think is just super. The board construction
•lUlU a IPHlflc U• (Ill 4IN4 t ht ) U• M•f"4 ,.,.... '-"• Not (OLIL•r ....u . OfiJ
J• . Is of high quality, solder masked & sflk screened, •nd it
�h• INa .,. IM\ f'; lt • U •IW U.J.ff'\1 • .,..11\ reu\ ,.,,...,. , � .,u.._ Clfl Vl•t!l clou
cto- t.h• •"•.,.'"' \u.ll ..,_, ..,...,.. ....-..t ._,.u.. t•UM• ..,,., tutt.t , ,• ._, went together easily 1nd worked first tll"'!. With the help of
• fr•ct., ). l'h l e •ho U• U . .to t M l•""l'h •' u.. '"'•' lfll\t""'''' c.•• ,,,.,,. utlll•..J '' •
.,,..., ,... .
•
-•u...._.., • , ,,.. •••Jif'!C u. ''"*- ,,.. ht� ••tlc"'"" � ......,_.@_, •tu,. a friend (J. G.try IIIIIs), l out together the following c i r c u i t
. ..
,. .. for auto-answer:

r. rv,.u..,. �"'•'"' u... •r•t• ,,... '"• w• •"•· ,,.. cru ..,.,.,. "''""'-' ••,... .. .,,,,. .
,.. •til• •eutu• .nt.a tut...\h avt\.c'fth& '-0 thf tfl\.. thte 1ft rta�u \.0
ht ••n�J\1 ... IJI&... (SWJ) ult a . C:.r'lllft fWAeU.._I •M ...,., tr'eU CIA Ol'tl) M
..ueM4 •• U1• •r•t.n ''"'•'•· ,,..."""' lffl•t.n.PIOrl ud ••c••u•.
A1M IMt""'" on tho � (P'U • ..-. afl l•P"'•t4 fu1J t\HM:tlM u .....f-4aJ elM"
(J.C ..N\1) •IU' rett" •M tv\oa.\11 ,.., )ter',.tJll&�l U¥lftlt lt.. COf'r'.C\1..., •M • ,ll:
llr'I\.Ctl,., UN: MUt vtu- NU•'l IIIHilt.l, tt..eft4e•d. fo t•••l4• P"Hl•tM U•1�t&
f�u..... • ..'4 m vu.a • ,.,....,. � IJb ,...,...,... t.ocxu UM au• ••dtht.or
\I teclWH. 1'tM oN1lb\or I • • uth ._.. ., ,.�•1•ce•lllh \.e .,.••,.. oUte,. u.. ....
f,.•q,
w M
' IU C UO lh• .... ) . Ttoloe tl l4 h t"'" aoc h \ w U I MU,.t l.IC. � er al (ttOt.J ,
•lU. . .. . _ ., . . ... ,.. ••lei ,.__ • • ,. . , .. ...,.. . ... ... . ., .. , � \ l . . s.u...-.,..
twl\e�lf!t.l lt t•t�toM t1 "'"""& \be_,,.., .,. 1...,_f' ""'*H •f •-" II lll()t _,.,,.
..
. ,.... .
, . .,. ..,,..,.,........,.
.. . -ll

It hlllflt Mwnh&• •f \.M ftt\wu of '-"' ..., C)U

On Ill CN. Ql 111 u fut er . Mrt NOT[: this circuit Is not FCC approved.
:;:r"t.�''�::.:"';,::: ·,�...:. ·::�:.::'!�u:·;;:-::!:��·:!!:t.;�::n::..:'!!.�.!�:�.�� Use at your own discretion.
n, ,. ow "'-"" ' Ia u�el'tct41 '1 lM ...,. , to .._.,.,. CIU � ' " • •�ot'-Mt Uc \ ult. ''
" "'""'"•·
.-u . u.e .,... ,. ,. ttl-t'UNlU •• 11lt a •1 ,,.,..,...\t Oft " ' " '"• Pf'ot•ct t.tse ,,,. .. ut ,
u
l.. h l f �t t•r • ' "• e.-eft . ,,_.,. , Sh •, ••l• .,..., Mel of ht ' " IM .,.. W"l\t ,.,.oleet ••
.
This program can also be used with any ll'Odem which fs connected
!:,..�:;::�,!.�'j�Jt:;.,�":.,-:••!;t ,!�.!: ·:::�!' ::.��:.�!!�"'�"··�J�!:· �
• to 1 serl1l port. The equates dt the beglnnln9 of the prograa
.u.._.,.. • f�U .._ of '"'· nu.
• ,.. •·""'""" ,,,,.,.. •••,.M•:t •• tit• \,u\J MJ"•u
•.-u. '"'vr• tl�AI ,., OS-t ou Ul hclw• • ••ueoou1 "''"'•,-•""• n-.J• "'"'"' can be ch1nged to allow for 1 different port addl"tss, as well as
O.ttvcJ•""• the ACIA Initialization codes. The temlnal 1/0 Is htndled
from FLEX. so any temlnll which works with FLEX will work.

Wilen the program Is celled up, it uks for a file n1nt to store
Dear ftr. Will•••••
the data. One IIIUst be gl ven even ff there Is no wish to store
the session. The user ttn then dial up another co..,uter tnd all
•• •�•''"• th&l letter to &nnounc• the
tile session will be nved In lleiiiOI")I. If the user �s not wish
e111tence of a n ew o809 baaed llwllet1n IIOatd
to save It on disk, then the linefeed code will delete 1t tnd
aratea on the Weat Coaat. and alao to coa�l 1atnt
return to FLEX. Othentfst, the back-Quote wl 11 ctuse the ��tmory
10u on • f&ne ••••a•n•'
buffer to be saved on disk. 8oth of these c hara cters are

40 ·sa· Micro Journal

chAn��ble In the equates. You wtll then be request� to entu 01...

another ftle nare to continue. Hitting just • carda� return • OUUNt • c.P\.,-actw to tf\• ..,_
will return you to FLEX. Once tl\e session Is saved on disk, It
ay be lis ted out or printed. 01... .. no: OH LOll OC I - c."'-c.c.- • t•'t w • ' "•t to ...
cu.7 a 02 IUA ., • f reMy to ...,... .anot,� c.....
o••• n •• 111[0 0<1 looo unt1l ......
SII!Cerely, o•.. n 02 �· ..
Ole.D IV' •n:o . ... OCI-
.., .

�IJ."eJ�
01?0 ,:• ...

_I[...,
• c�• .ooee tO!" •Mo.•"• cf\.,.act...-.
P�ul Burega
0171 .. I"""U: LOll OCI- Ch--.ctlt •Catu.
0174 •• 01 - 01 tr •nc:�•rwa ctt.,a.cc.er
CPt ...., o u. 27 � ar:o .... •• no1.
. '-"-' l••Ye
01.,. .. nttD LOll OCI­ o"\,_.,.., ... �t "''•'- cf'lrac:ter
• rt.t• proor .. alta-. • n.&• • u.., to •••I .,. w - oo71' ...., off partlY tuc
oan 84
• • .., Uull�df or , , ...,.,.,,"4 •'�'"''.. .,.
0170 II OA 0'0'11 ·­ oonot ••v• ltn•-f ....
• �1..0 •••••· ao.. Mlt&nq of tM ,,,.,. 0 171" ':7 02 KO -·
• ..., •• nee•••.,.., to •••••"•'• W"..,.tect te-•t.
o••• ,. , AO ••• ••• 0"\......l ... ...... It ll't _...ry
• at tne ....,..,..,"'9 411'41 "-"• .-nd of tf'le �lo.d. _, J... .-v"To- .a.nCI OW\Dut to tM c... •tn•l
Olll 10 COtl
01.. IOAC eo � a-'¥ �·0� <"-"' to ... '' rte.,
• uu• .,.ott" .. ••II ._,...t 0""01'111' •or • •• •• n.-
_..CI of__,...,
o1n ,., o• KO �
• Aft... a r-.pCiftce. 1\ •1\1 ott.... t1•1at '•1•
OliO ,. .,.
• for .rtttl'\0• It th...- •til �a
• c.,,., ... ,...,...,.,.. owl ttw-v tne PDf"'l
�.. LDI ,..,...,of'Oit ACIJU•t --.nd to pr•Y_,\
lnot to '"• •.,. ,•• , .,. . ,,..••••
'-"'' �. W •••� c•lleG -e••n
It th� proc...,.. • \0 tr�•·.,. data bat..., the
. .. PC:....... fi'CR
• port .net U"�• t4H"•t"•'· My data c�•nq froe
• '"• oor t • • ••..,.. ..,, ..
-or-v.
························-·····-·-·-·-·
• Upon \VfU�'O •ac•••rd Qr..� ote. at l the cont41nt•
.
• of .. ..,." ••II be Ou�M t o the ft l a .
:
0..\�\ COfttr·ol • Co atop lf'I.Ca-tnO oate
• If • '-" llt t\e t..at •• t w p efl. th • p.r�,..••
• •••t• and none of the data •• -•tten out to t.he fale.
................................ __ _....
• -after ..riltt\11 the fH•. the u...,.. i•
ora.pt.ct for ..,0\h...- '''• n.... . .-h&C'h ...,.
OIOQ.. I�
.
...... COI"'trol a
-..et I' o;e. fo ••' t tt\e ID�"OO,.. .. Qtve •
oa•A eo u - OUOU\ COI"'VOI 8
•••• call"• ,,.,.. ••tw \t • • OP�.a.
o o� ao o� - c:,.,ec.IIC for -', ,.... .,ntne cnr•
tvP• • ,,,.,.,.. to ••••'-• at.
o•� ao •• - 4...-o tr.e -.u••w
.
01110 .. 20 LOll r..-;et.,. t �•"0 "'th ..ec•
• ....,... '"- ....y
.cr D\tff... lt.ca.e• fullo • ,
01112 eo co -
• control e •• OW\INt to the .oct .. port
• to c-.,.. \he '...0\ • c�ut.,. to • tott
OIM 10.:: eo 0181
oaa• .1•
• ...,.11"1. 4a\a, If YOUI" d& •l-uo COOIIOU t.,.
• u.e• • dt 'f.,..,, cOde o crt•"Q'e t.h• I'�
OIM
• _,.u,.. "'•• t�• c:onVol 1. to �" .. ,..,.,
• ttt• "'c�"'• data .,..,. \he r...o te
• ctu-. buffer to .,,...
• c�t..,.. • -o.c• • • •�t out. lt •
• dt ft.,.-"'\ '".,.K\W t�u•t De ...,, 0
..._,.
OIM eD oc -
• C".noe that •• -1I •
OIAC .. .... LOll .. c lo.. Ut• ••••
.
OICC A7 ... 8TII ..
....
c.. OCI - I'OU ont:C .,...,... ot aod.- 41CIA
oo.., eo 0- J.. ... tell .. .. t.o 00 It
no OCI- t:OU AC I,...• l
- -· t:OU •••• �f , .,. c�.r.c.t..-
- LIOCI'll IOU - .,.� .. ,._,t c_f'.,.a.ct-er 018:) ,. •• - c...,..
- 41CIArP 1[011 - .c:e• '"'''- ••lueo Olr.l •• F0'50 ..- _,.. 4IINI 00 It .... ,..

7 •• ,• ••, •• .... ..,. ,.,

".. . .. ..,. . ••'-•· -· ID..,..Hy
. .... .. ,......, .. .....,..... ... 01.. ION' .., 002'0 ..._,. arv TnP. �
•t5o 0180 )0 .., 002'0 '-"'• �ca."Cllt ooanc to '1:8
OICI •• eo OI.S L£11• .,•••Kit 9•"t •tM'l of ,_, hff..
010 .. 110 OLOCPI LOll .•. _.,., ......
CD03 - DIU tCDO>
OIC7 110 0- J.. nos •• ve c:h.,. ect...,. to n.t1
con KTC:•T r:ou teD»
OleA 102. ,....., ..- c:- .... •• -•or
auc ,.. ,._ llOU tCDIC
l'\lr040t 1[011 teDae OICC IOAC eo ooo� CM'Y tO..fiiCIIII ..,.... cont1n..- hI\
t:Dt•
OlD� 2• �0 - CL.OOI"I ..... ..... .,.,.,.
cen - 1[011 tCIC2e
oun 1• �··
- ,... 1[011 ·-
� ....n:.... 1[011 OC:OI'
010. ·� .. 7• •5 -· �cc .
,..,,.... .......:,
t:D20 .T,.IL 1[011 tCD2D •
OIC::I 04 Fta
coec . ,. , DIU OC04«
OIC. rt;W - ,
COO" 100< cou �
010 oc-x - 2
OleA 1'0 - �:00
CDII IN.,-, I'OU tCDII
03211 ......, aou . ,...., .. ..-.or'Y O...ff...-
lND MIN

OltO 0100
0 UtftOft c., Dl.lC.Ct&D
0100
0100 .. 03 ....IN LOll e;s ltCSCT CIA
0102 17 ,.,.c . ... OCI-
OIOS .. OA LOll e,IICI;1t.l� o• t ACta •ttnt:H.tt..
01 07 . 7 �71C .... ACIAiR anCI .._, \oliO acta
OIOA K CC28 LOX �:No oet t••t ....v .:.r toc•uon
0100 30 .. ,_ l.f: A I -eJOO. 1 I••"• � .,....•c•
0111 , 110 0003 •u �&.P'Cit ••"• enct o4 b�••., locataon
. ttl fULIAf\1-t C(HfAf
. ..
, . . .. . ...... HAtr.S STAIJOOM AVENUE
CAlli IQW:!Irr,l
OilS -JO .,_ 10$01.1'<:" IYO.Ot •v•t- ,.,.•tn•l • o I0 '- •1'9
oaa• eo Cj)IC ..,,_ fOf"' .,•• ,... lklt7 �(J(,QEI.AAI
OIIC 80 =·· 1....,� 00 ..t the Ch.,..c:t_.r•
ftl. 111304
011... .. �:<*) tC<MIO eet ftre\ C'h.,. Of Une fNU_.
0122 •• 00 00<}0 chee� at c/r
0124 71 a �· •••t •• eo
Ollto lO ., ooco f'Ca.OOO PO&f'IC to f1l• COf"t,ol ltloclo
oa» eo cno «ffiL ..,... o•t tnat •••• ,.._
0 12D 25 IC - .-.at •• •rOll'

0121' .. 01 01 ..-t Ute far .·nt

o ut eo CN3 ..... I th1 nlt 1• ve ecce •crou • potenud probl- vtth 6809 l'lu
OUA .. 02 02 oo� far _..,,. vh1ch MY be or antereat to your reAdere.
ou• A7 ... .'
01»., - ,... aft�� an JI'1..«J ooen ••••
OI�U oc 1:- ..., . . .,.,.,. The proelea "'11 only ••Ia• Lt

OtlO .JI •oan ...... STM"l.� "'"' \_0 •t.,.t of ........... .. ..... I. You .tre runntnq • SWTP OAT, • DKA diU conuoller. a..od ••tended
01 4 1 .. 00 LOll MOO ""''"t au t • c.,-ra ... '-'-""
01q 80 '" - OUTCIO .tddreeelnqo
0145- OA LOCP - C><l1]M C'� ._... .. na.� fG" inpt.�t
ou? eo 2e - 000011 c"'-Ctll .-.. for '"�loUt
2. Your Haory doe• not •ll re11de t.n paqe 0 (t..e. t-he top 4 bate
ou• 20 "" - UICP C:ICI!nt&,...... fOif'......
of the 10 blt •ddreu •re not 01. e.q. ••Y l21t 1n �· o •nd
0141- COl" - J
.. ,w-oe_. .. .,,..,. J2K 1n 1'"19• I.
0141 .. COO.J 1J111D1tI ..... an4 t.he _,,

OISl Of� 01.1 • Onder the above ClrCUDJitancee. tt your rca buffer le aero•• a paqe
• C"-C:If ,_.•.,,•• for II"'IM'� bou.nd.try you wtll h.Ave .t probl...

