A RT O F P OE T R Y

T HE I
P O E T CA L T R E A T S ES O F I

fl O R A C E ,
VIDA ,
A ND BO ILEA U

W IT H T HE T R A NSLA T I O NS BY

HO W E S , P IT T , A ND SO A M E

I
ED T ED

WI T H I N T R OD U C T I ON A ND NO T E S
« x »

X
.

ALB E R T s; CO O K
P x o nss o n o ur T HE Encu s n LA NG UA G E A ND e au rv x
'
n
m Y A LE U m vnas rrv

B O S T O N, U S A
. . .

PUBL I SH E D BY G I NN C O M P AN Y
1 89 2
13 1 39

P R E F A CE .

A CO LLE CT IO N in som ere

sp e
c ts si m ilar t o t h i s w as m adeby

t h eAbb é Batt u ex in 1 7 7 1 and publish e

,
d at Paris in two vol
um e s Be . sid e s Horac e Vid a and Boile
, ,
au i t c on tain e
,
d Aris
t o tl es Po e t i c s an d was e nti t l ed Le s Qu at reP o e t i qu e T he
’
, s .

t rans l at ions w e reby Batt e u x an d in F re

,
nc h pros e T h eno t e
. s
are p art ly ori gin al an d pa rt ly s e le ct e d ; so m e are in Latin ,

so m ein Fre n c h ; and t h e y areof all d e gre e s of h e lp f uln ess .

Bat t e u x s c olle c t ion is n

’
o w virt u ally in acc e ssible and w e, ,rei t
co mm o n w ou ld n ,
o t app e al s t rongly t o t h e E n glish spe -
aking

st ud e nt .Consid e ring th e hist ori c i m portan c e and int rinsi c

valu eof t h e s et re at is e s th e
,
res e eme d th e ,
n a su f ficie
,
nt re ason

f o r joining t h e m ane w . T h ee xc lusion o f Aris to t l eh as be en

di c t at e d by th ei m possibilit y of su f fi cie ntl y illu s trat ing his tre a

t is ew i t hin th en e ce ssary lim i t s of sp ac e and by t h ef ac t th at

,

t h e Lat in t radi t ion ad m i t s o f c l e are r exposit ion w h e n se gre

gat e d from th ec hi e f sour c eo f H e ll eni c t h e ory .

For th et e xt o f Horac eI h avere li e d ch i e fly upon Wi ck h arn ,

t hough I h av ee o l l at ed O re l l i s t hird e di t ion and h av eh e re

’
,

an d th e readop t e d a re a ding of his T h ean aly ti c al su mm a

.

rie s in t h eno te s arealso by W i c kh a m T h eno te . s t o this p art

in c lude as w ill b es e
, e n th ec hi e
, f p araphras e s by Pop eand
Byron of p assage s from th e Ars Po e t i c a as c on ta in e
,
d te
sp e ct i v el y in t h e E ssay on Cri t i c ism an d t h e Hint s from
vi PR E FA CE .

H ora c e . Th e
enot only various re
y nde rings b u t areo f te
ar n ,

int e tati v eof t h et e

rpre x t and servet o il lu st rat et h ec onti nuity ,

of Horat ian i nflu encei nt h eE nglish v e

rseof th elas t tw o ce n
tut i e
s . T h ew hol eof t h eHorat ia n p art — te
xt ,
t ranslation , and
not e
s — e
h as b en re
ad in proo f by m y f ri e
nd a nd c ol le ague ,

P rofessor E dw ard P . Morris ,

a re
nd m ay th e f oreb eassu m e
d
to h av e p asse
d t h e sc ru t iny o f a much more c onsiderable
e rt in t h e
xp e rs t h an I
sematt e ca n in reason e
, ver hop et o ,

be c ome .

For t h et e
xt of Vid a I h av eh ad before m e fou r e
dit ions !

c ond e
Trist ram s s e di t ion ( O x ford
’
,
th eLo ndon e
di tion
of 1 7 32 Pop es Se lec ta P o e
,
m ata
’
I tal oru n ( London
r ,

and Bat t e
u x eP o e
’
s Le
t i qu e
s s ( Paris Qu atr For t h e ,

lo an of t h el att e r t o t h eY ale Library I am ind ebt e d to t h e

Librarian of t h e Bost on A th e na u rn Th e se te xt s are su b .

s ta nti al l y t h e s am e t h e only i m po rta n t v ari an t t h at I h av e

,

no t e d be ing in Bk 2 l 9 7 w h e reth efi rst and t hird m e

.
,
. n ,

t i one d h av eat an d th eo t h e rs o u t I nw ords li kel a cry ma and

,
.

s z m al a cm m t h efi rst an d third h av ed z th e o t h e rs 5 Uni m

'

.
, ,

portant di f f e renc e s areT i bu r Batt e u x s b u r al l t h e o t h ers ; , , ,

cwm e d 1 7 2 3 m m al l t h eo th e
,
.
,
rs e tc T h et ransl at ion h as
, , .

be en t ak e n from Sc o tt s edit ion o f Dryd e n Vol xv pp 2 30’

,
. . .

2 6 5 on,
eor t wo obvious errors h aving be en c orre ct ed T he .

no tes aredrawn from no onesourc e t hough m u c h assis tan c e ,

h as b e e n de rived from th ee di ti on of 1 7 2 3 .

Abou t th e t e xt of Boileau t h e re is virtu all y no qu e stion .

Ch alm e rs E nglish Poe

’
t s h a s f u rnish e d th etranslation T h e .

c hi ef singlesourc e o f i n f orm ation f or t h en otes was fou nd in

th eAms t e rdam e di t ion of 1 7 1 8 .
 P R E FA CE .
v ii

T h epun ctu e
at x ts and transl ati ons h as been freely
ion of t

c h ange d in t h ein t e rest o f pe rspi cui ty and th eort hography of

,

t h eE ngl ish v e rsions h as b e en brough t t o a c ommon and mod

e rns tandard .

I nc on clusion I v e nt uret o hop eth at th epr e

,
se nt c om pil ation
m ay do so m e t hing t o promo t e a sound e r knowledge of po e tic

pro ce ss e
s and th e ory as mu c h by in c i te
,
me nt t o ind e pe nd e nt
t hough t as by t h ei m positi on o f au t hori tat i v ec anons Nay .
,

unl e ss it in c i t et o ind e pe nde nt t hough t h ow can any c anon ,

i m pos eits el f on a f re eand ac ti v einte llige n c e?

A LBE R T S
. CO O K .

Y A LE U NI V E R SI T Y ,

Ju ly 4 , 1 89 2 .
 CO NT E NT S .

I Nrnonu cnon
'

I LLU ST RA T IV E CO M M E NT S

Hor ac e

Boile au
T h eT r ans l atio ns and T r ans l at o rs

HO R A CE ’
S A RT OF P O ET R Y
 I NT R O D U CT I O N
.

THE R E canb eno doub t t h at af te r Rom an au thors h ad b e en

s c hool e d by Gre c i an art t h e y f orf e
,
i te d in large m e as ure so

m u c h of ins tin c ti vesubli m i t y as w as t h e irs by birt hrigh t Had .

it e ve r been at t h e ir c omm and an d su c h w ri te rs as Lu c r e t ius ,

nay e,
ve n C atu llus sho w t h at th eassu m p tion is no t anidl eone
,

— th e‘la rgeu t teranc eo f th eearly gods was gone wi t h t h e

c oming o f th e f ore ign O ly m pians and o f all t h at th elat t e r
re pre se nte d He . nc e f orth s av ef or t h ef rigid mou things o f i m
,

p erf e c tly n atu rali z e d Sp aniards th eideal of th epo e

, t wa s grac e ,

m od e rat ion finew ork m anship

,
.

Bu t n ot on ly did th e Rom ans los ew i t h t h e ir poli t i cal and

li t era ry inde pe nde n cea largesh areo f th e ir anc i e nt e arn e stne ss
an d fe rvor b u t t h e
,
y failed to ac quireso m eo f t h emos t im por
ta n t qu al i t i es in w hi c h t h e ir Gre e k m a s te rs ex celled I t would .

b et o o m u c h t o say t h at th e y we rec h e ate d or t h at t h e

,
y che at e d
the m se lv es in t h e
,
ir appropriation of H ellenic spoils b u t i t ,

ca nno t b egainsa id th at in th e ,
ir qu e s t f or b e au t y proport ion
, ,

an d deli c ac y in s tyl ean d c o m posi tion t h e y o m i tt e

,
d ce rt ain o f
t h ew e igh ti e r m at t e rs w hi c h t h e y m igh t h av e found in t h e ir
models th esim pli c ity rapidi ty and sus tain e
, , ,
d nobleness o f th e
Gre eke pi c th eopulen c e e
, lev ation st re
,
ngth and sw i f tn e
, ,
ss of
t h eGre e k t riu m ph al ode .

In a ce rtain s e ns e t h e ,
n th e Helleni c dis c iplin emad eth e
,

Rom ans u nHe l leni c Nor is th ee

-
. xplanation f ar t o s e ek T he .

i mi tableand comp ass able quali ti e s o f a w ork o f art arealways

xi
xi i I NT R O DU CT I O N .

m att e
rs de t ail rar e
of ly or ne
,
ver th evi tal and ani m at ing prin
ci pl e .He nce w h e re grande
,
u r is pr e se nt in a c o m position i t ,

springs dir e ct ly f ro m t h esoul o f t h eart ist Taking t hough t .

w ill ad d no c ubi t t o t h emoral s ta tur eo f t h et hink e r and jus t ,

as li t tl et o t h at o f his li t e rary produ ct T h el abor of th efi l e .

c on f e rs no m aj e s t y and inde e,
d w eh av es e en w orks like those ,

o f Mi c h ae l Angelo in t h eChap e l o f th e M e dici in w hi c h t h e ,

subli m e st ide ali t y is attain e d by in c o m pl e tene ss Se l f re

s t rain t .
-

m ay b et h ec ondi t ion of irre proac h abl e b e au t y b u t a c e rtai n ,

spl e ndid audac i ty is e ss ential t o th e e xpre ssion of subli m ity .

This v i e w is abund an tly co n fi rm e d by t h ewri te rs o f t h eA n gus

t an ageo f R ome Whe reis Virgil m os t i mpr e
. ssive? I s i t
not in p assage s wh e reth elines aredic tat e d by a prou d p at rio t
i s m p as sage
,
s w hi c h fl ing a sc orn f u l d e fi an ceat t h e e lder c ivil
i z ati on? I s i t n ot wh e re h e re ve r t s t o t h e an c i en t Rom an
s t rain and falls b ac k upon t hat w hi c h w as pri mi t iveand funda
,

me n tal in t h e R oman n ature th e c onsc iousne ss o f imperial

,

f unc t ion an d de s t iny ?

E x cu d e
nt alii s p i ra nt i a molli ns aera ,

Credo equ i dem v i v os d ncent d em arm orev u l t u s

, ,

O rab u n t c au s as meli u s ca e l i qu em e
, at u s

De s c ri b e nt r adio e t s u rg e nti a s i d e ra d icent

T u re g e r eimp e rio o
p p u l o s R om a ne
, memen t o ; ,

Haeti b i cr u nt art e s p a c i s q u ei np o n er emore m ,

P ar c e res nbj ectis et debell are s u perb o s

, .

Horac ewas mos t assiduous in polishing h is c o m posit io ns and ,

re com m e nds as his A rt o f Poet ry t e

, ac h es u s a si milar l a bor t o ,

oth e rs b u t h ew as well aw are t h at indus try is no subs t i tu t ef o r

,

nat ivee ndow m e n t and c on f e

ss es as m u c h in t h eSe c ond O de
,

o f t h eFourt h B ook w h e reh ec o m p are s hi m s e

,
lf wi th Pindar .

Hew h o to P i nr s h eigh t attem p ts to ri s e

da
’
,

L ike Ic a r u s w i th w ax e
, npinions t ri e s

His p ath l e ss w ay a n d f ro m th ev e
, ntu rou s th e
me
Fa ll ing s h al l leav e t o az u r eseas h is n ame .
 I NT R O D UC TI ON .
xi ii

As w he
n a ri ver sw oll e n b y s u dd e n s h ow ers
, ,

O e r i ts know n b a nks f rom so m es t e e m o n i npo u rs

’
p u t a ,

So i npro fo u nd u n ,me as u ra b l eso n g

T h ed e ep m-
o u th e
d Pi n d a r f o a m i ng p o,u rs a long , .

W ell h ed e serves Apollo s lau rele d c row n

’
,

W he th er new w ords h erol l s enr ap tu red d o

I m petu ou s th rou gh th ed i th yram b i c s trains ,

Fre ef ro m all l aws b u t w h at h i ms e

lf or da i ns;

Wh e r i nl o f ty t o nesu blime h es i ngs

th e
T h ei mm or tal go ds or god d es c end e d k i n g
-
s

W i th d eath d e se rve d w h o sm oteth eCe ntau rs d ir e,

An d qu enc h ed th efie rceCh i m aera s b reath o f fire’

.

B u t, l ike a b ee w h i c h th rou g h th eb reez y gr ove

, s

W i th fee bl e w i ng and idle m u rm u rs rov e s ,

Si ts nth ebloom and w i th u nc eas i ng toi l

o ,

From th ym es w eet b r eath i ng c u ll s h is fl o w ery spoil ,

-

So 1 we ak b ar d ro u nd T i b et s l u c id s p ri ng
’
,

Of h u m b l er s trai nl a bo rio u s verses s i ng .

And wh e re in Horac e sh all w e m e e

t w i th t h e passion t h at

bre
at h es in Sappho s i mm ort al ode ?
’

Sp e
e c h l es s I gaz e T h efl am ew i th in
.

Ru ns sw if t o e r al l m y q u i v e
ri ng s k i n;
’

My ey eb a l ls i m ; w i th diz z y d i n
sw

M y b ra i nr e el s ro u nd
An d c ol d d ro ps fal l ; a n d tr em b l in gs fr a i l
Se i z e every limb ; a nd gras sy p ale
I gro w ; a nd th e n t og e th e r fa i l
Both s i gh t an d so u nd .

Wh erein any Lat i npo et sh all

, ,
w elis t e eet he
n to t h re al rap tu re ,

t h emelodious in t o x i cat ion o f ,

t h eChorus o f Aris toph a n es in
t h eBirds ?
x iv I NT R O D UCT I O N .

as e
Ce , m y m ate
, f ro m sl u mb e
r now ;
t th esa c r e
Le d h y m n-no t e
s flow ,

W ailing w i th th y v oi c ed i vi ne ,

Lo n g w-ep t I t y s m i n,e a n d t h i n e .

So w h e
, nth y b ro w nb e a k i s t h ri l l i ng
W i th th at h ol y m u s i c t ri ll i ng
-
,

T h ro u gh th ew oodbine s l e a f y bo u nd
’

Sw ells th ep u remelodio u s so u nd
T o th eth ro neo f Z e u s ; an d th e re
P h oe b u s o f t h egolden h air
He a ri ng t,o t h i nee legi e s

W i th aw ak e ne d c h or ds r e p e
l i s

O u his i vory c l as p e-
d l yre ,

St irri n g al l th eO lym pi a n q u i r e ;
T i ll f ro m e a c h i m m or tal t o n g u e
O f th a t blesse d h eav enl y th ro ng
Pe al s th efu ll h armonio u s s ong .

Wh at th eAugus t an po e ts le a rn ed f ro m t h eGre eks t h e n was , ,

so m u c h of li t e a a a c t a —
r ry rt s anb e ugh t as canb et augh t t o
a nali e n race endowed by n aturew it h gi f ts at onc egre
, at e r t h an
an d in f e rior to thos eo f t h e ir te ac h e rs T h ev iril ef orc ew hic h
.

c onqu e red t h eworld t h e y c ou ld l e arn t o subdue in e xpre ssion ,

to m anipulat eas th een ergi es o f s team arem anipul ated through

t h ec o m pl e xi t i e
s o f c unning m ac hin ery t o e xp end upon t h e ,

c arv ing o f th ec h e rry s ton e-

s o f ve rs eor e ve n upon t h econstru c
,

t ion an d e l aboration o f ane pi c like th eE n eid Horac eis th e .

s c hool m as te r o f this doc trin eand th e recanb eno qu e

,
s t ion th at ,

in assu m ing t his f u nc tion h ere nde

,
re d aness e ntial servic et o his
pe opl e and t o th erac e
, s w ho m th e y in th e ir t u rn w e
,
r e to ,

inst ru c t in c iv ili ty T he e
. l em e nt s o f po e ti c c ri t i c is m t h e ,

high e r me c h ani c s o f v e rs e t h e n e ce
,
ssi ty of uni ty o f propor ,

t ion o f fi d e
,
l i ty t o t h eobv ious a n d un m istakabl et rai ts o f n atur e
me aning by th at hu ma n n at ure t h is is t h esubs tan c eo f

Horac es t e ac hing
’
. T h eLat in formulas o f a rt is t i c v e rs em aking -

we re i f no t fu ll y w rough t o u t at l e
, as t ske
, tc h e d or sugge s te d
 I NT R O D UCT I O N .
xv

in this so m e w h at rambling e pistl ew hic h f ro m th eti m eo f Quin

,

t i lia n s ome t hre

,
equ ar t e
-
rs o f a c e ntury lat e r h as born e th e
,

ti t l eo f th eAr t o f Po e t ry .

Horac es li ttle tr e
’
at is e is full o f winge d words M any .
’

phrase s and singleli ne s illus trat ing his c allida jun c t ura or
, ,
’

re m arkableas th ead e qu at eand al m ost in e v i tabl ee xpre ssion o f

an e nduring t hou gh t l inger in t h ememory W ho does no t
, .

know t h e seprov e rbi al c at c h words su c h as p u rpure

, us p annus ,
’

e norm a l o qu e n d i d ci e
e e e i l e b i Th e y e
j
’
u s t , s r p t t a p ac t a r

as n ails f as t e ne d by a m as t e r o f as s e m bli e s me,

an t t o sta y
whe re th e y we re fi x e d an d f u l fil l i n
, g i n t his s e ns e t h e pur
pos eof t h e ir au t hor .

T h eR e vi val o f Le arning is o f t e n t hough t of as a re turn to t h e

Gre ek Ye
. t i t w as in i t s m ain curre
,
n t and t ende n c y rat h e r a,

re ne w al o f in t e res t in th eLatin as li t e rature U pon this poin t

.

the te s ti m ony o f M ark Pat t ison I saac C as aubon pp 50 7 5I O ’

.
, , ,

5 3)2 will b e r eg a rd e d a s w eigh t y : I n t h e fi f t e e n t h c en t ury ,

‘
edu cat e d E urop e is b u t a synonym f or I taly W hat lit e . ra
t ure t h e re w as ou t sid e t h e Alps w as a deriv at iv e f rom or ,

de pe nde n t o f th eI ta lian m o ve
,
me nt T h ef ac t t h at th emov e
.

me n t originat e d in t h e Latin p e ninsula w as d e c isiv e o f t h e

c h arac t e r o f t h efi rst ageo f c lassi cal l e a rning
( 1 400

I t was a re v ival o f Lat in as opposed t o Gre

, e k li t erature I t is .

now well unde rs tood th at th efall o f Constan ti nople t hough an ,

in flu e nti al in c id e n t of t h em ovem e n t ranks f or no thing a mo ng

,

t h ec aus e s o f th eR e na issanc e What w as re

. v iv e d in I taly o f t h e
fif t e e nth c e n tury was t h e t aste o f th e s c hools o f t h e e arly

E m pire — of th es ec ond and third c en t u ry . As I taly h ad

be en t h eho m eof c lassi c al tas t ein th efirst p e riod F ran c eb e,

ca m et h ehom eo f c lassi c al l e a rning in t h es e c ond . It

n ee d ed t w o c e nturi e s m oreof sp e c 1at i v e
-. ef f o rt in E urop eb e f ore ,

philologians c ould go bac k to G ree k philosophy w i t h t h ek e y o f

i t i nt h e ir h ands . I t is only ind e e d w it hin th epre se n t ce n tu ry
t ha t l e arnin
g h as gro w n s t ron
g e nou g h t o c o p e w i t h t h e e x
p o s i
xv i I NT R O D UC TI ON .

t ion of Aris to tleand ane

,
di tion o f th eAri st o t e lic enc y c lopedi a
is st ill a vision of t h ef u tu re ”
.

By t h e middle o f t h e six te e nt h c e n tu ry t h eFre n c h we re

i m itat ing t h eA rt o f Poe t ry a n d m oret h an a qu art e
,
r of a ce n
tu ry e arli er Vida w as adap t ing Quint ilian and e xtrac ting rules
f ro m th eprac ti c eo f V irgil t h at I taly m igh t n
, o t go as tray in th e

c om posi t ion of i ts e pi c s w he th e
,
r Lat in or I talian Aristo t l e .

w as n ot wholly ignor e d b u t ne ,
i th er was h ewell und e rs tood by
t hos ew ho m t h en at ions r e c ogniz e d as th esupre m earbi t e rs o f
t a s t e T h e Augus tan ag e
. s of I t aly Fran ceand w em ay ad d
, , , ,

E ngland w e reRom an in se
,
nt i m en t and aspiration E x ce p .

t ions s e em only t o proveth e rule R onsard i m itat e . d Pi nda r

an d A n ac re on b u t M alh e
,
rbe qui c kly bl ight e d his f am e and ,

re s t raine d t h eto o im p e tu ous so a rings o f t h eG alli c Mus e No t .

t ill t h eF re nc h R o m ant ic sc hool of t h efi rs t h alf o f our c e ntu ry

t hr e w of f t h e sh ac kl e s o f th e Latin tradition w as R onsard
re h abili tate d in publi c e s te e m Shake sp e ar eat his b e
. st a Gre e,
k
in limpidit y and pre gnan cy of u tte ran ce w as too bold and ‘

irre gul ar f o r P ope and Addison T h e Gre

. ek ge niu s h ad
bre ath ed like Spring f or a f e
, ,
w lo v ely d ays o v e r We ste rn E u
rop eand t h ethi ck e
, ts w e rebe c oming aliv ew i th jubilan t voic e s ,

whe n al l t oo qui c kly m at ron Summer in t h ep e rson o f t h e

,

w orld w e -
a ry li t e
rat ureo f th e E m pire sw e p t maj e
,
st i c ally u p ,

s tru c k drough t t o th eh e a rt o f t h ey e a r hush e d t h ewild w ar

,

blings and di f f used a uniform sob e

, rn e ss and s e re ne ss o v e r
me a do w an d woodl and Pe .gasus w as p u t in t o h arn e ss and s e t ,

t o draw ing vulgar lo a ds I nsimple pros e po e

. t ry w as f orc e
,
d to
be c o m ep e de strian re gu l ar m e
, t hodi c al
, .

I t would b ean e rror t o re gard t his re st rain t and sobrie t y as

anunmi x ed e v il T h enort h e
. rn n ations h ad be c om eh abi tu ate d
t o t h esw ay o f Rom a n Chris ti ani ty an d we reno t y e
, t pr e pare d
f or th em or epri m i t i v ean d e l em enta ry forms o f th e ir f ai t h No .

more w h e , n jus t em e rg e n t f ro m t h e M iddle Ag e s and th e

mediae val c on c e p tions o f li t e ratu re w e ret h e , y fully rip ef o r t h e
 I L LU S T R A T I V E CO M M E NT S .

r . HO R A C E .

A T rE UX , Le e P ofitz qa cs
[ B Q
'

s u a tr s ,
r r

Of al l e nt po e
t h ean c i ts t h ereis none wh o is morere ad t h an

Horac e and o f al l th e p o e
,
m s o f Horac eth e reis none whic h
be tte r de serve s t o b er e ad an d pond e red wi t h c areth an h is
A rt o f Po e t ry I t is t h e c od eo f re
. ason f o r al l t h eart s i n

ge ne ral ; it is good tas t ere du c e d to prin c iple s .

No twi thstanding th epo e ,

t did n ot i nte nd t o giveu s in this
w ork a co m pl e t e t re atis eon po e try W u st n
. o t su f f er ou r

se lv es to b emisled I t is an e
. pistl e a h ead d re ss e d to
Lu c ius Piso a m ano f tas te o neo f t h efi rs t m e
, ,
ni nR o m e and ,

t o his tw o sons t h eelder o f w hom was a m angro wn p e

,
rf ec tly ,

c ap ableof doing his ow nt hinking and o f dire c ting hi ms e lf It .

w a s acc ordingly n o t a t i m et o dwell upon d e t ai l s re aso no nt h e ,

natureo f po e try dis tin guish i t s g e

,
ne r a an d sp e c ie s e x amin e ,

t h emode o f c ons t ru c ting plo t s or po e ti c ac t ions e tc Piso ,

.

an d his sons did n o t ne e d th eins tru c t ions o f Horac eupon al l

the s epoin t s w hi c h w e
,
ree ve rywh e r ee xplain e d by al l t h em as ,

te rs in all th et re
,
at is e s on po e t ry Gre ek and o th e
, rs o f whi c h ,

the r ew e ret h e n no lac k W h at was e . xp e c te d f rom Ho rac e

w as ac u t eopinions b u t n o t moreac u tet h an profound s e
,
le ct ,

ru le s t h eobs e
, rva t ions o f a g e nius th ejudg me ,
nts of a m as te r ,

i na word w h at t h emo st cu l ti vate d talen t of th emos t cul tivate d

xx I LLUST R AT IV E CO M M E NT S .

ce
ntu ry om ewould t e
of a c h if h eshould c ond e
R scend to gi ve
inst ru c t ion and w hat th e able
, s t maste
rs an d even t h eb e st ,

books did no t te
, ac h .

[ S E LLA R Ho r a cea nd , th eE l e
gz a c P
'

oet s, pp
. 1 10 —1

I nth eA rs Po e t i ca Hora c eas sum e s th e o f fi ceo f a lite rary

c ri ti c m oref ormall y t han e ithe r in th eE pis tleto A u gu s ms or
in t hat to Floru s T h e e pistolary h as de v eloped int o th e
.

didac t ic f orm or rat h e r the reis a kind of c o m pro m is eb e tw e e n

th e m Thre
. efif th s of th epoem arealmost purely did act ic ;
-

th es tyl ei nt h at p art of t h epoe m is morec o m p ac t s e n tentiou s , ,

an d imp e rsonal than in any o f t h eo th e

, r E pi stl e s ; t h eirony
an d t hec onve rsat ional m anne r o f his oth e r E pistle s arealike
a bs e n t This purely didact ic part se
. e ms to b ea r és u mé of
Gre e k c riti c is m on th edrama ult imat e ly p e rhaps bas e
,
d on, ,

t h edo c trin e s o f Aristo t le b u t acc ord i ng to Porphyrion re ally

, , ,

m adeup o f s e le c tions f ro m anAl e xandri an c rit i c Ne op tole mus ,

of Parium I t c ontains ge
. ne ral pi e cep t s a ppli c a bl e t o a l l
art is t i c c re ation p art i cularly t o po e
, try as re pre se nta t ive o f
ac t io n; an d m any t e c hni cal d ire cti ons sp e c ially appli cablet o
,

t rage dy aregi ve,

n A tte nt ion is also drawn to t h es tylesui t
.

able to t h es atyri c dram a Though mu c h o f t h eillus trat ion o f

.

this p art o f t h epo e m is probably du eto Horac eh ims e lf y e t ,

in th eg e ne ral prin c iple s w hic h h el ays do wn h ese e ms to b ea

me ree xpone nt o f th ecanons o f Gre e
k c rit i c is m How f ar .
,

be sid e s be ing an e xpone n t h eis also a t ranslat or can only b e

, ,

c onj e c ture d bu t c e ,
rtai n phras e s su c h as do mi nantia nomina
, ,
’

an d c o m munia in t h ephras e d i fli cil ee s t propri ec ommuni a

dic e re look like t ran

,
’
slations ; and th e arrang e me n t of th e
m ate ri als sugge s ts t h eno tion o f a c omposi tion b as e d on s e lec
t ions f rom a c on t i n uous w ork rath e r th an o f anorgani c whol e
,

g ro w ing o u t of a d e fi ni t e c on c e p t ion o f his subj e c t an d a d e

fi
ni tepl an of exposi tion Perh aps weshould not b ew rong in .
 I LLU ST R A T I VE COM M E NT S .
xxi

re ferring t h egene s appli cabl eto al l po e

ral prin c ipl e t ry su c h as ,

th os eon t h ep aram ount import an c eof t h ec hoi c ean d con cep

ti on o f t h esubj ec t and on th e d e, pe nde n c eo f t h e me t hod o f

t re n t on t hat c on c e
at m e p t ion

Cu i l ect a po tenter cri t re s,

Ne
ef ac u ndi a de
seret h u nc, nec l u c id u s ord o

as well as th et e c hni cal pre ce p t s on th ef unc t ions of th echorus ,

t h edi vision o f t h e pl ay in to fiv ea c t s e tc t o t h eGr e

,
.
,
e k orig
inal ; w hil eth edire c tions as to e xpre ssion w h e reh ere ve
,
rt s
again t o t h eold c on trov e rsy on th ere lati vem e ri t s o f t h ene w

an d old po e t s m ay b ere garde d as Horac es own c ont ribu tion ’

,

t o c ri t i c is m bas e
,
d on his ownprac t i c eand t hat o f th eb e st of
his c onte m po rari e s I n any cas ew eh ave in t h efi rs t p art o f
.

t h epo e m n ot ind e e d a me t hodi c al t re at is e on t h eart o f poe t ry ,

nor a p e rf e c tly planned and art i c ulat e d didac ti c poe m bu t a ,

se ri es o f sound pri nc ipl e s o n th e c on c e p tion o f a dram ati c

a c t ion t h e e
,
v olut ion o f a plo t t h ec o nsis te
, nt pre sen tation o f
c h arac t e r propri e
,
t y an d vari e t y o f s tyle r e gul ari ty and v ari e
, ty
of me t ri c al e c t w hi c h m igh t s e
ff e ,
rveas a guideto t hosew h o
we ree nd e avoring t o subs t i t u t e f o r t h e old t rag e dy o f E nniu s
an d A cc ius a m ore l e gi t im ate dram a not s e , rv il e ly following ,

b u t moren e a rly c on f or m ing t o t h egre , at models o f t h eA t t i c

s tage I f th eR om an dram a w as t o ris eto as high a d e

. gre eo f
p erf e ct ion as R o m an e pi c and lyri c po e t ry h ad at tai n e d in th e
Augustan age and t o e — n abl ei t t o attain t hat d e gre eo f p e r

fe ct i onis t h emo t i veo f t h epo e m i t c ou ld only do so on th e

sa m e c ondit ions as th os eon w hi c h e pi c and lyri c po e t ry h ad

be e n pe rf e cte d by a t horough c om pre

, he nsion o f and rigorous
ad h e re ncet o t h em e t h ods o f t h eGre e k m as te rs I nt h eE pis tl e .

{
t o Augus tu s Horac e w hil e s e
, ,
e m ing t o d e spair o f a re viv al o f
t h e ac te d dra ma on th e R om an stage and w h iledis c la iming ,

f or hi m se l f al l t hough t of dra m at i c wri ti ng ye t assign ,

s th ev e ry
h i gh e st plac ein li te raturet o t h esu cce ss f ul dra m ati st
x x ii I LLU ST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

mepe
r e
x tcntu m f nne
m mfl i i po s sevi d etn r

I rep o e t a, m eu m qu i pe cti n i nan i te

r an i
g t,
t, f als is t e
I rri tat, m u l ce rrorib u s i m pl e
t,

Ut magu s, e
t mod o m eT h e
b is , mod o p o ni t A th e
nis .

