VOCABULARY FOCUS 2

Affect v) --- have an influence or impression on

The change in taxation will affect some business enterprises

Maintain (v) --- keep up; retain; continue

Government subsidy is important in order to maintain prices of basic

commodities

Simultaneously (adv) --- happening or done at the same time as

The oil glut and world-wide inflation occurred simultaneously

Interference (n) --- the act of braking in upon (of events, circumstances, etc.)

The lecture was brief because of the students’ interference; they continuously
asked the lecturer questions

Attitude (n) --- way of feeling, thinking or behavior

There has been a favourable change in the attitude of the people; they no longer
look down upon manual work

Underscore (v) --- underline; emphasize

Some people underscore the importance of saving a fraction of their income

Viable (adj) --- capable of developing; without outside help; able to exist

Giant corporations are viable since they possess sufficient private capital

Diversified (adj) --- giving variety to

The farmers’ agricultural products are sufficiently diversified; they grow corn, rice,
soy beans and cassava

Access (n) --- opportunity or means of reaching, using or approaching

Students have access to various books in the library

Know-how (n) --- knowledge; techniques; expertise

The Japanese experts have the technological know-how to produce computers

Correspond (v) --- be in harmony with

The unanticipated result of the policy, strategy enough, corresponds with the
objective of the program

Essential (adj) --- necessary; indispensable

Government regulations are essential to regulate business activities in order to

prevent the fraudulent acts of some entrepreneurs

Encourage (v) --- give courage or hope; support; induce

The streamlining of the bureaucratic procedures encourages people to

participate in the private sector

Expansion (n) --- the act or condition of making or becoming larger

The expansion of the small-scale credit system is helping the rural economy a
great deal

Induce (v) --- encourage; support

The farmers are induced to plant cash crops such as corn and rice

Region (n) --- are or division with or without definite boundaries

The remote region is not accessible by jeep since the roads are narrow and
winding

Implements (n) --- tools or instruments for working with

The factory produces farm implements such as hoes and rakes

Insufficient (adj) --- inadequate; not enough

Ali could not write the paper since data on the subject were insufficient

Exploit (v) --- use; work or develop (e.g. mines, water power and other resources of a
country

The waterfall at Si Gura Gura is being exploited to produce electricity

Initial (adj) --- of or at the beginning

The workers are now at the initial stage of constructing the free-way

Reluctant (adj) --- (slow to act) because unwilling or disinclined

Some people are reluctant to accept new ideas since they like to follow customs

Realize (v) --- change/convert a hope or plan into a fact

Some development programs cannot be realized due to a lack of funds

Broaden (v) --- enlarger; make or become broader

Experience will broaden people’s perception on a particular problem

Diversion (n) --- diverting; the act of turning something aside or giving it a different
direction

The government encourages the diversion of exports from oil to non-fuel

commodities such as handicraft and textiles

Establish (v) --- set up; put on a firm foundation

Cooperatives have been established to support the rural economy

Sustain (v) --- keep from falling or sinking

Indonesian artisans are trying to improve the quality of artifacts in order to

sustain the country’s exports