0151 ., . ,.., C'"-c" t...•ln.a_l et•tl.f•

0154 27 "" - "O't-ft,.... '. ftO l""'kll The reuon h that althouqh the procusor boud don It• addreuinq
01!1<> ., 100< � .-t '-"-•t c.h
. .,.. act.... tllrouqh the DAT, the � controller do
.. not. a no that of
Thia ..
ots• 11 0-T c.hec"If ..-ctel C.h.rKt... e
the hlqh order 4 blu •hould cl\&nv• dun.nv the CMA proce••· they v111
0158 77 DONI! 1• eo• .....- . dofte
0150 ll OLIN�Pl) U'- OUIT not in fact chanqe.
OlW' 26> ou•a.
O U•l 7C -

'68' MicrO Journal 41

 LDY IRTII GET STAIIT OP ROOTINE
!lor..tlly tho probl"" would cotllo up where 2 C or 100ro1 l2K 01eooo ry bo.lrdo
IClVIT LDA ,Y+ CET A BYTE or ROUTIIIB
•r• 1n a ayat•m and each haa • full c0111plemtnt ot chtps.
STA ,X+
8y the way, the tl"" 1100< 9U�de O.,.Cihedty St&tel th4t the f'C8 C4n
OIPY IRTNEIID

rta ide •c any addreaa. But. J thlnJt lt. waa written prior to tlle 20 BLEIClVIY
b it addun availablhty. JHP tcD03 CO VAIIH START

Yours fdthfully FIID START

David I Lapointe
1119 W. au-It
Bon Antonio, T•••• 78201
(!5121 732-6871>

ROB BERNSTELII
January 411983

.>e•r Don
Dear Don,

'llrther to ey Iott e r of 14 February 198), I've h4d eonflnaauon

Well, l h av• been • aub•crtber to 68�tcro Journal for
fcc:. Mr vanacta at TSC that the preble• exlata. nearly two year• and I h aven•t ever .rltten you to tell you Nhat
a orea� ••oaatne it t• that you publlah. Jt really ta.
1he aolution ie not too diffi cult , �t requi rea a �tch to th•
<111� drlvera ao that they do I/0 thru a buffer area, and transfer t have recently .aved to San Antonto,T•x••• and I hav• been
-:he buffer froao tho proqrae 's duk 1/0 area. hl ttl no all of the bull•tln boards tr yl no t o find other i>8XX
users wtth who. to exchange useful facta and f un. Do you know of
any Qroupe in the San Antonio area? Just out of curloatty J
•ttachad pleue tlnd a copy ot a l itt l e proqr.., vhieh does t ha
called SWTPc and they Nere nice enough t o &hDN .. around the
'tl:>ov•.
pJace, etc, but really dldn•t know of any way to put •• tn touch
Nith people. Th•y su gg es t ed that I Mrlte t o your aaga2tne.
Perhapa a claastfted would do lt?

Recently, r have IIOVed to the Ban Antonio .,.•• and r ....td

... Ilk• to

�(I)
oat tn touch w ith people In tn e area who enJoy recreational ••
ca.-

108 B!RIIST!IN
L:_ well as •wrtous proo,.•••tno.
Antonio, TX 78201,
o. Lapointe, lllCI w.
CSI21 732-6871> Cvoleel.
..tt, San
6\.l

47 Coli '"O•ooct ,_o..cs

W)'fNAI10 ,,..,.
.IB/lvd
C... 20Z
�1"101•1"1G
NAH PIXlO Sttt �-ort.�•"'f s•tl
ORO 10000

Here •• tr•• Jateat '" •v ecotfscattDI'Ia tO tP!e T8C l.ch t o ... '"•
ITII I!QU • "'.,..••on ..tttcn f �·• • • tne c••••tte vet'UOf'\, aoo••teo to •cc-ot 'LI:J
ADCAI.I. PSH.S X SAVE X FOR LATSit cCNMta.naa •• deacrabeO l�q a;o ' " yOt.lr ••cellent JOI.Irnat. Orle o• tf'la
LEU IITII, Pel SETUP DtU ADDRESS AliU P.'"'Ob�.-. •••oc• a teo •ttr. t.�•tn9 tl'le lan.e"'QIIP'I•nt.ect eott.O", •• '•••oerU'lO
to an•-ef"t ca.rra•o• ,. .,.,.,."• ...,." tvtHnt; '" laf'o• aao....,ta o' teott. fl'\aa
LEU ·256 , X CET liMA ADDRESS ••cUOf'\ o• cocta MOdi'a•• ttle •oatOf"' by '"••"''"Cl • c ...,.••;• .......,.1'1 an
JSII $FPFP 00 DO ACTUAL RE.AD .. lace o' • •P•c•. ot\ce • ore-dat.,-..,aned 1 tn• Jel\otn "•• �••r r-eac"•"·
Jn orde,.. to ava1G over-,.-uniUf'\� tne InPut b'-lf'r, tne ••n•au• Jtl\e
POLS X CET ADDRESS OF CALLEII'S HI!M)RY
)et"'O\"- haa C.e.ro. aet to 110 C.:"•'"•-ct�a, t
llllf' C"' allo-a the laat -oro on
PSHS X,f,D,D,CC SAY! •EM ALL tl'le lane to be 2e l et. t ef"a lon.q. llf'llCI'\ J trHI'IIi ia Ja�•ly to tle
LJ)f 11 28 LEliCT!I OF IClVI •"'"*•c•ent for etl no..Mal pwrDO•••· �....,.. •t c•-"' eaatly o• ••t to
•o•• ou,.,.. vat.. ... at ••••a.olv tl ...
LillO IITII, Pelt SETUP �A ADDRESS All£4
II �o�eed ..1\h tl'l• •DC CO....I'tO to w•e 'LC:t fr'OIII •JVIIf'l U•a £cUt.or'.
L!AD ·256 , 0 O!T liMA ADDRESS tn•n Ol"'e only "•• t o e-f'lter
!ll)f LDD ,II++ CET 2 BYTES eDC CK1 • AtJTIXDI,
to •nter '"• auto-attc .-ode. In tna• c•••• the Ol"lganaJ cooe Ia&"
STD ,x- POT THDI Ill C.U.L£11' S S!CTOR All£4
IU'IL1"1 cal\ oe aa��;� •• UN-AU'fO.eJN. eo tnat t�• or•e•nel fO""• ,._,.. De
LIAr -1,f DIC 0 ,..eetorea.
811 DillY It •-"�lo be not•o that tn• r'OU\Ine tai"'I\Ot oe ••de •• a
•utH'OI.Itlne. •• tl'\e f'etu,.n OOiftt le P\Ct to tne coo• foJlo-tf'IO t"-•
PULS X, f, D,D,CC, PC or'IQII"'el Jilt, Al•o th• O'"lttttal aui'LJ, eu.b,.outtne !ltl.let •• P"•••""•d•
•• I t • • "'••o •l••.. n •�"' • · Nor••l t•,.••n•taOI'\ o• a l •n • Dlt ent,er'ti"'O •
Vlc.u.J. PSRS I,Y,D,D SAYI Till R!CS c.a,.,.., •;• ,...,..,,.,.. oefOf'"• •• •u �• I '"'• lenotn & • "••c,..eo 1 • not
aff•tted, ano: ell tn• uaval •41\lf\Q fecalJtlea .,.. . r-eta1nea. ..,.,.
LB.lD IITII,PCJ1 SETUP �A ADDBESS AJBA u••ne 01•• "•"••on• I '"' ""' tt •II I D• --.ec••••'" to patch. er,o ...... .
LIAD -2 56 , 0 CIT liMA ADDR £S3 "'• •"t•'• l.DlT.CI\D, ancs o• CCklr•• t"'•'• •Ill De CSa''•rel'\cee '"'
LJ)J 1128 LIIIC TH or A SICTOII, 2 AT A Tile loc•ttc:H"eo •·O· INK•·l ••v D• at •oo•'· an d ..,.e�cllf at •OC'•D.
111'01"' anyof'\e .no ••f"'te• a lot of te•t �.oett"'O ,,..,. pa.rtlcu.ler •Oi\0""
HillY LDD ,X- 1111111! IT COMES FRDH 1 """"· '"'•" thle aoaa•lcaliOft wo...JG De ••11 -�t,.. •"'Ple..nuno.
STD 'II++ Vll£11! IT OOES TO
LIU' -1,Y DEC COOIIT£11
BD 11HDY Alii 11£ ALL DOll!?
PVLS X,Y,D,U RESTOR£ THS R&CS
PSKS X
LE.U R'I'N,PCR SETUP OM.\ ADDR£$5 AAEA
• AUtO-Ir-tS&It.,- !ItO,. tiC COIT'OR 1
LE.U -2S6,X Ct:'l' DIIA AllOR£SS I WU TTEN' IY W.A. HUG;418 I

VILIMP JSI1 .,, CALL ACTUAL VRm NAI't A&JTOEDIT

-�"' rou ooo aa
PULS x,re RESTOII X 6 R!TURI IOU
UdC.•J •017• CJM .....l..l"'
I NK., t.ou •o••• lJM liCMAft)
11'11111 IQO • , ,.,.,,., IQU .017 1 ,.,... o.,
FR£1Jiot IOU tt.OO ,,.....,. I'IIWC I�ACI
IITILD IQO Jn'IIDD-IITII "'tHI..fH IOU 110 t" lHI ""-" LlNC I..IHOntt

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1.01 IC 01 � �· OC..P'I:'hi'IIM..I N \.H4 T"'"l�TII
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LO
-� •• 20 OVS"III CI'P"' •20 CHANGE 1�411Cf. TO C/111
m o,x PDT D liTO X 1 001 2• F • - MT,_
W% -1,1 GIT liD or FID 111M ADDIZS.S 1 .0.0 .. OD CHANGE' LDM •oo ccnu
ftl $CC2B SIT IIV DD OP ICIClAY ADDIIISS t•M � oc• tt'OINT TO C'-"'IIIIH'T CKMAC-,...
•••o 11: 01 '' J "" ......,
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LIA% 2,.,1 GIT IODTIIII ST&IT ADDUSS AI1U HO IIUtOIIUI) OI:TICTG
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STD ID.IKP.1 SIT c.uJ. IIAD ADDIIZS.S IYPGOl. TAII,..ll
L&40 I.DC.U.L,X ADDIISS IIBUI IDCALL WILL IIISIDI �..... oon � 1000 �MPC 1600
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LDil tDIO• 01T 111ITI YICTOI ADDUSS
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810.017•7E.l•OO£•
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42 '68' Micro Journal

 much atandard for a professionally produced
board, but to find every IC residing in a
lntral r•r,. ......,...,....._'".
.., . � ..
""'... �:•• •'llllll
aocket Ia most unuaual and
......� ,,. .
..
, quite welcome •
Thoae of us w ho troubleshoot and repair
boarda ftnd that It may end up costing 100
times (or more) tbe Z4 cent cost of the
defective IC that is soldered to tbe board.
It Ia infinitely more economical to test and
replace a socketed IC. The Interface to the
printer 1a through card edge connector• and
ribbon cablea. Again, standard; however you
•�Ill have to find the right connectors and
Th• feet.: of t�o ..ttor •• thot ttr. Petre• fot lad to no·te
ho ••• c ..
,._,.,,.O porfora.nco ftqvroa obtooned on o l 'llh r c:-\_,0 r1bbon cabl,., right? rongl Packaged with the
• • •ha ZMl. of'l4 • It) llh• ttSOOO. ltua •• n•t • v•l•d _. r•• ,..· board are two cables. This mean1 that all you
co-oer•aon atnc:o, '" tor.. of ••.Of't C)Cie t• .. •. • 2 Mfta cQ\'Q
'• •'*ch -or-a no af' ly OCI'I•"•'•"t te tho • 'llha l')t) ond 10 Mh1 o� have to do ia configure the hoard and provide
orocaaaoro,
the desired printer. So much fen the board
Uatl'l\f tho C\lrroftt rohoaa of lntro t-�. which h • b•t -oro cosmetics - lets gt't on to the layout.
offt(tol'lt than tta 0�'"•9•"•' wara&o" browiht ovt • "••r 090, and
"'"'"'"9 the aiOYO on • 2 •ha O�CI9. tho co.,.rot ,.,. parforeotl'ce
to aore accvr-otal t "' "'•"' b�1 There are three main aectiona on the board.
These are thP bus Interface section, the
Un•• C 0" tho 10 ICha 080\'0••••·········••• 0>.3 aeconda
lntro i·C Of'l tho 2 Mha OSOG .. ........ ...... .... 10.(' ..cond• Centronics type parallel Interface section,
Wfollto ..lth'a C 0" tho 4 ,Ch• l"O ....................... IS,S aaCOf'lda and the ns-2.JZ-C/ZO mA current loop aerial
thoao •u,.o raet,.aaant•tlva .,._,.ror...nca flw�o�f'aa. of Couraa, section.
pwt a n on\tt'OI) d1fforent l'lOt'apocd"'' on thtnga than ��ooa au�qeatod

)�· blt
tha ftvwra• ''"'•"
•"•"•· lntrol--:
., ..,.. Pe,,.c•*• lattor.
h•f'ldtl)' ovtoerfor••
0" thett809 qvlto
fo,. •"•· '"' th.a
The bus Interface section consists of addreaa
Whttoe•ith'e Con tho Z�O. Uni-. C •" tt•• ti"�'C\' •• ,.,0t
Socondt), comparators, and data and control bua
•• dr•..t•c•lh tvMrtor to lntrol·� o"� \h• bSOO •• on• .19ht.
buffers. The board is shipped configured for
"•••on•bl,. ..,oct. ti•"'•"' tt\o feet thAt th.e t'I"Ol'O' • IO·b•t
•rch•tetlwro t•"'•• ft. • d•c•ded od"•"'" • "• O'lla,. tho �-b i t o8C'O. hex addrPII SEClO. Thia is the atandard t.t:lOS
printer location. The user may easily change
lho 0�,"� •• eft e111C'ol lent ,..,..ca•aor. let'• ti"'• i t th-e
trodtt •t d•••r•••' the address of the board by cutting copper
runs on the foil aide of the board and
replacing them with header jumper blocks
wired for the desired addreaa.

The parallel connec-tion Is for a standard

Centronics lnterfl\ce. To uae this Interface
aimply configure the jumper selectable

PTR-3 REVIEW options aa described In the docu�ntation and

connect the Interface c�ble supplied and
you're ready to go.
t.IX>S CCMPATIBLE PARALLEL/SERIAL INTERFACE
The serial section of the board Is Interfaced
My company rece-ntly purchased the Concurrent
through a ribbon cable lalso aupplled)
Technologi"l Corp. PTR-3 MJOS compatible
terminated with a ZS pin female
Parallel/Serial Printer Interface Roard.
D-aubmlnlature connector. Thla Ia the
Pert-ape a brief hlatorlc background of
atandard RS-ZJZ-C connection. There are eight
Concurrent Tc-chologles would be helpful
atandard baud ratea provided, from 110 to
before we delve Into the technical aspects of 9600. At the higher baud rates, serial
the hoard.
devlcea require handahake protocol• to
properly handle data which Ia coming In
While a rrofessor at Greenville Technical
faster than the device can accept It. For
College, Bob Ehlera aaw a need for a digital
this handahake function, two different
voltmeter. Working part time and consulting
protocola are provided by the interface.
with local engln,.era, he built a prototype
There Is the hardware handshake whlch Is the
meter; however, It waa never marketed because
CTS line Into the board. Thl1 line must be at
theae •�e engineer& were looking for someone an RS-ZJZ-C low level If the interface is to
to market a daiay wheel printer control board
aend character• to the printer. There Ia alao
baaed on the Motorola 680Z MPU. Several other
a cIrcuIt to support the OCI/OC3 (XON/XOFF)
board5 followed in quick succession and today
protocol. If the printer being uaed doea not
Concurrent Technologlea aupports Bob and six
aupport either of these protocols, the baud
other employeea. What about the meter? Well,
rate muat be aet low enough for tbe printer
maybe aomeday • • . to completely handle each character before
another character is sent do•tl the line. The
Tbla experience led Sob to addreas that
aerial interface can also provide a ZO mA
naggln& problem thoae of us that use tbe
current loop port when proper connection• are
Motorola EXORclaor® development aystem or
made with the on board jumpers. In thla mode,
ayatema dealgned with the Motorola Micro
handahaklng Ia done with the 0Cl/OC3 protocol
Module board face; and that ia how to use an only.
lnexpenaive, off the ahelf, aerial printer
Additional jumpera are provide to aelect the
when Motorola aoftware support• only a
co���puter bua interface algnals. Jl aelecta
parallel printer? Until now, memory overlays
VMA, VUA, or VXA from the EXORclaor bua. JZ
and/or aoftware patchea have been the
atandard approach to obtaining a hard copy
aelecta IRQ, NMI, or the 6809 F I RQ to be
generated. J3 Ia the memory page enable line
output. The PTR-3 board anawer a the need for
for use In a non-atandard ayatem
a almple aolutlon.
con rI auratIon.
The board provide• many pleaaant aurpr laea.
It comea aolder maaked front and back, allk LED' 1 are provided to abo• the atatua or the
acreened with component Identification, and CTS line or the atate of XON/XOFF If that
gold plated edge connectora. Thla Ia pretty mode of handahaklnR Ia uaed. Tbla LED Ia not

·68· Micro Journal 43

uaed in the parallel mode. The other two
LAST MONTH
LED'• ahow th" state of the tranamit and
receive data l1nea. Theae LED'a are not uaed we raised the price of Quality.
sn the parallel mode. THIS MONTH
we lower the price of Admission.
Several lim•tlltions become apparent In ualng
the PTR-3 board. First, If you try to uae It
with a DEC LA 120, the CTS line ••gnat from Our HUMBUG"' I s unquestionably t h e best
the DEC writer is 1nverted from the aenae
monl tor around, but not everyone w&nts to p11y
needed by the PTR-3 board. You must correct
the line by u1ing a unity gain op-�p circuit t h e S75 It takes to get the very best. So
or other a•eana to do the same thsng. Bob
for t h o s e of you who w I II settle FOR SECOND
tella � that thla Will be corrected on
future verslona of the board by providing an BEST <and s t i l l be h e a d ��t�d shoulders 11b0119
Inverter on the board •nd a jumper to select anyone else's "BUG>, we Introduce
the correct state for CTS.