T h eocca si on o f th eyou ng Pi so f ol lowi ng or asp iring t o f o l

l ow th ef as hion se t by P ollio an d V ann s pro m p ts Hora c et o
'

em body in a t re ati s ewr i t t en pri m a rily f o r h is gu ida n c et h et e

su i ts o f h is re ading an d o f h is o w n re fle x i o n on d ra m at i c

cri ti c i s m an d h eproce e d s int h ere ma in der o f t h epo e m m ore

in h is o wn f a m il ia r so m e ,
ti m es ironi ca l s t yl e t o o f f e r a dvi c e ,

wh i c h se em s as m u c h inte nd e d t o dis su a d eh i m f ro m as t o e u

c ourageh i m in h is tas k H eglides al m ost inse

. nsi bly f ro m t h e
e arl i er to t h elatt e r pa rt o f h is su bj ect Sta rt ing f ro m a ref e
. r
e nc eto th ec are le ss w orkmansh ip o f R o m a n po ets in t he ir u s e
o f Gre e k me t res and th ec are
,
less c riti c is m o f t h eir au d ien c e s ,

h eproc e eds t o sho w in h is ownl ang u agea nd f ro m his o w nob

se rvat ion w h at goe s to t h em ak i ng o f a po e t an d w h at c o n s ti
,

t u te
s g ood a n
d b ad tas t e

U ndep arent u r o pes q u id al at f o rm etqu ep o etam

, ,

id d ece
at q u id no n qu o v ir t u s q u o f e
ra t e
rror
Q u , ,
.

I t i s i nk e
epi ng wi t h es e
al l th rio u s c on vi c tions o f his l ate r
y ears th at h eb as es al l good w ri t ing on a t ru ec ri t ic is m o f life in
it s e
thi c al r e
lat ions
ndi
Scrib e r ec tesaper ees t et p ri nc i pi u m et f o ns

and th at h erank s fi rs t s ere

in th e l atio ns t h edu t i e
s of patrio t is m
and f ri e
nd ship

Q u be
i ( l l t l l C l t pat r iaeq u i d ( l e at e
t q u id am i c is .

T h epo e should b e to c o m bin epl e

ai m asurew i th i n
’
t s s tru c

t io n A f e
. w m inor f au l t s may b ee d in a long poem y e
xc us e t ,

poe t ry i s th eo neacc o m pl ish m en t in whic h m e dioc ri t y is i n

t ol erabl e You areno t c alled u pon to b ea po e
. t h es ays t o ,
 I LLUST R AT IV E CO M M E NT S .
xxiii

Piso and you h av etoo mu c h se

,
ns e t o und e
rt ak e anyth ing
against th egrain of your n atu ral c ap ac i t y

Tu nih i l i nv ita s f aci e

di ce sv eM i nerv a .

Ye
t if you do w ri te submi t your w ork to e
, xp e nc e
ri e d c ri ti c s ,

an d ke ep i t bac k f or nineye ars bef or epublishing i t Po e

’
t ry .

in d ays of old was purely a divinegi f t I t was by t h es ac re d .

po e t t h er e
,
ve aler of t h ewil l o f t h eGods that th ee le me nts of ,
’

ci v ili z ation w e reint rodu c e

d
Si c h o nor ct no m end i v i ni s va ti b u s at qu e
Carm i ni b u s v enit .

Ne xt Ho m e r and Tyrtae us rouse d me n by t h eir ve rs et o b at

t les ; th e n orac les w ereu t te

red in ve rse; fi nal l y lyri cal po e t ry

an d t h edram a c a m eas th es ola c eo f m e n re sting f ro m t h e ir

labors G e . nius t h edivine gi f t is t hus th efirs t c ondi tion o f
, ,

poe ss ; b u t m e
t i c su cc e rege nius w i t hou t art is in e ffe,
c t iv e ,

e g o ne c s t u d i u m s i n ed i vi t ev e
na ,

c r u d eq u id p o s s i t v i d e
Ne o i ngeni u m .

Ye
t though su cc e s s in e ve ry o t her acc o mplish m e n t is sough t
by disc ipline l abor and self deni al m e
, ,
n app e
-
ar t o t hink t h a t
,

t he y canw ri tewi thou t taking any trouble I f any o nere a d his

.

po e ms t o Qu int il iu s h ef rankly point e

,
d o u t t h ef aul ts and u rge d ,

c orre c t ion of t h e m I f t h eau thor d e

. fended h i s f au l t s h e l e ft ,

h i m i nhis s e l f sa tis f act ion and took no m oreint e

-
re s t in h i m .

A nhon e s t c rit i c will pu t a m ark agains t line s t hat arelifele ss ,

h a rsh unpolish e
,
d or obs cure and will insist on t h epruning o f
,

al l u n ne ce ssary orna me nt Hewill b e . c o m eanAristarc hus a nd ,

will not f e ar gi v ing o f f e ns et o his f ri end Se nsibl em e n do not

.

like t o hav eanything to do w i t h po e t s w h o c a nno t sub m i t t o

c ri ti c ism Th e . y le t the m go t h e ir o wn c ou rs eand c o m et o

gri ef in t h e ir own way T h eb ad po e . t sc ar e s away th e edu
cat e d an d un e du c at e d alike by his p e rsec u t ion I f h edo e s .
x x iv I LLUST R AT I VE CO M M E NT S .

securea list e
ner h esti c ks to
, him li ke a le
ec h a nd bo re
s hi m
ath by his re
to d e c i tat ions
te
net occi d i tqu el e
g e
nd o

Nonm iss u ra c u t em , na
nis i pl e cru o ris , h iru do .

T h ew ork as a w hol eis h ardly t o b ej udged either as a sys te

mati c didac t i c po e m or as a f a m ilia r e
, pis tle T h eo nef o rm .

imp e rc e p tibly pas ses i n to th eo t h e r I t h as so m e . ti m es be e n

suppo se d t hat t h e w ork w as le ft u n fin i sh e d an d p u blish e d
po s th u m ously Th e
. reis no e vid e nc eto e s tablish this c onc lu
sion I npoint o f ex e
. c u t ion t h ew ork is as fi nish e d as a n y i n
Lat in l i te rature I t is th e m ature
. s t sp e ci m e n of t h at s tyl e
w hi c h Horac e us e s in s e rious dis c ussion and e xposi tion b u t ,

more compact and s e nte nt ious t h an in th e o th er li t e rary

E pist le s T h edo c t rine
. s th e m se lves and t h e ir e xpression be ar

th em ark o f h av i n g be e n long w e igh e d a nd c onsid e red T h e .

e xpre ssion o f th e m h as an au thori t at ive al m os t oracu l ar c h ar ,

ac te r T h ed if fi cu l ty in trac ing a c onn e

. c te d line o f a rgu m e nt
or oned e fin i t eai m in th epoe m m ay b eatt ribu te d rat h er t o his
lo ve of c on c ise ne ss and his pre
,
fe re nc eof a f am ili ar t o a m ore
f or m al styleof e xposi tion th an to any w ant o f c omple
,
ten ess in
working o u t his plan Horac ewas not a syst e
. mat i c reason e r
like Lu c re t ius
. I t was a prin c ipl eo f art w i t h h i m t o av oid or
m aketh emost sparing u s eof t hoseformula so la rgely us ed by ,

Lu c re tius an d af te r him by V irgil by w h ic h t h e t ra nsi tions

,

f rom o n elin eof t hough t to ano th e r arec l e a rly m ark e d He .

may h aveb e gu nt h epo e m w ith t h ein t e n t ion o f w ri t ing a sys

te mat ic didac tic po e m on t rage dy For this h efound an e
. x

ample in t h e old n at io n al li terature th e Didas c alic a of

A cc ius an d f o r so m eof his m ate rials and m e thod h em ay h av e

h ad re c ourseto an Al e xand ri an model as V irgi l h ad to m ore ,

t h an o n ein t h ec o m posit ion o f h is didac ti c po em Bu t bef ore .

c ompl e ting mor eth an h al f his t ask h efalls b a ck w i tho u t c e as ,

ing to b edidac tic into th emoref amiliar atti tudeof o neo f f e

,
r
xxvi I LLU ST R AT IV E CO M M E NT S .

of di f f use ne ss c anno t justly b efound e i th er w i th Boile au or

Pop e Bo th t h e
. s ewrite rs arec l e a r c o rre ct te rs eand to t h e , , ,

point Th e . y aree legant b u t do not sacri ficeo t h e , r qu aliti e s

to e le ga n c e T h e y bo t h. h av ea la rgesh areo f t h es e ns e a n d
judgm e nt of th eLatin w ri ter Th e y arenot w i thou t his liveli .

ne ss at any rat eth eE nglish po e ,

t is n ot Whil eHorac eow e s .

lit tleor no thing to Aristo tles Po e ti c s th etw o mod e rn au thors

’
,

o w ev e ry m u c h t o Horac e an d Boil e au in p ar t ic u l ar is a c los e

,

i m i tator As Pop es ays o f h i m Hes till in righ t o f Horac e

.
,

sways I nde
.
’
e d p art s of his A rt are almost t ranslations o f
,

Horac e and h appy on e ,

s too Boil e au like Horac e do e . s no t , ,

de ny t hat ge nius is nec e ssary f or a po e t b u t dwells m u c h on ,

t h ei m portan c eo f art Heis t h es t rong adv oc ateo f c o mm on

.

se ns eand o f th eavoidanc eo f al l e
,
x tre me s Heis qui te th e .

w ri t e r o f th eAu gus tan ageo f Fran c e and h as a re lat ion t o ,

Louis XI V not altoge th e

. r u nlike th at o f Horac eto A u gus tus .

Heh as t h es am edis tas tef o r po m pous pre te nsions in po e t ry .

H ew arns po e t s agains t fl at te re rs as s t rongly as Horac edo e s .

Healso sp e aks o f t h ev arious kinds o f po e try a n d th e ir dif ,

fe re nc e He follows his m as te
. r c losely and h appily in his
de sc rip tion o f t h ec harac te rist ic s o f t h eage s of m e n For al l .

t h at c uriously e
,
nough h egi ve s only f our line,
s t o th ee xpress
me n tion o f Horac e to w ho m h eowe ,
s so m u c h lin e s t oo w it h ,

o u t an p a rt i c ul ar poin t in t h e m V ol taire w h o s tyl e s th e

y .
,

Satire s o f Boil e au th ef ail u re o f his you th sp e aks o f his E pist l e s ,

as fi n e and of his A rt o f Po e
,
try as admirabl e T h epraise is .

de se rve d and c ome ,

s f ro m o new h o on su c h a subj e c t as th e
E pis tl e s o f Horac eis a good judge t hou gh on m any ot h e r sub ,

e on h e B ible Sh ak e sp e are an d C ald eron a ve ry b ad

j c t s ,
as t , , ,

on e Still though Boil e

.
,
au like Horac e is c l e ar n e,
at s e nsibl e , , , ,

c orre c t t hough to bo th w ri te
,
rs m ay b eapplied t h elin e

Si j
’
écri s q u at rem ots j enefl acerai trois
,
’
,

y e
t is h ew ond e
rf u lly i nf erior to t h eR om an po e
t and le
av e
s , ,
at
d ou b t i npart b y t h ewant of vari e
t y i n his st q a nd by a lack

P o pes E ssay n Crit icis m a t re at i se com p os e d i n th e

'
to o ,

sa m es ty l ean d m an ne r P o peis t h ewri te

. r o f t h eA u gu s tan

ageo f E n g l an d I n o rd. e r a n d re g u l ar i t y an d t h e co m p l e t e n e ss

o f h is pl an P o p eis su pe
,
ri o r to H o race ; so m e o f h is l in e s a r e
m o d el s o f n e atn ess o f e x pre ss i o n; s pe c ial l y i nh is illu s trati o n,

o f t h ema n ne r inw hi c h t h esou n d sh o u ld b ean e ch o to t h e

se nse h ehas w ritt e

,
n so m eo f t h emos t pe rf e ct l i n e s i n an y
p o e try h e f ee ls a nd a d ,
m i ra bly exp re sse s h i s f e e li n g t h a t t o ,

m ak ea good c rit i c t h eh e a r t s h o u ld b erigh t as well as t h e he ad

an d th at pride p re j u dice and env y areal m os t as gre

, ,
at a h i n

d ran ce t o a t ru e j u dgm e nt in l i tera tu reas dul ne s s an

,
d igno ran ce .

And y et e ve n Popes E ssa y on C ri t i c is m w i t h al l i ts me

’
,
ri ts ,

is want ing in t h evari ety t h elife t h eplay f u l n e , ,

ss t h egrac ef ul ,

ne gligenc e th ehappy e
,
as e o f t h eini m i tabl eLat in au thor
,
.

Lord Byron s H ints f ro m Horaceis an ad ap tation o f th e

’

A rt o f Po e try in t h emann e r o f Pop e o r as h ehi m se , l f c u riou sly

.

expre sses i t A n Allusion in E nglish Verse to th eE pis tle A d

,

Pisone s d e Art e Po e t i ca T h e w ork is a c o m pl e

. t e f ai l ure ,

t hough w ri tt e n by a gre at po e t i t is f or th em os t part c om m on

plac eand dull i t w ant s t h ee as e an d de lic ac y o f Horace ,

Popes epigram m at i c f e
’
lic i ty of phras eand c o m m and o f ant it h
e sis and th ec onc is eand studi e
,
d c a re f uln e ss o f w ork man shi p
c om m on t o bo t h th ee arli e r po et s For th epo e . t ic a l g e nius o f
Byron thou gh m orepowerf ul and splendid th an t h at o f Horac e
,

or Pop e is ye ,
t de fici e nt in t h e ir p e c uliar e xc e lle nci e s : and
pe rhaps t h ec ons c iousness o f t his d efici e ncy w as in a gre at

me asuret h ec aus eo f t h at e xtravagan t ad m iration o f P op ew hich

Byron f e lt t hrou ghou t his life I t is re m ark abl et h at Byron
.

hi m s el f pre fe rre d t h eHin ts f ro m Horac eto t h efirst t wo c an tos

1 Bu t i nth i s h ew as a nt i c i pat e
d by Vi d a . En .
x x v i ii I LLU ST R A T I V E CO M M E NT S .

of ChildeH arold w hic h h eh ad w ri tte, n abou t t h esam eti me

an d af t er ani n te rval o f nineye ars during w hi c h h eh ad w ri t t e ,
n
m os t o f t hosew orks w hi c h h avegi ve n hi m his f am e h esa ys , ,

alluding t o t h e s eHint s I wro t ebe tt er the , n t h annow This .

’

pre feren c ef o r t h eir inf e rior w ritings h as b e e n no t unc o m mon

w i t h po e ts so Mil ton pre fe rred his Paradis e R e gaine d to
Paradise Los t and Pe t rarc h his Latin Po e
, m s to his Sonn e ts .

No tw i ths tanding his v e ne rat ion o f Pop e Byron s e e m s to h av e ,

h ad li ttl esymp at hy w i t h Horac e an y mor e t h a n w i t h V,

irgil .

I n t h elat t er po e t h ecan o n l y se e th at h arm onious plagiary

an d mis e rablefl att e rer an d o f t h ef orm e
, r h esp e
’
aks as Horac e ,

w ho m I h at e d so 5 and h ego e s on t o sp e t h ec urs e t h at

’ ‘
ak o f
’

i t is ,

he
T o c om p r e nd b u t ne ver l ov e th y v ers e
, .

t in t h es am ep assag eh ewell
Ye de s th ec h arac t e
sc rib e rist i c o f
Horac es s tyl eo f
’
s atire( i nw ords som e w h at si m il a r to t hos eo f
Pe
rsius ) as
A w ak e
ni ng w i th ou t w ou nd i ng th et o u ch e
d he
art .

Horac ewas a Gre ek s c holar anad m ire r o f Gre ek li te

rat ure
, ,

and ye t w ec anno t acc ount h i m as o n eabl et o e n ter into t h e

spiri t o f su c h w ri t e
rs as E s ch yl u s or Sopho cl es His rul e s .

abou t po e t ry aren ss areth ey

ot appli c abl et o al l c l assi c al s t ill l e ,

prosp e c tiv e ly t o m od e
rn po e t ry e xce p t to a c e rt ain p art o f i t
, ,
.

T h ep o e e
y e i na f i nef re nz y rolling
’
ts , ,

D o th gl a nc ef ro m h e
a v e
n t o ea r t h f ro m ear th , to h e
a v en .

Wit h su c h a po e t a s t h at Horac es c ri t i c is m s h av eno r e lation

’
.
,

And e ve n t h eart i f i c ial s tyl eo f po et ry o w e s b u t li t tl et o cri ti

c is m R ac in ewo u ld n
. ot l earn m u c h f ro m t h es e nsibl ead vic e
o f Boi l e Ge nius inspire s t h epo e t n ot m e re
l
au . ly w i t h noble ,

t hough t s b u t w i t h un taugh t sh ap e
,
s t h ef or m s in w hic h sui tably ,

t o c lo th et h es ethough t s T h egood t h at c rit i c is m can do is

.

ne gat iv erath e r t han posi t iv e I t is so m e t hing to d e . r t hos e

te

1 Sai nte
-
Be
u v et h i nks oth er w i s eo nth is p oi nt . ED .
 I LLU ST R AT IV E CO HM E NT S
. .
i
xx x

who haven o ge ni u s f or wri ting poetry f ro m tr ying t o b e po e t s ,

and to warnsu ch t h at h e ave n and earth an d boo ks e l le

rs al ik e

c onde mnm e di ocrit y in poe try And if good poe ts arerare

.
,

so aregoo d c riti cs C om pos it ions su c h as th oseo f Bo ile

. au

an d Popeinw hi ch se
,
nsew i t te ne
rs e ss of e
, xp ression aref ound
, ,

e e e rac es A rt o f Po e l f f m
’

g i v pl as u r And
. Ho t ry is ful o in or a

ti ononsubj e c ts long pas t, is not unwort hy o f th eau thor o f th e

Sat ire s an d E pist les is f u ll o f kindly wi t and lively w isdo m an
,
d ,

h as f u rn i sh ed su cc eeding ages w it h many a quo tat ion applie d to

subj e ct s qui tedif f e re nt f ro m th at on w hi c h th eline was origi
nall y w ri tt e n .

2 . V I DA .

[ P O P E, E ss ay o n 69 7

Bu t e
s e
e!
a ch M u s e i nLe o s gold e n days
,
’
,

Sta rts f rom h e r t r anc eand tri ms h er w i th ered b ays ;

R om es an c i ent G eni u s o er its r u i ns s pread
’
,
’
,

Sh ak e s o f f th ed u s t an d re v er end h ead
ar s h i s r e .

The nSc u l ptu r eand h e r s i s te r arts r evi ve ,

St o nes le ap e d to f or m an d ro ck s b e
, g a n t o l i v e;
W i th s w e e te r notes each ri s i ng templ er u ng ;
A R aph ae l p ai n te d a nd a V i da su n g
I m m ortal V i da onw h os eh onor ed b row
,

T h ep o e t s b ays a n d c ri t i c s i vy grow ;
’ ’

Cr e m on a n ow s h al l e ver b o ast th y nam e ,

As n ex t i npl a c eto M a n tu a n e x t i nf am e ,!

[ D D i s cou eonSa tt r e]
'

R YD E N ,
rs .

Bu t in ane pi c poet onew h o is worthy of t h at nam e be

,
sid e s ,

anuni v e rs al ge nius is re
quire d universal l e a rning t og e th e
r wi t h ,

s and ac quisi tions w hic h I h aven am e

al l t hos equ ali t i e d abo v e ,

an d as m any m or eas I h avethrough ha s teor n e gligen c eomitte d .

xxx I L LUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

And af te
,
r all h em us t haveexac tly s t u die
, d Ho m e r a nd Virgil
as his p att erns Aris to tl eand Horac eas his guid e
,
s and Vid a ,

and Bossu as t h e ir c o m m e ntators w ith m any o th ers ( bo t h I talian

,

and Fr e isu reh e

n c h c ri ti c s ) w hi c h I wan t l e reto re c om me nd .

[ R OSCO E , Lif eof Le

o tl z eT e
nth , 2 . 1
54
-
1
5

M arc o Girolam o V ida w as a nat iv eof Cr e m ona So m edi .

ve rs i ty o f opinion h as aris e n as t o th et im eo f his birth w hic h ,

e ve n t h as gene rally be en plac e d abou t t h eye ar 1 4 7 0 w hils t ,

so m eh av ec on t e nd e d t hat i t c o u ld not haveo cc urre d until th e

ye ar 1 4 9 0 . T h e re as ons addu c e d by di f f e ren t au t hors h ave
s erv e d to ref u tet h eopinions o f th eir oppon e nt s w it hou t e s ta b
,

l is h in g t h eir ow n a n d a s V id a w as a s i t will
,
h e r ea f t er a pp e a r ,

ce r tainly born som eye a rs a f te r t h efi rs t m e ntione

-
d t i m e and ,

so m eyears b e f oret h ela t te r his nat i vi ty m ay b e plac e

,
d w i th
s u f fi ci e nt acc urac y abou t th emiddle o f th e s etw o ve ry distan t
pe riods His f am ily w as o f resp e
. c tablerank and al though his , ,

p are n ts w e renot w e al thy t h e,

y we ree nabl ed to be s to w upon
th e ir son a good edu cat ion f or w hic h purposeh ewas s u cc e
,
s
s i ve l y se nt to s e ve ral o f t h e l e arn e d a cad e m ie s w i t h w hic h
I taly w as t h e n so w el l provide d T h efi rs t sp e
. c i m en o f th e
t al e n ts o f Vid a in Lat in po e try app e are d in a c oll e c t ion o f
pie ce s on th ed e a t h o f t h epoe t Se ra fin o d A qu il a w hi c h h ap
’
,

pe ne d in th ey e a r 1 00 ; t o w ards w hi c h h ec on t ribu t e d t w
5 o

pie ce s w hi c h w e
,
republish e d in t h at c oll e c t ion at Bologna in ,

t h eye a r 1 04
5 I.n t his publi c a t ion h e is n a m ed by h i s b a p t is
m al app e llation M arc An tonio w hi c h on his ente
, , ,
ring int o re g
ular ord ers h ec h ange, d to th at o f M arc o Girol am o T h em em .

o rab l ec omb at be tw e en t hirt e e n Fre nc h and thirtee n I tali an

soldi e rs und e r th ew alls o f Barl e tta in t h ey e ar 1 03 af f ord e d
, , 5 ,

h i m a subj e c t f o r a m oree xt e nsiv ew ork t h eloss o f w hi c h is

t o b er e gre t ted not only as t h ee
,
a rly produ c t ion o f so e le ga n t
a wri te r, b u t as a c urio u s hi sto rical do cu me nt A f te r having
.
 I LLUST R AT I VE CO M M E NT S .
x xx i

mad ea c onsid e rabl epro f i c i e n c y in th em ores e rio u s s tudie s of

philosophy t h e ,
ology and poli ti c al sc i e
,
nc e h e r e p aire,
d to
R o me w he
,
reh earrive d in th elatte r p art o f th epo nti ficat eo f
J ulius II . a n
,
d app ear s t o h av e b e e n a c ons tan t at te nd an t on

t hos eli t e rary m e et ings w hi c h w e reth e n he ld in t h at c ity and ,

we rec ont inu e d in t h e c o m m e n ce me nt o f th e p ont ificat eo f

Le o X. O f his large r w orks on whi c h his re ,
pu tat ion as a Latin
po e t is at t his d ay f ou nd e d his th r e ebooks D eArte Po e
,
t i ca

we reprobably t h efi rst produ c e d and t h e sew e ,

resoon af t e r
w a rds followed by his po e m on t h egrow th o f silk w or ms e n ,

t i t led Bo m byx and by his Scacch iaeLudus a po e

,
m on t h e
,

gam eo f c h e ss O n th elast o f th esepo e

. m s be ing sho wn to
Le o X.
,
h ew as de ligh t e d be yond m e asurew i th t h eno v e lty of
t h esubj e c t and wi t h th edigni ty e
,
as e an d lu c id arrange
, ,
me nt
w i t h w hi c h i t w as t re at e d w hi c h app e ,
are d to h im al m os t b e
yond th ere a c h o f hu m a n po we rs Heth e ref orer e
. qu e s te d to
se e t h eauthor w h o was acc ordingly in trodu c e
,
d to h i m by
G i am m at t e o Ghib e rt i bishop o f Ve
,
rona w h o app e ar s to h av e
,

be en his e arli e st p atron and w ho m h eh as c e

,
le brate d in te rm s
o f t h ew a r m e st af f e c t ion in s e ve ra l o f his w orks Vid a w as .

re ce i ved by t h epon t i f f w it h p ar ti c ular dist inc tion and kindne ss ,

ad m i tt e d as an atte ndant on t h e c ourt and reward e , d w ith

honors and e m olu m e n ts b u t th at upon w hic h th epo e t app e ars

chi e fl y t o h av ec ongratulat e d hi ms e lf was t hat his w orks w e re

re ad an d appro ve d by t h epont if f h i m s e l f Wh e th e r Le
. o w as

me re ly d e sirous o f eng agi ng Vida in a subj e c t t h at m igh t

c all f ort h all his tale n t s or w h e th e
,
r h e w ish ed to rais eup a
ri val to Sannaz aro wh o h eprobably susp e , ,
c te d was not f av or ,

abl et o his f a m e c e r tain i t is t h at at his sugge

,
s tion V ida b e gan
his Chris tiad w hi c h h eaf te
,
rwards c o m pl et e d in s ix books b u t ,

w hi c h t h epon t i f f w as pre ve n te d by his unt i m e ,

ly d e at h f ro m ,

se eing brough t to a t e rm inat ion T h ef u tu rep at ronageof t his

.

w ork w as th e ref or ere se rv ed f o r Cle me n t VI I und e r whos e .

,

auspi c e s i t w a s fi rs t publi s h e d in th ey e ar 1 3
5 5 w i th an a olo
p
xxxii I LLUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

g e t i ca l a d v er t is em e n t a t t h e c los e o f t h e w ork ,
in w hi c h th e
au t hor e x cus e s t h eboldne ss o f his at t e m p t by in f orm in g th e
re a de r th at h ew as indu c e d to be gin and t o p e rs e verein his
und e rt aking by t h esoli c itations and m u ni fice nceo f th etw o
n fi e X n d e e ee e n
'

p o ti s, L o . a Cl m n t V I I .
,t o w hos x r t ions a d lib
eral i ty h ea sc ribe s t h ere v i v al o f li te raturef ro m i ts long stateo f
t orpor an d de grad ation .

I nord e r t o st i m ulatet h epo e t to te rm inat et h is w ork or to ,

re w ard h i m f or t h eprogre ss h eh ad m adein i t Cle ,

me nt h ad
alr e ady rais e d h i m to t h erank o f apost oli cal s e c re t ary an d in
,

t h ey e a r 1 3 2 c on f e
5 rr ed on h i m t h e bishop ri c o f Alb a Soon
.

af te r t h ed e ath o f t h at p o n ti fl V id a r e t ire d t o his dio c ese and

'

w a s pre se n t at i ts d e fe nseagains t t h eattac k o f t h eFre n c h in

t h ey e a r 1 54 2 ,
wh e rehis e xhortations and e xampleani mat e d
t h einh abi ta n ts su cc e ssf ully to opposet h ee ne m y A f te
. r h aving
at t e nd e d in his e pis c opal c h arac te r at th ec oun c il o f Tre nt and ,

tak e n ana c t iv ep art in th ee ccle sia s t i cal and poli t i cal t rans ac
t ions o f t h et i m e s h edie
,
d at his se eo f Alba on t h etw e
,
n ty
se ve n t h day of Se pt e m be r 1 56 6 m orere
, ,
sp e c te d f o r hi s tal e nts ,

in te grity a nd s tri c t atte

,
n tion to his p as toral du ti e s th an f o r th e
we al t h w hi c h h eh ad a m ass e d f rom his pre fe rme n ts .

O f all th ew ri t e rs o f Latin po e t ry at t his p e riod V ida h as

,

be e n t h e m os t ge ne rally known be yond t h e li m i t s o f I taly .

This is to b eatt ribu te d no t only t o t h ef ortunat ec hoic eo f his

,

subj e c ts b u t to his admirabl etal e

,
n t o f uni ting a c onsid e rabl e
port ion of e le gan c eand o f te
,
n o f digni ty w i th t h eu tm ost f ac ilit y
,

an d c le arn e ss o f s tyl e inso m u c h t h at th em os t c omple x d e

,
scri p

t ions or abs t rus eillus trat ions a rer e nd e re d by h i m perf e c tly e a sy

an d f amiliar to t h ere ad e r O f his V irgilian e

. c logu e s t h et hird
,

an d las t is d e v o te d to c o m m e m orat et h e sorro w s o f V i t t oria

Colonn a on t h ed e
, at h o f h e r belov ed h u sba nd t h eM a rquis o f
,

Pesc ara Am ong his s maller po e

. m s his v e
,
rse s to th em em ory
o f his p ar e n t s w h o bo th died abou t t h esam et i m e and w hil e
, ,

h ewas e ng age d in t h e su cc e s s f u l p u rsu it o f pref e rme nt a t

xxxiv I LLUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

I nh is po e m o f t h eCh ris t iad V ida h as av o id e d th ee rror in t o

w hi c h San naz aro h as fallen in m ingling th epro f anef able s of th e
he at h e
n m yt holo gy w it h t h em ys te rie s o f t h eChri s t ia n r e ligion ,

an d like Mi l ton s e
,
eks f or inspirat ion only f ro m t h e gr e
,
at

f ounta in o f life an d t ru th Al thou gh h e pl ac e

. d V irgil b e f ore
him as his princ ip al model and c e rtainly re
,
ga rd ed him w i t h
s en tim e nts n e x t to adorat ion as may app e ,
ar f ro m t h ec on c lu

sion o f th e third book o f his Po e t i cs ye t h ekn e w h ow t o fi x

,

t h eli m i ts o f his i m i t at ion an d w hilst h eav ail e

,
d hi m se l f o f th e
s t yl eand m ann e r and so m e
,
ti m ese ve n o f th el angu ageo f th e
gre at M an tu an h esough t n
,
o t t o giv et o his w ri t ings a c l assi c

a i r by t h ei n t rodu c ti on o f su c h p e rsons and i m age ry as c ould

only v iolat eproba bili ty n ature and t ru t h H e
, ,
nc e w hilst th e
.
,

po e m of Sannaz aro s e e m s t o b eth eprodu c t ion o f an idol at e r

wh o be li eve s not in t h et ru t hs w hi c h h eafl e cts t o in c ul c ate an
‘

d ,

f re qu e n tly v e rge s on t h eco nfine s o f ind e ce n c y or in c ongrui t y ,

t h ew ri tings o f V id a displ ay a sin c e reand f e rvent pi e ty a c on ,

te m pt of m e re t ri c ious orn a m e nt and an e ne rget ic si m pli c it y o f

,

langu ag e w hic h will s e

, c uret o t he m unmingled an d las ting
approbation .

[ SY M O NDS ,
R e
na i s s a ncei nI ta ly ,
T h eR e
v iv al of Le
a rning ,

pp 4 7 1 -
47 6 o
]
Vid a wo n his fi rst laure ls in t h ef i eld o f didac t i c poe t ry .

Virgilian e xe rc is e s on th ebre eding o f silkwor m s and th ega m e

of che ss displ aye d his f ac u l ty f or inve s t ing f amili ar subj e cts
w i th t h egrac e s o f a polish e d s tyl e Suc h po e m s wh e
. th e r ,

w ri tt e
n in Latin o r, like t h eApi o f R u ce
, ll a i in I tali an grat i fie ,d ,

t h etas t eo f th eR e naissanc e alw ays appre ,

c iativ eo f f or m ind e
pe nde n t o f t h e m at t e r i t inve s ted For a m od e . rn s tud e nt
V id a s m e tri c al t reat is ein thre ebooks on th eA rt o f Po e try h as
’

gre ate r inte re s t sin c ei t ill u s t rate

,
s th efinal o u tc o m eo f c lassic
st u di es in t h eageo f Le o T h ePo e
. t i c a i s addre ssed to Fran c is ,
 I LLU ST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .
xxxv

D au phin o f Fran c e in his Spanish prison

,
. A f te r this
de di cat ion V id a d e s c ribe s t h esolac et o b efound in poe t ry an d ,

adds so m epre ce pt s on t h epre parat ion o f th estude nt s mind ’

.

