South Korea China Japan

SUBMITTED BY:

INTERNATIONAL ASTHA SRIVASTAVA

AISHWARYA RAMANATHAN
KORAPATI DHARAHAS

TRADE PROJECT NISHA PRABHA RAM

SHANTANU VERMA
SUMIT CHOUDHARY
THE GDP OF CHINA
• THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
(GDP) IN CHINA WAS WORTH 12237.70
BILLION US DOLLARS IN 2017.
• THE GDP VALUE OF CHINA
REPRESENTS 19.74 PERCENT OF THE
WORLD ECONOMY.
• GDP IN CHINA AVERAGED 1970.49
USD BILLION FROM 1960 UNTIL 2017,
REACHING AN ALL TIME HIGH OF
12237.70 USD BILLION IN 2017 AND A
RECORD LOW OF 47.21 USD BILLION
IN 1962.
GDP COMPOSITION OF CHINA
THIS STATISTIC SHOWS THE
DISTRIBUTION OF THE GROSS
DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)
ACROSS ECONOMIC SECTORS IN
CHINA FROM 2006 TO 2016. IN
2011, THE AGRICULTURAL
SECTOR HAD CONTRIBUTED
AROUND 9.3 PERCENT TO THE
GDP OF CHINA, WHEREAS 44.4
PERCENT OF THE ECONOMIC
VALUE ADDED HAD ORIGINATED
FROM THE INDUSTRY AND 46.4
PERCENT FROM THE SERVICE
SECTOR, RESPECTIVELY.
TRADE (% OF GDP) OF CHINA