The other problem Involve• an Epaon printer. MICROOU<;-

The aymptom 11 that only every other
character Ia printed. What ia happening Ia
MICROBUG"' Is the guts of HU�UG"' crammed Into
that the Epaon printer Ia designed aa a
alnsle buffer receive line. Normally, moll j u s t one t i n y little ROM. It will work with
prlntera are double buffered. What all thla anyone'-; CPU board &nd give you features the
meana Ia that one character Ia being aent
o t h e r s o n l y d r e a m &bout. It cost just 530,
while the laat transmlaalon is In the receive
buffer. To solve thla prob l em you mutt cut a n d I n c l u d e s a h e f t y manual with the source
the tr•ce on the foil aide of thP boart1
listing. Come join the club. MICROBUG• Isn't
connected to pin 2<t of the UART and connect
It to pin 2l. as g o o d as HUMBUG"', b u t It's better then
dnythlng else. And that's no Buncombe.
In awrm•ry, the board Ia well de• i gned and
reliable. It 11 warranted for 6 months and Ia
aold aaaembled and teated for SJ49 or aa a
bare board for S6<t. Ster-K Its

Allen K. Thomas
Union Carbide Corporation P.o. BOX 209
P.O Box 5928 Mt. Kisco, NY 10549
Greenvslle, SC 29606

** QUALITY SOFlVME NEEDED"

Standard S'50 Bus and Color Calputer

For the pest few months we et the DATA-cot.f> Division of Computer Publishing, Inc. <CPil, the perent compeny of 68
M ICRO JOURNAL, hi!YB debated expending Into the software distribution business. Meny other megezlnr- have been doing
so f o r years. Presently there ere meny fine exemples of softwere thet hes been developed by YOU our 1eders, thet will
never see the 'light of dey' unless someone, with enough exposure and willingness to continually &dvortlse, runs with the
bell.

Softw11re Is the 'backbone• for the real utilization of eny computer, ours are no exceptions! Realizing th&t there will
be some conflicts, with other &dvertlsers, this has been no simple decision. However, since day one the foremost
concern of 68 MICRO JOURNAL hes been It's readers! Therefore, DATA-COMP Division will eccept, for epprels111, softw11re
th11t runs on 6809 systems, g11mes, utility or llppllc&tlons progr���ns.

1 n the past there h11s been too much softw11re offered th&t w11s not quite re11dy, ne11rly, but not quite. We will strive
to ellmln11te that element. But right up front we tell you only thet we will do our very best, nothing more. Also we will
strive to keep cost toe bore minimum, while securing for the 11uthor 11 f11lr return, In rov11lty payments, promptly pllld.

Of course we will expect, no - dem11nd, th11t the 11uthor keep the product free of errors (bugs>, end melnt&ln It on e
p r om p t 11nd business like b e s l s . Also we sh&ll require th&t 11uthors be willing to furnish 'source' for those progrems
thet justify, by price ond utility, Inclusion of slime. The l11ck of source code, properly COIIIIIBnted, Is e continue!
compl&lnt we he&r. Not &II progr���ns will be sold with source, but where necess11ry, we will Insist th11t It be Included.

In some l n s t 11 nces the progrem mey be sm1111 or short 11nd not justify Itself &s 11 'single' Sllle product. In this event
It will be combined with othor like progr���ns, end offered es 11 p&Ckllge. In th11t event the roveltles will be split between
the v&rlous 11uthors.

If you hi!YB softw11re th11t you feel will qu&llfy under this progr���n pleese cont11ct the proper person liS shown below.

Stond&rd S50 Bus

Don wllll���ns
Bob Nay

Color Computer
Tom Wllll���ns
Bob Nay

Remember, If your softw&re hils t1tPf problems or 'funnies' -GET IT STRAIGHT BEFORE YOU CONTACT USIIIII Also get your
source code In proper shl!pe end well commented. There Is too much 99J code 11lready drifting around.

DATA-<XM" Pm 194. Hixson. n. 37343

, - (615) 842-4601
A Division of CPI "68" Micro Journal
 EIUIATA Bruce Cox
10 2287 Grenge Hell Road
MC18li!F2 Dayton, Oh
lo 45431
ADVANCE INFORMATION DATA SHEET
IAD�-87�1 HI,
tn�.ne.-:Mit"'W�t'llltCWtowtorm me..,.� cwoorem.

I need some HELP. Does anyone still run CP/667 I em

b'"..rupc 1M C�>n2) � bt�ao ,A11pn7Jtnd t'IOt 'I41CW\II fNt
� __. -� ti'IOwn 1ft .,.lllt"Chte:a OtC\Illlo.tortmOC tN:
MCI--Ift-0...$- n,. ___ _ t r l n g to find someone to correspond with. I t�m running
-n-fiQolrtiO � aot.,. ... ,.,_ e 6800 with SSB end FLEX and I want to get up on CP/68.
l .... _ .. _ _ _ _ .,.. _ __ ,_..,. ...,.
I em keying In ell the code from the books, but If someone
TheCf*"9'_. nol-"tu 1N OPWtiOn ol tbtU� �*""- \tiiiV ,._
CNnrtO••-*""'� hes t�lret�dy done this It will seve me t� lot of time.
Is enyone submlttl ng 6800 t�rtlcles enymore?

Edt tor's Note: S orr y Bruce but w e get prt�ctlcally

nothing for the 6600 these d eys. Heve not ht�d enythlng
for the CP/68 system s u bmitted In over 3 yeers. The
6809 and soon the 66000 are the popult�r CPUs now. We
would still run some tepe and 6800 for you folks but Just
don't get it. Sorry.
DMW

® MOJ"CiilftKA � Procktl ft.

.. (Ok�f(Jio&WO �... TbM ,.,, •.,....,.....,01"�-.c:

Vftft e ••JOt lnMtte•ttt lt1 &• �00 QUM( dr'l"�• tt•,. A

the•• to h•vn lo •••• -'Otft.r ln.,.•t••nt In,. driYe�.
.. ..
•�p.cla.e., with red\K.:ed C4Petlty . u tt•.,. Otel' t
••9tb'f te of ,,.,_,.. �Ott••,.. on .,,.,
..,. o• .,.d lt..ep
e
applle.,bnt 'oft.aro m OHt.'t' ctrhe 1.) 1 tfOI.IU MSe ,.
dl1ll on.., for COIIP•tabllltr ecce a.

T ne�th, tlJohn Hler&tc>

JoM. refereACe rour- urd of '""* 1 ''· 1 cto not '-AOt or

F l n altv_ tbe barrier hl! s beflO � from OS9'"
.,.., e• controller tor the color c:o�vter, er the
pr••ent rl•.. I r�eer r� of • COAtrofle,.. for "'•
coco. ttl-•• •Itt 1\Midle � " �d 8 lnc;l'l ctlslrL, bwt no1hlng
�u
t o FL"E X formt�tte d i rskll tfC>W- cen READ
end WRITE t o e FLEX"' diskette, 5 or 8 Inch,
-·
with ()of'".
It lhOV� ftOt 1M too herd tO fnt4rfece the &• Clll' to
ttwt pretenf �rd, bUT, the ftOM IIO.IId n..o Ch..wtgfn� O-F Is e new end unique program, written In
H,.....,.. •11t110 ""•ek dr w
t & you Getl 9et f'ltJM., 2800 B A SIC09• thet perfo r m s t h e f o l l o w i n g
FLO -.ector• to • Clftk.
functions, end comes complete with source.
OMW - - -
I . REFORMAT: This module formt�ts t� disk
CLASSIFIED that can be ret�d by both OS9• end FLEX"'.
Eight or live Inch selectt�ble.
ADVERTISING 2 . FLEX.BAS: This p rogrt�m d o e s the
N e e d g o o d E ngineer or Technlclt�n for 6809/68000 t�ctut�l ret�d or write function to the speclt�l
p etrocllemlct�l proJects In well estt�bllshed compeny, O-F disk. Also It ht�s the disk formt�t and OIR
In Los Angeles. Ml>JAVE SCAOA SYSTEMS 7100 Hay\'enhurst <OS9l commt�nds. All selectt�ble from a user­
Ave., Ven Nuys, CA 91406 (21.?J.. 902-1611. friendly menu. All selections ere intert�ctlve
end complete I ncludlng ell necesst�ry prompts
SWTPC: I-MP-8M2 8K Stetlc Memory Boerd $50; H4'-32S to the opert�tor.
Universe! Stetlc Memory Boerd (never used & Unpopulated)
$85.00; HP-S Serle! Boerd $25 .oo; 1-t-P-P2 Perellel 2 3. BFLEX.BAS: This rogram t�llows binary
Port boerd (never usedl $85.00; 1-Percom CIS-JOt Tepe programs to be exchenge!., as FLEX.BAS above.
lnterft�ce S35 <never usedl; 1-Gimlx Stt�tlc Memory Boerd
32K supp orts extended eddress Ing fully J>OilUieted 5 225. 4. DIR: This module <menu selected> ellows
Crt�lg Celes, 805-962-9163 Deys or 682-3597 Eves 17 E. t h e d i s k directory to be printed to the
Ct�rrlllo Street. Suite 139, St�ntt� Berbere, CA 9310!. screen, while In 8ASIC09.
F L E X users can read, write t�nd use the
HELP s p ecial disk es any other FLEX disk, pr011lded
the FLEX directory Is not allowed to continue
Thom11s Meson beyond track zero <too many flies>.
24 02 Audubon Roed
Akron, OH 44320
HELP 68 Micro Journel
1 em looking for 6800 source listing for t1 termlnel
t1
$79.95
progrem thet will let me trt�nsfer files from memory to my
modem t�nd from my modem to memory.
1 ht�ve e Percom SBC/02 without mess storege tht�t I use
t�s en enht�nced electric typewriter--not reel'"" word
., =me
processing. So fer, I Just run my termlnel strelght Into
the modem for communlcetlons. I'd rather keep my micro DATA-COMP
on-line. Percom, es you know, hes non-standerd port P.O. Box 794 HIXSON, TN 37343
t�sslgnments.
1-615-142-4601

·sa· Micro Journal 45

 Business Software for the 64K

COLOR COMPUTER
Integrated
Data Base Manager Business Software*
Part I _______ $99.00 Accounts Payable _______ $295.00
Part II $99.00 Accounts Receivable $295.00
Single Entry General Ledger $95.00 General Ledger $295.00
Church Contribution System $99.00 Inventory 2 $295.00
Balanced Billing System S99.00 Payroll $295.00

64K me m ory upgrade, including installation ______ $125.00

ask about our Color Computer add-ons

All Programs Require Flex and Extended Disk BASIC

r equires two disk drives
*

2457 Wehrle Drive, C-68, Buffalo, NY 14221

Phone (716) 631-3011
VISA'
er lnqu•res Welcome • Call or Wrne lor Free Catalogue

MAG Tape Drive/ControUer for SS-50 Bus

IBM-Compatible
Can't decide? If your tape drive question is "to buy or not to buy," your one answer Is SOrTWARf CONSULTANTS.
We've got a super IBM·compatible tape drive/ controller from the leading manufacturer ... and you can buy one
directly from us, or, we'll be your service bureau and do your dumping/transferring for you. Either way, you'll get
a great deal.

• Standard drive is Cipher

Mlcrostreamer. Others
can also be used.

6435 Summer Avenue • Memphis, TIV 381.34 • • 90�/377-3503

46 '68' Micro Journal

 05/9, FLEX, COLOR FLEX, UNIFLEX Software*
SUPER SLEUTH DISASSEMBLER $99-FLEX $1()()..UNIFLEX $101-0S/9
Th<s progr., PIOO- 61100 1 2 3 sa9 6602 progrM>S. ...-.g the..- 10 .na�yta modoly ..,., doMsMmiJie t- a.beltl oqec� coe�e
. ..., - 10 -· pnn�e�. n
-. Md etOP....enc:e
.. -� �
Z-80/8080/5 SUPER SLEUTH DISASSEMBLER $99-FLEX $1()()..UNIFLEX $101-0S/9
Th<s .,..._ ol SUPER SlE UTM- Z-80-11010 5 oc,ec1 COde on the 61100 111

CROSS-ASSEMBLERS each $50 3/$10Q-FLEX each $60 5/$120.UNIFLEX each $55 31$110..0511
� progr.,. Md INICIOe ...-the user 10 p�ocess 61100 1 6805, 6502. Z-80.11010 5.,..,..,. on ongonel �1 The TSC "*'"'- os "'<I'"'"" lor FlEJtUNiflEX
..,., lhe 0SM - II requoted lor OS II

6805 and 6502 DEBUGGING SIMULATORS each $75-FLEX $80.UNIFLEX $1()()..0S/9

Thne 1"09'.,. .,_the UH<IO on1wec:1Nely .na�yta. mooty. Md -.g 11•)6805..,., 6502 oqea coo.

6502-T0-6809 XLATOR SYSTEM $75-FLEX $80-UNIFLEX $85-0S/9

Tnoo P'ogtam ..-s,. UMt 10 uai\Siata 6!102 ,,..,_. COC!e """ 680ll u- coo.. � one•ac1 conv...-.

68()()..6809 & 6809 PIC XLATORS both S5o-FLEX $60-UNIFLEX $75-0S/9

TheM Qlogtama enaole u.e user 10 l!ans&ote 61100 1 ••- l)logtams 10 680ll """"""'��' and 10 conven 680ll progtams to posnoon..__ cOde and <$Ita. usonp PC. S.
U. X lnd Y OIINIM <lg!SietS
UNIFLEX SIMULATOR FOR FLEX $100-FLEX $110-UNIFLEX
fhls prog.ram -bios ll'lo u•et to cl<lbug UNIFLEX asS<tmbler ptog<.,l ut"'')lt>e TSC DEBUG lt>d Olne< loc••l..
l 01 FLEX

OS/9 SIMULATOR FOR FLEX $1 01-FLEX

Th•s program enables lhe user lo debug OS 9 asseml)jor program' using IIWI TSC OCBUG ano otner tact��... ot FLEX
FULL SCREEN FORMS DISPLAY (6809 X-BASIC) $50-FLEX $75-UNIFLEX
These progroma enable IIWt user 10 delone ..,., eooe<ata laoloOt•van '"'·tcreeu d>JC)Iay ano data·t<li'Y programs

FULL SCREEN MAILING LIST (6809 X-BASIC) $100-FLEX $110.UNIFLEX

These progtams enallle the user 10 oetone and """"'"' tniOiong �st-ot,.nltcl data INIS<tS

FULL SCREEN INVENTORY/MAP (6809 X-BASIC) $100-FLEX $150 UNIFLEX

These progrtms enao1e ""' user 10 oebne ano ma.n1aon onventoriOt enc1 ,_ h!Otllcn.at ,.,.,.,..,IS ·-- l)i<onnong

TABULA RASA SPREADSHEET (6809 X-BASIC) $10Q-FLEX $20Q-UNIFLEX

TheM progt.,. enao1e N ..- 10 gone<ate and ma""'"' taOular compu�auon - P'OVOdong a ..-np�e uti< '""'"aoo eno SCOI!o11JCattcl repot1-gene<allon. - 10
OESI<'TOP PlAN (TM OHI<IOI> Comllul.ngl

TSC BASICIXPC UTILITY PROGRAMS all $25-FLEX $50-UNIFLEX

TheM programs enaole the use< 10 ,_... or cooss roterenc:e .....,. Base progt., aond ���· XPC Basoc 1011 programs
Progtams "' aouoce on dolk - opea�y ..... -. c�enso�y. tyPe """""'
""' 0•
Computer Systems Consultants, Inc.
� """""' ,.,..,... prov.ded " "" .. QtOducts
For VISA n MASTER CARO llf\IO ..,.,.,..,._ •liP c�a�e. p��one us lurlds""""-..,., s'ooo.�o<eovnttor "-'9 1454 Latta Lane, Conyers, GA 30207
Opeft Pur-.. ���r'!:
�::. �--:,:=.:"'- on�ormeCJon
Telephone Number 404-413-1717/4570

A CXl.OR <XM'UTIR Tl:RMIIW. ORIYER

TERM Is a new and long needed termInal driver

Small-C
for those color computer users who heve developed
stin ging , red and watering eyeballs! TERM allows
you - t o switch from the CoCo keybo ard and TV
monitor to a reel CRT video terminal.
Think what that means! No more ::S2 or even 51
ONLY S25
characters per line, that are so blurred that Y9U
must guess as to what some characters actual�
are. No more squinting or cussin g. Sounds
great7 Well TERM gets you away from all that. PUBLIC DOHAlN SHALL·C 6809 $2S.OO
TERM Is C!llled from the CoCo as any other PDS•C09 ••• iIable only ln Plu fonut, three S" or one 8"
p rogram . You then type the 'RETURN' key on the diak. All aourcu, blnarlu, aad docwuntatlon on tho
CRT video terminal keyboard and TERM configures dlo1u I Add $5 for hordcopy of Nnual.
the CRT video terminal to the proper bauorate
and you are free of squl ntlng and guessing ! To Mlddle•C 2.02 atlll only $99.00. Middle-C aloo availoble
return to the CoCo keyboa r d' <God forbldJ, Y91J for DOS69D.
simply type In the command EXTERM from the CRT UF!ltNCU rot TM! PlOnSSlOIIAL PlOCitJJO(U
video termInal keyboard, and you are back where
you started from, squints and all. v/Any dhlt look a ollly
TERM functions from O ata-comp FLEX directly Tile C Proara-lna Lanau•a• $15.00 $17.00
and requires only a s tandard CRT video terminal SoftvaH Toolo lS.OO 17.00
(al'f(. el cheapo will do) or a deluxe terminal, either C Motu 17.00 19.00
works Just fine. The terminal Is connected to A Portable Coapller for C 10.00 12.00
the serial port of the CoCo bv a standard cable Tile C Puulo look 11.00 13.00
and connectors. TERM does NOT function In Radio Spectfy dlok oi&o. Pricu aood until J""" lot. 0¥eroeao,
Sheck mode (must be FLEX>. ploaoe odd $).00 per order • $1.!10 per book for air Nil.
If you want the luxury of 80 characters by 24 Add $1 handllaa for V!oa/MC. llo COD or pvrcbaoe ordoro,
l i n e s , or more, d�pe n d l n g o n the C R T video Taua ruldeau: aalu tall ia $0.2S/4hk,
termInal used, then 11:RM _ Is a must! To order call no ucoptioao.
S% oa booka. lAten cuotoaer iafo bvlleti.a lacluded witb
or write: ony order (or tend SAS!). rlu(ta) and DOS69(ta) IHtlo"'
<K.Y $19.95 lo TSC ond SSI, roop.