A rapid re v iew o f th ehis to ry o f po e t ry t h ed e c lineo f Gre e k

inspiration af t e r Hom e r and o f Latin af te
,
r Virgil th equ ali ti e s
o f t h eSilv e r Age and th ere
,
v iv al o f l e tte rs und e r th eM e dic i at
Flore nc e s e rv e s t o sho w h o w narrow th es tand ard o f I talian
c ul tureh ad be c om e be tw e en th ep e riod of Poliz iano wh o e m,

brac e d so m u c h in his ske t c h o f Li t e ratureand th at of Vida w h o

, ,

co n fin e d hi m se lf t o so li ttl e T h ec riti c ism is not unjus t ; b u t

.

i t pro ve s t h at th ere fin e me nt o f tas t eby sc holarship h ad re sult e d

in re s t ri c ting s t ud e n ts t o oneor tw o models, whom t he y followed
th se rv ilit y
. H aving th u s e stablish e d his ge ne ral vi e w o f th e
po e t i c art Vid a pro c e
, e ds t o sk e tc h a pl an o f e duc at ion T h e .

qu alit i e s and d u t i e s of a t u tor ared e sc ribe d and h e rew emay

not i c eh ow f ar Vi t tori no s and G u arino s m e
’ ’
thods h ad c re at ed an
id e al o f t raining f or I taly T h epre
. ce p t or mus t abo veall things
avoid v iol e nc e and ai m at w inning th eaf f e
,
c t ions of his pupil
i t would b ewel l f or him to a ssoc i at e s e ve ral you ths in th esam e
c ou rs eo f s tu dy so as to arous e t h e
,
ir e mu lation H e m ust
.

no t n e gl e c t th eir game s and m ust al ways b ecare

,
f ul to sui t his
me t hods t o th e di f f e re nt tale nt s o f his c harge s Wh e . n th e
sp e c ial s tudi e s t o b efollowed are disc u s se d Vida points ou t
,

t h at Ci c e ro is t h ebe s t sc hool o f La tin s tyle Here . c o mm e nds

t h ee arly prac ti c eof b u c oli c v e rse and inculcate
,
s th ene ce ssi ty
o f t re at i ng yo u t h f ul e ssays w i t h indulge nc e Th e
. s etopic s are
t ou c h e d w it h m oreor le ss f e lic it y o f phras e and illus trat ion
an d though th esubj e c t m a t te
-
r is su f ficie ntl y t ri teth egood s e
,
ns e
an d kindly f e eling of th ewri te r w in re sp e c t T h e fi rs t book
.

c onc lude s w i th a p e roration on t h edigni ty and san c ti ty o f poets ,

a the m e th e humanist s w e re n e ve r we ary of e mbroid e ring .

T h ese c ond d e s c ribe s th equ aliti e s o f a good poe m as t h e se

,

we rec onc e i ved by th ere fin ed b u t f orm al ta s t eof th e six te ent h

ce n tury I t should be
. gin quietl y and m anageto e
, xc i tew i t h
 I L LUST R A T IV E CO M M E NI S
’ ‘
.

ou t sat is f ying t h e c u iosi t y o f t h e re

r a de r Va in d i splays o f
.

le a rn ing areto b eav oid e d E p iso d e s and si m il es m ust occur at

.

pro pe r intervals and a f rugal se aso ni n g o f hu m or w ill b efou nd

agr e e able A ll re
. peti tions should b esh u nne d an d gre at ca re ,

sho u ld b eta ke n to vary t h enarrativew it h pic ture squ ed e sc rip

t ions . R he t ori c ag ain is n

,‘ ot un w o rt hy o f a t t e
,
ntion w he n the ,

poe t se eks to pla c ec onve nient and sp e c iou s argu m e nt s in th e

m ou t h s o f his p e rs o nag e s .

I t is d if fi cu l t in a su m mary t o do jus t i c e t o t his po rt ion o f

V id a s p o e
’
m His d e
. scrip t ion o f t h e id e al e pic is ind eed
no thing moreor less th a n a re fin e d ana lysis o f t h eAi n eid ;
an d s t u de nts de sirous o f le arning w h at th eI tali ans o f t h esix

te e nt h c e n tu ry ad m ire d in Virgil will do well to s tu dy i ts ac u te

,

an d sobe r c ri t i c is m A p ane . gyri c o f Le o c los e s th e s ec ond

book Fro m this p erorat ion so m elin e
. s upon th ew o es o f I ta ly
m ay b er e ad w i t h p rofi t as prov ing t h at t h e n a t ion c ons c ious
, ,

o f i ts o w n d e cline was c on tent e

,
d to acc e p t t h e pri m ac y o f
c ul turein e xc h angef or inde pe nd e nce .

T h et hird book t re at s o f s t yl ea n d dic t ion To b ec le a r an. d

vari e d to c o m mand m e
,
taphor an d allusion t o c hoos ephras e ,
s
c olore d by m ythology a n d f a n c y to s u i t t h el a ng u aget o t h e
,

s u bj e c t to vary t h em e
, t ri c al c ad e nc ew i th t h et hought a nd feel
ing and to b eassiduous in th eu s eo f th efi l earem en tione
,
d as
indi s p e ns abl eto ex c el l enc e A p e roration on Virgi l sonorous
.
,

an d im passion e d clos e ,
s th ewho l epo em w hic h righ tly und er , ,

s tood is a monu m e
,
nt e re c ted to th ef a meo f t h e R o man bard
by thepie t y o f his I tali an pupil T h eh u al lin e. s a re j u stly
f amous .

Vid a s o wnin te ll ec t was cl ear and h is s tyl ep ers pi c uous b u t

’
,

his ge nius w as m e dioc re His po we . r lay i n t h e di s posi t ion o f

m ate rials and in illus tra t ion A preci set ast e f or med on Ci cero
.
,

an d Virgil an d e ,xe rc is e d w i th j u d g m e nt i n a narro w sph e re ,

s a t is fie d h is c ri ti cal re q u i rem en t s V i rg il w i t h
. h i m w a s fi rs t

an d l ast, an d mid s t an d wi th o u t e nd I na wo rd h esho ws .

,
 I LLUST R AT I VE CO M M E NTS .

w h at a ol ar o f so u nd part s and rh e
sch t ori ca l ap t i tu d e cou ld

veby th estu dy and i mi ta tio nof a si ngleau th or

a ch i e .

3
. BO I LE AU .

[ PO P E ,
E s s ay o n 0
7 9

Bu t o nb y i m p io u s arms f rom La ti u m ch ased

so ,

T he ir anc ient b o u nds th eb anish ed M u s es passed

T he nc ear ts o e r all th en
’
orth ernw orl d advanc e ,

Bu t c ri ti c l earn
-
i ng fl ou ri sh ed m ost i nFranc e;
T h eru l e s a n a t io n b or nto s e
, r ve ob eys , ,

An d B oil e a u s t i ll i nri gh t o f Hor a c es w ays .

B u t w e b r a veB ri to n
, s f or e ignl aws des pis ed
, ,

An d ke p t u n c o n q u er ed an d u n c i v
, i l i zed ;
Fi erc ef or th el i b erti e s o f w i t an d bold , ,

W es till defie d th eR o m a n s as o f o l d , .

Ye t s o m et h e rew ere am ong th es o u nd er f ew

,

O f th osew h o l e ss p re su me d an d be tte
r k new
, ,

W h o d u rs t ass e rt t h ej u s ter anc i ent c au s e ,

An d he rer es tored w it s f u nd am ental l a ws

'
.

[ ne
Ca m e Lu nai Vol
'
’ '
SA INT E B E UVE
-
,
s au ,
.

Wi t hin th e e eor thirty y e

las t tw n y fiv
t -
ars t h epoin t o f v i ew
w i t h regard to Boil e au h a s gre d Wh e
at ly c h ang e n at th eR e s .

t orati o n t h at splendid hour o f hop ean

, d gallan t e nd eavor n ew ,

ge ne rat ions arrive d and atte m p te

, d to r eno vatelite rary spe c ie s
an d f or m s to bro ad e
, n th ec ircl eo f li te rary id e a s an d c om pari
sons t h e
, ye ri e
xp e nc e d re sista nceon t h ep art o f th e ir predece s

so rs Aut hors e
. st im abl einde ed b u t lagging be hind t h eage
, ,

othe r w rite rs mu c h l ess c omm e nd abl e and wh o in t h eli f etim e , ,

of Boile au would h av e b ee
, n am ong th e fi rst to rec e ive
cas tigat ion at his h ands h oiste d t h ebanne , r o f this lawgive r of
x xxv iii I LLU ST R A T I VE CO M M E NTS .

Parnassu s and wi t hou t c ons id ering th ed if f e

,
’
, re n c ein th eage ,

q uo t e
d h i s l ine s on a ll o cc a sio ns l ike t h e a rt i c l es o f a c od e W e .

d id t he n wewh o we
,
—
reyoung and I only h al f repe nt o f ou r
do i ngs w h at it w as natu ral to do W et ook Boile . au s w orks
’

by th e m se lve s t hough f e w in nu m be r th e y areun e

,
qu al in
vigor ; th e re are thos ew hi c h be t ray t h e you th an d o t he rs,

w hi c h be t ray t h eageo f t h e ir au t hor W h ilere . nd e ring jus t i c e

t o t h eso und an d be au t i f u l port ions our prais ew as so m e

, w hat
f a in t an
, d our h e arts did n ot c l e av e t o t h espiri t o f t h em an .

Boil e au as p e
, rsonag ean d au t ho ri ty is mu c h m orei m por tan t
,

th an his w ork a n d a ce ,
r ta in ef f ort is n e ce s sary t o rec onst it u t e
him in his int e gri ty I n a w ord w edid no t t h e
.
,
n m akea fu ll
his tori c al study of him and we , reh al f w ay involv ed in t h ec on
t ro ve rs ies o f t h ep e riod .

A t t his late r day th ec irc leo f e , xp e rim e ntation h av ing b e en

rou nd e d and dis cussion b eing e
, xh aus te d w e return t o h i m
,

w i th pl e asu r e I f I may b e p e . rm i t t ed t o spe ak o f m ys e lf ,

Boil e au is o n eo f th eme nwi th whom I haveb e e n th em ost oc

cu p i e d sinc eI h aveb e e ne ngage d in c ri ti c ism a nd w i t h w ho m ,

I h av em os t con s tan tl y l iv e d in t hough t Boil e

. au r e ali z e d ,

an d m ad ehis f ri e nds re ali z et h at admirabl el in e

, s do no t en ti t l e
on eto disre gard thos ew hic h aret o f orm th e ir c onte xt Su c h .
’
,

righ tly d e fin ed is his li t e , rary ac hie ve me nt Do y o u

.

kno w wh at in our ow nti m e h as b e

, , e n wan ting to our po et s so ,

full o f natural abili ti e s at t h e ir firs t appe ara n c e so ri c h i n ,

p romi s e a n d f eli c i tous sugg es t ion ? T h ey h av e n e ed e d t w o

thin gs a Boil e au an d an e nligh te ne d monarc h t h eo nes e , e

onding an d h allo wing t h eo th e r For lac k of t h em t h e
. s em en
o f tal e nt c onsc ious of living in anageof anarc hy and i nd isci
,

pline h av enot be
,
e n slo w to c ondu c t t h e ms e lv e s acc ordingl y
in li te ral t e rms th e y h avec ond u c t e
, d th e mse l ve s no t like nobl e ,

ge niuse s nor e,
ve n like m e n b u t like stude
, nt s of f on a vacat ion .

T h ere sul ts weh avewi tne sse d .

 I LLUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .
xxxix

s i nLi te
Sfi o r l S tu di e epp 5
[ MA BIE ,
r a tu r , .

So long as l it e raturewas a well d e f i ne d art in t h eh ands o f

su c h c rit ic s as Boil e au or o f Pop e an , d th e ir s c hools i t was,

re adily c h arac t e ri z e d Ce . rt ain qu alit ie s o f f orm supplied a t est

e asily a ppli e d a kind o f
-
folding m e asure w hi c h t h e m os t

scant ily e quipp e d c ri tic c ould carry abou t in his po ck e t Bu t

.

t his port abl esys te m of me nsuration f ail e d t o t ak et h ed i m e n

sions o f a nu m b e r o f no tablepo e ts a n
, d a m ong th e m Shak e
sp e a re an d i t is qui tei m possibl eto l e av eSh ak e sp e areo u t o f

acc oun t in an y d e f i ni t ion o f li t er a t ur e . O n e c a n i m agin e w i t h

w h at ho rror Boil e au would h av e looked ov e r C arlyle h e
c ould h ardly h av elooked t hrough h i m Among al l th eli te . rary
spe ci me ns a rrange d w it h Galli c pre c ision to illus t rat eth eprin
ci p l e s w hi c h ough t t o und e rli eli te rature C arlyl ewould h av e
,

found no pl ac e Boil e . au would h av e ru t hl e ssly e x c luded h i m f ro m

t h ene at pre
,
c is eand v e
,
ry di m inu t iv ePa nth e on o f whic h h ec on
s t i tu t ed hi m s e l f th ec us todi an And ye . t i t is e vide n t th at C arlyl e
be longs to lit e rature; t o so m eo f u s h ew as t h efi rst t o re ve al

t h er e a l s c op eo f li te rature .

Wh at would Boile au h avedone w i th t h e K al e val a t h e Nib e

,

lu ngen Lie d t h eR ussia n popu lar e

,
pi c s t h eSc o t c h Ballads ?
,

Th e s ew ild f re
,
e spon tane
,
ous gro w t hs f ro m t h esoil o f c o mm on
life would h avef are d badly at t h eh ands o f a c ri ti c a cc u s to m e d
t o th e s m oo t h e le ganc eo f t h eAl e xa ndri n ev e rs et o t h eord e
,
rly
unfolding o f th eF re nc h dram a to th ese,
l f c ons c ious co nv e
-
,
n
t io n al a n
, d art ificial c on c e p tion o f art o f w hi c h h em ad eh i m
self th em ou thpi e c e a nd ye t i t is c l e ar e nough th at th e s eart
l ess w orks o f e arli e r and u nkno wn po e ts aren o t only li t e rature ,

b u t li te ratu r eof a very s igni ficant and in t e re s t ing kind If

.

Boil e au h ad be e n living at th e c los eo f th el ast c e n t u ry h ow ,

sore ly his spirit would h av ebe e n tri e d by t h ein te re s t in Hindu

l it e rat u re th e
, n f or t h efi rs t t i m ebrough t w it hin t h eknowledge
o f E urop e ans T h at o ne sh ou l d pre fe r t h eSak o ontal a of
xl I LLU ST R A T I VE CO M M E NT S .

Kalidasa to t h eB e
re
ni c e f o R a c inewould
h avefill e d h i m wi t h
de e p and pain f u l pe rple xit y E v id e n tly li te
. rature m e an s a
re t d e a l m or e t o u s t h an i t m e a n t t o Boil ea u i t m ea ns so
g a ;
m u c h t hat th etas k o f d e fin in g i t w i t h sc i e
n t i fi c a cc ur a c y is
qui tebe yond u s Weh avelong ago rid ou rs e
. lv e s o f th ei d ea
t h at an p a rt i c l a r f or m or se t o f f or m s f u rnis h e s a n un f a ili n g
y u

te s t o f t h epre se nc eor absenc eo f t h eq u ali ty w hi c h c onsti tu t es

li te raturein a book T h ee sse
. nt ial t hing so f ar as f or m is c on ,

ce rn e ,d is no t a reprod u c tion o f a ny acc e p ted model b u t t h e ,

e xc e l len c ewhic h m ake s a f orm e xpre ssiveo f be au t y or pow e r .

[ M O R LE Y ,
F i r s t Ske
w! : qf E n
g l i s h L i te
r a tu r e pp
,
. 66 7

Boile au s i n flu e ncebe c am es u prem eupon t h e pu blic ation o f

’

his A rt o f Poe t ry ( L A rt Po é t iqu e )

’
in 1 6 73 I t s,
f o u r c a n t os .

e m b od i e d his m ain do c t rineas t h ePo e t o f G ood Se nse I n .

id e a an d e xe c u tion i t was inspire d by Horac es A rt o f Po e t ry

’

b u t i t s polish e d m axi m s a ppli e d sp e c i ally to F re

,
n c h po e t ry ar e ,

m oresys te m at i c ally a rr ange d T h eord e r o f i ts c an tos is

.

1. Ge ne ral rul e s w it h a short d igre

,
ssion on t h e his t ory o f
F re nc h po e t ry f ro m Villon t o M alh e rb e 2 Rules and c h ara c . .

te ri s t ics o f t h ee c logu e e le gy o d e sonnet e , ,

pigram balad e
, , , ,

m adrigal sat ire an

,
d v aud e
,
v ill e 3 Rules o f t rage . .dy c o m e dy , ,

an d e pi c 4 G e
. neral ad vi c e t o po e
. t s on t h e u s e o f t h e ir
pow e rs c hoic eo f a c ri ti c origi n rise and d e c lin eo f po e
, ,
t ry ;

prais eo f Lo u is XIV T h ec ri t i cal shortc o m ings o f t his w ork

.
,

w hi c h m ay b esa id t o h av egi v e n t h e l aw f o r so m e y e a rs t o

F re nc h and E nglish li te ra ture n e a rly all pro c e ,

e d f ro m a w hol e
som eb u t t oo serv il e re gard f or th ee xa m pleo f t h eanc i e nt
c lassic wri te rs T h ec hi e
. f au t hors o f Gr e ec eand R o m ewe re
t o b eas m u c h th emodels o f good li t e ra tu reas t h eLatin l an
gu agew as a stand ard o f righ t spe e c h This led inde . e d to a , ,

sound c onte mpt o f e m p ty t ri v i ali t i e s b u t it l e f t t h ec ri t i c w i t h

,

f aint po w e rs o f re c ogni ti on f o r a D an t e a Sh ak e spe a re or a , ,

 I LLU ST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

[ Scor nL f
i feo n am
’
,
cd . Saintsbu ry , pp .
44 0

Abou t th et i m eof t h eR e s toration th ec ult ivationo f l e

, t te rs
w as pros e cu t e d in Franc ew i th so m ee nergy Bu t t h ege
. nius
o f t h at li v ely nat ion b e ing m orefi t te d f o r c ri t i c is m t h an po e t ry ,

f o r d raw ing ru l e s f ro m w h at o t h e rs h avedon e t han f o r w ri ting ,

w orks w hi c h m igh t b et h e m se l ves s tandards t h e ,

y we resoon er
abl et o produ c ean accurat et abl eo f l aw s f o r t hos ein t e nding
to w ri tee pi c poe ms and t rage di es acc ording to th eb es t Gre ek
an d R om an au t hori ti e ,s th an to exhibi t dis t inguish e d sp e ci me ns
o f su cc e ss in e i th e r de p a rt m e n t jus t as th e y ares aid t o possess
th eb e s t possibl erul e s f o r building ships o f w ar al t hough no t ,

e qu ally re m arkabl ef o r t h e ir po w e r o f figh ting th e m Wh e n .

c ri t i c ism be c om e s a pursuit se pa ratef ro m po e t ry t hos ew h o ,

follow i t areap t to f org e t t h at th el e gi t i matee nds o f t h eart f o r

w hi c h t h e y l ay do wn rul e s areins t ru c tion or de ligh t and t h at ,

th e s epoin ts be ing at tain e d by w h at road so e

, ve r e n t i tl es a po e
, t
t o c l a im t h epri z eo f su cc e ss f ul m e ri t Ne. i th e r did t h el e arn e d
au thors o f t h e s ed isquisi tions su f ficie ntl y at te nd t o th eg e ne ra l
disposi t ion o f m ankind whic h c anno t b ec on t e
, n te d e ve n with
t h e h appi e st imi tations o f f orm e r e xc e ll e nc e b u t d e , m ands
nove l ty as a n e ce ssary ingre di e n t f or am us em e n t To insist .

t h at e ve ry e pi c po e m sh all h av et h e plan o f t h e I liad and

A in eid and e
,
ve ry trage dy b ef e tte re d by th erul e s of Aris to tl e ,

re se mbl e s t h eprinc i pl eo f anarchi te c t w h o sh ould build all h i s

house s w i th t h esam enumber o f w indo ws and o f s tori e s It .

h app e ne d too i n
, e v i tably th at th ec ri ti c s i n th e pl e
, ,
nipot e n tial
au thori t y w hi c h th e ye xe rci s ed o f te
, n assum e d a s indisp e nsabl e
re quisit e s o f th edram a or epo pei a c ircu m s t an c e s w hi c h in t h e ,

gre at au thori ti e s th e y q u o ted we ,

real tog e th e r acc id e nt al and
indi f f e re n t Th e
. s eth e ye re c te d in to l aws and h and e
, d down as
e sse n ti als to b eobs e rve d by al l su cc e e ding po e ts al t hough t h e ,

f orms pr e s c ribe d h av eo f te n as li t tl et o do w i th th em e ri t and

su cc e ss o f th eoriginal s f rom whi c h th ey aret ak e n as t h eshap e ,
 I LLUST R AT I VE CO M M E NT S . xliii

of t h edrinking -
glas s w it h t h e fl avor ew hic h i t c on of t h ew in

ta i ns. To t he se e n c ro ach m ent s says F1e l d1n g a

,
f ’
t e
r so m e ,

obs e rva tions t o th e sam epurpos e ti m e and ignorance t h e , ,

t wo gre at suppor t e rs o f i m postu re gave au t hori ty ; and thus

,

many ru l e s f or good w ri ting hav eb e ene stablish e d w hic h have ,

no t th ele a s t f ound at ion in t ru t h or n atu re an d w hic h co m ,

m on ly se rvef or no o th e r pu rpos eth an to c urb and re st rain

ge nius in th esa m e m ann e
,
r as i t would h avere straine d th e
danc ing m as t e -
r h ad t h em a ny e
,
xce llen t t re at is es on t hat art
l ai d i t dow n as an e ss ential rule th at e ve ry m anm ust d an cein
c h ains I t is prob abl eth at th et yranny o f t h eFre nc h c ri t i c s
’
.
,

f ashionabl eas t h eli te rat ureo f th at c ountry was w i t h Ch arl e s

an d his c ou rt i e rs would h av ee
,
xte nd ed i ts el f ov e r E ngland at
t h eR e st orat ion h ad no t a c h am pion so po we
,
rf ul as Dryde n
plac e d hi m se lf in th egap .

E M OG E 0T , H s toz r ed el a l z fl i m tu ef r a nmzs e —
[ D ]
' ’

6
' ’

r , pp .
4 2 4 3o .

WhileR a c ineand Molie rew e ree nri c hing F ranc ew i t h t h e ir

m as te rpie ce s th e i r f ri e
,
nd Boil e au D e s p re au x w as t e ac hing t h e

p u blic to und e rstand and ad m iret h e m Be f or ehis d ay tast e .

, ,

lac king fix e d stand ards h ad indi sc ri m inat e

,
ly sa nc t io ned th ee x

ce ll ent and th em e dio c re A m u l titud eof au t hors w i thou t m e

. ri t
blo c ked up th ehigh w ay of th egr e at w ri t e rs Sc ud e ry was ad .

m ire d sid eby sidewi t h Corneille ; f alsew i t t ho u gh ri di cul e d

by Molie
,

re w as no t c ate
,
gori cally pros c rib e d and c onde mne d .

T h ep u bli c v e ne rat e d th em e m ory o f V oi ture an d appl aud e d ,

t h ec on c e i ts o f Saint A m and and Ch ap e l ain I t h ad no t ye t .

le f t to Sp ain an d t o I taly

T h ed az z l i ng folly of al l th e f al s es pl e
ir nd ors .

T h e gre
a t Co m e
i ll ehi m s e
lf is p e
rh aps t h emos t st riking ex

am pl eo f t his blending o f t h ew or t hl e xcell e

ss w i th th ee nt of ,

b ad tas tew i th subli m i ty . I n a word th e rew e remodels b u t

, ,
x li v I LLU ST R AT I VE CO M M E NT S .

no th e ory I t was t h etask o f Boile

. au t o dis e n tangleth eco n
f us e d art of th ese ve nt e ent h c e ntu ry and to ass ign t o e , ac h m a n

an d to e ve ry prod u c t ion i ts proper placein publi c e st e e m It .

is his glory to h avedone t his w i th al m os t inf a ll ibl ej udgm e nt ,

wi th u n shri nk ing c o u rage and w h at is m ore t o h ave p ro

, , ,

nou nce d his d e c is ions in so f e lic it ou s a f orm and in su ch p e , r

fe et langu ag e th at w eshou ld no m orethink o f re

,
c as t i ng t h a n
o f inv alid at ing t h e m .

T h ew ors hip o f good s e ns e th es u pr e ,

m ac y o f r e as on in m at

te rs o f tas te su c h is t h elas t ing m eri t o f Boile

,
au s t e achin
g
’
.

This is t h e c o m m on f e a tu r e w hi c h links h i m w i th th e o t h e r
gre at m e no f t h a t age I t is t h espirit o f D e
. sca rt e s t rans f erred
t o poe t ry .

No l e ss do were c ogni z ei n his c ri t i c i s m t h em oret ransi e nt

an d acc id e n tal c h arac terist ic s o f his epo c h Fond abovea l l .

t hings o f ord e r and re g u l a ri t y h e dis c iplin

, es p o et ry as Lo u i s

X I V d oe . s soci et y e s t abli s h e
,
s a rigorous sys t e m o f c as t ein t h e
prod u c tions o f ge niu s pre ac h e s t h enobilit y o f lang u age a nd
, ,

insist s u pon th eetiq u e t t eo f th eh e m ist i c h an d t h erigh t div in e

o f th ec ae sura His m ind is j u s t rat h e
. r th an bro ad judi c ia l ,

rat h er t h an pro f ound He like .s to s e et hings in th e ir m os t

salie n t as p e c t t hough i t be th e narro w e
,
st I f h e w ish es to .

praiseMolie ref o r th at jus t ne ss o f l angu agew hic h n e ver sac ri

h oe s th eid e a t o i ts e xpre ssion h ead m i ringly asks h i m w h e
, re
h efi n ds his ri m e s I f i t is a qu e s tio no f d i f ficu l ty in conce
’
. iv
ing a p l an t h eto ta li ty o f a w ork o f art in e fle cti n e
'

h m u u l
'

, g t , t a

subordination o f t h eva rio u s parts in f orm i ng a s eri es a c on , ,

ne cte d c h ain w hos ee ve ry link as l l u flo nsays sh all repres en t an

'

, , ,

id e a he e
,
xc lai m s I t is a task th at kills m eby th e m u lt i
‘
,

tu d e o f t ransi t ions whic h cons ti tu t e i n m y judg m e

, ,
nt the ,

m ost d if fi cu l t ac hi e ve me n t o f po etry .
’

W earepre pa red t o b e li e vethat in a c e n tury ruled e x clu

s i ve l y by t h espiri t o f so c i e ty a n d whos epo e
,
ts as a ru l e w e re , ,

inse nsibl eto n ature Boil e au f o r m e

,
d no e x ce pt ion I t m igh t .
 I LLUST R AT IV E CO M M E NT S .
xlv

se em at fi rs t gla n c eas i f t his d e fec t would b eo f small conse

e n e al po e e e e e fl e e d
'

q u c in a s at iri c t ; n v r t h l ss his c ri t i c is m s u r

t h ec onse qu e nce s o f t his li m i tation A disc ipl eo f t h ea n c i e

. n ts ,

h e re com m e nds a m y thology w hic h h e do e s no t und e rstand .

Hemis take nly in te rprets th at p ant h e ism of u nive rsal li f ewhic h

is t h esoul of Gre ek poet ry as a sys tem o f abstrac t all e gories .

No t m u c h be tte r do es h ec o m pre he nd t h e po e t i c gra nd e u r of

C at holi c is m H ere . je c ts t h em arv e lous e le me nt i nChris ti ani ty

as at on c et oo s ac r e d and too dull thus c alu m ni a ting in o ne
,

bre a th b o t h po e try a n d Chris tia n dog m a Boil e au in c o m m on

.
,

w i t h h is c on t e m porari e s h ad no appre
,
c iation o f t h eM iddle
Age s. He b e t rays a disd ain f ul ignor an c eo f al l o u r old n a

t ion al po e t ry an d would b ewilling t o e

,
x cl ai m w i th Louis XI V ,
.
,

‘
Th at s to o old f ashione
’
-
d or be ,
tte
‘
r s t ill O u t o f m y sigh t ,

w i t h t hos eChin e s em ons trosi t ie s ’

.

Bu t w em ust n ot ce nsureth ecri ti c too se ve re ly f o r this aver

sion t o t h eageth at was p assing away Progre ss is only t o b e
.

h ad at this pri c e Ne . w id e as do n o t a ss e rt t h e m se lve s saveby

t h en e gation o f t h eold ; aloo f n e ss p ass e s int o hos tili t y D e s.

c a rt e s s c orne d t h ew holeo f ant iquit y ; this w as m e rely an e x

agge rate d f or m o f t h esupre m ac y o f re ason So Chris ti ani ty in

.

i t s inc e p tion h ad p e rs ec u ted polyth e is m e v en in t h eli t e

,
ra tu re
w hi c h re fle ct e d it I t was in th en a m eo f th em od e
. rn spiri t t h at
Boile au abjur e d t h ewhol efeudal so cie t y i ts a r t s a n ,
d po e try .

MoreChristian t h an C atholi c m orere ,

ligious t h an pi e t is t i c i t ,

w as t hrough ind e pe nde nc ethat h esubj e c te d hi m s e lf to th edis

ci p l i neo f our old m as te rs t h eGree,
ks and t h eLat ins Au thori ty .
,

ind e ed h efound th e
,
reb u t anau thority f re
,
e ly c hos e n and f re e ly
int e rpr e te d .

T h e po e t i c al c a r e e r o f Boile au m ay b ediv ided in t o t hre e

pe rio ds I n th e fi rs t f ro m 1 66 0 to 1 66 8 th eyoung s atiris t
.
, ,

a t ta c ke d b ad po e t s w i t h al l th e i m p e t u osi ty o f his age an d ,

s t rove t o t h eu tte r m ost agains t t h ef alsetas tei m por te d f ro m

Spain and I taly I t was at this ti met hat h epublish e
. d nine
 i I LLU ST R A T I V E CO M M E NT S .

Sat ire s f our o f whi c h aree

,
x clusiv e ly literary w hileth eot h ers ,

dire c te d against th es c ribble rs a m ulti t ud eo f h i ts al l th em ore ,

piqu an t f o r b e ing un e xp e c te d T h e Sat ire s be long says

.
,
’

Vol taire to th efi rs t m ann e

, r o f t his gre at p ain t e r ve ry inf e ,

rior i t is tru e t o th es e
, c ond b u t v e
,
ry sup e rior to t hat o f al l th e
,

w ri t e rs o f his tim e i f wee xc e p t R ac ine Le t u s a d d t h at t h e

’
.
,

nin th satire addre ss ed to his E spri t , is e

,
qu al to th ebes t ’

w ork t h at Boil e au e ve r did .

I n t h es e c ond p e riod f ro m 1 66 9 to 1 6 7 7 Boil e

, au l aid s a t ir e ,

as id e H eh ad b e
. e n ov e rthrow ing and w as now c on c e rne d to ,

re c ons t ru c t A t this t im e in 1 6 7 4 appe

. are
, d his A rt Poé t iqu e , ,

i nw hi c h h ef ormulate d and co ordinate d t h eli te rary do c t rin es

-

t o w hi c h h eh ad jus t assure d a triu m ph T h esam eye ar h e .

publish e d th efi rst f our so ngs o f th eLu trin aninge nious and ,

e le gant s ally and a m as te rpi e

,
c eo f v e rs ifica t i o nw or t hy o f a l e ss
t ri v ial subj e c t Alre ady a milder t e
. mp e r animate d th ec rit i c and ,

his raill e ry w as moresprigh tly Henow wro teth efi rst nin e .