2016: 37.034%
2014: 44.877%
2012: 48.108%
2010: 48.889%
2008: 57.453%
2006: 64.479%
 TRADE TRENDS OF CHINA: EXPORTS

• EXPORTS FROM CHINA GREW 11.3 PERCENT FROM A YEAR EARLIER TO USD 216.7
BILLION IN JUNE 2018, BEATING FORECASTS FOR A 10 PERCENT INCREASE AND
FOLLOWING A 12.6 PERCENT GAIN IN MAY.
• UNWROUGHT ALUMINIUM AND ALUMINIUM PRODUCT EXPORTS WERE 510,000 TONNES
LAST MONTH, THEIR HIGHEST LEVEL SINCE DECEMBER 2014, UP 10.9 PERCENT FROM
460,000 TONNES A YEAR AGO AND FROM 480,000 TONNES IN MAY.
• IN ADDITION, SALES OF STEEL PRODUCTS CLIMBED 1.9 PERCENT YEAR-ON-YEAR TO
6.94 MILLION TONNES, HITTING THEIR HIGHEST SINCE JULY 2017. EXPORTS WERE UP 0.9
PERCENT FROM 6.88 MILLION TONNES IN MAY.
• EXPORTS IN CHINA AVERAGED 639.95 USD HML FROM 1983 UNTIL 2018, REACHING AN
ALL TIME HIGH OF 2317.86 USD HML IN DECEMBER OF 2017 AND A RECORD LOW OF 13
USD HML IN JANUARY OF 1984.
EXPORTS BASKET AND
PARTNERS • EXPORT GROWTH HAS BEEN A MAJOR
COMPONENT SUPPORTING CHINA'S RAPID
ECONOMIC EXPANSION. IN 2015 AND 2016,
THE EXPORTS DECLINED DUE TO WEAKER
GLOBAL DEMAND BUT IN 2017 IT HAS
BEEN BACK INTO STEADY GROWTH PATH.
CHINA MAJOR EXPORTS ARE:
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL
PRODUCTS, HIGH TECH PRODUCTS,
CLOTHING, TEXTILES, FOOTWEAR,
FURNITURE, PLASTIC PRODUCTS AND
CERAMIC, MOTORS AND GENERATORS
AND INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
• CHINA’S MAIN EXPORT PARTNERS ARE
THE UNITED STATES, HONG KONG, THE
EUROPEAN UNION OF WHICH GERMANY,
THE UK AND THE NETHERLANDS, ASEAN
COUNTRIES OF WHICH VIETNAM, JAPAN,
SOUTH KOREA AND INDIA.
 TRADE TRENDS OF CHINA: IMPORTS
• IMPORTS TO CHINA ROSE 14.1 PERCENT FROM A YEAR EARLIER TO USD 175.1 BILLION IN
JUNE 2018, MISSING FORECASTS OF A 20.8 PERCENT GROWTH, AND COMPARED WITH A 26
PERCENT RISE IN MAY.
• CHINA'S COAL IMPORTS ROSE 18 PERCENT FROM A YEAR AGO TO 25.47 MILLION TONNES
IN JUNE, AND WERE ABOVE MAY'S 22.33 MILLION TONNES, AS UTILITIES WENT ON A
BUYING SPREE TO SHORE UP ELECTRICITY GENERATION.
• PURCHASES OF UNWROUGHT COPPER IMPORTS WENT UP 14.9 PERCENT YEAR-ON-YEAR
TO 448,000 TONNES, BUT FELL 4.7 PERCENT FROM MAY'S FIGURE OF 470,000 TONNES.
• ALSO, IMPORTS OF SOYBEANS INCREASED BY 13.1 PERCENT TO 8.7 MILLION TONNES, AS
BUYERS SCOOPED UP BRAZILIAN SUPPLIES TO AVOID POTENTIALLY HIGHER COSTS ON US
SOYBEANS THAT ARE SUBJECT TO BEIJING'S TARIFFS. HOWEVER, SHIPMENTS WERE
DOWN 10.1 PERCENT FROM LAST MONTH'S 9.68 MILLION TONNES.
• IN ADDITION, ARRIVALS OF VEGETABLE OILS SURGED 35.6 PERCENT TO 529,000 TONNES,
BUT WERE DOWN 11.8 PERCENT FROM MAY. IMPORTS IN CHINA AVERAGED 540.73 USD
HML FROM 1983 UNTIL 2018, REACHING AN ALL TIME HIGH OF 1879.48 USD HML IN MAY OF