OATA-coK' Division, CPI

5900 Cassandra Smith
Hlxson Tenn ::S7::s4::S word's worth
(61 51t 842-4601 P.O. Box 28954
011111. Texu 75228

FREE with purchase of F-Mate 12141 321 9285

'68' Micro Joomal 47

 THINKING ABOUT
SOFTWARE?

THEN SEND FOR OUR

LATEST DATA SHEET
AND PRICES

LUCIDATA SOFlWARE PRODUCTS

(5") (8")
L ucidata Pascal Version 3.1 (UniFLEX-) $300
Version 3.9 (FLEX9-) $190 $205
Version 3.2 (FLEX2-) $150 $166
Pascal ROM Package (including license) from $250
Software Utilities INCLUDE. XREF and PROFILER $ 26 each
plus media charge $ 1 6 $ 26
COPYCAT copying utilities (CP/M to FLEX etc.) $ 50 $ 65
TEKPAK Tektronix Compatible graphiCS package $100 $11 5
Prices Include Airmail Postage anywhere. VISA and MasterCard
accepted. (EEC countries should ask for Sterling price list.)
"FlEX tnd Uno.flEX ,,. .,_.,.,u of Tocchncal Syt,_. Con>ul..,,.

[I U C 1• .J
gW ,. L
rW
1 LUCIDATA LTD. P.O. Box 128
CAMBRIDGE CB2 5EZ ENGLAND
TELEPHONE (0223) 841906

We didn't cut any corners

when we created lntroi-C/6809, THE ULTIMATE SPELLING CHECKER
and the benefits you get OONTII.INS 142,000 WORDS IN MAIN DICTIONARY
AND 14,000 WORD$ IN COMMON WORD LIST

really show. FAST - CHECKS OVER 1100 WORDS 'ER MINUTE

PRINT - WILL LIST SUS,ECT WORDS ON ,RINTER
HELP - COMMAND IS AVAILA8LE TO DIS,LAY SIMILAR
lntrol-C/6809 generates object code that is WORDS S'ELLED 'RO,ERL Y

typically only half the size and executes twice ADD - COMMAND TO 'UT WORDS INTO 'ERSONAt WORD LIST

as f• as code produced by any other 6809C
compiler on the market!
We did an equally better job in other ways
too. lntroi-C/6809 supports full C, works
reliably, is a pleasure to use, and has been
DELETE - COMMAND TO ELIMINATE WORD FROtl SUS,ECT LIST
MARK - COMMAND TO FLAG WORDS FOR tATER CORRECTION
REPLACE - COMMAND TO CHANGE ALL OCCURRENCES OF
MISS,ELLED WORD TO CORRECT $'EtLING
REVIEW - O,TION TO REVIEW THE SUS,ECT WORD LIST
VIEW - COMMAND TO VIEW WORD IN CONTEXT DURING THE

"the compiler of choice" among discrimi­ u'DA TE O'ERA TION (WITH O"ION TO .CHANGE}
SPECIAL - WORD LISTS CAN BE CREATED FOR .,ECtAl
nating programmers since it came on the A'"ICATIONS (MEDICAL, tEGAL, ETC]

market more than a year ago. UPDATE - Will CORRECT THE TEXT FilE AND lfENAME
THE ORIGINAt FilE TO .8AIC

Available for: OPERATES UNDER FlEXII, 401C MEMORY REQUIRED

OS9• ($375), FLEX•• ($375), UniFLEX .. {$425).

SPELLB - INTRODUC TORY PRICE $125.00
One-year maintenance, $100.
•.••••.•.••

MUSIC BOARD .............................................. $75.00

Trademarks: "Microware Inc.. ••Technial Systems Consultants
170 BASIC 'ROIJRAM$, SIMUlATIONS AND "CTURES

SEND SASE FOR liST

SPECIFY 6" OR I' DISICS CHECIC OR MONEY OltDER

FLA RES ADD 6S SAlES TAX

647 W. Virginia St. M'rlwllldu!e, WI 63204 PALM BEACH SOFTWARE

(414) 276-2937 311411 LANTANA ROAD J06 IIIT JUO •

LANTANA Fl 3J412

'68' Micro Journal

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'68' Mk:fo Journal 49


ENGINEERS/TECHNICIANS
THE MICRO 68000
IS DESIGNED FOR YOU!
COMPLETE, READY-TO-GO SYSTEM INCLUDES:
o 6amp switching power supply o Keyboard
0 Display- Hex & Binary 0 Pete Bug keyboard
monitor 0 Optional Macs Bug CRT monitor 0 At­
tractive cabinet 0 Dual RS232 interface 0 32 bit
parallel 1/0 o Versa bus compatibility 0 The only
system that provides for direct entry of 68000
machine code.
For Information call (619) 566-3911
(SA
Computer System Associates
7562 Trade Street, San Diego, CA 92121
ACCOUNTS
PAYABLE
tO\e tJ'\oe ne-ooocne OV'
="lo:t.o�'ct=�
lr\.tetQC't/'4 AccOIS'IIlnQJIYSl'etn lrwt
occounrs OO\'oOfe ooet..ooo
tuooortt "'•'• ouu1anomg
I«Jtu"Ot
1 Er.trv 01 00011a creota teguo
_,-.ocet fUIII O"'d OQttt.al �l
' Hona enoc::t.t eNOIOO cwec.rtv
01 eomCV'et Qnntod chOC:ki. With
!"--S ON:I CheCk �
3 -· 00"0 or oe""'-'••
on.o Qropet general tedoer
O:lhiDUIO'\ Of 011 onhiOt
• JOl) CX>II"'Q C:U..OO'I(I< 000<
numoe1 t1oc•�no o� bu�er
<IO'VoloCOt>O'> oro ooo-oooo
.s Vonoas mov be OdOed os 1
,_
o Comolete OUd•t hO!I�o Ofo
��
1 Qooons con oe 00'1"*0100 r or
ll)eCIII C Oue dO I O t C UtJ
Of'ntt f l oc::ccuntlf'IQ WlfN)vt t'I'IOO"ICO
�o..os open o CIIOMd • ems onc:J
lt"t ... \IOUCI'* O&f()ll 0 'ol'8t'ICJOI
""""""" '"""""
.Acc;oJ\Is PQ,oblo 1-ooQe
$299
50
•
NE�! The 'modem'
For
program that
automates
6809
time sharing
FLEX
FEATURES: communications.
1 ) Send text file from personal computer dtsk to
remote ma1nframe computer.
k file (verifys
2) Save 1ncom1ng text to d1s
acceptance ol XON/XOFF cont rols).
3) Slow transmisston mode based on character
ver•fv for systems wh1ch requll'8 speed below
baudrate.
4) E1ght software selectable UART modes: 8 b•t. 7 bit.
5) Self adapts to amount of memory 1n your computer.
6) Runs tn as little as 12K bytes or up to 65K bytes.
7) Reads and wntes hies of phone numbers to be
dtaled.
8) Makes any modem a smart modem.
Cell Or Write For Further lnformetlon
Pnced at $75 VISA-MASTEFCARD ACCEPTED
E rr
�s,JEm
SPECIAL
HOBBYIST
PRICE
$39.95
5 "DISK DNL Y SlgiWII f!
18 PAGE MANUAL ONLY $3.95
SORRY, NO C.O.D.'S
6712 EAST PRESIDIO ST. • SCOTISOALE, AZ. 85254
FOR INFOAMAT10N CAU (101) H1·1157
059 Application Software
Specialty Electronics, Inc.
GENERAL LEDGER ACCOUNTS
wwn RECEIVABLE INVENTORY
01 PAYROLL
CASH JOURNAL vov�,.a�eonoo
fhO QV"*OI &eOQOt1t ll"lecentf.!ifOI k:)IO.-(KJ W'llh 0 t'I'W\In"'um 01 llfnoe lne SoetC::•OIIy E•ecrron•c• rn. So.ciOifY tloc:,ontet- tnt•roe.
"''Soooo"'[-O<'OICI� �··� U""Q 1h01410QtV'M WltOfO¢h\tO Acc:OUt'lhnQ Sv.sre, ••� AccountW\0 Svtte m Pf<MdoJ
11'0 Sontem w••,, .me cxac>OOO ¥OV • � noc"'Q """''oro ..,_c""'"""""'"-"'""""" C)OytOit-uooon WhiChgoe1bevonct
O'eQI1 � fi,IIJ (JJ'Q �101
con tn0 IOOIS IOJ c:on'IQtetO �01 Of 0 wriJ�nQ OOKhe<:,.t "' teotur•• fn.
���
1 PtOQ,JCe ooconc-o ..neots QII"''I 0100 ono o-c;11ve •n�tentofy Cluc>e
ntOITWt ttotomentt 1ft YOtiOut '1 PIOQICU\·"\10 O.ll·no and ' Weektv otweeuv Mtnlmontnrv
'
"'"'""">o
tormars ""'"""" 1 Doooor1•!orqvontll.osonnono on.o monttvv I)OV oenoot
J Ao"'Q (Jf I)OUOOI loDeC1ftKJ 0V
7 Oet.ne occount n.omot Qu()irll·t.e.t. 0"' Olottf OCt�tv ()!"'(J 2 Hourtv toiOrv �olton I'IOit.
'CXJC""' OOio•ltOnlng �"01 ""'""" � otnQf CO'C)OC)fattt ttov c.om""'-•loton ov.n.,-. ones
• ,..,... C\11�1 6"1fe'e<] OJ
"""�' ' eor...Diefe 1tt)f'r' OOS(J•O'leln como.nt.afOf\' C)OVC.OI�IOt\d
3 J'()r""'f tiJOCO !'000"1� '-GOO CO!OQO•y QtUUOio tuOOitOf '" "
OQO\
Df#\1 petC. et"f � �o1ementt 010 00"'0'0100 <f'tJotmatO'\ 0100'1 00'0\ IOCfCJOt J O.Ouclt�lonottol•oo.,..
!lthnQ tn(JtVICJu(JI tn\'OIC4U on<:J
. ""''"""""" ...... """""'" QvO"!tl'l(J� OIC tOIIIO�ttlo int Utane.• OCSOIIIonoC�•
0¥e1111e Gn"(U"dt IOfotoa 0¥' OQ·I"'Q 01 'POCIOI oe<llKitOnt
Or ua.ng "'4' •1"140fOC''r.>e OCC<:IU"lft ) Slf'f'IC>O .rout ()n(j tOCOf"'II
• oc:•...ab'e �ana CIC'¥0i•
� Ptovoe acteao..or!reM101on �� 11"!14)IOCI!Of\ W•lf\ 11\ft
l()t()' IJI''OCOOV'� .t Oolty ,.,...... kHDJOog 0"0...0
� Pnntt c he< •t tiUOt ( hK k
"'''"" OO"ft'OI IOOQ8I Wl!h '0• Jl'\lcX)IriQ_ rnvenrOfV Conrr04 1 COde ....... Ond toutnctf h .l t.fOIV
(YI(J !r(MJII! OoQOI'UM COI'fiOUfO<'
0 lr!C)Ut CJOIOof\ on ecdV 'Otoi.IQ¥. 6 P11n t �o w.'J tonn' 1otoero1 ones
I
'" "'
""'
I Ut• t� mu·lt comoon.,
IOCO'otetrv ona i>C»leo to voiOIJt
OCCO)Jn!O $299 •tote to• 'ctOOtf tntounott0t1
1 IICHCJt ""' •mOkweo n itJCHY
8 to._ IOblf!l Ollow UIOf
' ""' Accounos Receovot>te mocs.41cOtiOtt
ICOdo
Generolledgor 1-ooQe Payroll 1-code
$399 $299 $425
Complete Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . • • • • . . • . . . . $1995
• OS9 ond Bosic 09 ore trodemorks or Mlcrowore. Inc. ond Motorolo Corp.
P.O Box 541
2110 W. Willow s,,,, Elllflllllll (405) 233·1632
Enid. 01< 73701
'68' Micro Journal
 INTELLIGENT PRINTER INTERFACE
For SS-30 and SS-30C Computers (SWTPc, GIMIX, SSB and O t hers )

COSTS ABOUT THE SAME AS AN ORDINARY INTERFACE. Our Intelligent Prlnter lnter­
face offers much more. First, It features an on-board MC6802, 2K bytes firmware and 2K bytes (ex·
pandable to 8K) on RAM buffer. We have both RS-232-C Serial and Centronics parallel versions.
Both versions fit on the SS-30 (or SS-30C) bus. They work with standard system software. On-board
buffering of print data Is automatic and allows print spooling. But, there Is more: we have features
which can be Invoked under software control. Control sequences may be intermingled with print
lines.

H XT F- OHMA T T I NG: set

. left/right/top/bot· INTELLIGENT PRINTER INTERFACE
tom margins • set page length/page
size • set horizontal/ vertical tabs. VCM-SP Serial Printer version, assembled,
tested Owner's Manual . ... . .. .. . .. $129.95
fiii!I•!I'I�
l!! l!li'IIJ�IJ..
J ·t !!ll M• discard print, halt printer, restart
VCM-PP Parallel Printer version, assembled,
printer, halt at top of page, disable buf·
tested & Owner's Manual . . . .. . . .... $119.95
faring, test buffer, test printer
Cable assembly (serial or parallel type printer)
,
...
,, •
.,
....
,
..
: -.
.. '""
..
• ignore speci fled characters,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 $19.95
translate characters, auto linefeed,
Please add $3.00 S/H charges per order. Color­
download user-written filter program
ado residents add 3% tax. MCNISA accepted.

JCP (Job Control Program) for 6800/6809 FLEX

systems (see our ad In January '83 '68' Micro
Scientific lnstruments Journal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . $49.95
JCP Source + Object .. . . .. . .. . . $89.95
204 N. Unk Lane. Alpha 9
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Fort Collins. Colc:lmc:lo B0524 FLEXn.c 11 • reglateriCI trac�e,.n. of TeeMICal s.,.tema Conaultanta. Inc.
(303) 484·1913 CentronleiTM Ia • reglateriCI triCiemark of Centronlca O..to CotJ).