E pis tl e s o f whic h th et hird addre

,
ss ed to R ac in e c o m bine
, s in ,

th ehigh e st d e gre eall th ee xce llen t qu alit ie s whic h assuret h e

glory o f th egr e at Fr e nc h s at iris t .

A f te r t his work, Boil e au appoin t e d in c onjunc t ion w i th

, ,

R ac in e historiograph e
,
r to t h eking in te rrup te d like his co l , ,

le agu e his po e
,
ti cal l abors During th esix te . en y ears th at fol
lowed h ec on t e
,
n ted himse l f w i t h publishi ng in 1 6 8 1 th elas t , ,

t wo c an t os o f t h eLu t rin Hedid no t t ee . n te r his c are e r un til -

1 6 93 b u t le ss f ortu n atet h an his illus trious f ri e

,
nd h ew as th e n ,

f ar f ro m dis c ov e ring a ne w ve in I t is h e re t h at t h ethird .

pe riod of his life b e gins He re app e .ar ed be f ore t h epubli c

w i th th eO d eto Namur a f e e bl eand un f ortun at elyri cal e
,
ssay .

Hec ompos e d thre ef rigid satire s against Wom e n on Honor , , ,

an d agains t E q u ivo cation ; fi n all y b ec o m pos e d his las t t hre e

e pis tl e s oneof w hich t hat w hi c h c lose
, ,
s th ec olle ct ion and ,

h as as i t s subj e c t th eLoveo f G od no longer of f e rs an yt hi n g ,

attrac ti v ee i th er in inspiration or s tyle Sageas h ew as h e .

,
 I LL UST R AT I V E m mm zm s x vi i
l

lac ked t h at rare s t gi f t o f w i s do m t h ek n ow le d geo f whe

,
n to
s t op .

Bo i le au is a tr e me ndou s f act inth ehis t ory o f li te ratu re He .

esta bli s he d t h en a t io n a l t a s te an d was ablet o isolateand place

,

in re l ie f i ts m o s t v i tal m os t pe rm ane
,
nt c haract e ris tic i ts wit t y , ,

ba nt e rin g goo d sense H eennobled th eanci ent Fre

. nch spirit
o f Vill on an d M aro t by t e a ch i ng i t th ee legant languageo f clas
s i cal a n t iq u i t y an d all th eproprie ti es o f t h ew i tti e s t o f cou rts .

H eis t h ec i t iz e n o f Par is in th egre at gall e ry o f Ve rs aille s .

Th e sea dvantages w erepu rch as e d at so m ec os t T h ebe lie.f

h as be en too pre val e nt t h at Boil e au t r a c ed th ed e fin iti veli mi ts
o f a rt . Thereh as be en too m u c h ca lling o f h i m th el awgive r
o f Parnassus R at h e
.
’
r w as h eth ete ac h er o f his c e ntury 5 and ,
in his c e nt u ry i ts e l f h etaugh t th ew ri te
,
rs l e ss t h an th epubli c .

W i t hou t dou b t his conv ers ations mus t h avebe e n pre c iou s t o
his illu st ri ou s f r ie nds in w ho m h e ins till e
,
d dis c on te n t wi th
th e m se lve s and w ho m h etaugh t to ri mew i th p ains 5 b u t his
w rit ings are e sp e c ially d e sign e d to train th ere ad e r and th e y ,

a rep e rf e c t l y a d ap t e d t o th at obj e c t His c ri ti c is m is c l e

. an

cu t si m pl e in t e
, ,
lligibl et o al l morene gati veth an inspiring ; i t
,

re du c e s th e princ ipl e s o f art to t hos eo f c o m m on s e ns e I t .

is piqu an t b an t e,
ring c alu m nious w holly f r e
,
ef rom tec hni cal
,

te rm s Final l y i t c as ts i ts pre
.
,
cep ts in to i mp e rish abl eve rs e
,
a s

re sple nd e n t w i th m e taphors as w i t h r e ason 5 i t c oins th e m in to

prove rbs and s tam ps th e
,
m whe th e r w ewill or no upo n th e
, ,

me m ory .

[ R UNET I ER IQ L E s t/z étz qu edc B oi l e i n th eR e

vu e dc: de
’

B
’
au ,
u x

M o nde
s
93 6 6 2—66 3, 6 80

Th e rearegrea ter n am e rary his to ry th an Boil e

s i nour li te au s,
’

an d h appily m any o f t h e m 5 o the rs are m orepopula r o th e rs ,

c erta inly m orebelo ved ; b u t I do no t kno w th at th e reis any

m oreinv ogu e nor p e rh aps in c ertain re
,
sp ec ts m or ee min e
,
nt , .
x lv iii I LLUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

rses be
Half o f his v e c am e m axi m s p ro ve
or rbs at t heir birt h ,

ent e re d i nto u s eo r in to t h ec u rre nt o f th el angu age and c on ,

s t i tu t es t i l l a p ar t o f t h ev o c a b u l a ry o f c onv e rs at ion Thre eor .

f o ur g e ne rations o f indus t rio u s v e rs ifi e rs in c l u ding a f e

, w po e ts
h avere c ogniz e d hi m as t h ela w giver o f th eF renc h Pa rnassus .

His te ac h ings c rossing o u r f ron t i e

,
rs h av e gon e o u t t o f orm
,

s chools inE ngland and G e rm any His v e . ry e n em i es by t h e ir ,

passionate in tem p e ,
rate and a bove al l c l u m sy a ttacks h ave
, , , ,

c on t rib u te d as m u c h or m ore th an his d e

,
s er ts t o e ngrave t o , ,

ch arac te r his n a m e in t h e m em ory 5 and i f th e reb eany o ne

w ho n , ot only f o r u s w h o belong to his rac e b u t also f o r f o r ,

eign ers re ,
pre se n ts th eFren c h or ra th e ,
r th e c lassic spiri t w i t h ,

i ts qu ali ti e s b u t lik e
,
w is e w i th t h ed e fe c ts w hic h a ret h epri c eor
t h e o bve rse o f th es equ ali t ie s i t is n e
, i th er Molie re nor La ,

l on ta i n e no r R ac in e5 i t is h e i t is Boil e i t is th e au t hor o f
'
t
, ,
au ,

th eSatire s and th eA rt o f Poetry . I f th e reh as b e e n f ro m ,

the R e naiss anc e to th e Fre nc h R e v olu tion a c l assic al ide a l ,

c om m on to al l E urop e to h im be ,
longs th ehonor o f h aving c on
ce ive d de
,
fin e d an d fix e
,
d i t m orec l e a rly t h an a n o n
y e els e l / .

Boil e au un d e rs tood onl y w h at h elov ed 5 h elo v ed only w h a t

h ethough t hi m se l f cap able o f re ali z ing a t need i n his o w n

p o e t ry 5 a n d thus i t h a p p e
n ed t h a t b e ing
,
d e s t i t u t e o f s ensibili t y ,

i maginatio n and a s trong c ons ti t u tio n h eat fi rs t a ss i gned too

, ,

i nco ns id erab l ea pa rt in his do c trine to t h epic turesq u e t o t h e ,

se ns e s an
,
d to e m o tion .

l t i nt r u th i t i s by v irtu eo f t ho u gh t t h at w ea rem e n as w e
'

mu s t f ai nagre e w i th h i m th at i t is s t ill w e areby no m e

, a ns

p u re i n te lli g e n ce s b u t,
ar e linked t o a body 5 a n d o u r a ni m a l
ity whi ch ca no n ly b ed is t inguis h e d by a ne f f o rt o f a b s trac
ti o n is n ot se r e f o m hu m ni y T h e r epr e s en o n
’

p a a t r o u r a t . ta ti
of th e i n fe ri o r pa rts o f hu m an natu re t h e po rt rayal ev e , n of
thetu mul t th edisord e , r or th e d e
,
liriu m o f t hes enses is onl y ,

to b ef o rb i dde n to art i nso f ar as t h ereis mi ngled wi t h it as i n ,

s o meo f ou r co n te an e vid e n t int e nti o n

‘
mpo rary na turali s ts
’
,
 I L LUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

t e nd e ncy t o m i tigatg its e xc e ssivev irili ty and t h ee xc e

, ssi v e
hardn e ss re sul ting f ro m su c h e xc essi vev irili t y .

Ano t h e r e rror l ay in his ignoring th epo w er o f t h ei magin a

t ion . He reagain Boil e ,
au undoub t e dly kn e w by m e m ora bl e
e x a mpl e s that not hing is m oredange rous f or t h epoe t t h an t o
w ri t e as so m eo n
,
eh as s a id w i th his im aginat ion only and t o
, ,

all ow hi m s e l f to b ec a rri e d away by al l th eardor o f t his d e ce p

t i vepow e r . And w e w h o arec on tem porary w i th t h eFa l l
,

o f anAngel a n d th eLegend o f th eAge s w i t h Lam a rt ineand

.
,

V i c tor Hugo know t h is s t ill be

,
tt er Bu t f or h av ing t urne
. dup
sidedown t h et ru th o f t hings and f o r f ailing to re , c ogniz eth a t ,

i nspi t eo f all i ts e xc e ss es t h e i magina tion th at is t o say t h e

, ,

f ac ul ty o f t rans c e nding nat u r eo f e ve n se

,
eing in i t w h at is no t
th e re pro v id e
,
d only th at h e m ake u s s e e i t t h at i m ag i ,

n at ion rem ains t h e s u pre m e f ac ul ty o f th e po e t his origin a l ,

a p t i tud e on ew hosepl ac ecanb esupplied by no o ther w i thou t

, ,

w hi c h on em ay indeed b ear tis t w ri ter orator b u t ne , , ve r po e t ,

f o r this i t i s t h at w earebound t o u pbraid him T h ere ason i s .

t h at h ehi m s e l f w as no t a po et .

O riginali t y in Boil e
,
au s s e
’
nseo f t h ew ord ne ve re xiste d sa v e
,

as origi n ali t y o f e xpre ssion or o f f or m 5 and i nt ru t h i t is so m e

thing if o n ,
em u s t t hink like al l th er e s t o f t h ew orld at le as t t o ,

sp e ak or w ri t elike on e se Bu t t his alo n ewill not su fl i ce ‘

lf . .

Take n li t erally and followed by art is t s l ess uprigh t t h an h i m

,

se l f th eth e
, ory o f Boil e au c ould n o t f a il t o r e su l t in t h egl o rifi
c ation of th ec o mmonpl ac eu nd e r th en am eo f th e u niv e rs al or ,
’

in t h eapo th e osis o f co m m on s e ns eu nd e r t h ena m eo f good ‘

se nse B u t th equ e
.
’
s tion is t o know w h a t is c om m on sense ,

an d wh e th e r i t w ereno t o f t ent i m e s be t te r to c all i t c o m m on

e rror or c o m m on lun ac y .

I f w elook f o r th es e c ret o f Boil e au s e nduring au th ori ty w e

’
,

sh all fi nd it now h e ree ls eth an i n t h is c onc urre nc e t his en tire ,

agre em e n t t his al m os t p e
, r f ec t c oin c id enc eo f his qu ali ti e s or
his d ef e c ts wi th th ec u st o m a ry d ef e c ts and th eav e ragequ ali
 I LLUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .
li
!

ti es o f th eFre nc h c h arac te r bo urge ois and c la ssi c T h ev e ,

ry .

qu ali ti es w hic h w em ost priz eto day good s e ns eand p e rs p i -

cu i t y logi c an
, d n atu raln e ss w i t and re a son aret hos et h at h e
,

poss e ssed 5 and as f or his f aul ts w es till hold by t h e m W h at , .

F re nch m an is th e r e f or e xam pl e w ho m t h evas t i m aginat ion

, ,

o f a Hugo do e s no t ast ound or s candaliz em u c h m oreth an i t

ex c it es his a d m iration ? A nd h o w m any aret h e reo f u s w h o
I do no t say und e rs ta nd b u t w h o appre c i at e w h o e
,
nj oy wh o , ,

lov e E nglish h u m or or G e rm an ge
‘
m fi th Conte m .
’

p o ra ry w i t h Louis X I V t his ,

F il s , f re
re o ncl e c o u s i n b eau
, , , f ré rede gre
-
fii e
rs ,

i m i tati ng th epri nc ew hosepoli c y i t w as to op e n to th et hird

estat et h ew ay t o gre a t c i vil e m ploy m e n t s h as s u bs t it u t ed f o r a ,

hundre d and fi f ty ye ars his bourg e ois ide al f o r t h e w holly

a ri s t o c rat i c ide al o f t h epo e t s w h o pr ec ede d h im W hat .

e v er w em ay say t his id e al F r e
,
n c h as it is m us t h avebe
,
e n ,

so m e w h a t hu m a n as well si n c ef or tw o c e ntu rie

,
s f ore ign e rs h av e

be e n se eking t o bend th e ir g e nius to i ts yoke .

[ B E T I i-
zR E , L
’
E vol u tz on f i e nr e
Ge
’

R UN s s, 1 . 1 4

I f w elook m or ec los e
ly em at te r w esh all d is c over that
at t h ,

i t is n o t tw o or t hre ep eri o ds vagu ely dis tinguish ed f ro m o ne ,

a no th e r by c hronology t h at w ehave to s tudy in th ehist o ry

, ,

how e ve r cursory o f cri t 1c1s m b u t th at t h e

,
rearea t l e as t s e
,
ve n
or e ight c h arac t e
,
riz ed by ve ry pre c iset rai t s .

1 . I n t h efi rs t period w hi c h m ay b em ad et o e xt e nd f ro m
1
55 0 t o a bou t 1 6 05 an d w hi c h is t,erm i n ated by t h e n am e s
an d w ork o f Du B ell ay at onee x trem e and o f M alherbea t th e ,

—
ot h er c ri t i c ism still un c ertain o f i ts obj ect a nd i ts m et hod s
, ,

an d c on f ront e d w i th anc ien t m as te rpi ece s w hi c h h ad b een

kno wn i t is t ru e f o r a long w hile b u t w hic h areno w und e
, ,
r ,

s tood f o r t h efi rs t ti m e e nd e av o rs t o r e ,
c ogniz e t o analyz e to , ,
 Ii i I LLU ST RA TI VE CO M M E NT S .

de
fine,
t o c atalogueth em e ans t h e r e
,
a sons an , d th ec aus e s of
t h ei m pr e ssion whi c h th e s ew orks prod u c e .

2 Thesere
. asons an d t he sec aus es b e i ng onc ere c ogniz e d ,

c ri ti c is m e nde av ors t o t rans f or m t h e m in t o rul e s o f a rt Sinc e

.

an alysi s dis c o ve rs t h at th eTe ren ti an c o m e dy f o r exa m ple or

, ,

t h e V irg i li an e pi c pl e
, as ebe caus eand by m e ans o f ce rt ai n
me ri ts we l l and duly l abeled t h e at t e
, ,
m p t is m ad e to fi n d
me ans re ,
c ip e s, or pro ce ss e s f o r re produ c ing t h e sem e ri ts and ,

t hus t o in t rodu c eb e au ti e s in t o w orks along w i t h rul e s This .

se c ond p e riod in t h ehist ory o f F re n c h c ri ti c is m l as te d f ro m

1 6 1 0 t o abou t 1 6 6 0, 01 — i f you pre fe r t i tl e s and nam e s
f ro m t h epubli c at ion o f Ch ape l ain s Pref ac eto t h eAdon and
’
e
t h efi rst Le tt e rs o f Bal z ac t o th eappe aran c eo f t h efi rs t Sat ire s
o f Boile au .

3 . For Boil e a u t a k e s a s t ep in a d v a n c e ; a n d t h es e rul e s

w hos esol epr e te nsion h ad hi th e rt o b e e n t h at th ey h ad be en
obs erv ed by th eanc i e n ts t h eserul es i t is th ere
,
al origin ali ty o f

t h e l aw gi v e r o f Parnas sus to h av eso u gh t to e

'
s t ablish at onc e
in n at ureand r e ason . Boil e au e nd eavors t o show t hat i f th e
rul e s agreew i th th eprac ti c eo f Ho m e r and Pindar s till m ore ,

do th e y w i th th et ru th o f n atureas obs e rvat ion re ve als i t t o

u s an
, d w i t h t h eau t hori ty o f re a son su c h as al l m e
, n agr e ei n
re c ogniz ing by th at nam e This is a t hird p e
. riod an , d it e x

te nds f rom 1 6 6 0 to 1 6 80 or 1 6 90 f ro m t h et riu m ph al e

,
ntry of
Boil e au on t h e s tag et o t h efi rs t attac ks dir e c te d agai nst his
do c t ri ne s by th ec ha m pions o f th eMod e rns .

4 . W i t h t h e Dispu t e b e t w e e n t h e An c i en t s a n d t h e Mod em s ,

f ro m 1 6 80 t o abo u t 1 7 30 an ,
d f ro m Pe rraul t t o Vol taire w e ,

h av ea ne w pe riod as in te re s t ing a s any and ye , t b u t i m pe rf ec tly

known A f ew wi t s
. o f w ho m i t m us t un f or tun at e ly b esaid
t h at t h e y s eem in gene ral t o h aveb een ra th er eccentric t han
c our ge a ous d e — c lare w ar on th e anc i e nt s in o t h er w ords
,

on t radi t ion and in th e na m e o f a c onf us e

, ,
d ide a o f prog

re ss, dema nd f or th eau thor th erigh t t o belong t o his o wn

 I LLU ST R AT I VE COM M E NT S .
liii

ag e w hi c h is qui t eright and t o be l ong to no o th e

, , r w hi c h is ,

mu c h morec ont e s tabl e Th e y only h al f w ay f ail b u t t h e

. n ,

th e y only hal f w ay su cc e e d T h ere asons f o r t h is p art ial su c

.

ce ss arevariou s as weshall s e ,
e5 at pre se n t w em ay say t hat
t h ep rin c ip al on e s are ( 1 ) t h eir p e rsonal inabili ty to e qu al
t hos ea n c i e nts w hom th e y attac k to overc om eby t h e ,
ir E c logu es
thos eo f Th e o c ri tu s and by St Paulinus th eO dysse
,
. y 5 ( 2 ) th e
pe rpl e xi t y in to w hi ch Boile a u h ad t hro wn t h e m f ro m t h eo u t
se t by post ul at ing t h eimi tat ion o f n atur eas t h ef ound at ion an
,
d
me as u r eof t h erul e s in his A rt o f Po e t ry ; ( 3) an d fin all y t h e ,

e rror whic h t h e y pe rp e t ratec on c e rning th enatureand s c op e

of t h eid e a o f progre ss .

This d e c id e s V ol t aire t h ec hi e f li t er ary au thori t y o f t h e

5 .
,

e igh t e e nt h ce ntury to takehis s tand thou gh a f te

,
r someh e si
ta t i o n on th esideof Boile au I f ce rtain ind e
. pe nd ents like ,

Did e ro t f o r e
,
xam ple s triveto re ,
sis t w i thou t ve ry well know
,

ing w h y th e ,
ir pro t e stations re ma in in e ff e c t u al I t is n e ce ss a ry
.

to w ai t n ot only u n til R ouss e au sh all app e a r b u t un til a n e w,

ge ne rat ion shall pe rc e iv e th e c onse qu en c e s o f his v ie ws .

Me a n w hil e i t is V ol tairew h o is followed ; i t is f ro m Volt aire

,

t h at t h eM arm o n te l s an d Lah arp e s de rive5 in a w ord i t is th e ,

p rin c iples and id e as o f Boil e au o f te n c on trac t e d b u t som e ,

t im e s e xpand e d by V oltaire w hic h c ont i nu et o ru l e in o ri t i

ci s m a n ,
d to o cc u py t h efif t h p e riod that w hi c h w ewill acc ord,

in gyl ex t end f ro m 1
73 0 t o 1
7 8 0 or 1 79 0 .

6 . He rebe gins th ehist o ry o f m od ern c ri ti c ism and w i th i t ,

a n e w pe riod I will not ei ts c hi e

. f div isions by s aying
A That w it h M ad am e de St ae
. l and Ch at e aubri and at t h e ,

be ginning o f th e c e ntury a knowledge st ill quitesu perfi cial

, , ,

o f f ore ign lit e rat ure s and a knowle dge hardly m oree
,
xact o f an
older p ast oblige our au t hors by gi ving th e
, ,
m th eide a of n e w
be au t i es whi ch aret o b efound nei th e
,
r in o u r nation al classi c s
nor in t h ean c ie n ts to ve r i f y f or t h efi rs t t i m e t h e validi t y a n
,
d
t h esubs tan c eo f th e ir rules .
li v I LLUST R A T WE co sm rz ms .

B
. T ha t wi t h Vill e
m ai n f ro m w h os e nam e
,
i n t h is co n
q u es t t h os eof
,
G u iz o t an d C ou s i n can hardl y b ese p ara t ed
th e reis add e d to t h ec ha n geo f tas t eca u se d b y t h ekn o wle d ge
o f f ore i gn l i te ratu re s an d o f h is tor y a c hangen o le ss p ro f ou n d
w rou gh t b y a w id e r e x act e r and o ne m ay say t otall y ne
, , , w ,

kn ow l e dge o f t h ere lati o n s be tw e e n l i te ra ry prod u c ti o n s an d

t h ee p o c h s i ns t i t u ti ons
,
f o r m an d s t ru c t u
, r e o f t h e so ci e
t y w h os e
e x pre ss i o nt h e y are .

C Tha t wi th Sa inteBe
. u v e t h ef o u n d ati on is w ide
-
ne d th e ,

p o in t o f vi e w s h i f te d an d t h e m e t h o d s o f c ri ti c is m tran
, s f o r m ed
by psy ch ology phy si ology and t h ec onsid e , rat ion o f h o w e
, ach

w ork is re l ate d not onl y to i ts ep oc h b u t to i ts aut hor his , ,

te m pe ram e nt and h is e du ca tion .

I ) Fin ally t h at w i th Ta in e c ri t i c ism aspire

.
,
s t o be c o m ea
sci e nc ee ve n i f it d oe
, s n o t su cc e ed 5 and t ha t in any ev ent i t , ,

se eks t o suppl e me nt i ts m e an s o f in f or m ati on by th em e ans

i f I m ay u se th ete rm — b y th e m e t hod s an d pro c e sses o f ,

natural h is to ry .

4 . T I I E T R A NSLAT I O N S A ND T R A NSLATO R S .

r/i on N n
[ I h )
'

a ry o f a ti o a l B i og r ap hy .

l l ow e s F ran ci s ( 1 7 7 6
, t ransl ator f ou r th son o f t h e ,

Re v Th o mas l l owe s o f Morning thorp e Norfolk by Su san

.
, , ,

( l au gh te r of l ran
i cis Li n geo f Spi nwo rth in th e sam e c ou n ty ,

was b o rni n1 7 7 6 , an d was e du c ated at t h e Norw ic h gram m a r

sch o ol He e . n te re d Trini ty College C am bridge in 1 7 9 4 , , ,

g ra d u at ed B A i n 1 79 8 a
. s .el e v en t h w r a ngl e r an d pro ,

ce e de d M A in 1 804 I n 1 7 99 h e obtain e d t h e m em bers ’

. . .

p ri z e H i s.c hi ef c o ll eg e f ri end w a s J ohn ( a f t erw a rds Sir J ohn )

William s th ej u dge , , w h o s u b s e
q u en tly a llowed hi m a

ye ar Heh e
. ld variou s c urac i e s and i n1 8 1 5 b e c am ea m inor,
 I LLUST RA T I V E CO M M E NT S .
lv

c a non o f Norwi c h C at h e dral a f terwards hold ing t h e re c t ori es ,

su cc e s si vely o f Ald e rford ( f ro m 1 8 2 6 ) and o f Fra mingh a m

Pigo t ( f rom Hedi e d at No rwic h in 1 844 and was ,

b u ri ed in th ewe s t Clois ter o f th eca t h e d ral Hem a rri e d early .

Susan Sm ith son and l ef t i ss u e; o ne o f h is sist e

, rs M a rga r e t , ,

m a rri e d E dward H aw k i ns and w as t h e m ot h er o f E dward ,

H awkins prov ost o f O ri el

, .

Ho w es publish e d t h e following transl ati ons int o E nglish

ve rs e: 1 Mis c ellan e
. ous Poeti ca l Translat ions London 1 8 06 , , ,

T h e Sati re s of Pe rsi u s w i t h No t e s London 1 8 09

’

8 v0 . 2 .
, , , ,

8v 0 .
3 T h e E pod
. e s an d S ec u l a r O d eo f Ho ra c e Norw i c h , ,

8v o pri vate ly print e d 4 T h e Fi rs t B oo k o f Horac es ’

1 84 1 , , . .

Sa t ires pri vately prin te

,
d Norw i c h 1 84 2 8v 0 A f ter his
, , ,
.

de at h his son C How e s pu blish ed a c oll ec t ion o f his t ransl a

,
.
,

t ions London 1 8 4 5 8v 0
,
T h em e
,
ri t o f his t ra nsl a t ions w as
,
.

re c og n iz ed by Coningt onin t h e pref ac et o h is v e rsion o f th e

sat ir es and e pis tl es o f Horac e How es c o m pos ed epitaphs f o r .

various m onu ment s in Norw ic h C ath e dral .

[J O HNS0N, L if eof P i tt ]

Christoph er Pi tt o f w ho m w h at e ver I sh all re

,
l at e m oret h an ,

h a s be e n alread y pu blish e d I ow et o t h ekind c o m m u ni c at ion o f ,

.
Dr W art on w as bo rn i n 1 6 99 at Bl and f ord t h eson o f a physi
.
, ,

ci anm u c h e steem e d Hew as in 1 7 1 4 re ceiv ed as a s ch ol ar in t o

.
, ,

W in c h e s te r College w h ereh ew as dis t ing u ish ed by e

,
xerc ises o f
u n c o m m on e leganc e and at his rem oval t o Ne w College
, ,

in 1 7 1 9 pres e nt ed to t h e e
,
lec t ors as t h e prod u c t o f his ,

privat e and vol u n t a ry stu die s a c o m pl et e v ersion o f Lu cans ,

.
’

po em w hi c h h e did no t t h en k no w t o h ave b ee
,
n t rans
l ated by R o w e This is an insta nc e o f e . arly dilig enc e w hi c h
well des erve s t o b e rec orde d T h e su ppre ssion o f su c h a .

w ork re c om me
,
nde d by s u c h unc o m m on c irc u m s t anc e s i s to ,

b e re gre t te d I t is inde ed c u lpable t o load libra ri es w i t h

.
lv i I LLUST R A T IV E CO M M E NT S .

su p er fl u ou s books b u t in c i t e
,
m e n ts to e a rly e x c e ll en c e are

ne ve r su perflu ou s and f ro m t his e ,

xam pl e t h e dang e r is no t
gre at o f m a ny i m i tat ions .

Wh e n h eh ad re sid e d at his College thre ey e ars h ew as p re ,

s ente d to t h e r e c tory o f Pi m p ern in Dors e t shire by

his re l ation M r Pi tt o f Strat f e
,
. i l d se
,
a in H a m pshire5 a n d te ,

signing his f e llo w ship c ont inu e d at O x f ord tw o y e

,
ars longe r ,

t ill h ebe c am e M as te r o f Arts H e probably abou t

t his t i m et ransl at e d V ida s A rt of Po e t ry
’
w hi c h Tris t ram s ,
’

s plendid e di t ion h ad t he n m ad epopul ar I nt his t ra nslat ion .

h edisti ng u ish e d hi m sel f bo t h by i ts ge ,

n eral e le gan c eand by
t h eskilful ad ap tat ion o f his nu m be rs t o t h ei mage se x p re ss ed a ,

be au t y w hi c h V id a h as w i t h gre at ardor e n f orc ed and e x empli

fie d .H et h e n ret ir ed t o his living a pl ac ev e ry pl e
,
asing by i t s

si tu at ion and t heref ore likely t o e

,
xc i te th e i m agin at ion o f a
poet w h ereh epassed t h e re
,
s t o f his li f e re ve re nc e d f or his
,

v irtu eand belov ed f o r t h eso f tn e

,
ss o f his tem pe r and t h ee a si

n ess o f his m anne rs B e f ores t ra nge

. rs h eh ad so m e t h i ng o f t h e
s cholar s t i m idi ty or dis t ru st b u t w h e
’
n h eb e ,
c a mef am ili ar h e
w as in a v e ry high d e gre ec he e rf ul and e n terta ining His ge n .

e r al b e ne vol enc eproc u re d ge ne r al r e sp ec t 5 and h ep ass ed a

life pl ac id and honorabl e n ei th er to o great f or t h ekindness o f
,

t h elow nor too l o w f o r t h eno t i c eo f t h egre

,
at .

A t w h at t i m eh eco m bos e d his m is c e llany publish ed in 1 7 2 7 , ,

i t is n ot e asy nor n e ce ssa ry t o kno w ; t hos ew hi c h h aved a te s

app e a r t o h av ebe e n ve ry e arly produ c t ions an d I h aveno t oh ,

s erv e d t h at any riseabovem e dio c ri ty .

T h esu cc e ss o f his V ida ani m at e d h i m t o a high e r u nd e rt ak

ing and in his thirti eth year h e pu blish e

,
d a v ersion o f th e
fi rs t book o f th ef E n e i d This be ing I s u ppos ec omm en d ed by
.
, ,

his f ri e nds h eso m et i m eaf te

,
rwards added t hre eor f ou r m ore ,

wi t h anad ve rt isem e n t in w hi c h h ere prese n ts hi ms e l f as trans

lating w i th gre a t indi f f e renc eand w i t h a progress o f w hi c h h i m
,

self w as hardly c ons c ious This canh ardly b etru e and i f t ru e

.
, , ,
l viii I LLU ST R A T I V E CO M M E NT S .

[ S E dz l z o nof D ry de
n,
' '

CO 1T 5
’

,
1 .

This pie ce [ t h e t ra nsl at ion f ro m Boil eau ] w as ins e rte d

a m ong Dryd e n s W orks upon au thori t y of t h efollowi ng ad v e
’
, r

ti s eme nt by his publish e r J ac ob Tonson .

This t ranslat ion of Monsi e u r Boil e au s A rt of Po e t ry w as

’

m ad ein t h ey e ar 1 6 8 0 by Sir W illi a m So am e of Su f f olk Bar

, ,

one t 5 w h o be ,
ing v ery int i m ate ly ac q u ainted w it h M r D ryd e n .
,

de sired his re visal of it I saw t h e m anus c rip t li e in M r

. .

Dryd e n s hands f or abovesix m on ths w h o m ad e v e

’
ry c on ,

s id e rab l e al t erat ions in i t p arti c ularly th e b e ,

gi nning of th e
Four t h C an t o 5 an d i t being his opinion t h at i t would b ebett e r
t o apply t h epoem t o E nglish w rit e rs th an k e e p t o t h e Fr e nc h
n am e s as i t w as first t ranslat e
, d Sir W illia m d e sire d h ewould
,

ta k et h ep a ins to m a k e t h at al te rat ion ; and acc ordingly th at

w as e nt irely done by M r Dryd e n . .

“
T h epo e m w as fi rs t publish e d in th ey e ar 1 6 8
3 Sir W illi a m .

w as af t e r s ent a m ba ss ador t o Constan t inopl e in t h e re ign of ,

K ing J a m e s b u t died in t h ev oyage J T

,
— ”
. . .

To gi vew e igh t t o T o nso ns au thori ty i t m ay b e added t h at

’
,

gre at p art of t h epoem b e a rs m a rks of Dryd e n s polishi ng h and ’

,

an d th at so m ee n tirepass ages show at onc e his taste in cri ti

ci s m princ ipl e
,
s and pre ,
j u dic es .
 HOR ACE S ART OF P OET R Y
’

W IT H T HE T R A NS L A T I O N BY HOWES .

