Professional Documents
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• Book 1C
• Topic 3 Metals
Content
11.1 Comparing the reactivity of metals
Content
11.8 An explanation for the metal reactivity series
11.9 Displacement reactions
11.10Ionic equations
11.11 Relation between the extraction method for
a metal and its reactivity
11.12Prediction of reactions using the reactivity
series
Key terms
Summary
Unit Exercise
Jing Kung Educational Press All Rights Reserved
Unit 11 Reactivity of metals 4
Mg(s) + HCl(aq)
readily
moderately
Zn(s) + HCl(aq)
slowly
b) Sodium reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide solution and hydrogen
gas.
c) Iron reacts with steam to form iron(II,III) oxide and hydrogen gas.
d) Zinc reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride solution and
hydrogen gas.
w In these reactions, the most reactive metal is the one that has
the highest tendency to lose the outermost shell electron(s) to
form a positive ion.
During a reaction,
w Na atom loses 1e- ; w Mg atom loses 2e- ;
w losing 1e- is easier; w losing 2e- is less easy;
(as less energy is required)
w hence sodium is more reactive than magnesium.
Thermit reactions:
- used industrially for welding;
- used for extraction of metals
from their oxides.
Summary (p.57)
1 Metals can be arranged in order of their reactivity. The
list is called the reactivity series.
Summary (p.57)
2 The following table summarises the reactions of metals in
the reactivity series.
Summary (p.57)
3 Balanced chemical equations for reactions of some
common metals with oxygen of air:
Summary (p.57)
Summary (p.57)
5 Balanced equations for reactions of some common metals
with dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute sulphuric acid:
Summary (p.57)
For example:
Summary (p.57)
Summary (p.57)
A Y>Z>X
B X>Y>Z
C Y>X>Z
D Z>Y>X
(HKDSE, Paper 1A, 2018, 9)
A Copper
B Gold
C Iron
D Magnesium
Which of the following shows the increasing order of reactivity of the metals?
A iron < chromium < manganese
B iron < manganese < chromium
C manganese < chromium < iron
D manganese < iron < chromium
Which of the following shows the decreasing order of reactivity of the metals?
A X>Y>Z
B X>Z>
C Y>X>Z
D Z>X>Y
Titanium reacts with acid and cannot be extracted from its ore by heating with
carbon.
Where should titanium be placed in the list?
A Below copper
B Between iron and copper
C Between magnesium and zinc
D Between zinc and iron
(Cambridge IGCSE, 0620/13, Paper 1, Nov. 2016, 24)
wxyz
A 3322
B 3211
C 6222
D 6311
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
A (1) only
B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only
c) Tin was used together with copper to make bronze in around 3 000 BC,
while iron was only used later in around 1 000 BC.
iii) The reaction between zinc oxide and carbon monoxide involves
reduction.
What does ‘reduction’ mean?
ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and
dilute hydrochloric acid.
a) Complete the table to show the observations for magnesium and copper.
iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and steam.
c) For safety reasons, this experiment would NOT be carried out with
potassium. Suggest why.
A sample of iron(III) oxide and excess carbon powder were put inside the
crucible. After 20 minutes, all the oxide had changed to iron.
a) Suggest ONE way to show that a metal was formed in this experiment.
b) Explain whether carbon can be used to extract magnesium from
magnesium oxide.
c) Iron can also be extracted from iron(III) oxide by heating with aluminium.
i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
ii) Suggest why aluminium is NOT used as the reducing agent in iron
extraction.
ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction that occurs.
b) Write down the order of reactivity of the four metals from the most
reactive to the least reactive.
_ ________
least reactive ________
a) Complete the table of results from which this order was determined.
c) Explain why experiments of this type CANNOT be used to find the position
of aluminium in the reactivity series.
Put the metals in order of their reactivity. Put the least reactive metal first.
least reactive most reactive
(1)
least reactive
After a few minutes of heating, a violent reaction occurs. Tiny brown specks
and a white powdery substance remain.
a) Write the chemical equation for the reaction that occurs.