XX
COMPARE
our EPROM PROGRAMMER with the field.
68 Products $ALE
AU d.A\.A �� cttrOf"tly (r,_� f'lV1U(��..-..r • C"U:t-rart �rt.i•anq. Sof"\"WW'\r'\7. JPC is closing out some of its SS-50/30
tnt-.rf.ac.. w f'ltlr..lollh:y •._.,.. tt\y aho l«!! rc,..:,..in'd _, ...1dhton.'tl co.t�
Product Line ... and having a Sale on
• ,.,,,,,. "''1""!'! ll'k�
• a ..
ll :lf)lh
�tl in Ut f ,..
I A I B I c I D IEI F I the rest! Close out when stock is gone.
Sale ends Sept. 30. 1983.
INTERFA CE PAR PAR SER 530 SER SER

IN TELLIGEN T NO NO YES NO YES YES CLOSE OUT

PRO GRAMS MX-6 SS·SO Extender ..................$15.95
2704• • •
2506 • • • •
CK-7 Real Time Clock ................$45.95
21oe• • • • DAC·5 Dual Channel AID ............. $5 9.95
2758 • • • • • •
2518 • • • • • • PA-15 Parallel Interface ...............$24.95
2718 • • • • • • •
2718• • • • TS-11 Motor Control .................. S 5.95
2532 • • • • • •
2732
2't32A
•
•
•
•
• •
•
•
•
•
• SALE (•)
• •
25eot • • •
TC-3 High Speed CasseNe Interface ....$4 9.95
278ot • • • • •
2528 • • AD-16 16 Channel AID ... . ...... . . . . . . $69.95
27128 •
2818 • CFM/3CasseNe File Manager on CasseNe$19.95
N78ot •
87ot8 • CFM/3 CasseNe File Manager on EPROM $24.95
87ol8 •
BASIC/3 High Speed CasseNe Basic .....$39.95
TOTA l 3 12 II II II II
(•)Specify 6800 or 6809

�
PRICE SotS • s 1119 $ 28 8 $375 $ol88 $575

lerms: Cosh. Mollet Cord or Vlso

d'tWt ll'tlt1 I'TO)r�r. SIU. �f'lPl.,lt.ty ,.,.tule for�. 27S8. 2516. a.nd
Shipping a. Handling 53 50 (US) PROOOCTSCO
2716 hclw..J. Itt lfy Cl\l. llo>. "'"'·...., ..,.,,...,1119 ..y.c.- (1'9C"a fUO< or
$$8'• h)U ""'*' cwdvlliVf• �I only. SID: r•t\n::W:)le 'Wh.h � p.d'd\1\N.
SS 50 (Conodo) S1S 00 (Fore•gn) 294·4623
Phone (505)

UNITEK P.O. Box 671 Emporia, VA 23847 12021 Polsono C1.

Albuquerque. N.M. 87112
• •

'68' Micro Journal 51

 'lf'hefher forreasons of fHl oppeoronce. or rellobillry.
'Y0\1 like moSI Color Compu1er owners. would probably
prefer o beiT•r keyboord. '68' MICRO JOURNAL
How. you con hove one.
$89.95 * The only All 6800 Computer Magazine.
* More 6800 material than all the others com-
bined:
MAGAZINE COMPARISON
(2 yeara)
Monthly Averag•
6800 Articl• TOTAL
KB BYTE CC DOBB'S ' PAGES
1he
c-c......­ 7.8 6.4 2.7 2.2 19.1 ea. mo.
��-.
..,.,_ _,..oo.. oon .,._._ Average cost for all four each month: $8.53
...... 0 .... �-ed-­
·� _,.,.,.. ... one! ·- 1he r-fy
,....,....., � 9'"'1 onc1 -with """' • _,._ noc•ly
( Based on advertised 1-year subscription price}
�m.c-CDrr-.puro<._.._ Mdm.�•t.:ii>C\'dfY<OI'OIIVCIIOn
_ _,al,. _ _.., AQO.<IOV_ed_, a� The lour...,.,.,.....,. '68' cost per month $2.04
�m.··J!O_.....Inm.�--... .--""'""'"'"'""...........,
- 01 .,;rn - 110m .....oor. """' - opooallr odopll'CI - (""" .. '"""" 11099
� n.D() ""IUI'O>Otlloevt...,_,.,.�,IIMY W-urwr•'9� That's R1ght1 Much, Much More
onc!��-._o..lnt1docl1he�il-�b-Cciot
c......-b\l__..,._._..,�al-t<�oncl� for Aboul
� -oon 1o o ""''''e �on- �no -.nq 01 "''"''9
-n.-.,..,....,...-.. ,.-.-.,..,.,..,..-. ....._
b.foOo __...,bllOO(_wm.,...,...) ,...,_,a/_..._., 1/3 the Cost'
-- -IOr-(oncl-c-� ...onci--IOrm._,....... -----------------------

.._, caA 01 (T) Cclot onc!IDI' 100- "'-- IC)O<llv--.,.,..-­

�._..a-- _ .... _CDf0109_oncl_ ......
OK, PLEASE ENTER MY SUBSCRIPTION

MicronI• System• Corpor8tlon

Bill My· Master Ch arge 0 - VISA 0
.,�.......,.
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,
_ .......,. ...
, . .,_..,.._........,.......
...... uJ. NOQ �..... CICID._HO ODOttaC.... For 0 1-Year 0 3 Years
...... C
0 2 Years
Enclosed:$ ___

CALl.OAl·CLOCl I TIKll I PAlALLtL POtT

Name __ __ _ ___ __

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City ______ State ___ _LZ ip,

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ae Micro Journel
5800 C....nd111 Smith Rd.
Hlxaon, TN 37343

Caleadat - Clock CLK68-I

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• ..... .... ....... .,.....
• Ill ttl•I f•littoll llltolll
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l•lltllh�
.. .. . .
. . ..... , ... . .
• •• • ••• ••••• ,. .......... . . ......... " ... , • • t t -····
• ''' •I •••• ,.,.,,
f•t'f''' •••• •I• ••• II I• ' USA
I Year S24.50, 2 Year S42.50, J Year S64.50

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• • • • •lfl • ••• ••• t •• � ,. •FOREIGN SURFACE Add Sl2.00 per Year to USA Price
e ..
tt t •••• f••t•t •Itt. 4,111 tl•• "
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...,.,., ..
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Parallel 1/0 Port -- hilt • . ,., •• •• ,."

• tiP o•lltlll II II t letlt •t ••tt•t t-.ff• l•t 61 •"'f'•t• ,.. tlo• tofill
• ,....... . .... ,•••• • ,
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Conatructlon -- ····· . ····· . .... ........ . ., . .......... Cash (USA) Of' drawn on a USA Bank! I I

Ataea�le4 and lltte4 Sll9.9) Ktt

Gol.plet•• bue tonn 7.)0 t KHa optton
•
Olok ) or I so. Sit or Flo• OS9A- NOW
..•...
. .. ..
,.
,.
. ·········
.
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lO i ll T I O- C L lC TlO- I CI rhooo ()0)) 294-002)

1 00) \lor• I ondo O r. Sl �K rtalde�tl 1dd 4% taa
Albu � uer que, MH 1 7t2l Add Sl Shlpploa 6 8ondlloa

52 '68' Micro Joomal

 Universal Data Research, Inc. Introduces

300 Baud Acoustic ______ $149.00

300 Baud Direct $179.00
300 Baud Auto Answer $219.00
1200 Baud Direct $449.00
1200 Baud Auto Answer $499.00
300/1200 Auto Answer $549.00
300/1200 Auto Dial $599.00
Modem 2 Port 1/0 Card $119.00
with speed select
Printer Special: Okidata 82A __ $449
Dealer Inquiries Welcome • Call or Write For Free Catalogue

FLEX* and UniFLEX*

software for the 6809 Integrated
Business Programs

O
DATABAE
MANAGER
FLEX UniFLEX
L--..-- Accounts Payable $295 $395
Accounts Receivable _ $295 $395
General Ledger $295 $395
Inventory 2 $295 $395
Payroll $295 $395
Data Base Manager __ $350 $450
Word Processing

Software $295 $395

WP Menu $150
P Control $150

• FLEX & UmFL EY aro TrademorAs of Tochmcol Systems

2457 Wehrle Drive, D-68, Buffalo, NY 14221

PHONE (716) 631-3011
VISA'
Dealer lnqu1res Welcome

'68' Mlcto Journal 53

 J
BLANK PC BOARD
SUPPORT ICs • CAPS - $18.00
WITH DOCUMENTATION
FULL SOCKET SET - $15.00
$52

ASSEMBLED AND TESTED ADD $40

FEATURES:
* Uses new 2K x 8 (TMM 2016 or HM 6116) RAMs.
56K $249
* Fully supports Extended Addressing. 64K $299
* 64K draws only approximately 500 MA.
* 200 NS RAMs are standard. (TOSHIBA makes TMM 2016s as fast as 100 NS. FOR
YOUR HIGH SPEED APPLICATIONS.)
* Board is configured as 3-16K blocks and 8-2K blocks (within any 64K block)
for maximum flexibility.
* 2716 EPROMs may be installed anywhere on Board.
* Top 16K may be disabled in 2K blocks to avoid any 1/0 conflicts.
* One Board supports both RAM and EPROM.
* RAM supports 2MHZ operation at no extra charge!
* Board may be partially populated in 16K increments.

16K STATIC RAMS?

The new 2K x 8. 211 PIN stat•c RAMs are the next generation of h1gh dens1ty, h1gh
speed. low power RAMs P1oneered by such compan1es as HITACHI and
TOSHIBA and soon to be second sourced by most maJor U S manufacturers.
these ultra low power parts feature 2716 compat•ble p1n out Thus fully
mterchangeable ROM RAM boards are at last a reality. and you get BLINDING
speed and LOW power thrown 1n lor VIrtually noth1ng

TERMS Add $200 Wf! pay bal3nc� Ordl'r under Sl!l idd 75(
Digital Research Computers
poslacw
handlonq No C 0 0 W!' acc.-pt Vo�.t and M;mr<Chargr T f!• Res add !1"­
(OF TEXAS) Ta. ro11•ogn ordrrs teocept Cannda).ldd :.>00.. P & H OrClefs o-.et SSO.add
P . O . BOX 401565 • GARLAND . TEXAS 75040 • 271· 3538 e�e lor onsurnner

54 '68' Micro Journal

00000000�0
ARCADE 50 assembtod anct teslod $32500
ARCADE SO Vt<leo and AuOoo connec;ror sol
4 Joyslock conneero; ser
IS 00
rs 00
2 Radoo Shack IOVSIICks 24 00
UHF channel 33 modulator 32 00
POWERFULCOLORGRAPHICS Gold Motex conneero;s 12 0 0 TERMINUS DESIGN INC on conruncloon woth
Uses rne new TMS9918A Vodeo Dosplay Pro NBASIC to; 6800 110 00 Mocroware Systems Corporatoon. os prOUd to an·
cessor Hogn resotutoon 256 x 192 p1xet Oosptay FBASIC lor 6809 I I 0 00 nounce FBASIC·an enhancemonl or Mocroware's
worn t 5 colors 1 6 k Bytes or ont>oard RAM ooes FBASIC lwtlh ARCADE 501 75 00 6800 NBASIC ThOu laSI compoled BASIC nas been
nor reduce user memory 32 grapnoc Images con FBASIC {manual only) 10 00 adapted tor 6 609 users woth added lll doo and
be indovt<lually moved wllh simple X·Y commands ARCADE 80 {TRS MOOel II 39500 sound features tor ARCADE 50 users FBASIC Is a
tor smoorn anomaroon ARCADE l O O t S tOO BUSS) 37500 true compoler lhal Ploduces oollmtled machine
External Vt<leo Input allows subllllong ARCADE 50 RGB 37500 languagemodufes whoch are AOMable and requore
NTSC composote vodeo output LABVIDEO !Motorola EXORbus) 37500 no Run lome oackaoe FBASIC requues tess
SOUNDEFFECTS AND MUSIC LABVIDEO RGB 37500 memory overhead and runs hunctreds o1111nes las·
ThreeAY3·8910 Ptogrammabte Sounct NEW MV09 6809 Processor Board 22500 ter than BASIC onterl)loters It supports standard
Generarors ·Comes assembled woth PIA and ACtA BASIC onsrrucroon oncludong Stro ng luncloons, Otsk
None somullaneous voices ·I 2 Sockets tor 2 7 1 6 2732 o; RAM 1/0 and last onloger arothmetoc woth mullopto-procl·
Three ondtipendent noise sources •Supports DMA dosk 110 soon capabollty Graphocs verbs and !unctions fully
Onboard stereo omptotoer droves two 8 onm 'Ideal tor 6809 upgrade or process control SltPPQrt the Arcade 50 Arcade slatoments Inctude
speakers AMOEK COLOR I Monolor 42500
ADD I T O
I NAL1 1 0 CAPABILITIES AMDEK COLOR II Monotor 799 00 INIT MODE BLANK BACKDROP
Eognr analog onputs woth 8 bot resolullon AMOEK COLOR Ill Monotor 499 00
SIZE M"C VRlG DElAY
Suppofls lour rovsucks woth pusnounon sworcnes 79500
MOVE DRAW FCOLOR JSWITCH
256K Oynamoc Memory Board
REMOVE RORAW BCOLOR SWIICH
Eognr 0.1 parallel 1/0 port casseml>lodi PSG lONE ENVL VOLUME
Enrore unor maps onto 256 bytes ol memo'Y 256K Oynamoe Memory Board 395 00 AOC SPAll£ SPN...r.IE ENDEF
DOCUMENTATION AND SOFTWARE rassemblod w/64 K) SPCOLOR RSPRIIf SPDH PAlDH
Ptogtammong manuals lor Vodeo and Sound 64K Oynamoe Meroory Board 295 00 VPEEK VPOKE vPRINT
Ptocessors (assembled)
Subroulone library and Super Demo Maze Game
TERMINUS DESIGN INC
Example programs In BASIC, FBASIC and Specory 5.. or 8 soli soc1or dosk lor TSC's !'LEX or 16 SCARBROUGH ROAD
ASSEMBLY M ICR OWARE'S OS/9 sys1em ELLENWOOD. GA �9
User ltbra'Y ano sates support TERMS CASH VISA MC C 0 D (•041 •7•·.a&a

OOOOOOOOQQOOOt

68 MNR> JOtHW.. PRD&RAMS

Disk 11: FILESORT, �INICAT, MINICOPY, MINIFMS,

a. DISK
WINCHESTER
"LIFETIME, �Y, HfOOOLIST, "DIET.
Disk 12: DISKEOIT w/ lnst. & fixes, PRIME, llf'RMOO,
FOR MOTOROLA
*"SNOCPY, HfOOTBALL, "HEXPAWN, "LIFETIME.
Disk ll: CBUG09, SECI, SEC2, FINO, TABLE2, INTEXT,
OISK-EXP, -o i S K SAVE.
EXORCISOR/MDOS
0 10MB Winchester hard disk runs MOOS on Motorola
Disk 14: MAILING PROGRAM, •FINOOAT, •CHANGE,
Exorcisor System 0 No modification to MOOS required
*TESTOISK.
Disk 15: •oiSKFIX I, •OISK F I X 2, ••LETTER, oMOOS based software stays alive 0 All user software
"LOVESIGN, "BLACI<JAK, �WLING. operates without modification 0 Optional SA-801 A flex­
Disk 16: "P�CHASE ORDER, lt«>EX (Oisk file lndx), ible diskette drive system 0 Optional10MB removable
Disk 17: Linking Loa de r & RLOAO, Herkness
Disk 18: CRTSET, Lenpher 0411)' 182) cartridge.
Disk 19: OATECXPY, OISKFIX9 (Aug 182) For Information call (619) 566-3911
NOTE: All ere es published or received by
Micro Journal, some h ave fixes end patches.

This Is a reeder service onlyl No W arranty Is

68

(sn Computer System Associates

7562 Trade Street San CA 92121

offer.._, or IMP II ed, they er e es receIved end ere

tor reeder convenience ONLY.
progreMS ere mixed, es
Also 6800 end 6809
each Is fairly sl�le
$6895.
(oaostlyl to convert to the other.

PRICE: 8" Disk $19.95- 5" Disk Sl7.95 �

68 MICRO JOURNAL
POB794
Hixson, TN 3734) ' '
61�842-4600
-
-
• Indicates 6800, •• Ind icates BASIC SWTPC or
TSC- 6809 no Indicator.
14ASTER CARD - VISA Kcepted - Foreign edd
sufficient postage surfeOd or elr!!