U P P O SE so m ep ainte r f o r th ewhi m shoul d t rac e, ,

A ho rs es ne ck w i t h hum an h e
’
ad an d f ac e ,

And li m b s f ro m various ani m als e xpre ss ed

I n plum age of as various hu e s inv e st ,

So t h at t h esam ef an tas t i c pi e cem ay show

A f air m aid upw ards a foul fis h b e lo w , ,

We reyou ad m i t t e d t o t h em o tle y sigh t ,

Me thinks you d laugh my f ri e nds and well you migh t

’
.
, ,

Ye t not le ss st ra nge my Pisos t o th ee , ar ,

O f sobe r se nset ha t po e m mus t app e ar ,

Whi c h d e als in sh ap e s e x travaga nt and v ai n ,

Wild as th eph ant o m s o f a f e ve rish brain 5

Whe re no tw o m e
, mb e rs to onew hol ere ferre d ,

All is grote squ e in c o ngruous and absurd

, ,
.

Pai nters ( you ll say ) and b ards th eworld agre

’
es , ,

U M ANO c ap i t i cervi cem p i c tor equ i nam

J gu n ere s i v e l i t et v a
, ri a s i nd u c e
r e p l u m as

Und i qu eco l la ti s m e m b r is u t t u rp i te , r at ru m

De s in a t i n isce
p m m u l i e
r f or m o sa s u p e
r n e ,

Sp e cta t u m a dm i ss i r is u m te ne at is am i c i ?,

Cr e d i te P i s o n
, e s is ti ta b u l aef or el ib ru m
,

Pe rs i m i l em c u j u s ve
, l u t zagri som n ia v an ae

Fi ngentu r s pec ies u t nec pes nec cap u t u ni

,

Re d dat u r f o rmae . P icto rib u s a tq u ep o e t is

 ge
A rep ri vil e d to d ar ew h at flight s t h e y ple as e .
’

W eownt hat m uc h is due f or li ce ns e sak e ’

,

And giveit f re e ly as w ef re ely take5

Bu t l et th e m s t op w h e ren at urest ops at l e as t ,

Nor c ouple tam ew i t h sav age bird w i t h be as t,

.

Po e m s of high atte m p t an d prom is evas t

O f t d windle to a dre a ry v oid at las t ,

W i th h er eand t h e rea purpl ere m na nt found

Tagge d on t o t hrow a taw d ry glarearou nd .

Diana s shrin ee
'
m bo w e red in tu f te d sh ad e s ,

Wi t h s t re
am l et s t ri c kling t hrough t h ev e rd an t gl ad e
s ,

T h es tat e ly R hin e th eb ow th at sp ans t h esky

, ,

By tu rns like t ins e

,
l t rappings c atc h th ee y e ,
.

No t th at su c h th e me s we ll ti med arevoid o f grac e5

,
-
,

Th e y areno t b ad 5 b u t t h e y areou t of plac e .

Say ti s your knac k t o draw a c ypre

’
ss t ree -

W h at t h en ? you r ehire d t o p ain t a s torm at s e

’
a

For so m ew reck e d s ailor I f th ew h e . e l be gi n

A vas e w h y s tarts m eup a nipp e
,
rkin
I n short t o m ark this m axi m ne
,
ve r ce as e

Le t all yo u w ri teb eo n eand of a pi e ce .

Q u i d l ib e
t au de
nd i ems p er f u i t acq u a p o t e s t a s .
’

Soi m u s e t h an c veni am p etim u s qu eda m u s qu ev ici ss i m ,

Se d n o n u t p l a ci d i s co e an t i mm it i a n on u t
,

Se rp entes av ib u s gem i nent u r t igrib u s agni

,
.

In ce t i s gra v i b u s l e m u ee t m g n a f e ss i s
p p ru q a p r o

P u rp u re u s l a tequ i spl e
, nde at u n
,u s e t al te r
A ds u i t u r p a n nu s cu m l u c u s e
, t ara D i an ae

E t p rop e ra n t is aq u a: p e r a m oe nos am b i t u s agr os

A u t flu me n R he nu m a u t pl u v i u s d e s cri b i t u r a r c u s .

Sed nu nc no n erat h is l o c u s E t f o rtas s ecu p ress u m

.

Sc i s s im u l at e; q u id h o c s i f ra cti s e na tat e xs e
, p s
Nav ib u s ae red ato qu i p i ngi tu r ? A m ph ora coe p i t
I nst i t u i ; cu rrent ero ta cu r u rc eu s ex i t ?
Be ni qu es i t qu od v is s i m pl ex d u mtax at et u nu m .
 De ar sire an d o fls prin e
'

, g w or t hy of your sir
Webards aredupe s t o w hat ou rs e lv es ad m ire .

Would I b ebri e f I gro w c o n f us e

,
d and c o arse5
W ho ai ms at sm oothn ess f ails in fi reand f orce5 ,

I n hi m w h o so ars alo f t bombas t is found 5 ,

Who f e ars t o f ac et h e tempe st c rawls aground , .

W ho c ourt s varie t y an d f ain woul d ring

,

A thousa nd c hange s on th es e l f sam es t ring ,

Will p ain t as twe ,

rein f an c y s wilde
’
st mood ’
,

Boa rs in th ew av eand dolphins in t h ew ood .

Thus e ve ne rror shunn e d wit hou t addre

,
ss ,

Bre e ds e rror di f f e re nt in i ts kind no t le ss ,

.

T h em e an es t hand at s c ulp t uresh all no t f ail

To h i t t h ew av ing hair or mold a n ail ,

Ye t m ars t h etou t e me mble sin c ehis so u l

-
,

Lacks e ne rgy t o grasp a p e rf e c t w hole .

Ge nius t hus c ircu m s c ribe d should I as p ire ,

T O w orks of tas te I would no mored e ,

sire ,

Th ansho c k wi t h hid e ous nosee ac h p as s er by -

,

Prais e d f o r my j e t ty h air an d sloe blac k e y e -

.

Fi rst y eth at w ri te m ark well your prop e

, ,
r field 5

M ax im a pa rs v atu m , pat e r et j u v enes patred igu i ,

De c i er ec t i Br ev is ess el ab oro,
ci pi m u r S p e .

O b s cu ru s fio ; ect antem l e
s vi a ner v i
De f i ci u nt an im i qu e ; p ro f e s s u s gra n d ia tu rge t5
Se rp i t b u m i t u t u s n i m i u m ti m i d u s qu e p ro ce llae .

Q u i vari arec u p i t re m p ro d i g i a l i t e r u n am ,

De l ph i n u m Si l v i s a
pp g i n i t fl u ct i b u
, s a p ru m .

I n v i ti u m d u ci t c u l paef u ga s i c aret a r te , .

[ E m il i u m c ir c a l n d u m f ab er i m u s et u ngu es
E x p ri m e t et molles i m i tab i tu r ae rec apill os ,

I nf e l ix o pe ri s s u mma qu i a po ner et otu m

,

Ne sci e .t H u nc e g o m e s i q u id , c o m p o n er e c u r e
m ,

No n m agis e ss ev e l i m q u am nas o v i v e
, r ep rav o ,

Sp e ct a n du m n igris o cu l is nigroqu e capillo .

Su mi te mate ri am v e s tri s qu i s cri b i ti s , ac u a m

, q
 HOR AC E .

Let e
ac h se lect so m et h e mew hi c h h ecanwield 5
And e reh etax his should e
, rs w e igh wit h care ,

W ha t f r e ight t h e y cana nd w h at t h e y canno t b e ar .

His pe nsh all w ords a r e ady hos t at t e nd ,

And m e t hod ligh t h i m t o his journ e yse nd ’

.

O f me t hod t his I deem t h ep rid ean d grace

Wh atee r is said t o s ay i t in due plac e
’
, ,

Mu c h t o re servet ill ap t o cc as ion c all ,

Tak ethis l e av et h at an
, d fi tl y ti m ei t all
,
.

I n c hoi c eof di c t io nwould you b ead m ire d ,

Ni cecareand shre w d adroi tn ess is re quire d .

So m e ti me s a de xtrous phras eshall c h e at t h evi ew ,

And lend t o well known w ords t h eai r of ne

-
w .

Bu t if ne e d b eabst ruse r t hough t s t o dre ss ,

And in ne w te r ms ne w not ions to e xpre ss ,

W e ll grant you now and th e

’
n t o f ram ea w ord
W hi c h t h ehigh girt Ce th e
-
gi n e v er h ea rd 5
Nor sh all su c h f re e do m s i f dis cre e tly use d
,

An d tak e n wi t h re serve b eee r re f us e

,
d ’
.

Bu t thos ele as t shoc k t h ee ar w hi c h t rac et h e ir c ou rs e ,

Wi t h sligh t d e fle x i on f ro m a Gre c i an sourc e

,
.

V i ri b u e
s, t ve rsat ed i u q u i d f err e rec asent ,

Q u id v al e a n t h u m e ri : c u i l e c t a p o t e n t er er i t r e s ,

Ne c f ac u n dia de se r et h u nc nec l u c i d u s ord o .

O rd i ni s h ae c vi r tu s eri t et venu s a u t ego f al l or

, ,

U t j am n u n c di cat j am nu nc d eb enti a d i c i ,

Ple raqu e di fie rat e t p rae se ns i n te m p u s o mi ttat ;

Hoc a m e t h o c s pe
, rn a t p ro m i ss i ca rm i n i s a u c t or .

I n verb is eti am tenu is cau tu s qu eserend is

Di x e ri s e g gr e i e , n o t u m s i ca l l id a v e r b u m
Re dd i de ri t j u n c tu ra nov u m Si f or tenec essee
. st

In d i ci i s m o n s t r at e re ce ntib u s ab d i ta r e ru m ,

F i nge reci nct u tis non ex au d ita Cet h egis

Co nti n g e t , d a b i t u r q u e l i c e nt i a s u m p t a pu de n t er ;
E t nov a fict aqu enu pe r h ab e bu n t ve rb a fid em s i ,

G rae co f o n tec ad e nt parcedeto rta Qu id au te

, . m
 H ORA CE .

[ —
68 8 1

Su c h aret h y nobl e st w orks and su c h d e ,

c ay 5
And shall t h esh ado wy t ribe s o f langu ag es tay ?
Sh all sp e ec h aloner e sis t Ti m es e nv ious t oo t h
’
,

And liv e and fl o u ri s h in p e renni al you th ?

Fu l l m any a w ord n o w los t aga in sh all ris e
, , ,

And m any a w ord shall droop w hi c h now w epri z e ,

As s h i f t ing f ashion s ta m ps th edoo m o f e ac h ,

So le u m pire arbi t re ss and guid eo f spe

, , ech .

W h at nu m be rs su it t h ed aring b ard wh o sings

E m b at t l e d host s and kings e nc ount e ring k ings ,

Ho m e r h as show n I n c oupl e. t s shor t an d long

Firs t p e nsiv esorrow poure d he r pl ain t iv esong 5

I n af te r ti m e s al though th ew ish w e
-
,
regain e d
And t e ars g av epl ac et o s m il e s t h ev ers erem aine
, d5
Bu t e le gy s so f t l ay w h o firs t st ru c k ou t
’
,

Cri tic s st ill argu eand t h ec ourt s in doubt ’

.

R ageg av eArc hilo c hus a lo f ti e r t one ,

And arm e d h i m w i t h i ambi c s al l his o w n .

Th e s edid th eso c k and th e seth eb u skin ed m us e ,

As sui te d t o disc ours eal te rnate c hoose , ,

A me asur ef or li f e s bu s tling ac t ion fi t

’

D o ctu s m ort al i a f a c ta p e
iter me
l iu s,rib u nt,

du m se
Ne rm o nu m s te
t b on os et grat i a v i v ax .

M u l ta enas ce
r nt u r q u aej am occ i d e
, r e cad entqu e
,

Q u aenu nc s u nt i n h o nor ev o cab u l a s i v ol et u s u s , ,

Q u em p enes arb i tri u m es t et j u s et nor m a l o q u end i .

Re s ge s taere g u m q u e d u c u m q u e e t t ri s t i a b e ll a
c ri i en n e ro m n ra v i t H o m e r
Q u o s b p o s s t u m o s t u s .

Ve rs i b u s i m p a ri t e r ju n ct i s q u e ri m o ni a pri m u m ,

P os t e ti a m i n c l u s a es t v oti s ententi a c om pos .

Q u i s tam en ex ig u os el egos em is eri t a u c tor ,

G r a m m at i c i ce rt an t e t a d h u c s u b j u d i c el is e st .

A rch il o ch u m p ro p rio r ab i e s a rm av i t i a m b o ;

H u nc s o cc i ce p e re p ed e m g r a n d e s q u e c o t h u r n i ,

A l te rn is apt u m s e rmo n ib u s e t p o pu l at e
, s
 ]
32- 95 ART OF POET R Y .

And t ow e ring o e r t h et hund e r of th ep it

’
.

T O t h ebo ld lyr et h ef avoring Mus eh as gi ve n

T O c h an t th epo w e rs and proge ny o f H e av en ,

T h ec h am pion c row n e d t h ec onq u e ring courser s ’

,

Lov es t e
’
nd er c are s and joys of g e
, ne rous w ine .

To gi v ee ac h pi e c ei ts m arke d sp e cifi c h u e ,

Hi t th eni c esh ad e s and ke ep th ec oloring t ru e ,

If n iggard natu ref e els a task too h ard ,

W hy a m I honore d wi th th ena meo f bard ?

W hy blush to le arn i f ignora n t an
,
d pre fer , ,

R at h er th an mend m y e rror s t ill to e rr ?

,

T h ec o m i c s c e n ere vol ts at be ing told

I nv e rseof tragic te x turest rong and bold 5
Nor l e ss Thye ste s horrid f e
’
as t disd ains

T h eso c k s ligh t c hi t c h at an d c ollo qui al st rain s

’
-
.

Le t bu t e ac h s t yl ee njoy i ts prop e r pl ac e ,

E ac h sh all app e ar w i t h digni ty an d grac e .

Ye t Co m e dy at ti m e s he r voi c ecanrais e ,

And w rat h f ul Ch re me s ra ils in s w elling phras e .

T h etragi c he ro t o o su bd u e ,
d by w o e s ,

St oops f ro m his heigh t to wail in ho m e ly prose

Vi nce
nte
m repi tu s et nat u m reb u s agend is
st .

M u s a de d i t fid i b u s d i v o s p u e ros qu e d e o ru m

E t p u gilem v i cto re m e t e u u m ce r t am i n e p ri m u m
q
E t j u ve nu m c u ras et l i b e ra v i na ref erre .

De s cri tas s e
p rv a r e v i c es o p e ru m q u e c o l or es

Cu r e g o s i ne qu eo i g n or o qu e p o et a s a l u t or ?

Cu r n e sci rep u d e ns p r aveq u a m d is ce rem a lo ?

Ve rs i b u s e x po n i t ragi cis re s c om i ca n o n v ol t .

In d ign at u r i t e m p ri vati s a o p ro pes o cc o

D i g m s carm i m b u s n a rr at i c e na T h ye s tae .

Si n gu l a qu ae q u elo c u m te n e an t s or t i t a d e c en t e
m .

Inte
rd u m t am e
net vo c e
m co m o e
d1a to l l i t,

I rat u sq u eCh reme s tu mido d e li t iga t o re;

t se
ru m qu ed o l e
E t tragi c u s pl e r m o nep ed es tri
 HOR A C E .
[ 96 - 1 08

Pe le u s an d Te lephus f orlorn and poor , ,

Spo u t t h e ir loud f usti an and big w ords no m ore ,

Would th ey o nethrob o f sy mpathy i m p art ,

And tou c h wi th k indre d pangs th eh e a re r s he ’

a rt .

’
Tis no t e nough th at po e t ry c o mbin e
All f an c y s c h arm s in e
’
ve ry sounding line 5
I m p assion e d le t he r b e an d me lt a t will
,

T h es oul t o pi t y or wi th horror t hrill

'

.
,

F ro m f ac et o f ac eas s m il e s c ontagious c re e p ,

So w e eps t h eacc ording e y e w i t h t hos e t h a t w e ep 5

W ho c l a i m s m y te ars m us t fi rs t displ ay his o wn
, ,

Th e n sh all I ca tc h his pangs a nd sharehis m oan .

Bu t if y eran t as i f no gri e f we reni gh ,

I f in your sp e ec h your s u fl e ri n e b eli e

'

g ys ,

Y ee x iled h e ro e s m au greall your w o e s ,

’
Tis te nto oneI e ith er laugh or doz e .

Sad w ords b e fi t th ebro w w i t h gri e f o e rh u n

’
g5
Ange r t h at fi re
,
s t h ee ye ball bids t h etongu e ,

Bre at h eproud d e fian ce 5 spor t i v e j es t a n d j e er

Be c o m eth egay 5 grav em ax i m s t h es e ve re .

For nature w orking in our ni cem ac hine

, ,

F irs t mold s t h ep assions to li f es fi t f u l s c e

’
ne ,

le
Te p h u s e
t Pe
leu s, m pau pe
cu r e t e x s u l u te rqu e

P ro i ci t am p u l l as et s e
sq u i e
p d a l i a v er b a ,

Si c u r at c or s p e cta n t is te t igi s s e q u e r el a .

No n s at is e s t p u l c h ra e s s ep o e m a ta ; d u l c i a s u n to ,

E t qu o cu m qu ev ol e nt ani m u m a u di toris ag u nto .

U t ri d e nt i b u s arri d e nt i ta fl enti b u s a ds u nt
,

Hu m ani v o l t u s : s i v i s m eHe re d ol end u m es t

,

P ri m u m i ps i t i b i ; t u nc t u a m ei n f o rt u ni a lae de nt ,

Te le p h e v e l P ele u ; m a l e s i m a nd a t a l o qu e ri s ,

A u t d o rm i tab o au t ri d e bo T ri s ti a m ae
. stu m

Vo l tu m v e rb a d ec ent iratu m pl ena m i naru m

, ,

Lu d e nte m l as c i v a s e,
ve ru m se ri a d i c t u .

F or m at e ni m nat u ra p ri u s nos i ntu s ad om ne m

 ]
1119 - 122 AR T OF PO ET R Y .

Glad de
ns goa ds to wrat h or f raugh t w i th care
, or , , ,

Drags d ownto earth m d wi n gs u s wi t h d e

s p ai r ;

P rom p t to p ro cl ai m e ach m ov e me nt o f ou r mi nd s .

Bn t if t h eacmi p l ay n o t to t h elif e
'

I f w ith hi s words his f ortu n es se em at strif e ,

Hi m knights and c o mmo n s horsean d f oo t sh al l sco f f

, , ,

An d ti tt e ri ng t hou s and s hoo t t h ebl und e re r of f .

E a c h sp e a ker le t hi s spe c h c haracte

e riz e
F or su r ea b roa d an d gla ring difie ren c eli e
'

s ,

Wh e th e r a god or h e ro mou n t t h estage

T h eb ris k yo u n g spa rk or manmatu reinage;
T h eda meo f rank o r n u rs eof p rat tli n g v ei n
T h ew an de ri ng se a ma n or t h epe acef ul s wai n5
On et h at Assyri a o r t hat C ol c hi s f e d5
Het h at a t Argos or at Th e be s w as bre d .

I np aint ing c h ara c te rs or follow f am e , ,

O r ke e p yo u r f an c y pie c et hroughou t th esam e

-
.

I f h aply t o th es tageyou summon back

Gre a t Pe le us son adh e ’
reto Home,
r s trac k ’

Proud s te ,
rn re l ent le
, ss brave th eh e ,ro d raw , ,

His ti tl ec onqu e s t and t h es word h is l aw

, .

F o rt u naru m
h ab i t u m ; j u va t au t i m p el l it ad ir am,
A u t ad h u m u m m ae roreg r av i d e d u cit e t angit
P os t e il ert ani mi m o tu s i nter p retel i ngu a
'

Si di ce nt is cru nt f or tu nia ab so na di c ta,

R o ma ni t o l l e nt equ i te s pe d i tes qu ecach i n nu m .

In tere ri t m u l t u m d i v u s n e l o q u a tu r a n h e ros ,

M at u ru s nes e ne x a n ad h u c fl o re ntej u venta

Fe rvi d u s e t ma tro n
, a po te ns a n se d u la n u t ri x ,

Me rca torn evagu s cu l tor ne v irent is agelli ,

Colch u s an A u yri u s T h e b is n
, u t ri t u s a n A rgis .

An t f am am se q u e re a u t sib i co n ve ni en t i a ti nge .

Scri pt or h o n orat u m s i f o rt e re p o n is A c h i l l em ,

I mp ige r i racu n
, d u s in ex ora b i l is a c e
, , r
j u ra n e ge t s i b i n a t a ni h i l, n o n u r o get a r m i s .
10 H OR AC E .
[ 1 21- 1 35

Fi e rc eb eM e de a an d un ta m e d by ill 5
I xion t re ac h erous and ungrat e f u l s t ill 5
In o a m o u rn e roe r he r sl augh t e re d c hild 5
’

I o anou t c as t 5 an d O re s tes wi ld .

Bu t if you d areto l aunc h upon t h est age

O riginals t h at n ee r grac e
’
d poet s p age ’
,

Le t the m on et e nor t o t h elas t pursu e ,

Consis t t hro u gho u t and to t h em s e l ve s b et ru e .

W i t h t ru t h s d isc ri m inat ing t rai ts t o fi l l

’

A ge ne ral ou t line as ks no vulgar skill 5

,

And saf er sh all t h eba rd his pe ne m ploy ,

Wi th yore to d ra mati z et h eTal eo f Troy

, ,

Th an v e ,
nturing t rackl e ss re gions t o e x plore ,

De line at ec h a rac t e rs un tou c h ed bef ore .

Ye t he reand th e ret h epu blic gro u nd sh all yield

O i privat epro p e rty anample fi e ld ,

I f ne ith e r in t h et ri t erou t iney ou plod ,

Th ereonly t reading w h e reth ere st hav et rod ,

No r w ord f o r w ord w i th s e rvil ec aret ransl at e ,

No r c los e
,
ly c opying leap in to a st rai t
,

Wh e nc ef e ar o f sh am ean d yo u r o wnrule t o b oo t
Forbid you t o re le as eyour tangl e d f oo t .

de
Sit M e a f e
rox i nvi ctaqu e fle
, b il is I no ,

Pe
rfi d u s I x io n I o v aga t ris tis
, , O re
s te
s .

Si q u id i nex p ertu m s oenaeco m m itt is et au d es

Pe rs o nam f or m a r enov am s erv etu r ad i m u m
,

Q u a l i s ah i nc e p t o p ro ce s s eri t et s i b i co n s t e t .

D iiii ci l ee s t p ro ri e c o m m u n
p i a d i c e r e; t u q u e
Re ct i u s I l i a c u m c a rm e n de d u cis i n a c t u s ,

Q u am s i p ro f erres i gno ta i ndi ctaqu e pri m u s .

P u bl i c a m ate s p ri v a t i j u ri s e
ri e ri t s i
,

No n c ir c a vi l e m p at u l u m qu em ora b e r is o rb e m ,

Ne ev erb u m v e rb o cu rab is redd ere fid u s

In te rp re s n , ec de s il i e s i m i tat or i n a rt u m ,

Und e p edem p ro f errep u d or v etet au t 0p eris l ex .

 —
1 35 1 50] A RT OF P O E TR Y . ll

O f Il iu m f ar f am e
nd h a pl e
d w ar s s ki n
’ ’
s g a
-
.

What arethi s boas t e r s p ro u d p re te nsi ons w o rt h

’

T hem ou n t ai nte em s an d gi v e s a t in h ou sebirt h !

,

M a rk w it h w h at si m pl em aj e st y t h est rai n

O f M m be g i ns w h o n e ve r vau n t s i n v a i n
Sing Muse th emanw ho w h e
,
nT m y s b u l wark s f e ll,
’
,

Tro d vari ou s re al ms an d m ar k e d th e i r m anne rs well

’
.

Wi t h h i m no t rans ient blaz ei nsm okeexpire s ,

Bu t f r o m th es m okebu rst f o rt h a bid ing fire s ,

Fro m w hi c h as f a n c y w orks ne
,
w wo nd e rs ri se ,

To flas h am a z e me nt on th erav ish e de ye s ,

An ti pha t e s Cha rybd i s ho w l ing w ave

,
’
,

T h edog s o f Sc yll a an d t h eCy clop s c ave

'
.
,

No r do e s b eru nhis s ubj e c t o u t of bre at h

I ndry d e ta il f ro m M e le age r s de at h
'

To Di om e d s re tu rn ; 11 01 y e t be gins
’

T h eTroj a n w ar f ro m Le d a and h e r t w ins 5

Bu t post ing onw ards brooking no d e ,

l ay ,

T 0 t h em id t h e m eh eboldly b u rs ts his w ay
-
.

Mu c h h eanti c ipate s as i f t we rekno wn 5 ’

Ne
c sic inci pi e
s, u t s c ri ptor
olim cy cl i cu s

F o rt u n a m P ri a m i ca n t ab o e t n ob il ebell u m
‘ ’
.

Q u i d d i gnu m tanto f eret h i c p ro mi ss or h i atu ?

P art u ri e nt m o nt e s nas ce
, tu r ri d i cu l u s m u s .

Q u ant o rect iu s h i c qu i nil mo l it u r i nepte

,

D i c m i h i M u s a vi r u m cap taep os t te , m p or a T rojae

Q u i m or es h o m i nu m m u l t oru m v i d i t e
t u r b e
s .
’

No n f u m u m e x f u l or e s e
g d ex f u m o d a r el u ce
,
m
Cogi ta t u t s p e
, c iosa d eb i no m ir ac u l a p rom at ,

An t i ph at en Scyl l am qu e e t cu m Cy cl o peCh aryb d i n;

Nec re d i t u m D iom e
d is ah i nteri t u Me leagri ,

Nec ge m i no bell u m T roj an u m ord i tu r ah o v o .

Se
m pe r ad ev ent u m f es ti nat et i n m ed i as re s

No n s ecu s ao notas au d it o re m t ap i t e t qu a: ,

Desp erat t ractata ni tescerep oss e rel inqu i t ; ,

12 HO R A CE .
[ 1 51 - 1 63

Mu c h t h at h ef e els would ti reh el e t s alon e 5

And so adroi tly m ingl e s f als ewi t h t ru e ,

So w i t h his f air illusions c h e at s t h evi e w ,

Th t al t h ep art s
a l — beginning middle end , ,

I no n eh arm onious c o m pound s wee tly blend .

He ar n o w w h at I an d al l th et o w n d e m ands ,

I f you would h aveyour audi e nc ec l ap th e ir b ands ,

I npat i e nc es e at ed till t h ec urtain draws

And th el as t sp e ak e r bo w s and be gs applau s e .

M ark in eac h s tageo f life h o w natureve ers ,

T h et e m pe r varying w ith t h evarying ye ars .

W h at t i m eth etongu eh as m as te re de ve ry sou nd ,

And st e ad i er f oo ts teps l e arn t o prin t t h eground ,

Be hold th es choo lboy f roli c so m eand gay

Sc am p ering to join his c o m rad e s at t h e ir pl ay ,

Ve xe d f or a st raw b u t soo t h ed as soon as ve

,
xed ,

I nt e a rs t his m o m e n t and in s mil e s t h ene xt .

T h ebe ardl e ss you th his f re e,

do m proud to gain ,

Lo v e s hors es hounds and M ars s sunny plain 5

, ,
’

Du c til eas w ax to vi c ehis yi e lding soul ,

De a f t o t h ew arn ing v oi c eo f dull c ontrol ,

Pro f us eo f purs e i m pat i e ,

nt of d e l ay ,

A tqu ei ta m entit u r s i c v e, ri s f al s a rem iscet ,

P ri m o nem e diu m m e
, d io ned i s cre p e t i m u m .

T u , q u id e go e t p o pu l u s m e c u m d es i d eret a u di ,
.

Si p l au so ris e g es a u l aea m a n en t i s et u s q u e
Se ss u ri d o n e c c antor Vos pl au d it e d i cat
‘ ’
,

{E t atis cu j u s qu en o ta n di s u n t t i b i m or e s ,

M o b i l ib u s qu ed e c or natu ri s dand u s et annis .

Re dd e requ i v o c e s j am s c i t p u e r et pede c ert o

Sign at h u m u m ge, s t i t p ari b u s c o l l u d e
r e et iram
,

Coll i gi t ao p oni t te me re et m u tatu r i n h oras

, .

I mb e rb u s j u v e ni s t and e
, m c u s t o d er e m o to ,

G au de t e qu i s canib u squ eet ap ri c i gram i ne c amp i ,

Ce reu s i n v iti u m fl ect i, m o ni to ri b u s asp er,

14 HO R AC E .
( —
1 79 1 9 1

All f acts w hi c h in th ef ableh avea share

Pas s on t h estage or arere , c ord e d the re .

Th osewh i c h a tal eshall th rough t h ee ar i m p art

W i th f aint e r c ha racte rs i m pre ss th eh e art

Th an t hosew hi c h subj e , c t to t h ee y e s b ro a d g az
’
e ,

T h epl e ase d spe c ta t or t o h i ms e l f c on ve y s .

Ye t drag n ot on t h es ta g ee ac h horrid s c e ne ,

Nor shock t h esigh t w i t h w h at sho u ld pass w it hin .

This l e t de s c rip t ion s m ilde r me diu m show

’
,

And l e avet o e loq u e nc eh e r tal eo f w o e .

Le t n o t t h ec ru e l Col c hian m o th e r slay

He r s m i l in g in f an t s in t h ef a c eo f d ay ;
No r At re us c ro wn t h eboard w i t h i m piou s f ood ,

And f e as t a bro t h e r wi t h c onge ni al blood 5

N01 P rocnes f orm t h eri sing plu m ageta ke5
’

N01 C ad m u s sink in to a sli m y sna ke .

M u c h t hat w ereonly passing st rangei f h e a rd ,

Wh e n se e n re
,
vol te d se ns ede c l a res absu rd .

To fiv eac ts l e ngt h ene d b eth epi e ce n o t m or e , ,

Th at asks t h elong applaus eand loud e n c ore5

No r in th eunrav e ling b ea god displ aye d ,

Savew h e reth ekno t disdains al l hu m ble r ai d 5

Au t ag i tu r res i n s cenis au t ac ta ref ertu r

, .

Se g n i u s i r ri t a nt a ni m os d em i ssa p e r a u r e m
Q u am qu a: s u nt o cu l is s u bj ect a fid el ib u s et q u ae ,

I pses i b i tradi t s pect at or No n t amen i nt u s

.

D i gn a ge ri p rom es i n s cenam m u l taqu et ol l es

,

E x o cu lis q u aem ox n arre t f ac u n d i a p rae se ns .

Ne p u e ro s c ora m p o p u l o M e de a t ru ci d e t ,

A u t h u m an a pal am co qu a t e x ta n ef ari u s A t re
u s ,

A u t i n ave m P ro c n ev ertatu r Cad mu s i n angu e

, m .

Qu od cu mqu eo s te ndis m ih i s i c i ncred u l u s od i

, .

Ne v em i nor neu s it q u i nto p ro d u ctior ac t u

F ab u l a q u aep os e
, i v ol t ct sp ect ata repo ni .

Ne c de ns in te rs i t n
, isi d igh u a v i ml ice no d u s
1 92- 201 ] ART OF P O ET R Y . 15

Nor indi st racti ng d ial o gu ee ngage

Kt onc ef ou r spe a kers onth ecn ow d e d st age .

T h eC h oru s shou ld ana ct or s part su s ta in

’
,

J oi n inth ebus y sce neno r joi n i nvain5

'

N01 c h ant be t wee nt h eacts wh a t doe s n ot tend

To ai d t h et h e m eand w ith t h ea c ti onb lend .