2018 AND A RECORD LOW OF 16.60 USD HML IN JULY OF 1983.
IMPORTS BASKET AND
PARTNERS • CHINA’S MAIN IMPORTS ARE
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL
PRODUCTS AND HIGH TECH
GOODS. THE COUNTRY IS ALSO
ONE OF THE BIGGEST CONSUMERS
OF COMMODITIES IN THE WORLD
WITH CRUDE OIL, IRON ORE ,
COPPER AND ALUMINIUM BEING
THE MOST IMPORTANT.
• CHINA’S MAIN IMPORT PARTNERS
ARE: THE EUROPEAN UNION OF
GERMANY, ASEAN COUNTRIES OF
WHICH MALAYSIA, SOUTH KOREA,
JAPAN, TAIWAN, UNITED STATES
AND AUSTRALIA. 
 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
• GLOBAL DEMAND DECREASED REDUCING THE EXPORTS AND INCREASING THE IMPORTS
MARGINALLY. BUT AFTER 2011, THE TRADE SURPLUS OF CHINA BEGAN GROWING AGAIN.
THIS WAS A RESULT OF SELF-SUFFICIENCY PROMOTION IN CHINA. THE PEOPLE REDUCED
IMPORTS AS THERE WAS A DEARTH IN DOMESTIC DEMAND FOR COMMODITIES.
• THE INCREASE IN THE GDP GROWTH CAN PROBABLY BE CREDITED TO THE INITIATIVES
TAKEN BY THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT, INCLUDING THE 13TH FIVE YEAR PLAN AND
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES LAUNCHED IN 2015.
• THE BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IS A SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY LAUNCHED
BY THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT IN MARCH 2015, WITH THE INTENTION OF PROMOTING
ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AMONG COUNTRIES ALONG THE BELT AND ROAD.
• IN MARCH 2016, THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS (NPC) ADOPTED THE 13TH FIVE-YEAR
PLAN. THE DOCUMENT EXPOUNDS ON THE NEED TO FULLY IMPLEMENT A DEVELOPMENT
CONCEPT BASED ON THE TENETS OF “INNOVATION, COORDINATION, GREEN GROWTH,
OPENING UP AND SHARING”. IT AIMS TO ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF DEVELOPMENT IN
ORDER TO ENSURE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A MODERATELY PROSPEROUS SOCIETY.
• IN JUNE 2018, EXPORTS (IN TERMS OF US$) INCREASED BY 11.3%, WHILE IMPORTS (IN TERMS
THE GDP OF JAPAN
• THE ECONOMY OF JAPAN IS A HIGHLY
DEVELOPED AND MARKET-ORIENTED
ECONOMY. IT IS THE THIRD-LARGEST IN
THE WORLD BY NOMINAL GDP AND THE
FOURTH-LARGEST BY PURCHASING
POWER PARITY (PPP). AND IS THE WORLD'S
SECOND LARGEST DEVELOPED ECONOMY.
• THE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP) IN
JAPAN WAS WORTH 4872.14 BILLION US
DOLLARS IN 2017. THE GDP VALUE OF
JAPAN REPRESENTS 7.86 PERCENT OF THE
WORLD ECONOMY. GDP IN JAPAN
AVERAGED 2704.95 USD BILLION FROM
1960 UNTIL 2017, REACHING AN ALL TIME
HIGH OF 6203.21 USD BILLION IN 2012 AND
A RECORD LOW OF 44.31 USD BILLION IN
1960.
GDP COMPOSITION OF JAPAN
TRADE (% OF GDP) OF JAPAN