'68' Micfo Joumal 55

 TEN MOST-ASKED QUESTIONS
ABOUT
THE ELECTRONIC SPREAD-SHEET FOR 6809 COMPUTERS
1. What Ia an alactronlc apread·ahMt,
anyway?
Business people use spread·sheets to
organize columns and rows of figures.
DYNACALC simulates the operation of
a spread-sheet without the mess of
paper and pencil. Of course. correc·
tlons and changes are a snap.
Changing any entered value causes the
whole spread-sheet to be re-calculated
based on the new constants. This
means that you can play, 'what If?' to
your heart's content.
2. Ia DYNACALC juat lor accountanta,
than?
Not at all. DYNACALC can be used for
Just about any type of job. Not only
numbers, but alphanumeric messages
can be handled. Engineers and other
technical users will love DYNACALC's
sixteen-digit math and built-In sclen·
tlllc functions. There's even a bullt·ln
sort command, so you could use
DYNACALC to manage small data
bases · up to 256 records.
3. Wh11t will DYNACALC do lor ME?
That's a good question. Basically the
answer Is that DYNACALC will let your
computer do just about anything you
can Imagine. Ask your friends who have
VisiCalc, or a similar program, Just how
useful an electronic spread-sheet
program can be for all types of house·
hold, business, engineering, and sclen·
tlfic applications.
ORDER YOUR
Foreign Daalara:
Australia & Southeast Asia: order from
Paris Radio Electronics, 7A Burton St ..
Darllnghurst. NSW 2010 Sydney. Tete·
phone: 02-357-5111.
United Kingdom: order from Compu­
sense, Ltd., PO Box 169, London N13 4HT.
Telephone: 01-882·0681.
Scandinavia: order from Swedish Elec·
tronlcs hk AB, Murargatan 23-25, Uppsala
S-754 37 Sweden. Telephone: 18-25-30.00.
Version NOW Available
OS-9
$250.00
UniFLEX software prices include maintenance for the first year.
DYNACALC, DYNAMITE, and DYNAMITE+
are trademarks of Computer Systems Center .
F·MATE II &lr&domatlc ot OalaoComp.
VlaiCalc Ia alrodomorlt or VlaiCorp.
Q:$..8 ta a lra<lemark of Mkfoware ana MoiOtola
FLEX ancl UniFLEX aro tradlmat-a ot TSC
56
DYNACALCTM
4. Do I ha'le to learn computer
programming?
NOI DYNACALC Is designed to be used
by non-programmers, but even a Ph.D.
In Computer Science can understand it.
Built-In HELP messages are provided
for quick reference to operating
Instructions.
5. Do I ha¥1 to modify my ayatem to uaa
DYNACALC?
Nope. DYNACALC uses any standard
6809 configuration, so you don't have
to spend money on another CPU board
or waste time learning another operat­
Ing system.
8. Will DYNACALC read my exlatlng data
lilaa?
You bet! DYNACALC has a beautifully
simple method of reading and writing
data Illes, so you can communicate
both ways with other programs on your
system, such as the Text Editor. Text
Processor, Sort/Merge, RMS data base
system. or other programs written In
BASIC, C, PASCAL, FORTRAN, and so
on.
7. How Ia at Ia DYNACALC?
Very. Except for a lew seldom-used com·
mands, DYNACALC Is memory-resident,
so there is llnle disk 110 to slow things down.
The whole data array (worksheet) Is in
memory, so access to any point is instan­
taneous. DYNACALC I s 100% 6 8 0 9
machine co d e for blistering speed.
DYNACALC™ TODAY
DYNAMITE+
Computer Syatama Canter
13481 Oliva Bl'ld.
Cheaterflald, MO 83017
(314)578-5020
8. Ia there a 'llrtlon of DYNACALC lor MY
ayatam?
Probably. You need a 6809 computer
(32k minimum) with FLEX or UniFLEX
operating system. A version for OS-9 Is
also In the works. You also need a
decent CRT terminal, one with at least
80 characters per line, and direct cursor
addressing. If your terminal isn't smart
enough lor DYNACALC, you probably
need a new one anyway. The UniFLEX
version of DYNACALC also allows you
to mix different brands of terminal on
the same system. There's also a special
version of DYNACALC for Color Com·
puters equipped with FLEX and Data­
Camp's F-MATE. A version for Frank
Hogg's Color Computer FLEX is also
being done.
9. How much doea DYNACALC coat?
The FLEX versions are just $200 per
copy; UniFLEX version $395. Foreign
orders add $10 per copy for postage.
We encourage dealers to handle
DYNACALC, since It's a product that
sells Instantly upon demonstration.
Call or write on your company letter·
head for more Information.
10. Whera do I order DYNACALC?
See your local DYNACALC dealer, or
order directly from esc at the address
below. We accept telephone orders
from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., Monday through
Friday. Call us at 314-576-5020. Your
VISA or MasterCard Is welcome. Please
specify diskette size for FLEX versions.
Software serial number Is required lor
the UniFLEX version of DYNACALC.
.------ALSO FROM CSC------,
''THE CODE BUSTER"
now nallablelor UniFLEX
05-9 'llralon aoon
DYNAMITE+ Is a new version of DYNA·
MITE. our popular 680916800 disassembler
package for 6809 FLEX. Present users of
DYNAMITE can upgrade to DYNAMITE+ by
sending us the original DYNAMITE diskette
and $40 (plus $5 for foreign postage).
DYNAMITE+ does everything DYNAMITE
does, and morel A crosa·relerence gener­
ator has been added, label Illes are now
maintained only In text form (LABEL EOU
Sxxxx), and boundary file specifications
have been tremendously simplified, which
makes It easier to disassemble large pro·
grams containing lots of big tables.
The UniFLEX version of DYNAMITE+
does everything the FLEX version does, and
also automatically handles system calls
and 'Info' areas.
DYNAMITE+ Is available for $100 per
copy on FLEX (specify diskette size), and
$300 on UniFLEX. Foreign orders add S5 per
copy for postage.
'68' Micro Journal
 WINDRUSH MICRO SYSTEMS
ALL- ..-TWO EPROM PROGRMWER A to•ruldfnt UUOI/AIIIIe&.(l ��odu.n by ,,.,...
rrou •hhtl
u\•• eou ot 11-t p•ln owt ot uu-•L.., hntvloOt Ot<OOf••
otvttoo-.nt • •ll.OIIII Ctrott•ll\ tO� wtillti"', tdtttd, UUIIDltd,
W
.-'41 cte·bu,..,.ct IT HOU
T htt '"''''1'\0 ttlt cth' • r• tt oo ng:
,.,,....
lnc:lueltl IftAct • co•rttiOtnt .. 0/0 1 /S UUOI/C.OU•A$S£NUI.

Pl./9 a co n dltt'l
•r l l lti!OitiCOMI'H.U/H•IUCGtt ..ruun O:t Cu�•
t,..u. A tt"flt o•u co.oHtr '"•' procswcu OMition
t,_,.�t uchf,.. COOt Otoll�t. SWOCIOf'U ..
"7 IASIC,. SPl./flt"
.tn0 'A.SCA&. ttn..ct"r.,. S\C!PO"'h I btt eNI t6 bH ti9"'Ufd 4Aii Sl
bH fto.t1"'9 ootnt urt.e,ttl. fUI 110, t\..11"'1 ooll"'t, _,.
ut...,ttftc '""""'� \tb,.t) holt.o.�rct) lnct"'*d·

t-£TAIL(D OWU\i'I(VS Of 1MI. �( "'IMKU U( Off P-"l-1

3SIS6 Of 1M( OC10kl 198Z ISSUC: Of '68 "100 JOUINAl.

the- 'lU Vt"•i(lll"' Of \Jlt J ...l "c(oth '(0 UMIPhttr U1•t .,••
odt4Mtly c;..wlOP•O for UNIH.tl. SwPO'U •U '(1 o.t• typet
• ,,.�,, Ult IIOst vtr\•lth f� NOGIN'R(I •uH.Ott. l nt trf•u• e•u•ot •no•tt.'., 'doublet'., Mt4l 'bit·fi•lct.'. ,,.oo..c•• ""'
I tofc.art tor (IOichor·lt CfuUf' •delrtu•ble) •tid SS•lO but trau•t. •tflc\tf\1 . ,,.,..,,,
L•""'U•t- •ource ow''""'· ltt. liC rttloc•tl"'9
•ut'fll)hr/llnldnv lOIItlrt C$1'09•11) h ru..-e�CI If JOU •hh
• ,fH)C:.""'"-U AHO YltHtiSlSOI/1101, 2)1011710 CSlNCU 4N.D UI•¥Oh to """• flil•t...,. ,,..
ot <•• 6blthr 10 or�ce Ubr.r,. .,.,.,. . .
H'U) �]2,. 21.S2, 21JlA,. 2164, U64 AHD fM( 128( n•$lS28 (16et • I)
•> •> ·> WitHOUT AOOITJOHA&. ·�tiOHAt..UY" IIIICOULU <• <• <•

MC( Cl"'<lt.Hkt '-"ACU •••••••• (6A()9 flh �t) ••••••••••••••• s, ...CIO

"-10 tii'IICt-.,On KA1'HS o•c•-.l .C..OO ILU OHI,.'t') ••••••••••••••••191.00
• OtlHSJV( (OMU.NOS "'-MJ•••••••MO¥l OAU,. tf&.D,. PltOU.AJt,. Vlll, U"IOIU,.
UAI'tM:/CM.t.JIIGl eurua,. rCMAAnn .......,
or IIUffU,. ttu ..,,u.
•c• (A '"' 6109 FL£• ,,.,, •• '" 'H���� tr_.d) •••••••••••••••••••••,l9s.oo

.tr.l.L •IN•f\10,. "'orw .,.,,,CW'I •• .,., ....,. Mtwn•••••••sns.oo

• fw\\y drO�tH ...., •• �•t W/ullil ...ttc• & tliiHrr ot OPt''•ttOI".
S·.JO
Uo-cts-•r AU•IN•f\110., VI.,. v•rttOI'I! •t 'Oft•iltf' 0rtllf*''•••••••SJf1,.00
sonWA•l Mlwtas for • ltwJ,. ''• .. '"'• 01'/Stl •••••••• ·········' n.oo
�'•••lorwlb flfthlloflt Pea•• V/tolWt rntst I c�t Olfttrh)'

...,.II.Oh t� CIUI 2/9),. US8,,. (0$•9),. tnd (ROO$),

• \4ttdr• �twr•
•u SOUIICl fSLU �Jlt. ICiol'cltr o.tiSYS Mid -�d tlu Of\ O'Otr•
P .. IC(S l h ( LUOt & It "A 1 l P0$1 4 � (

• IINr-p fth •Ut/.,.lf( wth�t\U ti.IOCtUttd •11� 0$•9 wrt•on. llNrf

WORSTEAD LABORATORES
ttl� ott••• l�t •""''"'d •Hh ""',..,.t . on. .., 1•30 1Ul•4N
t4t...tU/liSt0.0/COMftt0t.1.(.
• fUU.Y AS$(-fO,. IUI"JrtU• J�, AHt tUtU•••••NO (111_4$ 10 IUY! VlLL 8£ AV.Il.Akt SOON!
NORnt WALSHAM, NORFOLK
ENGLAND NR28 9SA
WE ARE A STOCKING DISTRt8UTOR OF 558, GIMIX, TSC A MICACMNE. TEL: (0692) 405189
GMX IS THE US/CAN. OISTJBITOR FOR WINDRUSH. TLX: 97380 SHARET G

FOUR DIGIT DISPLAY BARE HIGH RELIABILITY STORAGE

FOR THE SS -50 BUS
BOARD
PLUGS INTO SS-30 SLOT
ASSEMBLY MANUAL AND 0 I S K B U B provides 128K bubble memory
replacing a disk drive.
SOFTWARE
-no moving parts to wear out
$29.95 PLUS $2.50 POSTAGE -direct boot capability
-withstands harsh environments
such as dust. heat. vibration
CMOS 6805 CONTROLLER BARE -taster than standard drives
BOARD -utility software supplied

ASSEMBLY MANUAL AND

Diskbub plugs into the 30 pm 110 bus.
DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE Flex09 drivers and boot rom provided.
$39.95 PLUS $2.50 POSTAGE Available for only

CHICAGO COMPUTER
PRODUCTS
IUNIVEASAL
I � DATA �
� ----

2457 Wehrle Drive. 8-68

P.O. BOX 11943 �RESEARCH
�INC.
l BuHalo, New Yor11 14221
Phone (716) 631-3011
CHICAGO, IL 60611-0943
Dealer Inquiries Welcome
6 PM TO 9 PM (312) 225-6691 -

'68' Micro Journal 57

 Model EP-2A-88

EPROM Programmer
RBF-CACHE for OS9 level 2
Device driver to create an RBF device with Its storage
In RAM (acts like a very fast disk) ... $1 00.00
Proven Reliability
UTI LITIES·A for OS9 level 2
Easy To Use
Utilities to locate dump and disassemble from
Remarkably Fast memory or Illes, fast level 2 PRINTERR and other
utilities ... $75.00

Specify s· or 51/.r • disk when ordering, Inquire for

level 1 cache availability.

•. . AI"""" es letr .,. JKknobl>lta

R<C<JIIIhott 1n AUSir
�
.... ..., robbu CAI1 rfll")ducc ,._ 13 million olbpctng In t!Yee ll'l<'11
OurEP 2A IQ! 2 bdng not quite asla>l. I 101'> teeend< Ia< 2716'•lb c;apoblc of -•mmtng
1.892,160Epr<>mt In three Y""" Our"""' EP 2A�-4 . 54nglc puthbunon control. chick$
QMM1·B 256K MEMORY
if Eptomo oro «rl>Md. Pf09Jll"" and vertfiu. mains many olrtw ou�J�Andlng '•• tv
•
EP 2A·88·2 M'lft.,., dlagno>lia and audio p«>mpl
.. of th•
FOR SSSO·C 6809 SYSTEMS
. • • And genlng ,...... Compatible with systems by SSB, GIMIX, and SWTPC
Th• EP·2A·884 h4s l)lplc;aJ pn>gramming omftla< tlw lntol2764's, 1l 2564'• of only 50 Including those with DMA disk controllers.
ond 80 �JUil 100 MOOnds lor rlw 27128 &tthat b no< oD slnc1tlw EP-2A�-4 can
oho clo tlw 2716, 2732, 2732A and 2532 Epooms Full 2Mhz operation with transparent on board refresh, runs
continuously at 2 Mh.z without cycle stretching or stealing.
P&rt No. o..crlpdon Prke
EP 2r\ 8ll 4 EPfOITI Pli>!J'onunor IISV 50/60HZ S55000 Very versatile addressing and disable features.
Non 11ondord •dtago 1220v. 2<10v. <>< 1OCM 15.00
Parity option halts processor and sounds audible alarm upon
detecting a read error.
C....,. Modul- DMce c-blllty
All boards assembled, tested, burned In and warranted for 1
-20 2732 .................. S2S.OO CM-20A 2732A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $33.00
year.
CM-40 2S32 . . • • . . . . . . . . . . • . . • 2S.OO CM-50 2716, 2SI6 . .. .. • • . . 2S,OO
-642 2564 • • .. . . . . • • . . . . . . • 2S.OO CM-643 2764 • . .. • .. • • .. .. .. • 2.5.00 Also available with 64K, 128K, or 192K.
CM-645 27128 ............... 2S.OO SE-64·2 Sockt1ElcpenMTior2564 93.00
256K for $935.00 - 256K w/ parity $1035.00
SE-64-:ISockottJcp.nd«rla<2764,27123 . . . . . . ................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93.00
Delivery: Stock-2 weeks. Terms: Prepaid or COD.
Optimal Technology, Inc. D.P. Johnson (503)244-8152
Phone(804)973-5482
7655 S.W. Cedarcreat St., Portland, OR 97223
Blue Wood 138 Earlysville. Va 22936

GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER CO.

INFOMAG DBMS
A data base management system specifically designed
for microprocessor based computer systems.

STYLOGRAPH 2.0 FLEX version $295 UNIFLEX version $395

T h e best word processor on the market today.

STYLOGRAPH is an easy to learn efficient wa y of creating.
reviewing, deleting and printing text. STYLOG R APH is now OSBORNE BUSINESS
available for the TRS- 80 Color Computer!!
PROGRAMS
STYLO 2.0 OS9, FLEX $295 UN IFLEX $395 Color FLEX $195

MAIL MERGE ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ACCOUNTS PAYABLE

MAIL MERGE OS9, FLEX, Color FLEX $125 UNI FLEX $175 FLEX GENERAL LEDGER UN I FLEX
$295 each $395 each

SPELLING CHECKER
•

SPELL CHECK 089, FLEX, Color FLEX $145 UN IFLEX $195 6809 Software Tools Availablell
10% discount on GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER CO.
cash with order. P.O. IIOX 111/IOAHO FALLS. ID 13402 I PH: (2011 5211·3210
V•sa and MasretCaiiJ accepted

58 '68' Micro Journal

 USER FRIENDLY UN IFLEX* COBOL SOFTWARE
These programs will allow you the same versatility on your SWTPC computer as Is available on a large malnframe
system.

They have been used and tested by virtually hundreds of businesses and are versatile enough to run any business.
Dealers will find II extremely simple to Introduce to your prospects and your sates should Increase with the
ease of operation and versatility of the package. Completely interactive.

A TOTAL BUSINESS SYSTEM.