A re ady p at ro n s ti ll on v irt u e s side ’

,

W it h f riendly loveh e r v o ta ri es le t i t guid e ,

Gre et t hos ew h o f e a r t o sw e rvef ro m du t y s path ’

And curb w it h bold re bukere ve ngeand w rat h 5

Le t i t t h et ribu teo f its prai s eafl o rd
'

To sobe r die t an d t h esi m pl eboard 5

E spou sef air jus ti c e t h esu pport o f state
,
s ,

Law s righ t e
’
ous sw ord and p e ac ew i t h op e
,
n gat es5
Hold f as t th ese c ret t ru s t ed to i ts c are5
And to t h egods pu t up a f e rve nt pray e r
Th at n e kl eFortun em ay at t h e ir b e he st
Tu rn f ro m th eoppre ssor t o re li evet h eoppre ss e
d .

T h epip ein days of yore n o t braz e n bo u nd

,
-

As now nor rivaling t h et ru m p e

,
t s sound
’
,

Bu t o f f e w s t ops an d sl e nd e r c o m pass st ill ,

Se rv e d t o support th eChoru s and to fil l ,

A narrow lin eo f s e a t s t h at w i t h no c row d

Inci d e
ri t : ne c q u ar t a l o qu i p e rs o na l ab oret .

A ct oris p art e s c h or u s o ih ci u m u e viri l e

q
De fe nd at ne , u qu id m ed ios i nterci nat ac tu s
Qu od no n prop os it o condu cat et h ae re at ap t e .

I l l e b o ni s f av eatqu eet co ns il i etu r am i c e ,

E t re g at ir a t o s e t a m et p e cc a r e t i m en t e s ;
I lle d ap e s l au d e t me nsaeb r e ,v i s ille s al u b rem
J u s t i t i a m l e g es q u e e t a p ert i s o t i a p or t i s ;
I lle tegat c om m issa d eo squ eprecet u r et or et
,

U t re de at m i s e ,ri s ab eat f o rt u n a s u pe rb i s .

T ib i a n on u t n
, u n
,
c o rich al co v ineta tu b x qu e ,

E m u l a se, d te nu is s i m pl e x qu ef o ra m i n ep au co
A ds pi raree t ad e s se ch o ri s e r at u ti l is atqu e
,
16 HOR A C E [ 20
5 - 21 9

Of o nt l e a re
ss h e rs h i th e rto o e rfl o w ed
'
c u

Se ats w h e ,
rea pe oplethininnu m b e rs y e t ,

De ce nt and c has teand plai n and f ru gal m e t , .

Bu t w h e nby war t h ere a lm w as w i de r gro wn ,

And w al ls o f am pl e r c ircu it gi rt t h et own;

Wh e n on a d ay o f re
, ve ls to be gin ,

T h ef eas t f ro m n o on t id ewas n o m o rea s in ,

A la rge r li c enseand a s c opel e ss ru de

Bo t h to th em u si c and th ev e rs eacc ru e d .

For w h at should t h at m ix e d audi e n c eh aveof tas te ,

Clowngroup e d w it h ci t and boo rs by nobl e ,

s pla c e
d?
Thus did th epip er sup e radd e re long
T h ech ar m s o f ge s tu ret o th epow e rs o f song ,

Wi th p an to m i m i c grac eh is s e ns ee xpre s sed ,

And t ra ile d along th ebo ards t h efloat ing v e st .

Thus t oo i ts t on e,
s inc re as e d t h elyres e ve re ,

Poure d ri c h er w arblings on th eravish e de ar ;

T h em us ein lo f t ie r nu m b e rs l e arne d t o s o ar ,

I mped h e r bold plume f o r fl igh t s u n t rie d be f ore ,

And f raugh t wi t h fireprophe

, t i c bad ee ac h line ,

R i val t h erap ture s o f t h eD e lphi an shrin e .

Nond u m s pi ssa ni m i s c om p l e t es e d i l i a fl atu ;

Q u o sa n e o
p p u l u s n u m e ra b i l i s , u t p o t e p a r v u, s

E t f r u gi cas t u s qu ev e re cu n d u s qu eco i b at .

P os t qu am coe p i t a g ro s e x te n d e r e v i c t or et u r b e
s

Lat i o r ampl e cti m u ru s v i n o qu ed i u r n o

Pl acari G e ni u s f e s ti s i m p u n edie bu s ,

A cc e ss i t n u me ri s qu em o d is qu el i ce nti a m ajor .

I ndo ct u s q u id e ni m s ap e re t l ib e rqu e l ab o ru m

R u s t i c u s u r b an o co nf u s u s tu rp i s h o nest o ?
,

Si c p ri sczem o tu m qu ee t l u x u ri e m a dd i di t a rti
T ibice n trax i t qu evag u s p e r
p p u l i t a v e s t em ;
Si c e t i a m fid i b u s v o c e s cre ve rese ve ri s
,

E t tu l i t e l o qu i u m i n sol i t u m f a c u n d i a p rae ce ps ,

Util i u m qu es ag ax r e r u m et div i na f u t u ri
So rti l e g i s n o n d i sc re p u i t s e n t e n t i a D e l p h i.s
 ]
220- 212 A RT OF P OET R Y . 17

H et h at in t ragi c l ay latest ra in e
d his throat
To w int h ep alt ry p ri z e a sh aggy goat ,

Soon bare d upo n t h estagea sylvan c re w

And brou ght t h ewant on sat yrs f ort h t o vi e w ;

T h esol e mn t oneno t w holly laid asid e ,

T O h u m or an squehis ha nd appli e
d b u rl e d5
And sought by grat e f ul no v e lt y o f s ong
To rive t t o th e ir s eat s a boo z y t hrong

Fro m f e st iveri te s and re ve ls just s e t f ree ,

R ip ef o r loos epra nks an d full o f t ipsy gl e e .

Ye t so to shi f t f ro m graveto ga y t we refi t ’

,

S0 t e m pe r t h eligh t sat yrs sau c y wit ’

,

Th at not e ac h god e ac h he ro t ha t o f lat e

, ,

Stalke d f orth in purpl erobe s and royal s tat e ,

Anon should al l his po mp o f sp e e ch le t do w n

To th el ow slang an d gabbl eo f a c low n ,

O r s te e
,
ring h e av e nw ards his fl igh t to o f ast ,

Grasp e m p t y c louds an d soar in t o bo m bas t .

T h eTragi c Mus e w i th bash f u ln e,

ss se ve re ,

Disdaining th ebas egibeand t riv ial j e e r ,

Will like a m atron who m t h epri e

,
st p e rc h anc e
C alls at so m esole mn f e st ival to da nc e ,

Ca rm i nequ i t r agi c o v ile e

m o h h i rcu m
c rt avi t ,

M ox e t i am agr e s te s Sa ty ro s n u d av i t e t as p e
, r
I nc ol u m i gravi tatejo c u m t entavi t eo qu od ,

I ll ece b ri s e rat et grata novi tat em o rand u s

Spe c tator f u nctu squ es acri s et p otu s et ex l ex
, .

Veru m i ta ris ores i ta c omm endaredi c ac es

,

Co n ve ni et Satyros i ta v e
, rtereseri a l u do ,

Nequ i cu nqu ed e n s qu i cu n u e a d h i b eb i t u r he ro s
, q ,

Re g al i c o ns p ec t u s i n au ro n u p e r e t o s t ro ,

M igre t i n o b s c u r as h u m il i s e r m o netab ernas ,

A u t d u m v i tat h u m u m nu b e
, , s e t in an i a cap te t .

E fl u t i re l e ve s in d i gn a t r agoe dia v e rs u s
'

Ut te s t i s m atr o n a m ov e ri i u ssa d i e bu s ,
 H ORA CE .
[ 23 -
21 5

A m id th eskit t is h sat y rs st il l b ese en

D is t ingu is he d by h e r st ai d an d sob e r m ie n .

We reI m y f ri e
,
nds to writ es at yri c p l a ys
, ,

Not w hol ly to l ow t e rms an d ho m e ly p h rase

Would I re st ri ct m y p e n5 nor so re f us e
T h eri c h e r col ori ng of t h etragi c m u s e ,

A s t hat n o dif f e rences hou ld b em ark e d be t ween

Wh at waggi s h B ay u s int h ec o mi c s c e ne
01 Pyt hias p rat e s w he ,ni nh e r kn ave ry bol d
Sh ebubble s sim pl eSi m o o f h i s gold ,

An d w h at Sil e nus w h e nh est e

,
ps abroa d
T h ef ost e r gua rd ianof t h enur sl ing god .

Som ew e ll k nownl egend sh ould su pport m y t h e

-
m e5
Th is w it h su c h art I d t rac e t h at e ’
a c h should de
,
em
Het oo c ou ld m at c h t h eve rs e the n tas k his brain
, ,

And t oil ing long c onf e ss his e f f ort s va in .

Su c h m e r i t is t o plan an d s t ru c tur ed u e
To vu lgar t h e me s su c h glory m ay acc ru e
Bu t l e t t h ef a uns stil l min
,
d fu l w h at t h e y ar e ,

Fe t che d f rom t h ew ood s by m y advi c ebe ,

war e

As i f at R o m et h e y all t h eir li f e h ad led

( ,

Bo rn in o u r s t re e t s an d in ou r Foru m bre d)

Intere
ri t Saty ris pau l u m p u d ib u n da p ro terv is .

No n eg o inor n at a et d o m i na nt ia no m ina s o l u m
Ve
rb aqu e P is o nes Satyroru m s c ript or am ab o 5
, ,

Ne c s ic e ni tar t ragi c o d ifi e rre c ol ori

’

Ut ni h i l i n te rs it D a v u s n
, el o qu a t u r e t a u d ax
P y t h ias e
, mu n cto l u c r ata Sim o n etal e nt u m ,

A n c u s t os f am u l u s qu ed e i Sil e nu s al u m ni .

Ex n oto fict u m c arm en sequ ar u t si b i qu i vis,

Spe re t i de m s u de
, t m u l t u m f r u s t raqu el ab o re t
A u s u s i de m : tant u m se ri es j u nct u raqu ep oll et ,

T an t u m d c me d io s u m pti s acce dit h o no ri s .

S il v i s d e d u ct i ca v e an t m ej u d i c e Fa u n
, i , ,

Nevel u t i nnati t ri vi is a c pae nef ore ns e

s
246—260] ART OF PO E T R Y . 19

Th e y tat tl ein a langu id love —si c k st yl e

, ,

O r bol t uns e em ly j e sts and ribald v il e .

For e ac h t h a t bo as ts b ir th ran k and c ons e ,

qu e n ce , ,

A t su c h l ow t rash is ap t t o tak eo f f e ns e
,
,

No r all w i t h p at i en c eh e ars or d e igns t o c ro w n

Th at wi th t h enu t and gray p e -
as et rib ego e
-
s do wn
-
.

T w o sylla bl e s fi rs t short t h en long c o m bine

, , ,

T O f ram eth eligh t i am bus 5 w h e n c et h eline ,

Though to th ee ar six s e ve ral b e at s i t b ears ,

Was su rnam e d t ri m e ter a nd s c ann e , d by p airs .

Th is m e as u re as i t s pris t in ef or m w a s c as t
, ,

Flow s uni f or mly on f ro m firs t to last .

Bu t af te r no long t ime to gre e t th ee

,
ar

Wi th m orem aj e sti c gr ac eand w e igh t s e ve re ,

T h ef oo t it s birt hrigh t w ai v e
,
d ge ne ro u s a n d f re e , ,

Took in join t p art ne rship t h egravespond e e ,

O nesp e c ial pri v ileg er ese rv ing s till

Th at e ve ry e ve n pl ac ei t s e l f should fil l .

No t so ( says o ne) m arc h t h eb old tri m e ters

O f A cc i u s E nni u s 5 t h e rei t scarc eocc urs ’
, .

Ye t m a u gresu c h high na m e s t h at au t hor s p age ’

, ,

Au t ni m i u m te ne ri s j u v e ne nt u r v e rs ib u s u n u a m
q ,

A u t im m u n d a cre p e n t i g n o m i ni os a u ed i ct a
q .

O fle nd u nt u r e ni m q u i b u s e st e qu u s et pater et res,
'

Nec si q u id f ri c ti ci ce
, ri s p ro b at e t n u cis e m p t or ,

E qu is a cci p i u n t an i m is d onantv ec orona .

Syl l ab a l o n g a b r e v i s u b j ect a v oca t u r i a m b u s ,

Pe s ci t u s 5 u n dee t i a m tri m e t ris a cc r e sce rej u s s it

No m en i a m b e is cu m s e
, nos re dd e re t i ctu s
P ri m u s a d e x tre m u m s i m il i s s i b i No n i ta p ri d e
. m,
T ard i o r u t p a u l o g ravi orqu ev e ni re t ad a u r e s ,

Spo n de o s s ta b i l e s i n Ju r a pa t e r na recepit
Co m m o d u s e t p ati e ns no n u t d ese
, des e c u nda
Ge de ret au t q u a rt a so ci al i t er Hi c et i n A cc i
.

No b i l i b u s t ri m e t ris app are t raru s e t En ni,

I n sce nam m iss o s cu m m agno p o nd e r ev ers u s

20 HOR A C E .
[ 261 —27 3

Who thus w i t h pond erous c ad e n c elo ads t h estage ,

S pe aks e i the r gross n e gl e c t and slove nly h as te ,

O r ignoranc eo f his art an d w a n t o f ta s t e .

Not e ve ry re ad e r i t is t ru e h as skill
, ,

To j udge if v e rseb em od u lat e d ill 5

And too indulgent R o m eh as f ondly nurs ed
This laxn ess in h e r po e t s f ro m t h efi rs t .
.

Bu t w hat o f th at I f re ad e rs will b ef ools ,

Mus t I run rio t and d e spisea l l rul e s ,

Saf ein th at f aul t f orsoo t h whi c h e

,
ve n if s e
, e n ,

By al l t h ew orld long u s ep e,
rhaps sh all s c re en?
Poor bo as t t o say I h avee
, , s c ap e d f ro m blam e ,

Bu t a f t er al l to prais ecanu rgeno c la i m

Y ou r s tand ard th e n b eGre e c e He r m od e ls bright
By d ay p e ru se and re
,
pe rus eby nigh t

O u r f ore f at h e rs good na tur e

, d e a sy f olks
-
, ,

E x toll e d t h en u m b e rs and e njoy e d th ej oke s

O i Pl au t u s pro m p t bo t h t h e
, s eand thos eto h e ar

W i t h tol e ran t no t to s ay w i t h tas te le ss e ar 5

A t le as t i f y o u a n d I w i th s e ns earebl e st
To te ll a c lo w nish f ro m a c ou rtly j e st ,

O r by t h efin e i d n d e r s b o
’ ’

, g r s a a a t o o t ,

Au t op eras cel eri s nim i u m cu raqu ecarentis

A u t i gn o ra taep r e m i t ar t i s c ri m i n et u r p i .

No n qu i v is v i d e t i mm o d u l a t a po e m a a j u de
t x ,

E t d ata R om a nis v e ma e st i nd 1gna p oe ti s .

I d ci rco n ev age r s cri b am qu el icenter ? ano mnes

V i s u ro s p e cc ata p u tem m ea t u t u s et i ntra,

Sp e m ve ni sec a nt u s ? Vitav i d eni qu ec u l pam ,

No n l a u d e m me r u i Vos ex em pl ari a G rae

. ca
No c t u r na v e rsatem a nu v ers ated i u rna
, .

A t ve s tri
p ro a v i P l a u t i no s et n u m ero s e t

Lau dav e resa l e s : n i m i u m p at i e nter u t ru m qu e ,

Ned i ca m s t u l t e m ir ati s i m o d o e
, , g o et v os

Se im as i nu rb anu m l epi d o sepo nered i c to ,

22 HORACE .
[ —
289 302

Nor w ould th enam eo f Latium s tand re now ne d

O nm ar ti al m oret h an on Parnassiangrou nd ,

We reno t our e ve ry b ard so lo th t h ew hil e

To brook th epauseand labor o f t h efi l e .

Prais ey ou no pie c e m y noblef ri e

,
nds b u t wh at ,

Has b e e n t hro u gh m any anhour and many a blo t

Corr e ct ed te nt i m e
,
s poise d in judg m e n t s s c al e ’
,

And s m oo th e d li ke sc u l p tu reto th ec ri ti c nail

Be cau s eD e m oc ri tus t hinks fi t t o c all
A rt no thing w ort h an-
d ge nius all in all
, ,

And s te rnly bids e ac h sobe r m uses son ’

Re noun c et h eve rd ant h e igh ts of H e lic on ,

Th e rearein w ho m a w ondrous w hi m pre vails

Ne i th er t o trim th e ir b eard nor p ar eth e ir n ails 5
Wh erec rowd e d bat hs invi te th e y c o m enot nigh , ,

Bu t t o lon ec av e s and sil e nt d e ser ts fl y .

For oh h eshin e s a b ard c on f e ss ed b esu re , ,

Whos epoll (whi c h thre eA nticyras c ould not c ure)

T O barb e r Li cinu s w as nee r c onsigne d’

F001 t h at I am w h o t hough to ve
, ,
rs einc lin e d ,

Pu rgee ve ry spring th ewi t inspiring bile -

Ho w matc hl e ss b u t f or this h ad be
,
e n m y s tyl e
,

Ne c v ir t u t ef or e t cl ari sv ep o te nt i u s arm i s
Qu am l i ngu a Lati u m si no n o fienderet u nu m
'

Q u e m q u e p o e t a ru m l i m ae l a b or e t m or a V
. os , o

P o m p i l i u s sa n g u i s c
, a r m e n r e p re h e n d i t e q
, u o d n o n
M u l ta d i e s e t m u l ta l i t u r a co e rcu i t a t q u e

Pe rf e ct u m d e ci e s n o n c as t i gavi t ad u n g u e m .

I ngeni u m m i s era qu i a f ort u nati u s ar te

Cr e d it e t e x cl u d i t s a n os Hel ico nep oetas
De m o c ri tu s b o n
, a p ar s n on u n g u i s p o n e r e c u r a t ,

Non b ar b am 5 sec re ta p e ti t l o c a b al n , ea v itat .

Nanci sce tu r e ni m p re ti u m n om e nqu ep o etae ,

Si trib u s A n t i cyri s c ap u t i n sa n ab i l e n u n qu am
T on s ori Li ci n o com m ise ri t . O e g o l ae vu s ,

o r b il e m su b v e r n i em ri s h or a m !
Q p g
u i u r t p o
3116- 316 ] AR T OF P O E TR Y .

No matt e
r ; mi neb el flreth ewh e
tsto nes ’
aid ,

Whil eot h e rs p racti s e pre ce I ll i m

’
p t pa
, rt ,

An d tho u gh n
, o art i st p ro v ea f ri e nd to art , .

Wh e nceal l th ebard s re so u rc e s do w I ll t e
’
ach ; ,
'

What h is j u st f u nct iong and h ow f ar th e y r eac h 5

Wh at kindl e s an d w h at f an s t h esacre d fire;
What co u rs emu st trai nhi m and what th e me s insp ire5,

What bre eds th ef ou l an d wh a t th ef ai r b e , f r iend s ;

An d wh i th e r fi tness w h i th e r f ai l u rete
, nds .

I nth ephi loso phy o f m anto e x ce l

I s t h ep rim eroot an d sp rin g of writing w e ll .

M atte r th epageSocrati c be st canshow ;

Th at o nc epro vi de d wo rds w ill f re , el y flow .

W he nlo reh as ope ne d t o th epo e t s vi e

’
w
To cou ntry w hat and wha t to f rie
, nds i s due 5
I nwh at j u s t porti o nmanbe ne at h th en a me s
O f pare n t broth e
, r hos t af f e c ti on c lai ms 5
, ,

T o wh at th ese nato r th ejudge is bou nd , , ,

O r ch i e f pav ili one d high on te nte d grou n d5

Dou b t no t b u t h ee a c h c h arac te r s h al l scan

And sh re w dly fit t h eman ne rs t o t h eman .

No n al i u s f ace re t me li ora po e mata Veru ru .

Ni l tanti e st E rgo f u n
.
g a r v i c e c o tis ac u tu m ,

Re dde req u aef e rru m val et e x so rs i psa se can di 5

,

Mu n u s e t ofi ci u m n il scri b e
, ns i ps e , d oce bo ,

U ncl epare ntu r ope s q u i d al at f orm e

, tqu ep o e ta m ,

Qu id d ec eat qu i
, d no n ; qu o virtu s ,
qu o f era t e rror .

Scx mw m R E CT E SA P E R E E ST P R I NCI P I UM a r F O NS
'

m ti b i Socrati caep o te
Re ru nt os te nd e rech ar tae ,

Ve rb aqu eprovi sa m re m n on i nvita s e q u e nt u r .

Q u i d i d i ci,t p at riaeq u i d d e
b e
a t e t q u i d am i c i s .

Qu o s it am orepare ns qu o f rate r amandu s et h os pe

, s ,

Q u od si t co nscri pti,
qu od j u d i c is ofli ciu m qu a ,

P artes i n b ell u m m iss i d u c is ille prof e cto ,

Re d act epe rso naes c i t co nv e ni e

ntia cu i qu e .
24 H OR A C E .
[ 31 7 - 331

B esid e s t o c opy natureto th eli f e

, ,

G 0 m ark t h eworld e
, xplorei ts bu s y stri f e5
,

To living sce ne s f o r tru th s e xpre ssionlook 5 ’

Th e redip your p e n and m ak em ankind your book

, .

O f t h as th eplay w h e re in the sevirtu e s dw e ll ,

Se t o f f wi t h s entim e nt and m ann e red we ll ,

Though e ls eun c ou t h and rud eine ve ry part ,

De v oid of s t re ngt h wi t e le ganc e

, , or a rt , ,

Morec harm e d a naudi e n c e m oreth e ir h e a r t s surpris e

,
d ,

Than f aithle ss grac eand nonse nseharm oniz e d .

Ge niu s to Gre e c e t o Gre e c et h eprid eo f p h ras e

,

He av e n gave of no thing c ov e,
t ous b u t prais e .

N o t so our you th wh o c ram p e ,

d by hop e,
f ul drilling ,

Le arn in t o fif ty p ar ts t o s pli t o n eshilling .

Le t young Albinus sol vet h eprobl e m sought

Takeonef ro m fi vep e n c e5 w h at re -
sul ts ? A groat .
’

Good you reth eboy to t hrive Bu t c om e e

’
xpl ain , ,

I f add e d what ? ,
— ‘
A te s ter Good again .
’

Wh e reh e art s t h u s t ra ine d to p e t ty pelf w efi n d ,

And rust like t his h as cank e re doe r th emind

’
,

Who d look f or fi nish e

’
d po e m s wrough t w i t h t oil , ,

s i ce
Re reexe
m l a r v i ta m oru m qu ej u b eb o
p p
D o ctu m i m i t atore m e t v i v as h i n c d u ce rev o c e s .

I nte rd u m s p e c ios a l oc i s m orat aqu erecte

Fa b u l a nu ll i u s veneri s si nep o nd er eet a rte
, ,

Va l d i u s ob l e cta t po u l u m m e
p l i u s q u e m or a t u r

Q u am vers u s ino pes rer u m nu gae qu e ca noraa .

G rai s i n ge ni u m G rai s de , d i t o re ro tu n do
M u sa l oqu i p rae te,r l au dem nu l l i u s ava ri s .

R o m an i pu e ri l o n gi s ra t i o ni b u s a ss e
m
D i s cu n t i n p art e s ce nt u m d i du ce re B i cat .

Fi l i u s A l b i ni : Si d equ i nc u nc erem ota est

Un c i a qu id s u perat ? P oteras dix isse T r i m s
, .
’
.
’

Re m p o te ris s e rvar etu am ! R ed it u nc ia qu id fit ? ,

Se mis . A t h mc an
’
i m os ae ru go et c u ra p ec u l i
Cu m se me l i mb u e ri t s e
p ramu s carmin
, a fi n g i
36 2-316 ] AR T O F PO ET R Y .

Wort h y t h ec ypre ss cas ean d ce d ar oil ?

To t e a ch t o ple as e — c ompriset h epoe t s vi e
ws
’
,

01 e ls eat onc et o pro fi t and amu s e .

I npre ce p t b ec on c is e Wh at th us i s t old
.

T h em i n d sha ll gras p w ith e ase w i t h fi rmn ess hold ;

,

. Wh il eall t ha t s h e ape
’
d su p e rfl u ou s s hocks t h etas te ,

Fro m m e m ory s ta ble

’
t f ad es and ru ns t o was t e ,
.

Le t f a n c y s w ild c re at ion t h ough d e signe d

’
,

Le ss t o improv et han t o amus et h em in d ,

Copi e d at l e as t f ro m n atu res s c e neapp e ar

’
,

And to a se mblanc eo f th et ru th ad h e re ,

No r tax t h ere ad e r s f ai t h too f ar or draw

’
,

T h ebre ath ing in f an t f ro m t h egoblin s m aw

’
.

Graybe ards w ill d a mnw h at f ails in us e f ul t ru th 5

D ry c o m m onpla c ew ill p all on buxo m you t h 5
Bu t h ewh o pre ce p t w i th am use me n t ble nd s ,

And c h arm s th ef anc y w hil et h eh e ar t h em e nds ,

Wins e ve ry su fl rage R a re ly sh all h em iss

.

TO e nri c h th eSosii w it h a pie c elike this 5

Se as shall i t t rav e rs e and th ew ri t e,
r s page ’

H and d ow n his glori e s to a distant age .

P oss el i nenda c edro et l evi s ervanda cu pr ss o?e

A u t pro d ess ev ol u nt au t d electa rep o etas ,
A u t sim u l et ju cu nda e t i d onea d i ce
r ev i tae .

Qu i c qu i d p ra e
ci p ie est o b r e
s , vis u t c i t o d i ct a
,

Pe rci i a n
p t a ni m i d o c i l e s t en e a n t q u e fi d el e s .

Om n es u perv acu u m pl e no d e p e c tor em anat .

Ficta v ol u ptati s ca u sa s i nt p rox i m a v eris ,

Neo u o d cu n q u e ve l i t p o s ca t s i b i f a b u l a c r e
d i ,

Ne u p ra n sae L a m i ae v i v u m p u e ru m e x t rah at al v o .

Ce ntu riaes e ni oru m agi ta nt e x pe rt i a f ru gi s 5

Ge l s i prae tereu n t au s t e ra p o em ata R am nes

Om n etu l it pu nct u m qu i m is cu i t u t il ed u l c i ,

Le ct ore m de le cta n d o p ari te rqu em 0n e nd o ;

Hi c m e r et aera l i b e r Sosi is ; h ic et m ar etrans it
E t l on m n o t o i t ri ro roga t ae v u m
g u s c r p o p .
 HORAC E .
[ 347 - 369

t th e
Ye reo cc ur in alm ost e ve ry book

Sp e c ks w hi c h th enic e st tas t em ust ove rlook .

For n e ith e r al ways will th em i ns t re l s lyre ’

Giv ebac k t h enot ehis e ar an d h and re quire5

Heasks a grav e th ec hord a sharp re
, mi ts 5
T h earc h e r aims t h eb ow not always h i ts
, .

I f th en a poe m c harm m ein th em ain ,

Sligh t f aul ts I ll not too rigidly arraign

’
,

Whi c h f rail humani t y h as h e reand th e re

Le t fall f ro m ov e rsigh t or w ant o f c are .

To d raw th elin eth e n t hus our c as ew ill s tand

, ,

As th at t ransc rib e r wh o w i t h p e nin h and

, ,

Though w arn e d o f laps e s pas t re pe at s t h es am e , ,

Wi t h no f air pl e a canp a rry o fl t h eblam e

‘

As al l w ould flou t th elyrist w h o should ring

H arsh disc ord always on t h es e l f sa mes tring 5
Su c h is t o m et h ee ve r blund e ring bard
-
.

H esinks a Ch oe ril u s in m y r e gard ,

I nw h o m p e rc eiv ing h aply on c eaw hile

So m ecasu al gl e ams o f w i t I st ar t an d smil e5
,

Ve xe d on th eo t h e
,
r hand i f now and th e ,
n
Short fi ts of slumbe r c reep on H o me r s pe n ’
,

Su n l i c t a tam e
t de n qu i b u s i gnovi ss ev e
l im u s ;
Nam ne qu ec h or da sonu m reddi t qu em v ol t m anu s , me
ns ,
P os ce nti qu egrav e m pe rsae p e r e m i tt i t a c u t u m ,

Ne c se m pe r f eri et qu od cu m qu em i nab i tu r ar c u s .

Ver u m u b i pl u ra ni tent i n c arm i ne no n ego pau c is ,

O fle nd ar m ac u l i s qu as au t i nc u ri a f u d i t
'

, ,

A u t h u m an a p ar u m c av i t n at u r a Q u i d ergo e
. st ?

Ut s c ri p t or s i p e ccat i d e m l i b r ari u s u s q u e ,

Q u a m v i s e s t m o ni t u s v eni a
, c a r et ; u t c i t h a rmd u s

R ide t u r c h or da qu i s e
, mp e r o b err at eadem
Si c m ih i qu i m u l tu m ce
, ss at fit Ch oe , ri l u s i l l e ,

Qu em b is te rv eb o n u m cu m t i s n m i ro r ; e t i de m
In di gn or qu a n doqu eb o nu s d o rm i ta t Ho m e ru s .
366 -37 3 ] A RT OF PO ET R Y .

How be i t at ti m e s t h en obl es t h a rd I t hin k , ,

I nw o rks o f l on g att e mp t may f ai rly wink .

F o r p oe ms arelik epi ctu re s : so m ea ppe ar

Be s t int h ed is t an c e o t h e rs s ta ndin g n, e ar ;
Thi s l ov e s t h esh ad e w h il et hat t h eli gh t e , ndu re s ,

Nor sh u ns t h eni ce s t ke no f c onno i s s e urs ;

Th i s ch arms f or once and t h e nth ec h arm is o e, r
’
,

Whi let hat th emoresurve

, ye d st ill ch a r ms th emore , .

He ar e ,
ld e r you th and mark my m axim we ll
( Tho u gh by a f at h er s l es sons yo u e x c e l’

I njudgm e nt so und and all his tast einh e ,

rit )
A middl ing w ort h a m od i cum of m e ,
ri t
T 0 ce rtain arts th ew orld m ay w e ll c on c e de .

I nc ourt or c h ambe r t his p e rhaps sh all ple,

ad , , ,

Short o f M e s s al a s skill his c li e n t s c au se

’ ’
, ,

Th at short o f Aulu s d e
, pth e xpound th elaws’
, ,

Ye t e ac h o f u s e e ac h in r e
,
qu e st m ay b e5
Re t ain e d c o nsult e
, d e ac h m ay e arn his f e
,
e .

Bu t o f poe t i c w ort h a m od e rat esh are

Not m e n not gods not bookse
, lle rs canb e
,
ar .

V er u m operi l ongo f as est ob repe res o m n u m .

Ut pi ctu ra p o e, s is 5 e t i t q u ae s i p ro pi u s s t e s, ,

T ecap i at m agi s e t qu ae , d am s i l on g i u s a b s t,e

s ;
Hae c i mat ob s c u r u m ; v ol et h ae c su b l u c ev i deri ,

J u d i c is argu tu m qu aenon f o rm idat ac u m en;

Hae c pl acu i t s em el h ae c deci es repeti ta pl aceb it
,
.

0 m ajor j u ve nu m qu amv i s e t v o c ep at e
, rna
F i nge ri s ad r ect u m et p er t es api s h oc tib i di c tu m ,

T ol l em e mo t c e r ti s m ed i u m et tol erab il er eb u s
,

Re c tec onc ed i Consu l tu s j u ri s et ac tor

.