2016: 31.267%
2014: 37.546%
2012: 30.636%
2010: 28.613%
2008: 34.399%
2006: 30.332%
 TRADE TRENDS OF JAPAN: EXPORTS
• EXPORTS FROM JAPAN ROSE BY 6.7 PERCENT YEAR-ON-YEAR TO JPY 7,052 BILLION IN
JUNE 2018, DOWN FROM AN 8.1 PERCENT RISE IN MAY AND BELOW EXPECTATIONS OF A
7.0 PERCENT GAIN.
• EXPORTS OF TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT ROSE 2.7 PERCENT AFTER A 1.7 PERCENT CLIMB
IN THE PREVIOUS MONTH, WHEREAS THOSE OF ELECTRICAL MACHINERY INCREASED
8.4 PERCENT (VS 9.9 PERCENT). AMONG MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS, EXPORTS
INCREASED TO ASIA (8.6 PERCENT VS 9.4 PERCENT), WITH SALES TO CHINA RISING 11.1
PERCENT (COMPARED TO 8.6 PERCENT IN THE PREVIOUS MONTH);
• IN CONTRAST, EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES DECLINED 0.9 PERCENT, THE FIRST
DROP IN 17 MONTHS, AMID GLOBAL TRADE TENSIONS, WITH SHIPMENTS DECREASING
FOR CARS (-12 PERCENT), SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT (-40.2
PERCENT) AND AIRCRAFT (-10.4 PERCENT).
• EXPORTS IN JAPAN AVERAGED 3313.21 JPY BILLION FROM 1963 UNTIL 2018, REACHING
AN ALL TIME HIGH OF 7681.69 JPY BILLION IN MARCH OF 2008 AND A RECORD LOW OF
105.08 JPY BILLION IN JANUARY OF 1963.
EXPORTS BASKET AND
PARTNERS • EXPORTS ACCOUNT FOR AROUND 17
PERCENT OF TOTAL GDP. IN 2017
MAIN EXPORTS WERE: TRANSPORT
EQUIPMENT (23 PERCENT OF TOTAL
EXPORTS) WITH TRANSPORT
VEHICLES ACCOUNTING FOR 15
PERCENT; MACHINERY (20 PERCENT);
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY (17.5
PERCENT); MANUFACTURED GOODS
(11 PERCENT) AND CHEMICALS (10
PERCENT). 
• JAPAN'S MAIN EXPORT PARTNERS
ARE: THE UNITED STATES (19
PERCENT), CHINA (18 PERCENT),
SOUTH KOREA (7 PERCENT) AND
TAIWAN (6 PERCENT).
 TRADE TRENDS OF JAPAN: IMPORTS
• IMPORTS TO JAPAN GREW BY 2.5 PERCENT YEAR-ON-YEAR TO JPY 6,331 BILLION IN
JUNE 2018, DOWN FROM A 14.0 PERCENT JUMP IN MAY AND BELOW CONSENSUS OF
A 5.3 PERCENT RISE.
• PURCHASES OF TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT ROSE ONLY 5.0 PERCENT AFTER A 36.4
PERCENT SURGE IN THE PREVIOUS MONTH, WHEREAS THOSE OF FOODSTUFF
REMAINED UNCHANGED.
• MEANTIME, IMPORTS OF MACHINERY DECLINED 4.1 PERCENT AFTER A 10.6
PERCENT JUMP IN THE PREVIOUS MONTH. AMONG MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS,
INBOUND SHIPMENTS INCREASED FROM ASIA ONLY 1.6 PERCENT (VS 9.4 PERCENT).
• AS IMPORTS FROM CHINA DECLINED 0.6 PERCENT AFTER AN 8.6 PERCENT CLIMB IN
THE PREVIOUS MONTH. IMPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES ALSO DECLINED 2.1
PERCENT (VS +19.9 PERCENT). IMPORTS IN JAPAN AVERAGED 2948.03 JPY BILLION
FROM 1963 UNTIL 2018, REACHING AN ALL TIME HIGH OF 8047.03 JPY BILLION IN
JANUARY OF 2014 AND A RECORD LOW OF 162.06 JPY BILLION IN JANUARY OF 1963.
IMPORTS BASKET AND
PARTNERS • JAPAN MAIN IMPORTS ARE: MINERAL
FUELS (21 PERCENT OF TOTAL
IMPORTS) WITH PETROLEUM
ACCOUNTING FOR 10 PERCENT,
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY (16
PERCENT), MACHINERY (10 PERCENT),
FOOD (9 PERCENT), MANUFACTURED
GOODS (9 PERCENT), CHEMICALS (8
PERCENT) AND RAW MATERIALS (6
PERCENT).
• JAPAN'S MAIN IMPORT PARTNERS ARE
CHINA (25 PERCENT), THE UNITED
STATES (10 PERCENT), AUSTRALIA (5.4
PERCENT), SOUTH KOREA (4 PERCENT),
SAUDI ARABIA (3.9 PERCENT), UNITED
ARAB EMIRATES (3.6 PERCENT) AND
QATAR (3.6 PERCENT).
 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
• JAPAN LOOKS TO EXTERNAL FACTORS, AS IT ENGAGES THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY
ON TRADE-RELATED MATTERS. AS THE UNITED STATES INTRODUCES MEASURES TO BOOST
ITS ECONOMY, ADDRESS TRADE IMBALANCES, AND RAISE INTEREST RATES, ECONOMISTS
PREDICT THE YEN IS LIKELY TO REMAIN WEAK IN THE NEAR TERM, FURTHER BOLSTERING
JAPANESE EXPORTS. DESPITE FIVE CONSECUTIVE QUARTERS OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AT
THE START OF 2017— THE LONGEST STRETCH OF GROWTH IN MORE THAN A DECADE—
CONSISTENT AND SUSTAINED GROWTH HAS NOT BEEN ACHIEVED AS JAPAN CONTINUES TO
STRUGGLE WITH LARGE GOVERNMENT DEBT AND STAGNATION.
• IN JULY 2017, JAPAN AND THE EUROPEAN UNION REACHED AGREEMENT ON A BROAD FREE
TRADE AGREEMENT, OR ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT (EPA), TAKING A STEP
CLOSER TO AN ECONOMIC BLOC THAT WOULD ACCOUNT FOR NEARLY A THIRD OF ALL
GLOBAL TRADE. THE RESULT IS EXPECTED TO REMOVE TARIFFS ON MORE THAN 95% OF
GOODS TRADED BETWEEN JAPAN AND THE EU MEMBER STATES.
THE GDP OF SOUTH KOREA
• THE GROSS DOMESTIC
PRODUCT (GDP) IN SOUTH
KOREA WAS WORTH 1530.75
BILLION US DOLLARS IN 2017.
THE GDP VALUE OF SOUTH
KOREA REPRESENTS 2.47
PERCENT OF THE WORLD
ECONOMY.
• GDP IN SOUTH KOREA
AVERAGED 423 USD BILLION
FROM 1960 UNTIL 2017,
REACHING AN ALL TIME HIGH
OF 1530.75 USD BILLION IN
2017 AND A RECORD LOW OF
2.42 USD BILLION IN 1961.
GDP COMPOSITION OF SOUTH KOREA
TRADE (% OF GDP) OF SOUTH KOREA