AN EXTREMELY USER FRIENDLY, MENU DRIVEN SOFTWARE BUSINESSPACKAGE

GENERAL LEDGER
ACCOUNTSPAYABLESPACKAGE
PACKAGE
ACCOUNTS VENDORPROGRAMS
$995 RECEIVABLE PURCHASE ORDERS
CHECKWRITING, ETC.
PAYROLL $595
$695 $695
Detailed Descriptive Brochure................ 10.00 Manuals and Demo Programs . . . . • . . . . • . . • • • . 100.00
Dealer Inquiries Invited
ATLAST!II A COMPLETE AND RELIABLE

BACKUP & RESTORE PROGRAM FOR UNIFLEX

This program will download your enure hard disk or selected directories to lloppys. creattng all directories with·
out bombing out when disks 1111 up. Restore reverses the process. Backup has many umque options which allow
you to tailor the procedure to meet your needs. Compatible with any UN I FLEX system.

Manuals $5.00
SPECTRA
Programs $75.00
(Manuals Included)
SYSTEMS
BOX 333, EAGLE, IDAHO 83616, PHONE (208) 939·8813
• Unlllex Is a trademark of Technical Systems Consultants.

CP/M ON THE SS50 BUS

MOOS COMPATIBLE
PRINTER INTERFACE META LAB
PARALLEL/SERIAL Z809 SOFTBOARD SYSTEM
Makes a Serial look like a Parallel to MOOS CP/M SOFTWARE ON SS50 BUS

FEATURES
-RUN CP/M ON YOUR SS50 COMPUTER
-INCLUDES CP/M 2.2 WITH EDITOR,
-ASSEMBLER. DEBUGGER. UTILITIES
-FULL SOFTWARE SUPPORT AND USER
DOCUMENTATION
-COMPLETE CP/M REFERENCE MANUALS
-STANDARD CP/M DISK
-ZBOA MICRO OPERATING AS A
CC>-PROCESSOR TO YOUR 6809
-ALL 1/0 THRU SS50 SYSTEM DEVICES
-EASY TO INSTALL
- ONE YEAR WARRANTY e $595

Available on Glmix DMA68 and SWTP DMAF2 56K

Contact us about other c onfigu ra tions

MOOEl Plf\.3
• Completely Motorola EXOIIcosor compahblt no software patelles required OTHER PRODUCTS ON SS30 BOARDS
• 3 mOdts or of)trahon c.nrroniCS parallel RS·232.C. and 20rnA cuuenrtoop
• ADC 1200 12 8/TADC. 16 CHANNELS. 25 uSee $795
• a bauo rates 11 0. I SO, 300 . 600 . 1200 . 2 400 4800 and 9600
• RS·232.C handshakrng • CIS or XONIXOFF t0CIIOC3) • DAC 1220 12 BIT DAC. 2 CHANNELS, 10 uSee 1395
• 20 mA handshaking· XONIXOFF t0CIIOC3) • GP/8 4800 IEEE 488 CONTROLLER

Assembled and Tested (on<ludts all tlbittl

J\
5349 00

1 � t(
8111 Board w/Oocumtntallon S 6f 00 These are lndusrr/a/Ouallly PrOducla.
Dealer InQuiries welcomed.
803-879-3228
CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
P.O. Box 1143 Taylors. South Carolina 29687 J::J/
r!Ji.AB : \fl 1 ' · 1 ·1 '1 1 I 1 1
"• < O liN I Y l I NI I H l fdl I
LH .
L O N <,MO N T COIHJ', 1>1

·sa· Micro Joumat 59

 •l•)el•)el•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•�
FfiD i Assoelat•s I
5 MEG
sso, eo1or eo..puw

1210 Todd Boa d

f Bo•rda t. Accessoriea

N•w Pl�outh, Ohio f

..

HARD DISK
4S6S4 Send for freeCe����2 S721 !
VI.. - MeeterCh•rtt• - C.O.D. .!.
· •l•l•leJ•Iefe)e)el•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•l•·
�
.!.
COLOR COMPUTER DISI ORIVER BOARD
-

$600°0�10
Us1ng exper1ence ga1ned w1th our 530 disk
e controllers. we have developed a controller for
!
.!.
use with the Color Computer.

.!.
The ROC-I uses 179�, or 1797 FDC chiP and the
new SMC921o9 s1ngle chip which
•
dala separator
ls a ftiUCh lower cost than popular ch1p sot

j
-
separators and Is all digital. The board also
This Is a new Shugart SA·t002 S 33 megabyte hard dislc dnve. Interfacing H to your
has dlg1tal wr1te procoftlp &o no adjustftlents are
6809 sys1em Is a snap with the Wellern OlgiUII W01001·8S lntetligef'lt controller
required.
card ($350). "How to- 811icles IO< the SS·SO BUS can be lound In this magazine by

.!.
ZeH (Sept., Nov. '82) and by Graves (Oct '82) We can supply drives. oontrotlera,
- The board accepts e1lher a �4 or 2B p1n ROM or
cables. power supp4ies and enclosures aeperatety 0< In complete packageS We
EPROM allow1ng up to lol of on-board memory.
elso he\19 inlerfaces lor the 18M PC. Health 89 90. S·IOO. Apple II and STO BUS
•
-
It IS completely Rad1o Shacl compatJbl• 1f the
Send S22 lor complete manual set
•
-
RS 01sk Extended BasiC ROM 1s used. We w1ll

•
-
have software to operate FLEX• without Extended

•
�Com[?uter
Bas1c and Disk Extended Bas1c us1ng our
-
•
-
FADBUG-C
operating
mon1tor.
with EB �DEB.
Others have
ROC-I
1t now
IS compatible.
for

f
¥
ROC-I
FDCI797
DEBROM
bare board. doc.
controller chip
01sl Ex BaSIC ROM
and 92168 .49.:50
s30.00
•3:5.00
UlJ DYNAMICS
BDCASE • 7.:50 105 S. Main St. Greer, SC 29651

=·. Ph. 803-877-7471

�
add s3 s/h. Oh res add 5 purcunt.
• Trademarl, of Tochnlcal Systeftls Consultants

�·1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•1•

SOFTWARE FoR tFORTH6

from the author of 6809 fig-FOR- H

THE PROFESSIONAL'S CHOICE

THE HARDCORE TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS

--> 1'FORTH SYST94S c---

•• TOOlS FOR PR<lelEM SOLVERS • • ror all FLEX syst•�: GIMIX, SWTP, SS8, or EXORcltor;
or convart to otMr syst•s. Spec:I fy ' or e Inch
oo FIRST - You hava a probl• -- ()H WOEI dl sllatta, hardwa,.. type, and 6800 or 6809. FOf'
at•ndelone ve,..lona, .,..1 te.
oo SECO!t> - Of couraal UM a C0119utarl
Manuals avallabla -rataly - price In (),
oo THIRD -- ChooM tM M�f hardwara -- a 68091 Add $5/syst• fOf' shipping, Sl2 for fo,..lgn air,

oo FORTH Cllooaa fM _, UMful soffwara. •• tFORTH- erlandad fig FORTH (I dlslll SIOO ($151
with fig II,.. editor.

--> FORTH - A TOOL FOR CRN'TM'NI •• tFOR'fl* - ertandad IIOf"al () ,. or 2 a• dlsllll S250
--> Join fM t'-Mnds of probl• SOIWII'S who U251
have disc:.,...,.., tM FORTM •tllod of producing Includes 2nd sc:,..... editor, ·�....,lar, el<fandad data
rasulta, .,,.,..., of IOOI>edl•llfs, typas utility ooc:ebularles, OOIICl FORTH CAl coursa on
FORTH, �. and clabu!llllng aids.
tFORTH Is a ,..fln-.1 worslon of FORTH lnte,..sf Group
standard FORTH for 6809 land 68001; )OJ faster than •• TR$-80 COLORFORTH - avallabla fr,. The Micro WOf'kS
FIG-FORTM, Mvaral tl•• faster than BASIC.
---> N'PliC,.TIOIIS PAOGRNCS <---
FORTH Is unique -.ng c.. putar languages In •ny
raspec:ta, not tM taut of which Is that It was crMtad •• f lnof'ORTH - 6809 only, U50 tSIOI
by probl• ..,lwors to help fh• on with tMir t•sks, For targat COII>IIatlons to r-bla coda.
ratMr tha�� by COII9ufar sc:l..,tlsta. Aut...tical Iy cialet" UIIUSed coda and unnMdad
dictionary lnfo,..tlon. Includes full source coda for
FORTM at�pllcatlons ....,. spanftad a wide ranv- of taslr..\ tarpt cOil>llar and asMntlal FORTH nucleus. Raqul,..s
IIIJt..,lng to gala•l.,, tallllng with dolphins, but does nat Include trORTII+.
n•Ming robots, controlling production line ..chl,..ry,
a"" ....,htstlcated grat�hh:s syst-. •• TIN!' P"SCAl COII>IIar In FORTH. 6800/09 S75 ($201
•• FORTH PfiOCJI-IICl AIDS - alaborata clac0119lllng and
UMI'S of FORTH ..._n productivity pins of 2 to 10 progr• .,..lysis tools St50 tSIOI.
-r crtMr _l..,..n t tools. flnofORTMit.l Ia for the •• "'so available: coda fOf' floating paint, tl•rs, and
,rogr-r who ,....,s to &<�-•• tM -t'lftto r.... r..l tl- progr-lng.

tttFORTH and firmFORTH are tredemaru of Talbot Microsyslems.

OfLEX Ia a tnldemartt of Technical Syslems Consultants. Inc.
.
M YSTEMS

60 '68' Micro Journal

 *** NEW 6805 ALL CMOS CARD ***

D8-2S •s-zu

Cl Cl
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.. aaaDDft ..
.. aaaaa - a
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Cl aoaaa Ul6 Ul 7 • • Ul8 ••
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Cl
aa HhlU H la2U Hls640
... .,. .... . ..
@ ss - so BUSS COHHtCTO• @
CPU-S-11 $49.00

CPU-�-P P•rt t•l c•rd Cparta ••r�ed •• not incl. I 5229.00 I lncludu I:P.OM Monator
)
CPU-S-f Full card with o11 porto ohown Ctully oooe•blodl SH9.00 • and IIS vac Power Pak.
c•osS-ASStMIIL£RS tor fLtl C(c) TSCI ,809 oyote• SISO.OO

SOFT"-NA.RE HA.RD"-JA.RE
VDISK Treat octondod aoaorr a• &
oupo r fact diet drl•e NEV MEMORY PRICES TO INTRODUCE VDISK
680t aourco ' object 114f.OO S-R/R without aeaory chlpa 1110.00
680t obJect tf.OO w i th IK NMOS.2MHZ 116t.OO
with 16K NMOS.2MHZ lltt. oo
OUTSIDE HODEK PROCRAH Incl. aourco with 31K NMOS.2MHZ 11tt.OO
UnlrLEX verolon tlOO.OO with 41K NMOS.1MHZ 13tt.OO
rLEX vortlon 6800 ' 610t t SO.OO Bare Card 4f. 00
HAYtS SMART MODEM t24t.OO
tatonder Carda &aooab with loQic aid
CROSS ASSEMBLERS for 6800,6101,6805 SS-SOISOC I 3S. 00
rune on 610t rLtX tiSO.oo SS-30 ' 25.00
SP-1 Prototype Boord AIT tltS.OO
TV-EDIT Sc r e en oriented Editor SP-1 Bare Card 4f.OO
tor fLEX 610t t fS.OO SS-50 Wire Vrap Board 8/C lf.OO
Please apocl fy S" or I" Diet when SS-30 V l r e Vrap Board 8/C I 20.00
placlnQ order 4102 Super CPU A/T 1235.00
4102 Super CPU 8/C t S f.OO
VIdeo RAM, 8/C 14f.OO, A/T llf5.00
CHIPS Parallel l/0, BIC 14t.OO, A/T ttlt.OO
PI•••• note wh en ordorln9 IC'a ss-so 8actplan•• 4.4.1.11.'16 poeltlon
that o 1100.00 Mlnlaua Ia In effect • 1$.00 per clot wto connector•
Ordora lo11 than the alnlaua will SS-30 I poa BP w/o connect. I 3f 00
bo ch&rQod an additional tlO.OO for Troneltlon Card t4f 00, A/T ts.oo
handI I ftQ Moloa Cold Kale 11.40, feaale I .40
4114P-3 1HHl tl3 .30 Moloa Tin Male 40, reaale 1 SO
1014P-1 1HHZ 110.50
1716 IHHZ I 6.50
1716-1 2MHZ fi6.SO
TIIOMAS INSTRUMENTATION
IUIOSE1P 115.00
61802 fiO.OO 168 EJCifTH ST REET - AVALON. N.J. 01110216091 967-HIIO
NJ RES. INCLUDE"" SALES TAX
6880f 125.00
A- J w ..... ,_ l�o • • O
ut
"B11 ' 6.so· COHT. USA INCLUDE SJ.OO SIIIPPINC,
CANADA S6.00, fOREIGN Sll.OO
HB40 fl2.00 MASTERCARD. VISA, and C.O.D. ACCU'TEO
U8S 0 ' 6.75 Send flO.OO to receive full docuaentatlon, tcheaatlca, ' eource
74L5640 I ).25 llatlnQe for all board• currently In production.

'68' Micro Journal 61

 1681 MICRO JOURNAL ADVERTISERS INDEX

'68' MICRO JOURNAL ....................... 52,55

AAA CHICAGO COMPUTER CENTER •••••••••••••••• 8,9
ACORN COMPUTER SYSTEMS •••••••••••••••••••••• 62

DUAL PIA ALFORD & ASSOCIATES • • • •••••••••••••••••••••• 49

CHICAGO COMPUTER PRODUCTS ,,57
SS-30
••••• ••••••••••••

CHIRATECH SCIENTIFIC INSTRUEMENTS 51

W/Molex
•••••••••••

B.C. COM"UTER DYNAMICS •••••••••• ••••••••••••••••• 60

Con. $24.95 COMPUTER SYSTEM ASSOCIATES •••••• • • • • • • • • • 50,55

COMPUTER SYSTEMS CENTER ••••••••••••••••••••• 56

COM"UTER SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS, INC• • • • • •••••• 47

CONCURRENT TECHNOLOGIES CORP • ••••••••••••••• 59
D.P. JOHNSON • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••• 58

DATA SYSTEMS "68" ........................... 63

11931 W. Bluemound Road
MILWAUKEE, WIS. 53226
(414) 257- 0300
DATA·COMP SOUTH EAST MEDIA SUPPLY .44,45,47,1BC
DIGITAL RESEARCH COMPUTERS •• •••••••••• • • • • • ,54
F & D ASSOCIATES ••••••••••••••• • • • • ••••••••• 60
FRANK HOGG LABORATORY, INC. ................. 5
GIMIX, INC. ............................... 3,64
GREAT PLAINS COMPUTER CO• •••••••• ••••••••••• 58
HA7ELWOOO COMPUTER SYSTEMS ••••••• • • • • • • • • • • oec
INTERFACING TECHNOLOGIES, INC • • • • • •••••••••• 63
INTROl � . ••••• ••• ••••••••••• • • • • ••••••••• 48
JPC PRODUCTS CO• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 51
LOGICAL DEVICES INC. ........................ 63
LUCIOATA Ltd• 48
• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••••••••••••

META LAS •••••••••••• • • • • • • •••••••••••••••••• 59

MICRONIX SYSTEMS �• •••••••••••••••••••••• 52
MICROWARE SYSTEMS CORP• ••••••••••••••••••• 4,20
OPTIMAL TECHNOLOGY •••••••••••••••••••••••••• 58
PALM BEACH SOFTWARE •••••• • • • • • • • • • • ••••••••• 48
PRIVAC INC. ................................. 6
ROBERTSON ELECTRONICS ••••••••••••••••••• • • • • 52
SMOKE SIGNAL BROADCASTING · · · · · · ••••••••••••• 7
SOFTWARE CONSULTANTS ••••••••••••• • • • • • • • • • • • 46
SOUTHWEST TECHNICAL PRODUCTS CORP • IFC,32,33
Basic Aid Colorcom/E
•••

SPECIALTY ELECTRONICS, INC• ••••••••••••••••• 50

"An elcellent program "Out of thousands of programs, SPECTRA SYSTEMS 59
and fine utility." this program... SUPER!''
•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

SPECTRUM PROJECTS 62
Rainbow Review-Aug . 82 80· US Review-Nov.82
• • • • • ••••••• • • • • • •••••••• • •

STAR-KITS 44
Sincle control ktr •' of A snml communiulions plckl&e.
• • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••••• ••••••• , ••••

BASIC co•••nds. Sl4.95 Dis k or Romp.ck S49.9S SYSTEMS OESIGNWARE •••• • • •••••••••••••••••••• 50
TALBOT MICROSYSTEMS ••••••••••• •••••••••••••• 60
TECHNICAL SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS, INC • ••••••••• 1

Soectrum Stick CoCo/EAD TERMINUS DESIGN, INC. ....................... 55

"More like arcade joysticks Color Computer Editor, THOMAS INSTRUMENTATION •••••••••••••••••••••• 61

than anythin
UNITEK 51
g we've yet Assembler and Debugger S6 95
••••••••••••••• , ••••••••••••••••••••••

encountered." UNIVERSAL DATA RESEARCH, INC • 46,53,57

Spectrum Paddle
•••••••••

Rainbow Review-Oct.82 WINORUSH MICRO SYSTEMS LIMITED •••••••••••••• 57

lesptase 1nd culrol put lhe tOJ For quicker side·to·side action WORD'S WORTH 47
and higher scores. s 19.95
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

�Kk in coiOf co•pulln& Sl9.95

This Index Is provided as a reader service, The

CAll NOW SEND TO publisher does not assume any liability for
212-441·2107 DEPT. C2 93-15 16TH DRIVE
omissions or errors.
FOI FAST OELIVUY WOODHAVEN. N.Y. 11421
All erders plus 12 shippl•& NY rtsiduts 1dd ules lu

62 '68' Micro Journal

 DATA SYSTEMS 68
CHECK OUT THE NEW PRICES O N THE BEST BARE BOARDS AVAI LABLE!!
(THEN T RY S O ME)

8" D OUBLE DENSITY DISK C O N RO L LER- $5 Q O_o

5 114" D OUBLE DENSITY DISK C O NT ROLLER-$50 0..9
DMA I NTE RFACE- $ 32 0_ 0
64K DYNAMIC RAM BOARD - $ 5QO_o
6809 CPU BOARD- $ 450_ o
MOTHER BOARD- $ 650_0
6845 VIDEO D I S P L AY BOARD-$450.9
6847 VIDEO GRAPHICS BOARD-$45 0_o
DUAL SERIAL 110 BOARD-$250_ 0 MULTIPLE l/0 BOARD -$4 QO_o
MODEM BOARD- $3QO_o 30&50 PI N EXTENDER BOARDS -$250_oea.