Ca u s at u m m e d io c ri s ab e s t v ir t u tedi s e r ti
Me ss alaen, ec s c i t q u an t u m Cas ce l l iu s A u l u s ,

Se d tam e n i n p re t io e st ; m e d i o crih u s e s s ep o e ti s
Non h o mi ne s n o n di n
, o n co n ce sse, rec o i n ma te .
 HO R A CE .
[ 37 4- 337

As musi c ou t of tuneat f e sti v e board ,

Se e d c ak e s of hone
-
y f ro m Sa rdinia s tore d ,

O r ungu e nt s v oid of s c e nt e ac h gu e st displ e a se , ,

Be caus eth ef e as t m igh t w e ll disp e ns ew i t h th e s e5

So ve rs ewhoseof fi ceand e
,
ss ent ial end
I s to de light t h esoul unl e ss i t tend ,

To aid not m ar th epurpos eof i ts birt h

, , ,

Fails in th eb al an c ean d is no t hing w ort h -

.

Het h at n ee r joine d th elis ts i nM ars s fi e ld

’ ’
,

Forb e ars t o t ak eup arm s h ec a nno t w i e ld 5

Het h at nee r pi tc h ed t h equoi t nor toss e
’
d th eb all
Nor w hirl e d t h et roqu e shuns to c ont e nd at a ll
, ,

Fe a ring th et i t t er of t h ec row d e d ring 5

Ye t h esings v e rs ewh o n e ve r learn e d t o sing .

W hy not ( says one) o f knigh t s e s tates e

,
c ure ’
,

O f lib e
0
ral birth f air f ame and m orals pure?
, ,

Nough t ee r w ill y ou I m sure in n atures s p i te

’ ’ ’
, , ,

( Su c h is your s ens e an d prud e n c e) sp eak or w ri t e .

B u t i f at so m ec h an c ehou r you augh t c o m po s e

, ,

Se e tis c orre ct e ret o t h ew orld i t go e s5

’

Subm i t i t first to T arpa s c rit ic e ars

’
,

Ut gr atas i nter m ensas ymph o ni a d is cors

s

E t crass u m u ngu e
n t u m et Sar d o cu m mel l e p ap av e r
O fle nd u nt pote rat d u c i q u i a c e na s i nei s tis :
'

Si c an i mis n at u m i n ve ntu mqu ep o e m a j u v an dis ,

Si p a u l u m s u mm o d e c ess it v ergi t ad i m u m
, .

Lu d e r equ i n e s ci t cam pe
, s trib u s ab s t i n e t ar m i s ,

l nd o ctu s qu epi l aed i s civetro ch i v e qu i e s ci t ,

Nesp issaeri s u m toll ant i m pu nec oronae;

Q u i n e s c i t v e r s u s t am e n a u d e t fi nge re
‘
Qu id ni ?
.

Li b e r et i ngenu u s prae , ser ti m c ensu s equ estrem

Su mm am n u m m oru m v i t i oqu ere
, m o t u s ah o m n i .
’

Tu n i h i l i nv i ta d i c es f aci esveM i nerva ;

l d t i b i j u di c i u m e st e a me
, ns Si qu i d t ame . n ol i m
Scri ps e ri s i n M ae
,
ci d e sce ndat j u di c is au re s
 HO R A C E .
[ 403- 41
6

E m b at tl e
d hosts I nv e rs ew e renow m ad eknown
.

F at es high be
’
he sts in vers eli f es du t i e
, s sho wn ’
.

By tu n e f ul f l atte ri es e very m u ses son ’

T h es m il eo f migh t y m onarc hs sough t an d wo n5

And ve rs esuppli e d at l abor s w e lc o mec los e
,
’
,

A che ering pas ti m eand a sw e e t re pos e .

Thus m u c h l e st haply by a blush you w rong

,

T h ec hoir Pi e rian and th egod of song .

”
I i s ask e
‘
d i f t his sam eknac k it s ris em ust ow e
,

To plodding art or f ro m boon nat urefl o w

,
.

To m enor art wi t hou t ri c h gi f ts o f m ind ,

No r ye t me rege nius ru d eand u nre fin ed ,

Se e ms e qual to th etas k Th e ye ac h re quire .

T h eai d of e ac h an d m ust as f ri e
, nds c ons pire .

Hew h o t o Pis a s go al w ould f ore’

m os t ru n ,

Mu c h f rom his you t h h as su f f e re d m u c h h as don e5 ,

Has sw e a ted shive re

,
n t to r e
d p at i e sign ,

T h esoul e nf e-
e bling joys o f loveand w ine .

T h ePy thi an pip e r h as bee n f ain t o plod

T h ew e ary ta sk an d shrunk be
,
ne at h th erod .

Bu t in t his art f orsoo t h o n ,

en e e ds b u t say ,

Ve
rs i b u s e x acu i t 5 d i e tzep e r c arm i n a so rt e s ,

E t vi taem o n s t rata v i a e st ; e t gr ati a r e g u m

Pie ri i s t e ntata m od i s l u d u s qu ere , p e rt u s

E t l on g o ru m o p eru m fi n i s : n e f or t e p u d ori
Si t t i b i M u sa l yraes ol l e rs e t c an t or A p o l l o .

Natu r a h e r et l au dab il ec ar men an ar te

Q u m i t u m e s t : e go n e c s t u d i u m s i n e d i v i t e v e na ,

Ne c r u d eq u i d
p ro s i t v i d e o i n g e n i u m ; a l t eri u s s i c

A l te ra p oscit o pem res et co nj u rat am i c e , .

Q u i s t u de t 0ptatam c u rs u co n tin g e r e m e t a m ,

M u l ta t u l i t f e ci tqu e u e r d vit e t l i t
p s u a , a s ,

A b s ti n u it v e ne r eet v i no Q u i P yth i a cantat

.

T ib i c e n d i d i ci t p ri u s e
, x t i m u i t u em ag is t ru m
q .

Nu nc s ati s e s t d ix is s e : E go m ir a p o e m at a p an g o
41 7 - 429]
0
ART O F P ort ra it . 31

I m bo rn a poe t 5 bloc kh e ads c l e ar t h ew ay

’
,

Plagu etak eth ehind m ost Ge nius s c orns t o own

D ull pre ce p t s ai d or w hat s unl e a rn t unknow n
’ ’ ’
, .

As som esly m oun te bank w i th t ru m p e t loud

To buy his w are s invi te s a gaping c rowd ,

So w ould b epo e -
ts ri c h in p u rs ean
, d land ,

Te m p t wit h fi n ep e nnyw orths t h efl att e ri n g ban d .

I s th erea s c ribbl e r w h o ca nwe ll afl ord

'

W i t h luscious c ate s to c row n a s m oking bo ard ,

Canbail t h ew re tc h w hos ec re dit fl ags and draw ,

T h ef oo t o f be ggary f rom th enoo seo f l aw ,

Tw e
’
repa ssing s trangei f s u c h a c ox c o m b kn e w
T h edi f f ere n c e twix t a f alsef ri e
’
nd and a t ru e .

Bet h e n advi s e d 5 and doe s t h evarle t li ve

To w ho m you aught h av egive n or m e an t o gi v e ,

Brim f ul of grati tud ef or f avors past ,

W i t h hop e s th os ef av ors sh all n o t pro v eth el as t

Him w h e n to f rie
,
nd s you w ould som epie c er ehe ars e ,

Ask no t to si t in ju dg m e n t on your ve rs e .

For good rare c h arm ing w ill b eal l his c ry ,

Whilet e ars o f t ra nspor t t ri c kl ef ro m h i s e e

y 5
Anon e nrap tured f rom his se at h e ll bound ’
,

O ccu pe t ex tre
m u m scab i e s 5 m i h i tu rp er e
l inqu i e
st

E t q u o d no n d i d i c i sa ne nesci ref at e ri
’
.

Ut p a co , admerc es tu rb am qu i c ogi t e
mend as ,

A sse
ntatore
s ju t ad l u c r u m i rep o e
be ta

Di v e s agris d i v e
, no t enu mm is
s p os i t i s i n f e .

Si ve ro es t u nctu m qu i r ec tepo nerep oss i t ,

E t s po n de rel e vi pro p au p ere et eri pereat ri s

,

Li ti b u s i m pl i ci tu m m irah or s i s ci e
, , t inte
r
Nosce re m e nd ace m ve r u m qu e b e a tu s am i cu m .

T u se u d on at i s s e
, u qu i d d onar ev ol e s cu i ,

Nol i to ad v e rs u s t ib i f ac tos d u cerepl enu m

I a ti t i as ; cl am ab i t e ni m P u l ch re! b e ne! r e ctel
P al l esce t s u pe r h i s eti am s ti l l ab it am i c is
,
32 HORAC E .
[ 430-444

Ch angec olor clap his hands and stam p th eground

, , .

As w it h hire d m um m e rs in a f un e ra l t rain ,

W ho f e e l th egri e f ra n t l ess t h an thos ew h o f e i gn 5

So w ill th el augh e r i nhis sl e e veapp e
-
ar - -

Moremov e d t h an o new h oseprais e s aresinc e re .

W isekings t is said w h o prud e

,
’
n tly in te
,
nd
To provet h ec ourt i e re ret h e y c all h i m f ri end ,

Ply h i m w i th c opious bu m p e rs t ill th ebo w l ,

Has g e ntly w rung e ac h s e c ret f ro m t h esoul .

Bards watc h your c ri t i c s l e s t a borrow e d skin ,

Wi t h sp e c i ous c ove ring m ask t h ef ox w i thin .

I f t o Qu i n ti l i u s you r e ci t e
d augh t ,

Pray c h ange h ed say t his w ord 5 r e

,
’ ‘ ’
tou c h t h a t t h ough t
,
.
’

I f you pro te st e d t h at t h ep assagep e nned

You t wi c eor th ri c eh ad t oil ed i nvain t o m e nd ,

Blot o u t t h e n h ed re ,
ply t h eill w ro u gh t s train
’ ’
,
-

Bac k t o t h eanv il wi th t his t rash again

I f you c hoos era t h e r to dispu tehis tas te
Th an m e nd your pi e c e no f u rth e r would h ewast e
,

01 ti m eor p ains b u t le av eyou t o ad m ire

,

Yours e l f and dogge re l to your h e a rt s d e sire ’

.

Ex ocu l is ro r e
m e t tu n
, de
sal it pe d et e
, rram .

Ut qu i c o nd u c ti pl o ra n t in f u n e re d i cu nt ,

E t f aci u nt p ro pe pl u t a d ol e nti b u s e x an imo , s ic

De ris or v e ro p l u s l au d ator em o v etu r .

Re g es d i cu nt u r m u l t i s u r ger e cu l u l l i s

E t t o rqu e rem e ro q u em p ersp ex i ss el ab or ant ,

A n s it am i c i ti a d i gn
c ar m i na c o nd es
u s : si ,

Nu nqu am tef all a nt ani mi s u b v ol p el atent e s .

Q u inti l io s i q u i d r ec i tares Corri ges o d es ,

Hoc a i ch at e
,
’
t h oc ;
, me l i u s te p oss e ne ga r e
s

Bis t e rqu eex pertu m f r u s tr a d el erej u b eh at ,

E t m al et o rn a to s i n cu di redd e re v ers u s .

Si d e fe nd e r ed el i c t u m q u am v erterem al l es ,

Nu llu m u l t ra v e r b u m a u t o p er am i ns u m eb at i nanem ,

Q u i n s i neri v al i teq u eet t u a s o l u s am ares .

 ]
1 15 - 453 ART OF PO ET R Y .

nuinec rit i c w il l w ith

T h ege hone st z e al

e
,

F ig ni ng no rap tures w hi c h h edo e s no t f eel ,

Tri m al l re dundan t ornament away ,

O u th eobscurel e t ina lu c id ray ,

Blot t h eam biguous blam eth eloos ely p e

, nn ed ,

And proveth eArista rc hus in t h ef rie nd .

No r w ill h esay Wh y rud e ly should I te as e

T h ef ri end I lo vef or t ri f le s su c h as t h e se?

For know th e set ri f l e
, s w hileyou lac k th ew il l
,

To spe ak pla in t ru t h o f t l ead t o se, rious ill ,

As t o his c os t t hat f rie nd e relong shall own ,

Wh e n m ad et h ebu t t and byword of th et ow n .

As t h elo rn wre t c h w ho m l e prous sc a bs de vo u r

O r j aundi c egil ds o n eby Diana s po we
, r ’

Moon st ric ke
-
n or by P anc onvulsed wi t h fi ts
, ,

Suc h is th ep o e t w h o h as los t his w i ts .

T h ew is eal l shun h im w hil ea h e edl e

,
ss throng
H oo t at his h e e ls w h e ree r h epro wls along ’
.

Be llo wing his ve rs ew i t h h e ad upre ar e d his e ye ,

R olling in f re nz y fi ne f rom e a rt h t o sky ,

I f ( likea f ow le r on his f e at h ere d pre y

V ir bonu s e t pr u d e ns vers u s re p r e h e nd e t i n e
r t es ,

C u l pab i t d u ros i n , co m p ti s ad l i n e t at ru m
T ra n s ve rso cal am o s i gn u m am b i ti osa re
, cide t
O rn am e nta p ar u m cl aris l u cem dareco ge
, t ,

A rgu i t am b i gu ed i c t u m m u ta n , da n o t ab i t ,

Fiet A ris t ar c h u s ; non d i cet Cu r ego amicu m ‘

,

Of f e nd am i n nu gi s ? ’
Haenu gaese ri a d u cent
I n m al a d e ri s u m s e me l e x cet u m u es i n
p q i s t r e .

Ut m al a qu e m s c ab i e s au t m or b u s r e gi u s u rge t ,

A u t f an a t i cu s e rror et ira c u nd a D i ana ,

Ve s an u m te t igi sseti m e nt f u gi u ntqu ep o e ta m

Q u i sa p i u n t ; a g i t a nt p u eri 1 nc a u t i qu e s e q u u nt u r .

Hi e d u m s u b l i m i s v e
, rs u s ru ctatu r et et rat ,

Si v e l u ti m e t u l is i n te nt as d e ci d i t au c e p s
34 H ORAC E .
[ 456 -
4 7 1

n t ) h ec h anc eto
I nte enc o u n te r in his way
So m editc h or pi t h elong e ,
no u gh m ay shou t
He lp ne ,
ighbo rs h o ,
f or non ew ill h au l h i m o u t .

Bu t w e
,
r et h ereso m ewho m pi ty m ove d to f etc h
A ropeand drag t o li f eth ec rac k bra in e d w re tch -
,

Hold sirs , I d c ry
’
For au gh t tha t you cant e
. ll ,

T h em adc a p plunge d o npurposein t his w e ll ,

And w ish e s not to live Anon th ef at e .

’

O f Si c ily s f a m e d poet I d re l at e
’ ’

E m pe do c le s w i th lorec e le s tial f rau gh t ,

A de at hl e ss god as piring to b et h ough t ,

Le ap e d into fi e ry E t n a in c old blood .

Th e sebards arelic e nse d ( b ei t unde rs tood )

To p e rish a s t h e y list Agai nst his w ill .

To savea soul w e rebarbarous as to kill .

No r is i t his fi rs t f re ak 5 an d we rei t c ross ed ,

By your kind z e al tw eres till b u t labor lost 5

’
,

H ed soon r e
’
laps e soon pl ay t h esam em ad gam e
, ,

An d by s e l f slaugh t e
-
r see k a de ss nam e
at hl e

No r is i t al tog e th e r clear w h y fi rst ,

His boso m w i t h t his sc ribbling i t c h w as curse d .

W ho know s b u t v e nge an c eb ad eh i m t hus a t one

am v e
u m f o ve
I n pu te 5 l ic e e l o ngu m Su ccu rri t
’
t
Cl am e ,t
‘
I o c iv e s !
’
non s i t qu i tol l e rec u r et .

Si c u r e t q u is o pe m fe rr eet dem i tteref u nem ,

‘
Q u i s c is a n p r u d en s h u c s e p j
ro e cer i t a t q u e
Se rv at i no l i t ? di cam Si cu l i qu epoetae
’
,

Narrab o i nte rit u m

. De u s i m m o rtal i s h ab e ri
D u m c u p it E m pe d ocl e s ard e nt e
, m f rigi d u s f E t n am

In si l u i t
. Si t j u s l i ce at qu ep e rirep 0etis 5
I nv i tu m qu i s ervat i d en1 f ac i t o cc i d enti
, .

Ne c se me l h oc f e c i t nec si t etr aot u s eri t j a m

, , ,

Fi et h o m o et p o net f am osaem ort is am orem .

Ne c sat is app are , t cu r v e rs u s f acti tet 5 u tru m

M in xe ri t i n atrios ci n
p e re s a n tr is teb i d e n,t a l
 —
47 2 47 6 ] ART OF PO ET R Y .

Sins o f d e ep dye? wh o know s b u t h eh as t hrown

So m edre ad
‘
bid e n tal f ro m i ts h allo we d bas e ,

O r to a f at h er s ashe
’
s donedisgrac e
On et hing is plain h eh as his fi ts of rage ,

And t h e n as i f so m eb e
,
a r h ad burs t i t s c age ,

W i th loathsom ere c itation pu t s to fl igh t

Le a rn ed and simple Woebe . t id e
s th ewigh t ,

W ho m e ets his c l u tc h at t h at unlu c ky t i m e ,

Hi m w ill h er e ad t o de at h an d s tun w i t h ri m e5
A ve ry lee c h th at drai ns our v i ta l fl ood ,

Nor q u i ts his ru t hle

.
ss hold t ill gorge d w ith blood

M ove
ri t i nce
s tu s c ertef u rit ao v el u t u rs u s
: ,

c tos c aveaeval u i t s i f r ang er ecl ath ros

O bj e ,

In d oct u m d o ct u m qu ef u gat reci tato r ace

rb u 5 5

Q u em v ero arri p u i t, tenet occi d itqu el egendo ,

No nmis s u ra c u te
m nis i , p l e
n a cr u o ri s , h ir u d o .
’
 VIDA S AR T OF P OET R Y
’

W IT H T HE T R A NS L A T IO N BY P IT T .

BO O K I .

I VE m e
, y es ac r e
d M u s es t o i m p art ,

T h ehidd e n se c rets o f you r t u ne f ul art 5

Givem eyo u r aw f u l m ys t eri es t o sing ,

Unlo c k and op en w ideyour sac re d sp ring 5

W hil ef ro m his in f a nc y t h ebard I le ad

And s e t h i m o nyour m o u n ta in s lo f t y h e ad
’
,

Dire c t his c ours e and point hi m o u t th eroad

,

To sing in e pi c s t rains a h ero or a god .

W h at you t h w hos ege ,

ne rous boso m p ant s f o r
W ill darew i t h m eto b e a t t hos ea rduous wa ys ,

O e
’
r high P arn a ssus p ain f u l s t e
’
eps t o go ,

And l e av et h egrov e ling m ul t i tud eb e lo w ,

Whe reth egl ad Mu s e s sing and f orm t h ec hoir ,

Wh e rebrigh t A pollo s trik e s t h esilve r l yre?

I T f as ves tra m ih iv u l gar ear c a na p er orh em ,

P ie ri d es p eni t u s qu esac ros r ec l u d eref o nt es

, ,

D u m va t e m e g gre i u m t e u c ri s e d u c et e a h a n ni s ,

He ro u m qu i f a c t a c a n at l a u d e
, s e De
v o ru m ,

Me nt eagi t o v e, s t ri qu e i n v e rti c es isterem o ntis .

E cqu i s e ri t j u v e nu m s e , g n i q u i
p l eb e rel i cta

Su b p e d i b u s p u l c h ra: l an
, d i s s u cce ns u s am or e ,

A u sit in acce s saem e c u m s e c r eder er u pi ,

Lacta u b i P i e ri d es c i th ar a d u m pu l c h er A p oll o
,

Pe rs o n at ,
i nd u l gent ch or eis et c arm i na d i cu nt ?
,
 V I DA S ’
A RT 01? PO ET R Y .
[ 1 1 - 23

Approac h th ou fi rs t gre at Fran c i s nor re ,

f use ,

To p ay d u ehonors to t h esac re d Muse5

Whil eGal lia wai ts f or t h y auspi c ious re ign ,

Ti l l agec omple te s th emonarc h inth eman .

M ean t imeth eMusemay bring somesmall re lie

f ,

To c ha rm th y anguish and su spe nd t h y grie f ,

Whilegu ilt y f ortunes s te rn d e c re es de tai n

’

The eand t h y broth e r in th ere alms o f Sp ai n ,

F ar f ar t ransport e
,
d f rom your nativeplace ,

Your c ount ry s f at h e r s and your f rie

’
,
nds e mbrac e
’
,
’

Su c h aret h ete rms t h ec ru e l f at es impos e

O nyour gr e at f at h er s tru ggling w i th his w oe , s ,

Suc h arethe ir hard c ondi tions th e y re quire

T h esons to purc has ean d re dee m th esire .

B u t ye t brav eyou t h f ro m gri e

,
f f rom t e ars abs tain
, , , ,

Fat em ay re le n t and H e ave n grow mild again 5

A t l as t p e rh aps th eglorious d ay m ay c ome
, , ,

T h ed ay th at brings our roy al e xileho me;

Wh e n t o t hy nativere
, al m s in p e ac er e s tore d ,

T h erav ish e d c rowds sh all h ail t he ir passing lord 5

Wh e ne a c h t ra nsport e d c i ty shall re j oic e ,

And na tions ble ss th e ewi th a publi c voi c e5

P ri m u e F rancisces acr as nede

s ad s , , s p i ceM u sas ,

Re g i a p ro g en i e s : c u i r eg u m d eb i ta s c e p t ra

G al l o ru m cu m firm a an
, nis acce ss e ri t ae tas .

Hae c t ib i p arva f ernu t j am nu nc s ol ati a du l c es ,

D u m p ro cu l a p atri a ra pt u m a m pl e xu
q ,u e t u oru m ,

A h d ol or ! His pania s ors i m p i a d e ti n e t oris ,

He nri c o cu m f ratr e P at ris s i c f ata tu l e

. ru n t
M ag n an i m i du m f ortu na l u ctatu r i niqu a !
,

P a r c e ta m e n pu e r o l ach rym is ; f at a aspera f orsan

M i te sce nt a d e ri tqu ed i e
, s l ae ti ss i m a t an de m ,

P os t t ri s tee x il i u m p a t r ii s, cu m re d d i t u s ori s ,

Lae ti ti am i n g e n t e m o
p p u l o ru m o m n e s
q u e ,p e r u r be
s

A ccipi e s pl a u s u s e t l ae
, tas u n d i qu e v o c e s,
42 VI DA S ’
ART 0
1r
P O ET R Y .
[ —
37 63

Apollo s answe
’
rs f rom th ePyt hi an cave .

Bu t e reyou w ri t e c onsul t y ou r s t re
, ngth and c hoos e ,

A t h em eproportion e d j u s tly to your Muse .

For though in c hi e f th e s epre ce p t s arebe s t o we d

O nh i m w h o sings a h e ro or a god ,

To ot h e r the me s th e ir ge ne ral u see xt ends ,

And se rve s in di f f e re nt v i e ws t o di f f ere nt ends .

Whe the r t h elof t y Muse w i t h tragi c rage , ,

W ould proudly stalk in bu skins on t h es t age5

O r in so f t e le gie s our pi ty m ov e ,

And show t h eyou t h in all th ef l a m e s o f lov e5

O r sing th esh e ph e rd s w o e s in hu m blest rains
’
,

And th el ow hu m ors of c onte nding sw ains 5

Th e s ef ai th f u l rule s sh all guid eth ebard along
I ne ve ry m e asu re argu m e ,
n t and song , .

Besu re w h at e , ve r you propo set o wri te ,

Le t t h ec hi e f mo t i v eb eyour o wnd e ligh t

And w e ll w e
-
igh e d c hoi ce A task e njoine d re .f us e ,

Unle ss a m onarc h should c o m m and your Muse

Phe
mo noe
s, qu aep ri ma d edi t v era v etu st as
, si ,

E x adyto h au d al i i s nu m e ri s r e s pon sa pe r or h e m .

T u ve ro i pseh u m eros ex pl orans co ns u l ep ri m u m ,

A t q u et u i s p r u d e ns ge nu s e l i gevi ri b u s ap t u m .

Nam l i c e t h i e D i v os ao D i i s g e
, ni tos h e ro as

I n p ri m is d o ce am can ere e t re ,s di c e r eges tas ,

Hae c tam ea i nterd u m m ea t ep raecep ta j u vab u nt ,

Se u scena m i ngr e die ns p op u l o s pe ct acu l a e b e

p rz s ,

Si v ee le i
g j a u v e nu m l a ch ry m as q u i b u s ig n em edu l l as
Uri t am or s e , u p a s t or u m d e m or e q u e r e l a s

E t l i tes Si c u l i v at i s m o d u l a ri a av e na ;
Si veal i u d qu o d cu nqu e c a ni s qu o c ar mi nec u nq u e , ,

Nu nqu am h i nc ned u b ita prors u m i nco ns u l tu s a b ib is

, , .

A t q u ei d e o qu o d cu nqu eau d e s q u o d c u n q u e
, a r
p atu s
A ggre de ris ti b i s i t p l ac i t u m at q u earri s e
, , ri t u l t ro

An tean i m o ; nec j u ss a c anas nis i f orteco actu s ,

M agn oru m i m p e rio regu m s iqu is ta m en u s qu am es t

,
 ]
64-6 3 BOO K 1 .

I f w emay hop et hosegold e n t im e s to se e ,

Wh e n b ards b e c om eth ec areof maj e sty ) .

Fre eand spon tan eous th es moo t h nu m be rs glide ,

Wh e rec hoi c ed e termine s and our w ills pre sid e5

Bu t at c ommand wet oil w i t h f rui t l e
, ,
ss p ain ,

And drag t h einvolun ta ry lo ad in vain .

Nor at i ts birth indulgeyour warm d e

, ,
sire ,

O nth efi rs t gli m m e ri ng o f th esac re d fi re5

De fe r t h em igh ty ta sk and we igh your pow e r
, ,

And e ve ry p a rt in e ve ry vi e w e xplore5
And l e t th et h em ein di f f e re nt prosp e c ts roll
De ep in your t hough ts and gro w in t o t h esoul ,
.

Bu t e rewi t h sa ils un f url e d you f l y away ,

An d c le av et h ebos om o f t h ebo undle ss s e a ,

A fund of w ords and i m age s pre p ar e ,

And l ay th ebrigh t m ate ri als up w it h c are ,

Wh i c h at du eti m e o ccasion m ay produ ce

, , ,

All range d in ord e r f or th epo e t s u se

’
.

So m ehappy obj e ct s by m e rec h anc earebrough t

From hidd e ncause s to t h ewand e ring t hough t ,

P ri m or e
s inte
r nos tros qu i tal i a c u ret .

O m ni a sp o ntes u a qu aenos el egi m u s i ps i

, ,

P rov e ni u nt d u ro ass e
, q u i m u r v i x j u ss a l a b or e .

Se d n e qu ecu m p ri m u m tib i m entem i no pi na c u pi d o ,

A t q u er e p e ns c al or a tt i g e r i t s u b i t
, o agg re d i en d u m e
s t
M agn u m op u s ; a dd em or am te cu m qu ei m p e
, ns iu s ant e
Co n s u l e q u i c qu id id e
, s t p art e , s qu ee x pe nd ep e r om n e s

Me nt ed i u v e rs an s d on
, e c nova c u r a s enes cat .

An t ee t i am p e l ago qu am p an das v e l a p a te nti ,

In cu m b as u eo e
q p ri i n c i p i e n s t i b i d,i g n a s u p el l ex

Ve rb o ru m re r u m u e a r an
q p d a e s t pro qu ev i d e
,
n d a

I nstant m u l ta pri u s qu oru m v atu m i nd iget u s u s ;

,

I l l is te mpu s e ri t m ox cu m l ae t ab e repa rt i s .

Sp on tes u a cl u m f ort ee
, t i am n i l tal ep u t am u s ,

I nm e nte m q u ae d am v e ni u nt q u aef ors it an u l tro

, ,
 V I DA S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .

Whic h i f onc elost you labor long in vain

, ,

To c at c h t h eide al f u gi t i v e s again .

No r m us t I f ail t h e ir c o ndu c t to e xtol ,

Who wh e ,
n th ey la y t h ebasis o f t h ew hol e ,

E xploret h ean c i e nt s w i th a wat c h f ul e y e ,

Lya al l t h eir c h ar m s an d e l e
g an c i es b y ,

Th e n t o th eir u s et h epre c io u s spoils apply .

A t fi rs t w i thou t t h el e as t re s traint c o m pose ,

And m old th ef u tu repo e m in to pros e ,

A full and prop e r seri es t o m aintain ,

And draw th ejus t c onn e c t ion in a c h a in ,

By s tate d bounds your progre ss to c ont rol ,

To j oin t h ep art s and re gulateth ew hole

,
.

And now ti s t im et o spre

’
ad t h eop e ning sails
Widet o t h ewant on w inds and fl atte ri ng gal es5
’
Tis t i m eweno w pre s c ribet h ege nuin elaws
To rais et h ebe au t e ou s f ab ri c w i th applaus e5
Bu t fi rs t so m em e t hod re quisi teapp e ars

To f orm t h eboy and mold his t e ,

nd e r ye ars .

I nvain t h eba rd t h esac re d w re at h pu rsu e s ,

Si s e me l e x ci d e ri nt n u n, qu a m rev oc ata red i b u nt ,

A tq u ee ade m s t u d io f r u s t r a e x
p e ct a b i s i na n i
.

Ne c m ih i n o n p l ace an t qu i f u n
, , dame nta l ab o ru m
Cu m j aci u n t ve , te ru m e x l or an
p t o p e r a i n c l y t a v atu m

No cte s at q u ed i e s p ass
, i m q u e a cc o mm o d a c o g u nt

A u x il ia i n
, te nti qu eaci e m pe r cu n et a v ol u tan t .

Q u i n eti am p ri u s ef figi em f orm ar esol u ti s

T o t i u squ e op e ri s s i m u l ach ru m fingerev erb i s
P ro de ri t a tq u eo m n
, es e x or d i n ene ct e rep ar te s ,

E t se ri em rer u m et c ert os tib i p oneren

, ne, s

Pe r q u os t u t a r e g e ns v e s t i g i a t en d e r e p g e r as .

J q
a m u e h i c t emp u s e r at dar evel a v oca nti b u s E u ris ,

Co nd e ndi qu eop e ris p ri mas prae s cri b e rel e g e s

A t pri u s ae t at i t e ne rseq u aec u r a co l e ndae

D ice nd u m qu antu s p u ero l a b or i m p e
, nd e nd u s .
 VI DA ’
S ART OF PO E T R Y .
[ 99 - 1 16

T h evil edi sgrac eand lu m ber of t h es c h ools .

I nv ain t h ec irc lin g you ths a blooming th rong , ,

Dw e ll on th ee te rnal j argon of h is tongu e5

De lude d f ools T h esa m eis t h e ir mist ake ,

W ho at t helimpid s tre am t h e ir t hirst may slake ,

Ye t c hoos et h etain te d w at e rs of th elake .

Le t no su c h p e s t appro ac h th eblooming c are

e
,

ravehis style and viol atehis e ,

ar ;

Bu t f ar oh f ar to som ere
,
m ote
, r plac e
D rivet h ev il ewre tch to te ac h a barbarous rac e

Now to t h eMuses st re am t h epupil b ring

’
,

To drink larged raugh ts o f t h ePi e ri an s pring ,

An d f rom h is birth t h esac re d bard adore

Nu rs e d by t h eNin eon M in ci o s flow e ry shore ’
,

And ask t h egods his nu m b e rs t o inspir e

Wit h lik einv e ntion maj e st y and h t e , , .

Her e ads As c anius d e eds w i t h e qu al flam e

’
,

And longs wi t h him to run at noble r ga m e .

Co n ntu i n m e
ve dio , s e
p t iq u ei m p u b ec oro na ,

In so l i t o
p e
n i t u s f and i d e m or e m agi s t ri ,

O b s c u ras gau de nt i n vu l gu m s pa rgerev o c e s

I rris i , f oe
d am ill u vi e
m, qu ei mm ani a m ons tra
at .

