GROUP 3

Barsola, Barroquillio, Base & Buebo

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WHAT IS MDD?
Psychotic depression refers to major
depressive disorder (MDD) with features of
psychosis, a specific presentation of
depression. It involves symptoms of psychosis
during an episode of depression.

Psychosis can include:

hallucinations
delusions
psychomotor impairment
a state of stupor
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Anhedonia
- lost interest in
activities they used
to enjoy and have
decreased ability to
feel pleasure.
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Mood congruent
psychotic
symptoms

hallucinations
- content of
and delusions is consistent
with typical depressive
themes
Mood incongruent
hallucinations
- An example of mood incongruent
hallucinations during MDD would be
voices telling the person positive
things about themselves, or that they
have superpowers.

Hallucinations
person's mind is creating voices, sights,
tastes, smells, and sensations.
Example:
Voices saying demeaning things like
“you’re no good and no one likes
you!”
Commands to hurt themselves
Seeing demons or dark characters
Seeing and smelling rotting flesh on
their body
The examples above are known as
mood congruent hallucinations- they
are related to the theme of depression.
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Delusions
A delusion is a fixed, false belief that is
held with conviction. In other words,
even if everyone else knows the belief is
not true, the patient is convinced of it.
Example: The patient is not sure if they are
alive or dead. This is called a
The patient to begins believing they nihilistic delusion.
are a “black angel” and friends and They feel they are such a bad
family must keep their distance, or person that they deserve
they’ll contaminate them, and they’ll punishment and are sure people are
die. Such a delusion is likely rooted following them to ambush them at
in intense guilt of being burdensome the right time; a sort of paranoia.
to others and negative feelings They feel they are an awful husband
towards themselves to the point or wife, and therefore believe their
they feel evil. spouse must therefore cheating on
them.
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Psychosis
- is a combination of symptoms resulting in an
impaired relationship with reality. It can be a
symptom of serious mental health disorders.
People who are experiencing psychosis may have
either hallucinations or delusions.
Recognizing the symptoms of psychosis
According to the National Institute for Mental
Health (NIMH)Trusted Source, there are warning
signs that may appear before psychosis develops.
These can include:
a sudden drop in school work or job
performance
trouble thinking clearly
difficulty concentrating
feeling paranoid or suspicious of others
withdrawing from friends and loved ones
an influx of strange, new feelings, or no feeling
at all
a disinterest in personal grooming
difficulty separating reality from non-reality
trouble communicating
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Somatic Delusion
- A somatic delusion is a false belief that a
person's internal or external bodily functions are
abnormal. This belief may also extend to viewing
one's physical appearance as very irregular.
Conditions That May Involve Somatic Delusions
Somatic delusions are a common feature of
psychotic conditions. These delusions may also
manifest in persons living with mental health
conditions such as:
Schizophrenia
Major depression
Delirium
Neurocognitive disorders such as dementia
Bipolar disorder
Schizophreniform disorder (a psychotic illness
similar to schizophrenia which lasts for less
than 6 months)
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Vegetative symptoms They include:

Vegetative symptoms of depression are
disorders of basic biological functions seen in
individuals with depression.
Loss of appetite and weight loss
Change in bowel habits – Depression is
associated with constipation
Change in sleep pattern (insomnia) –
Individuals complain of difficulty in falling
asleep and waking up early in the morning

To be considered as a vegetative symptom of

depression, they should not be attributable to
any other physical / mental disorder
It is very important to rule out other causes as
these vegetative symptoms may be an
indicator of serious medical or surgical illness
Thank You
 Reference:
Carey, Elea. “Psychosis.” Healthline, Healthline Media, 2018,
www.healthline.com/health/psychosis#symptoms.
“Psychotic Depression: What Is It, Symptoms, Causes, and More.” Healthline, 21 Dec. 2021,
www.healthline.com/health/depression/psychotic-depression#What-is-psychotic-depression?.
“Vegetative Symptoms of Depression «PG Blazer.” PG Blazer, 24 Aug. 2014, pgblazer.com/vegetative-
symptoms-depression/. Accessed 1 Mar. 2022.
“What Are the Symptoms of Somatic Delusions?” Verywell Mind, www.verywellmind.com/somatic-delusions-
5114430#:~:text=A%20somatic%20delusion%20is%20a.