•All Board'! for the SS-50 Buss •Full Documentation Included •Add $40..9 for U.S. Shipping

•All older Masked Both Sides • Visa& Masu•r Card Accepted •Add 550_0 for Canadian Shippin1

•All Silk Screened Nomenclature

DalaS,.-"81"
2318 Dtveralfled Way
@ •Add $20..9 for C.O.D.

(305) 425-6800
@ •Add $101!9 for Ovtrst>as Shipping
Data Syatema .._,
2318 Olveralfled Way
Orlando, F1oftda 32804 o.t.ndo, F1oltda 32804

florida re idents add 5'1. sail's tax. Prices t>ffectivt> Ft>buary I. 1983

UV EPROM ERASER
r... -11[... 1 · 15 - ... -
FINALLY for 6809
$49.95·
•
• a.-. .. 7710 ...
• _., 12WI '!\coo ' • 1 '' LATEST TECHNOLOGY
• &.. II UY fi'IIOIII 1"11. fm. lSII, H.Sl, 01< t
....
.,_.
ye t AFFORDABLE
INDUSTRIAL MODEL
OUV.T8/2N REMOVABLE 5MB WINCHESTER
$68.95
WITH TIMER AND [) "ost •dv•nced Winchesttr drivt - 3.9", with
SAFETY SWITCH RE"OVABLE c•rtridqe or FliED 1edi•
0Uv.T8/2T
[) Sull sut - h•lf 1inifloppy for•
$97.50
() low po•er consu1ption - low he•t, no notsr
INTRI.IGENT [) Requires st•nd•rd 11nifloppy po•er- SY,l� only

PROGRAMMER () Intelliqent •tcroprocessor b•sed controller w1th

sophistic•ted di•qnostic functions
STAIIJ ALONE
() f•st d•t• •ccess by bufftred seek 1odt
ftS..232 () Oper•tes 11th •II existinq CPU speeds
* REIJA8LE
* EASY COPY (NO- [) Elp•nd•blt to includt 1ort driYu
---·
PIO:JRAMS 2508. 2516, 2532. 2716, 27C16. 27C32, COMPAnBLE
2732. 2732A. 2758, 8748, 8749H, 8748H U PC. TIIS-IO. APPU, Cftll, complete subsystem is available for FLEX
R.EX, 1"BC1110H1CS, MDS
OI'TIONAl MOOOLES 2564, 2764, 8755A. 8741 including software - $2395.-
��
PRICE INCI.UOES (514) 737-8787
P£RS()NAUTY MODULE

O:
SOON TO BE RELEASED
PNJMPRO-I 12M Version Slit. $489.00
nterfacing technologies inc.
LOGICAL D.VIC•S INC.
781 W. OAKLAND PARK BLVD. • FT. LAUDERDALE. FL 33311 P.O.BOI 578 Snowdon
PhoM Ordera (305) 77&5870 • Tel. • •• of 11111983 (305) 9740987
4890 Bourrtt Ave. "ontre•l Quebte, H31 3T7
TWX: 510.95S.S.96

'68' Micro Journal 63

 (ij
E
�
The GIMIX CPU Ill Card �
�

Watch this space for Systems featuring this CPU and GIMIX
Intelligent 1/0 Cards �
The Original FLEX for Color Computers
OATA.COMP ....s everyl
hlng you -10 make your TRS..OC COlor Computet WORk
• Upgrade to 64K Ia< YOU;Irom Pane- Plece1
to Full. R
To UN SYSTEMS. OATA-C
eedy Pd .. OM l
one.
' AS to FLEX, FLEX to AS hie transfer ability S
MilL MrVIc.._ - SUPPORTS Computer YSTEMS, not jul1 Sollw.,.. CALL DA A. �
COMP TODAY lo make yout Comput .. WORK FOR YOUI
• Create your own character set
.... .....,.,_"
s..-1
• Automatic recogn iion
t of Slllgle or double density and single or
doubled sided nen Soeoat <>-• v....on • (dolOr & .......- ,.. hch norm.tly ... lor $5000
eal $15000
• All features available for either single or multiple drive systems F..a.IATE(RSI A.EXII eonve..on Rout lor the RS O.SJ< Controllor
• Senable Disk Drive Seek Rates - pU<Chased With Speoat Ganenll A.EX9 Sye
.. $6995
•Faster High Resolution Video Display with 5 different formats .,._ putchaMcl w11110Ut the Ganerll A.EX9 Sys $71195
S.t ol EJ9ht &•K RAM Chl11
a
w Mod I,.INC'IOOM S6U'
• Save AS Basic from RAM to Disk Color COtnputa r whh S. K RAM
and EXT BASIC S.C9995
Color COtnpu1er wh h IlK RA .M $28995
• Move AS Basic to RAM Color Computer with IlK RAM and EXT BASIC $38995
• Load and save function on FLEX disk SPECIAL IVITfM PACKAGtS
• 13 Support Commands 8 with Source Text
Languages Avatlable S.K RadiO ShiCk COLOR COMPUTER, Radio ShackCOLOR DISK CONTROLLER. a Olllt
Orlve Syetem, Special General Veillon of flEX9 ,
F-MATE(RS) .. and a Box or tO
Pa.scal, Fortran, RS Basic, RS Assembler, TSC Basic, TSC Assemb· Ooubte Denelty Dlakett..; 1 COMPLETE. toady to run SYSTEM on your Color TV Set
ler, Relocating Assembler. Macro Assembler, Mumps S12•t.85

DISK DRIVE PACKAGU etc

II you ara t�ed of playing ��"�"'" on yoU< TRS·80C Colof Computer 01 lind that vou Are
AS
1\andar:.ppecl by the hmllotoons or ll1e BA SIC rn try1ngto wrrteaPog
r ram thai wl hltow.,ou to
b�=�Bib�n8:�.'!'t�lldro Shack D1sk ContrOIIOf, 01sk Droves wtlh Powet Supplyand
oelually USE 1118 CoiOI Compull}l ou COMPUTER YOU ARE REAO TO
Y MOVE UP TO THE
FL!XI• ()pet nMQ Sytllttn II you want 10 have REAL PROGRAMMING POWER us1ng on
PAK •1 I Songle Soded Ooublo Oensrty Sye $499 11!1
EXI ..,.,.ly
r Pow otlu
l BuSiness BASlC PASCAls C Compolou. a lull·btown Macro Asse
mbl e< PAK •2 2 Songlo Sided Double Oens1ty S $769 95
w•th a Llbloy O
r eapoblkty ao \'()II era not contonuously relnvon""!Jihawheel Y U ARE R£ADY
PAK • 3 I DoWie Soclecl Double Oenaoty
ye
Sys $r>995
9
TO MOVE UP TO THC FLEXI ()peratrng S yse O
t m II you would lo<eto see rl Y U RCALLY
PAK •• 2 Double Soclecl Double OonSity Syt 5949 9'1
COUlD USE A COMPUTER IN Y OU lJ I
R B S NE SS 01 begin to make you. Comouter 51811
S764 95
PAYING IT SOWN WAY by clotng aomeComputer WOtk lOt tne m�loonsot smnllbu""esses PAK •5 2 Ou,. Th1nlrne Oot.tlle Soc1ec1 Oot.tlle DenSity Sys
110unc1 you 1UC11 as WordDroces""9 Pa'fo' ll Aa:ounttng Inventory etc then YOU ARE
REAOYTOMOV( U P T O TH( FLEXI ()per allngSystem liow" OATA.COMPhastheway' PARTS ANO PIECES

R.oo Shack O.Sk Coi'Crot•er $179 95

t T enc10n SotiQle
Socled Ooublt Oentrry OoSI< Orrve $24995
I Tendon OoUbla
Socled. Double Density Oosk O.rve S$19 95
t 0ume r...- Double s- eo.- aen...y $27995
� Or,.. CIOinel "'1th Pow• Suppty S8i95
DoUble DnYe c.bonet ..
l(h PowiH $upc)ly $101195
S.ngle DnYe Oosk Cable lor RS Concrole< $2485
Double DnYe O.Sk Cable lor RS Conlr- $3.f95
Mcro Tech Prods • h: LOWER CASE ROM Aclaple< $74 liS
V
Radro Shaclt BASIC erelon I 1 ROM $3495
Aec1ro s-Ea- B;osc ROM S81111S

TERM- AN External Terminal Dnver is FREE with purchase ofF-Mate

SOFTWARE PRINTERS Verbatim Diskettes.

5 Soli SeciCH OroU

� CHESS ��
Single Side Slnole O.nslly Sl 75 oo
Slnolo Sicltr Double OonOity n 75 ..
The Epson MX-80 Ooublo Side Oo111>10 Oen11ty $4 12 oo

�ct:J ��
P\a•tt� Stor-oe Bo• 1.7 00 ••
6809 $495.00 I Soft Sector l);oks
Rtqultet flEX ·· and one of tho IOitowrng CRT terminals
Now Rune On Any Type Terminal The Epson MX-100 Singlo Sllle Slng.to O.nolty $3.75 oo
SlngiO Sloe Ooubto O.noliy $4 10 oo.
Double Slcltr Double O.nslly $4 75 oe.
FealurH:
• TWo d leplay bo.rde. $725.00 Ploatle liiHory G<>a U.OO oo

Fo•e•gn Orden Add 10". Surfac..-20-. Au Mall

Four Ieveii of play.
•
• Point ac:�tng 1y11em.
MX·70 $355 00 MX-80 FT $575.00
Play white � black.
*
•

• Chlnge or aet·up bo.rde place positions.

•Foneltmove. WINCHESTER BACKUP UTIUTIES
Color Computer External
•Swep aldea The IOIIO,.•ng ubl1bes allOw the badtup of eny !l>lt
Make move and ewap aldee.
Te1 mlnal Program dtsl< system to any elzo dlokenes.
•

• Chlnge 1kltl level

• Stop and res..n game. Bv Simply rnse<l.ng O.Skeaes as requested by COPY

• Sol'vo 'Mate In 1·2·3-4' move1.
$7!1 !IS SpeQty s 0< 8 dlslt
This Ia- of lhlalrongHt CHESS �ograma running
on any microcomputer, eallmatedusc�atlng 1100
$19.95 MUl T a tatge drs.. system tW.neheSter etc 1 may oe
OOWntOaded 10 your �esent tloppy disk system tny
* .,Lo No nHcl 10 fiddle with dorecto<y detetoon. Of any ol
the Other tec!rous ope<llbOn5 11\aJ must be 110nt1 USing 1
Color Computer Stylograph normal copy fOULne
• .
COPYMUL T.CMD ...-rstands normal copy synt&•
Running Under F·Mate
and .,.ays 'PeP$uP,.•Ih toes alleaclyCOCIIId by,_,_
""""'0 drreciOnes IQr boln ho$1 end rec:e<V�nQ drlk sve·
$195.00 tern thus ...,.,along hours ot tecllOUS l<eytloerd emnes
end other tome c:onsumong dl!anup chOIM

BACKUP-cMD IS a SQIICal Prog<am that ��

rlllldom type t.les. any elzo.

•
-
v�
- RESTORE·CMO a spectal progtam to restructure
coPtod ��- 14o>S tor eopy.ng or recopying back to
thtl nost system
DATA-COMP FREEUNK.CMDa bonus utrllly 111<11 re�nks lhallee

SOUTH EAST MEDIA cha•n ol a ltoppy 01 hard dos� thereby errmrnat1ng hill!"
mentalron
P.O. Box 794 HIXSON, TN 37343
"' Completely documented source files Included
1-615-842·4601 '" ALL 3 Pr01jrom• $i9_50 on 8 dl1kette

Data-Comp-South East Media & 68 Micro Journal Are Divisions of CPI

68 Micro Journal Socond Class Postage Patd
5900 Canandnt Smith AI Chattanooga, TN
Hixson, TN 37343 ISSN 0194·5025
/BlL( l ��n1a �li�M
1 ., s ne • f' • d
NQSn���� A3�JI� ·�w
r.
11v zz�ooo

THE MAINFRAME
• Industry Standard Optima1M Cabinet
• L argest Constant Voltage Power
Supply in the Industry
• S-64 Bus gives 16 Bit Power and

S-50 Bus Compatibility

• 10 Main (S-64) Slots

• 14 1/0 (S·30) Slots plus 2 On-board

• On-board Baud Rate Generator

to 38.4Kb
• Space and Power lor two sw· Disk

Drives
• Full Address Decodmg for 1/0 Slots

• Two RS-232 Serial and Two parallel

Ports On-board
• Single Board Construction for
Reliability
• Faraday
S hielded Bus Lines give
"Text Book Clean· S1gnats
THE PROCESSORS
6809
• Standard2 MHz Operation
• S tandard OAT Compatible w1th
GtMIX and SWTPC
• Standard 6840 Interval Timer

• Standard 1K Scratchpad RAM

• Standard Clock/Calendar with Battery

• Provision for Programmers Console

68000
• S tandard 8 MHz Operation
• Memory Management Har dware
• Prov1s1on lor Programmers Console
• 16 Bit Power and 8 Bit Compatibility

1M
The HELIX computer system represents the latest advance m S-50
bus computer systems. Relying on the physical nature of S-50 bus
connectors to guarantee compatibility, the HELIX adds 14 bus lines
(becoming S-64) to allow a 68000 processor to operate with full 16 bit
data transfer and 24 bit addressing, while at the same time providing
full interchangabllity with existing S-50 components.
Offered with a selection of processors, memories. and peripheral con­
trollers. a HELIX system can be configured for applications ranging
from advanced hobbyist to multitermmal time-sharing
Designed to offer the utmost in speed. reliability. and utility at a
reasonable price, it represents a new standard of quality for those
who require a professionally designed computer for professional use.

THE POWER SUPPLY THE MEMORIES THE PRICES

• Ferro-resonant Transformer lor Line Noise OM-64 Because of the vanety of configurations
and Under-Voltage Protection • Field Proven POSSible. lull pricmg cannot be g1ven Re!r
resentative prices are
·
• Conservative 25 Amps at a 5 Volts • Propnetary Memory Control Logic

• Conservative 5 Amps at :!:16 Volts • Fully Transparent Refresh

• Conservative Component Ratmg for • Tested at2 5 MHz Operation • 64K 6809 HELIX. $1995
Reliability DM-512
THE COMPONENTS • 512K Bytes on a Single S·64 Board • 64K 68000 HELIX . . . . .. . $2595
• Fully Socketed • t6 Bit Power and 8 Bit Compatibility

• Gold Plated Bus Connectors • Runs In Existing 5·50 Systems where • 512K 6809 HELIX.. . .. $4450
• Only ··a" Series 68XX Components Used Physical Space Allows
• Full24 Bit Addressing
• Only Top Grade Log1c C�rcults Used 512K 68000 HELIX . . $4995
• Industrial Grade Components Throughout
• . . . .
• Fully Transparent Refresh

HAZELWOOD COMPUTER SYSTEMS

907 E. Terra, O'Fallon, Missouri 63366 (314) 281-1055
Dealer and OEM lnQuines lnv1ted We support our Dealers