2016: 77.713%
2014: 95.296%
2012: 109.886%
2010: 95.654%
2008: 99.934%
2006: 73.551%
TRADE TRENDS OF SOUTH KOREA: EXPORTS
• EXPORTS FROM SOUTH KOREA
EDGED DOWN BY 0.1 PERCENT
FROM A YEAR EARLIER TO USD 51.22
BILLION IN JUNE 2018, DUE TO HIGH
BASE EFFECTS AND SHORTER
WORKING DAYS, MISSING MARKET
CONSENSUS OF A 0.4 PERCENT
GROWTH AND AFTER A 13.2
PERCENT GAIN IN THE PRIOR
MONTH.
• EXPORTS IN SOUTH KOREA
AVERAGED 13915.23 USD MILLION
FROM 1966 UNTIL 2018, REACHING
AN ALL TIME HIGH OF 55115.24 USD
MILLION IN SEPTEMBER OF 2017
AND A RECORD LOW OF 14.75 USD
MILLION IN JANUARY OF 1966.
EXPORTS BASKET AND
PARTNERS • SOUTH KOREA HAS AN EXPORT ORIENTED
ECONOMY AND ITS EXPORTS ACCOUNTS FOR MORE
THAN 50% OF GDP. THE COUNTRY EXPORTS MAINLY
MACHINERY AND TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT (59
PERCENT OF TOTAL EXPORTS) SUCH AS:
ELECTRICAL MACHINERY, APPARATUS, APPLIANCES
AND ELECTRICAL PARTS (18 PERCENT); ROAD
VEHICLES (13 PERCENT); TELECOMMUNICATIONS,
SOUND RECORDING; REPRODUCING APPARATUS
AND EQUIPMENT (8 PERCENT).
• OTHER EXPORTS INCLUDE: PETROLEUM,
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS, RELATED MATERIALS (6
PERCENT); IRON, STEEL (4 PERCENT) AND PLASTICS
(4 PERCENT).
• MAJOR EXPORT PARTNERS ARE CHINA (26 PERCENT
OF TOTAL EXPORTS), THE UNITED STATES (13
PERCENT) HONG KONG (6 PERCENT), VIETNAM,
JAPAN (5 PERCENT EACH) AND SINGAPORE (3
PERCENT). OTHERS INCLUDE: INDIA, TAIWAN,
MEXICO, AUSTRALIA, SAUDI ARABIA AND
PHILIPPINES. 
TRADE TRENDS OF SOUTH KOREA: IMPORTS
• IMPORTS TO SOUTH KOREA
INCREASED BY 10.7 PERCENT YEAR-
ON-YEAR TO USD 44.9 BILLION IN
JUNE OF 2018, FOLLOWING A 12.7
PERCENT RISE IN THE PREVIOUS
MONTH WHILE MARKETS EXPECTED
A 11.4 PERCENT GROWTH.
• IMPORTS IN SOUTH KOREA
AVERAGED 12910.09 USD MILLION
FROM 1966 UNTIL 2018, REACHING
AN ALL TIME HIGH OF 45873.33 USD
MILLION IN APRIL OF 2014 AND A
RECORD LOW OF 38.61 USD MILLION
IN JANUARY OF 1966.
IMPORTS BASKET AND
PARTNERS
• SOUTH KOREA IMPORTS MAINLY
PETROLEUM, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS,
RELATED MATERIALS (16 PERCENT OF
TOTAL IMPORTS), ELECTRICAL
MACHINERY, APPARATUS, APPLIANCES AND
ELECTRICAL PARTS THEREOF (13 PERCENT)
AND FOOD, LIVE ANIMALS (5 PERCENT)
AND NATURAL GAS (5 PERCENT).
• OTHER IMPORTS INCLUDE METALLIFEROUS
ORES, METAL SCRAP, IRON, STEEL,
INDUSTRIAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT.
• MAIN IMPORT PARTNERS ARE CHINA (21
PERCENT OF TOTAL IMPORTS), JAPAN (11
PERCENT), THE UNITED STATES (10
PERCENT) AND GERMANY (5 PERCENT).
OTHERS INCLUDE: SAUDI ARABIA, TAIWAN,
QATAR, AUSTRALIA (4 PERCENT EACH) AND
RUSSIA (3 PERCENT). 
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
• THE INCREASE IN EXPORTS
OF TECH PRODUCTS IN THE
YEAR 2017.
• STRUCTURAL
TRANSFORMATION TO
POLICY REFORMS, MORE
EXPORT ORIENTED POLICIES.
• SOUTH KOREA SPENT THE
LARGEST SHARE OF ITS GDP
TO RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT(R&D)
PROJECTS, IT WAS EVEN
LARGER THAN U.S AND
JAPAN. THE R&D INTENSITY
GREW 88.5% FROM 1996 TO
2015 I.E. FROM 2.24% IN 1996
THANK YOU!!!