No n m i nu s a re ctx me ntis ratione f e ru n tu r

De ce p t i q u am qu i l iq u i d i cu m po cu l a f onte
, , s

Su f fici an t m al u n , t gr av eol e nte m h au ri rep al u d e

- m .

Nem ih i nete , ne rsetal i s s ead m o v e ri t au ri ,

Se d p ro cu l o p roe nl ist a f e rat n at o s qu eG e , taru m

I m b u a t au t s i qu a e
, s t ge ns t ot o o b t u si or orb e .

am u ei gi t u r m e
J q a c u r a p u er p e n e t r al i a v at u m

In g re d i a t u r e t A o n,i a s e p ro l u a t u n d a :

J am qu e s a c ru m t e u c ri s v a t em v en e re t u r a h a nnis ,

Qu em M u sa: M inc i h erb o sis al u eresu b antt is ,

A t q u e o l i m s i mi l e m po s cat s ib i nu m i na v e rs u m ,

A dm i ran s a r te m ad mi ran, s p rae cl ara r e p e r t a .

Ne c m ora j am f ay e , t A s ca n io tact u s qu e d ol o re
,

I mpu b e s le g i t eq u al e s q u o s i m,p i u s h a u s it
 ]
1 17 - 1 30 BOO K 1 . 47

For you th s o f age s pas t h emake s h is moan ,

And le arns t o pi t y y e ars so lik ehis o wn ,

W hi c h w i t h t oo swi f t and t oo se ve rea doom

T h ef at eo f war h ad hu rrie d to th et o m b .

H is e ye s f or Palla s and f o r Lau s u s fl ow ,

Mourn wi th t h e ir sire s and we e p anot h e r s wo e

,
’
.

Bu t w h e n E uryalus in al l his c har ms , ,

I s s nat c h e d by f at ef rom his d e ar m o t h e r s arm s ’

,

And as h erolls in d e
,
at h t h epurplefl oo d ,

Stre a ms o u t an d stains his sno wy li m bs w i t h bloo d

, ,

His soul t h epangs of ge ne rous sorrow pi e rc e ,

And a ne w te a r st eals o u t at e ve ry ve rse .

Me an t i m ew i t h bol d e r s teps th eyou t h pro c e eds ,

And t h eGre e k po e ts in su cce ssion re ads 5

Se asons to e i th e r t on gu ehis t e nd e re a rs 5

Co m p are s th eh e ro es gloriou s c h arac te rs 5

’

Se es h ow E n e a s is hi m s el f alone ,

T h edraf t o f P e le us and Lae rt es son’ ’

,

How by th epo e t s art i no n ec onspire

'
’

Ulysses c ondu ct and A c hill e

’
s fi re ’
.

Bu t n ow young bard w i t h s t ri c t at t e
,
nt ion he ,
ar ,

Ant ed i e
m M ayors , e t ac e rb o f u nerem ers it .

M u l ta su p e r La ns o s u p er et P all antep erempto

,

M u l t a rogat l ach rym as i n

, te r q u oqu es i ng u l a f u ndit
Carm i n a c ru de,
l i cu m rap t u m m ort ep a r e nti
A h ! m ise rael e g i t E u ry a l u m p u l c h s q e e a r t u s
ro u , p r

P u rp u re u m le t o d u m v ol v i t u r i recru o re
, m , .

Ne c n on i n tere a G rai o s acc e de r ev ate s

A u de at e, t l in g n a m t e u c r i s as s u e s ca t u t ra m q u e
An t ib u s e xe
, rce ns nu nc h anc nu nc i m p ige r i ll a m
, .

Nu lla m or a e st n os tro [ E ne
, aej am co n fe re t i gn e is
[ E aci d e n flagrant e m ani m i s I th acu m qu ev aga n , te m ,

A t q u eam b o s ste p e i m pe l l e t c o n c u rr e re v a t es .

Nu nc ge m in as
p u e r ,
h u e au r
, e s h u e d iri g e m, e nt e
m .

Nam q u i a no n p au co s p art ee
, x u t ra u e o e
q p t as
48 V I DA S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .
[ 131 - 1 43

And d rink m y pre ce p t s inat e it he re ar ;

Sinc em igh ty c row ds o f poets you m ay fi nd ,

Crowds o f th eGre ci an and Ausoni an kind ,

Le arn h e n cew hat bards to quit or to pu rsu e ,

To shun th ef alse and to e m brac eth etru e

, .

No r is i t h ard to c ull e ac h nobl epi e ce ,

And po int ou t e ve ry gl orious son o f Gre ece ,

Abo vew hos enu m b e rs Ho m e r si t s on high ,

An d sh in e s supre m ein dis ta n t m aj e s ty 5

Who m wi th a re ve rent e y e t h e r e s t re g a rd ,

And oweth e ir rap tur e s to t h eso v e re ign bard

Through him t h egod t heir p anting souls inspire s ,

Sw e lls eve ry bre as t an d wa rm s w i t h al l his fi re

,
s .

Bl es t we ret h epo e t s w i t h t h eh allo we , d rage ,

Traine d u p in th at and t h esu cc e e ding age5

As t o his t im ee ac h po e t ne are r dre w
His spre ading f am ein j u s t proport ion gre w ;
By lik ed e grees t h en e xt d e ge ne rat erac e
Sunk f ro m th eh e igh t o f honor to disgrac e .

And no w th ef am eo f Gr e ec ee xt ingu ish e d lies ,

He r an c i ent langu agew it h h e r glory di e s5

He r banish e d prin c e s mourn th eir ravish e d c rowns ,

Nos tros qu e Grai osqu et ib i s eofl e rr ev i d e b is

'

, ,

Q u os h ic evi tes q u i b u s i dem fid eret u t u s

,

E v al e as, d i cam n , eq u i s t ef al l e re oss i t

p .

Hau d m u l t u s l ab or au tor e s t i b i p ro d e reG rai os ,

Q u o s i nter p o l i tu r s cep tris i ns ignis H o m eru s

Hu nc o m ne s al ii o b s e rvant, h i nc p ec torenu m en
Co n ci p i u n t v at e s b l an
, d u m qu e H e l i co n is am ore m .

e l i ce s q u o s i l l a ae tas q u os p ro t u l i t i l l i
‘

P ro x i m a . D i v ino q u an t o q u i s q u eo rt u s Hom e ro
Vi ci n u s m agi s e , s t ta n to p rae s ta n ti or o mn is .

De g e n e r a n t ad e o m ag i s ao m a g i s u s q u e m i nor es ,

O bl i ti v e te ru m p rae cl a ra i n v enta p arentu m .

J q
a m u e f er e I n ac h iae re s ti nct a e s t g l ori a l i n
(

g u ae
50 V I DA ’
S ART OF P O ET R Y .
[ 1 59 - 1 7 2

And s e ts t o v i e w t h eprin c ipl e s o f t hings 5

E ac h p ar t was f air an d be au t i f u l t h ew hol e
, ,

An d e ve ry linewas ne c tar to t h esoul .

By su c h d e gre e s th ev e rse as age s roll e d , ,

Was s tam p e d to f orm and t ook th eb e , au t eous mold 5

A u so n i a s bards dre
’
w o f f f ro m e ve ry p a r t

T h ebarb arous dre gs and c iv iliz e d th eart 5

,

Till liketh eday al l shining and s e

, ,
re ne ,

That drive s th ec louds and c le ars t h egloo m y s c e ne ,

Re fin e s t h eai r an d brigh t e ns up th eski e s ,

Se eth em aj e s tic he ad o f V irgil ris e ,

Ph oe bus undoub te ’
d son wh o cle a rs th erus t

O f th erough an c i e n ts and shake s o f f th e

,
ir dust .

H eon e ac h lin ea nobl e r grac ebe s tow e d5

H et hou gh t and spok ein e ve ry w ord a god .

To grac ethis m igh ty b ard yeM u s e s bring , ,

You r c hoi c e s t dow e rs and rifleal l t h espring ,

.

Se eh o w th eGre c i an ba rds at dis tan c et hro w n , ,

W i t h re ve re n c eb o w t o this dis tinguish e d son

I mm orta l sounds his gold e n line s i m p ar t ,

And naugh t canm atc h his ge nius b u t his art 5

E x pl o ra rea u s i e ne
, ru n
c ci t c arm i n ed u l c i ,

O m ni a P i e rio s p arg entes nectarev ates .

A tq u e i t a d e i nd er u d e s pa u l a ti m s u m e r e v ers u s
Coe p e ru n t f or m am i n s i gn e m p en i t u s q u e L
, a t i n i
A gre s te m e xu e ru nt m or e m l i qu i d i ss i m a d o ne
, c
Te m pe s t as v e l i p os t nu b i l a e
l u ti c oe t i m h re s , ,

E x t u l i t os s a c r u m s o b o l e ,
s ce rt i ss i m a P h oe bi ,

Vi rgi li u s qu i m ox v e
, te r u m s u a l o res i t u
, q q u e
De te rs o i n m el i u s m ira o m nia rett u l it arte
, ,

V o ce m ani m u m qu eD e o s i m il is : d a t el i l i a p l e nis ,

P ie ri d es cal ath is tanto qu eass u rgi teal u m no !

, ,

U nu s h i c i nge nio p rae s ta n t i ge nti s A ch i vae

D ivi no s v a te s l on g es u p e rav i t et art e , ,

A u re u s ! i mm or tal es o n an s ! s tu
p e t i p s a p a v e t u
q , e ,
1 73 -
1 36 ] BO O K 1 .

nG re
E ve e
cetu n pal eand tre
r s mb l e
s at hi s f a me ,

Wh ich s h ad e
s th elu s treof h e
r H o mer s name
’
.

I nall iB engt h and glory to t h eski e

st r s ;

Su c h gl o ry ne ve r co u l d s h eb oas t b e f ore ,

No r co u ld su cc e edin g p o ets m a k e i t m o r e .

Fro m t h at bl e s t pe riod t h epo e t i c sta t e

R ando wnth epre ci pi c eo f ti m ea n d f ate5

De ge ne rat esou l s s u cc e ed a wre tc he d t rai n
, ,

And h e r ol d f a m eat o ncedre w ba c k again .

On et o h is ge niu s tru s ts i ne ve ry pa rt ,

An d sco rn s t h eru l e s an d disciplin eo f art ,

Wh ilet his ane m pty t ideo f so und afl ord s

'

And roars and t h u nd e rs ina s t orm o f w o rds .

So m e musi cally du ll all m e

,
t hod s t ry
,

To winth ee ar wi t h sw e et s tu pidi ty ,

Un ru fl l e
‘
d s train s f o r solid w it dispe ns e ,

And giv eu s numbe rs w h e n wecall f o r se nse .

Till f rom th eH e
,
spe rian plains and Ti b e r c h as e
d ,

F rom R om eth ebanish e d Sis te rs ti e d at las t ,

Drive n by th ebarba rou s nat ions who f ro m f ar ,

Q u a m v is ing e
n t e
m m i ret u r ci a Ho m e
G rze ru m .

Hand al io ete
La ti u m t ant u m m p or ej actat :
s

Tu n el i ngu aeA u s o niaepo t u i t qu aem ax i m a virtu s

E ss e f u i t 5 coe
, l oqu ei n ge ns s egl ori a v e x it

I tal ian sperar enef as s i t v at ib u s u l tra .

Nu l l a m ora e x il l o i n p e
, j u s r u er eo m ni a v isa ,

De ge n er a r ean i m i , a t q u e r e t ro r e s l a p s a ref e
rri .

H i enam qu ei nge nio co nf i s u s p os t h ab e t ar te m

I l l ef u ri t strepi tu tend itqu eae
, qu ar e t u b a ru m
Voc es o nos vers u s qu et onat s i nem or ep er omnes 5
,

D ant al ii c an t u s v a c u os e t in an
, ia ve rb a
I ncass u m so l a c ap ti d u l ce
,
d i ne v oe is ;
P ie ri d es d o nec R om am et T yb eri na flu enta
,

De se ru e re I tal i s e
,
x u l sae ro t i n
p p u s ori s .
52 V I DA S ’
ART 0 1? P O ET R Y .
[ 1 87 - 261

Burs t in to Lati u m w i th a t id eof war .

He nc ea vast c ha ngeo f t h e ir old manne rs s prun g ,

T h eslave s we ref orc e d to sp e ak t h e ir m as te r s t ongue5 ’

No hono rs now w e rep aid t h esac re d Mus e ,

Bu t all w e rebe n t on m e rc e n a ry v i e ws 5
Till Latium saw wi t h joy t h eAo ni an train
By t h egre at M e dic i re s t ore d aga in .

T h eillus t rious M e di c i o f Tu s ca n rac e

, ,

We reborn to c h e rish l e arning in di s grac e ,

Ne w li f eon e ve ry sc i e nc eto be st ow ,

And lull th ec rie s o f E urop ein h e r w oe .

Wi t h pit y t h e y be he ld t hos eturns o f f ate ,

And propp e d t h eruins of th eGre cian s tate5

For l e
, st h er w i t should p e rish w i th h e r f am e ,

Th e ir ca resupport e d s t ill th eArgivenam e .

Th e y c alle d th easpiring you t hs f rom dis ta nt p art s ,

To pl ant Ausonia wi th t heGre c ian art s 5

To bask in e ase an d sc i e
, n c eto dif f us e ,

And to re st oret h ee m pireo f t h eMus e .

Th e y se nt t o ravage d provin c e s w i t h c a re ,

T anti c au sa m al i Lati o ge ns as pera apert o

Sae
p i u s i rru m pens : s u nt j u ss i v erter em or em
Au so ni da
v i eti vi ct o ris v o ci b u s u s i
,

Ces s i t am or M u sa ru m ; ar t e s s u b ie rer e
p e
n t e
Ind ign e atqu eo pib u s cu ncti i ncu b u ereparand is
a , .

Jam p ri d e
m n A u s o ni o s i nv ise
t am e rer u rs u s

Coe
p e
ru nt, Me
di cu m r ev o c ata mu nere M u sas ; ,

T u sco ru m M e d i cu m qu o s tan
, de m p ro t u l i t aet as

E u ro paei n tan ti s so l am e n d u l c eru i nis .

I l l i eti am G raiaem is erati i nc omm oda g entis

, ,

NeB anau m p e nit u s cad e re t cu m n o m i nev irtu s ,

I n Lat i u m ad v e ctos j u v e ne s j u ve, nu m qu emagi s tros ,

A rgol i cas ar t e s qu ib u s e ss e t c u r a tu eri ,

Se cu ros M u sas j u ss e re a tq u eo t i a am a r e
,
.

I l l i eti am c ap tas l atem iserep er u rb es ,

 V I DA ’
S ART OF P OET R Y .
[ 21 3- 234

T h eblam e
less t u t or f ro m housand c hoos e a t ,

O nef r om hi s soul d e v o ted t o t h eMuse5

Who ple ,
as e d th et e nde r pupil to im prove ,

Re gards and lov e s h i m wi th a f ath e r s lov e ’

.

You t h of it s e
,
l f t o nu m erou s i lls be tray e d ,

Re qu ire s a prop and w ant s a f ore ign aid 5

,

Unl e ss a m as t e r s rule s his m ind incl in e

’

To loveand c ul ti vatet h esacre d Nine ,

His t hough t s a t hou sa nd obj e cts w ill e m ploy ,

And f ro m Parnassus l e ad t h ew an de ring boy .

So t rust s t h esw ain t h esaplings to t h ee art h ,

So hope s inti m et o s eet h esprou ting birt h 5

Agains t t h ewi nds de fensi v eprops h ef orm s ,

To shi e ld th ef u tur ef ore st f rom t h es t orm s ,

Th at e ac h e m bold e ne d pl an t at l engt h m ay rise

I nve rdant prid e and shoo t int o th eski e ,
s .

Bu t l e t t h egu id e if ee r h ew o u ld i m pro ve
’
,

H is c h arge avoid hi s h atea n, d wi nhis lov e ,

Le st in his ragewrong m e asu re s h em ay ta ke ,

Si cu b i M u s ar u i ns ignis et a rt e
m st u d i is , ,

Q u i c u r as d u l c e
s c a riq u ep ar enti s am orem
,

I nd u a t at q u ev e
, l i t bl and u m p e rf e
rrel ab or e
m .

I lla s u is ni ti no ndu m au s i t vi ri b u s zetas ,

E x te rnaes ed op is al i ena qu ei nd ig a c u rseest

, .

Nam p u eru m u i p rae,se nt is vi s fi d a re g ent i s

A ds i t e
, t hu n c d u l ce m s t u d i o ru m i nf u nd at am ore m ,

I ll e ce b raesa cri s av e rt a n t m i l l eCam oe nis ,

De ce t u m f al s a m e li i i m a g i n e c u rse
p o r s .

Si c q u o qu eu b i cu l ti s p l a n tas d e f odi t i nh o rti s

A g ri c ol a e t te
, ne ras t e l l u ri cre d i d i t al mae ,

F rax i ne os c o n t os s u b i t o e r i gi t et s u a cu i qu e
,

R o b o ra u t i n
, nix aev e nt os coe li qu eru i n am

Co nt e mn an t s u rga n
, t qu el e v es i m p u nep er a u ras .

I l l ea u t em p u et i cu i cr ed ita c u ra col endi

,

A rtib u s e r e
g g s i n p ri m is o p t e
i i , t a m a ri ,

A tqu eo d i u m ca ri s u p e r o m nia v i tet al u mni

235- 250] BOO K 1 . SS

And lo at h et h eMuse s f or th et e ac h e r s s ak e ’
.

His soul t h e n slac ke ne d f ro m h e r n a t i v ef orc e ,

Fl ags at th ebarri e r and f orge ts th ec ou rs e .

No r by your ang e r b eth eyou t h o eraw e d

’ ’

Bu t sco rn t h eung e ne rous pro vinc eof th erod 5

T h eof f end e d Muse s ne ve r cansus ta in
To h e ar t h eshri e kings o f t h et e nde r trai n ,

Bu t s tung w i th gri e
,
f an d anguish h ang b e hind , .

D am p e d is t h esprigh tly vigor o f t h em ind 5

T h eboy no d aring i m age s inspire ,

No brigh t id e as s e t his t hough t s on fi re5

Hedrags on h e av ily t h eungrat e f ul lo ad ,

Grown ob sti nate l y d u ll an d se ason e d to th erod

, .

I know a pe dant w h o t o p enan c ebrough t

,

His tre m bl ing pupi l s f or t h eligh te s t f aul t ,

His soul transport e d w i t h a stor m o f ire ,

And all t h eraget h at m ali c ec ould inspire5

By t urns th et ort uring sc ourge s w em igh t h e ar ,

By turns t h eshri e ks of w re tc h es s tunn e d th eear .

St ill to m y m ind t h edireide as ri s e ,

Nef ort ee t sa c r as s rm u l o de ri t i ll eCam oe nas

I mp ru d e ns e, t a d h u c ta n taed u l ce din is e x e
p rs ;
De fici a nt qu ea ni m i s t u d i oru m i n l i m i n eprim o .

P on i tecru d e les ir as e t fl ag ra m agi s tri

, ,

F oe d a min is teri a atqu em i ni s ab sis ti teacerb is

, .

Nem i h i ne qu ae , so p
, u er u m q u i s v e r b e r a c o g a t
D u ra p a t i ; n eq u eeni m l ach rym as au t d u l c i s al u m ni
,

Ferr equ eu nt M u sas gem i t u s ae , g qra e u e r e c e d u n t ;

I l l i u s qu e cad u n t an i mi nec j am am pl i u s au det
,

Sp o n tes u a qu i cqu a m e g g
r e i u m i
, n gr a t u m q u e l a b or e
m
In v i t u s t r ah i t w gre a n , i m o qu ead v e rb era d u rat .

V i d i ego qu i s em per l ev i a oh c omm i ss a v ocaba t

,

A d pa e nam p u e f u ri is i n s u rg e r e et i ra
'

ro s , ,

Te rribil e m in
, vi s o s v e l u ti sae v i re t i n h os te s;

Hi nc se m pe r gem it u s h inc verb era d ira s o nah ant

, .

A tqu e e q u i d e m m em i n i c u
, m f o r m i d a t u s i n i q u i s
 VI D A S A RT
’
OF P O ET R Y .
[ 261 - 2w

Wh e n rageunusu al s parkl e d in his e yes 5

Wh e n w it h t h edre a d f ul s c ourgeins ul t i n g loud ,

T h etyra nt t e rri fi e d t h ebloo m ing c row d .

A boy th ef aire
, s t of th ef righ t e d t rain ,

Who ye t s car c egav et h epro m is eo f a m an ,

Ah dis m al obj e c t idly passe d th ed ay

I nall t h et hough t l e ss innoc e n c eof play 5
Wh e n 10 th ei m perious w re tc h in fla m e d w i th rage
, ,

Fi erce an d re
,
gardl e ss o f his te nd er age ,

Wi th f ury s t orm s 5 t h ef aul t his c l am ors urge5

His hand high w av ing brand ish e
-
s th esc ourge5
Te ars v o w s an d praye rs t h et yra n t s e ars ass ail ’
, , , ,

I nvain 5 nor t e ars nor vo ws nor pray e rs pre vail

n
, , , .

T h et rem bling inno c e t f ro m d e ep de spair

Sic ke ned and bre,
at h e d his li ttlesoul in ai r .

For h i m be ne at h, his popl ar m ourns th eP o ,

For hi m t h et e a rs o f ho ary Se ri u s fl o w

e
,

For hi m t h ir t e ars t h ew at e ry si s ters sh e d ,

Who love d h i m living and de plore

,
d h i m de ad

T h ef urious p e d a n t t o re st rain his rage

, ,

Should m ark t h eexam pl eo f a f or me r age ,

re
U rg e t p oe nis , s ol i to qu eim m ani or i ll e
Te rreret tu rb a m i n val i da m , ( m is erab il ev is u ! )
Fortep u er p ri ma s ig na ns no nd u m o ra j u v enta ,

I ns igni s f ac i eanteal ios ex egerat om nem

,

Cu m s o c iis l u d e ns l u ce m ob l i tu s qu e ti m ori s
,

P os t h ab u i t l u d o j u sso s e rev e
d is ce rs u s .

E cc e! f u r e ns a ni m is m u l ta i ncre p a t i l l e m i ni
,s q u e
In ns sw v o p av i ta te
s u rg e m te rri ta t o re

Ho rre nd u m , et l ori s d e
x tra m cru de l ib u s a rm a t .

Q u o su b i to t e
rrorep u e r m i s era b i l i s a c ri
Co rri p i t u r m orb o ; p a r v o i s pos t t e m po r evi t am
Cre sce nte m b l an d a c oe l i s u b l u c ere l i qu i t .

I l l u m p op u l i f e
r P a d u s , i ll u m Se ri ns i m is
Se ri a d es qu ed i u Ny m ph aefl e ve res u b u n d is .

Te m porej am e x ill o, v a te m cu m d u r a j u b e nt e
m
58 VI DA S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .
[ 232- 297

Bu t gif t s propos e d w ill urget h e m be st t o ris e5

F ire d at t h eglorious prosp e c t o f a pri z e ,

Wi t h nobl ej e alousy t h ebloo m ing bard

Re ads l abors glo w s an

,
d strains f o r th er e
, , w ard ,

Fe a rs l e st his h appy ri v al w i nt h era c e ,

And rais ea t riu m ph on his o wndisgrac e .

Bu t w h e n on c ese ason ed to t h eraged i vine ,

Helove s and c ourts th erap ture s of th eNine ,

T h ese nseof glory and t h eloveo f f am e , ,

Se rveb u t as s e c ond m o t iv e s to t h efl am e5
T h et hrilling pl e asureal l t h eb ard subdu e s ,

Lo c ke d in t h es t ri c t e m brac e s o f t h eMus e .

Se e! w h en h arsh p are nts f orc et h eyou t h t o quit ,

For m e an e r arts th ed e ar d e ligh t s o f w it

, ,

I f ee r t h ew on t e d w arm t h his t hough t s inspire

’
,

And w i th past pl e asure s se t his m ind on fi re ,

How f ro m his soul h elongs b u t longs in vain , ,

To h aunt th egrov e s and purling s t re a m s again 5

No s t e rn c o mm ands o f p are n t s canc ont rol ,

No f orc ecanc h e c k t h es alli es o f his soul .

P ol l i ci t u s, e lecre m v ec ah e m pi ctam v eph are

, tram .

Conti n u o v id e as s t u d io ge s t ir el e g e n d i
A rd e nte m ao s e, ra s u b no c teu rger el ab or em ,

D u m ti m e t al t e ri u s c api t i s pec tat ec o t onam .

A st u b i s p o ntes u a s t u di a h ae c assu erit am are ,

am n n n i m or n o n i l l u m gl ori a t an
J o l a d s a , t u m
Sol l i ci ta t s e, d m ir a o p e ru m d u l ce din ec ap tu s
M u saru m n e qu i t av el l i co m p l ex i b u s arcti s .

Nonnev i d e s d u ri n
, at os u b i saz e a r e
p p n t e
s

D u l cib u s am oru nt s t u di i s e t d i s ce
, reav a ras

J u ss e ru n t a r t es m ,en t e m s i q u a n d o l i b i d o
No t a s u b i t s ol i taqu eani m u m d u l ce
, d in em ov i t ,

Ut l ae ti ru rs u m i rri gu os a cc e de ref o ntes

A rd e s ca n t s t u dn s et n
, ota rev is ereT em p e?
E x u l ta n t an i m is c u p i d i p u gnantqu ep arent u m
,

I m pe ri i s ; n e u i t ard e n t es v i s u ll a m or ari
q .
23 -31 2] 300K 1 . 59

So burns th ec ours e r se ason e d to th ere in ,

Th at spi e s his f e m al es on a dist an t pl ain ,

And longs t o act his pl e asu re s oe r again 5

’

Fire d wi th re me m bran c eo f his joys h ebounds, ,

Hef oam s and stri ve ,

s to re ac h t h ew e ll k now n grounds -
5
T h ego rin g sp urs his f urious fl am e s i m pro v e ,

And rousewithin hi m all t h erageof lov e5

Pli ed w i t h t h esc ourgeh es ti l l ne gle c t s his has t e ,

And m ove s re lu c tant w h e n h em ove s at l ast ,

Re verts his e y e r egre t s t,

h e dis t a n t m a r e ,

And n e ighs i m p at ie nt f or th edappl e d f air .

Ho w o f t t h eyou th w ould long to c h ang ehis f ate ,

Who high advan c e

, d t o all t h epomp o f st ate ,

W it h gri e f his gaudy load o f grand e ur vi e ws ,

Los t at t oo high a dis ta nc ef ro m t h eMus e

How o f t h esighs by w arbling s t re a m s t o ro v e ,

And qui t t h epal ac ef or t h eshady grove5

How of t in Tibur s c old re tr eat s t o li e
’
,

And gl adly s t oop to c h e e rf ul pove rt y ,

Be ne at h t h erigor o f th ewi n t ry sky

Bu t y e t h ow m any c u rs et h e ir f ruitl e ss t oil ,

Si c ass u etu s e qu u s j am d u ri s ora l u patis ,

Fo rt epro cu l notis s i arm enta as pex i t i n arvi s ,

Hu ev e te ru m f e rri c u p it h au d ob l i tu s am oru m ,

A t qu eh i c at q u ei ll i o h ae re
, t f rae ni s qu ere p gu n a t ,

Q u o v e m a g i s s t i m u l i s i n s t
, a s h o c ac r i u s i ll e
Pe rf u ri t 5 i t ta n de m m u l t o v ix v e rb et ev i c tu s
Coe p t u m i t e r : i p s a t a m en re spe cta n s c re b r a m or atu r
P as c u a e ,
t h in ni tu l atel o c a c om pl e t ac u t o .

A h ! q u oti e s al i qu is s a c ros re m i ni s ci t u r ae g e r
F on te s in cas s u m , e t l u co s s u s pi rat am ato s
D u l cib u s e re p t u s M u s i s p u e
, r a t ri a u t a l ta
In co l e re t re g u m r e b u s p r a ef ec t u s a g e n d i s !
T yb u re qu am m al l e t ge , l i do au t s u b T u s cu l o i n i qu am
P au p e ri e m qu ep at i e , t ve nt os p r ef et t eni v al e s !

Co nt r a au t e m v an u m m u l ti e fi u de rel ab or e
'

m ,
 VI DA S A RT OF P O E TR Y
’
.

Wh o tu rnand cu l tivat ea barre nsoil

T h is e, ret oo l a t e t h emas t e ,
r may d ivi ne
By a sm eom e nand a ce rtai nsi gn;

T heh o pe f u l yo u t h d e te rm in
, ed b y his ch oi ce ,

Works wi t h o u t pre ce p t a n d p re v e
,
n ts a d v i c e ,

C on su l ts h is t e ac h e r pl i e s hi s t as k wi t h j oy
, ,

An d a qu i ck se nseof glo ry fi re s t h eboy .

Hechal le nge s t h ecrowd 5 t h ec on que st o e r

’
,

Hestru ts away t h evi c t or o f anh ou r .

Th e n v an, q u is h e d in h i s t u rn o e r w h e l m e d, w i ’
th
Hew e e p s h e ,p in es h e si c k e
,ns w i t h d esp a ir ;
Nor l oo ks h is l itt l eri vals in th ef ace ,

Bu t fl ie s f or s h e l ter to so m elon e ly pla c e ,

T o mournh is sha me an d c o ve ,r his disgrac e .

Hi s m as te r s f rowns impati e
’
nt to sus ta in ,

Straigh t h ere turns an d w i ns th ed ay again

, .

This i s th eboy h is be t te r f a te s de sign

To riset h ef u turedarling o f t h eNin e5
For him th eMuse s we av et h esa c re d c rown ,

And bright Apollo c laims h i m f or his own .

ast hop et h eu na c ti v eyou t h canraise

Not th ele ,

Qu os f ru s t rae x col u iss es ol u m m al epi n g u i s a r enae

P oe ni tu it ve , ntis qu ev i am te ntass ene g s
a t i .

Q u o d necu i s e ro c onti ngat f orted o c enti ,

Co n ti n u o p ot e ri t c e rti s praas cis ceres ignis .

Nam qu ep u e r nu l l is rectoru m h ort atib u s i pse

Sp ontes u a e xe rce tu r a matqu e ro gatqu ed o c e
, , ntes

P ri m u s i n , ard e sci tqu e i n ge nti l au d i s amor e .

P ro v o cat h i n c s o c io s
p u l c h r a a d certam i n a p ri m u s ,

E x u l tatqu ean i mo v i c tor ; s u p eratu s am aris

M o rde tu r c u ri s l ate , b ras qu e e t s ol a r e
, q u i r i t
In fe l i x l o c a ; ad ae q u al e s p u d e t i re gr a v e s
, q u e
V u l tu s f e rrenequ it c ari rectoris i nu l tu s .

Ne c l ach r m i s
y p e ni tu s c a ru e ru n t o ra d e co r i s .

I I i c mi h i s eDi vi s f atisqu ev ol e ntib u s afl e

'

, rt ,

Hu i c M u sa i ndu l ge nt omne s hu n c p os ci t A p ol l o
, .
62 VI DA ’
S A RT OF PO ET R Y .
[ 344- 353

Hunt th ef l e e t moun ta in goat or f ore st hind

- -
.

Me an tim et h eyou t h i m p at i e,
n t t hat thed ay
Should p as s in pl e asure s uni m prov e d aw ay ,

Ste al s f ro m t h eshou t ing c ro w d a n d qui t s t h eplains

, ,

To sing t h esylva n gods inrural st rai ns ,

01 calls t h eMus e s to A lbu n e a s sh ade s ’

,

Court s and e nj oys th evisionar y m aids .

So l abore d he lds w i t h c rops al t e

,
rnat ebl e st ,

By tu rns li ef al lo w an d indulg et h e ir re st 5
T h es wain c onte nte d bids th ehungry soil
E njoy a sw e e t v i c issi tud ef rom t oil ,

T ll l e art h rene ws h e r ge nial powers t o be ar ,

And pays his prud e nc ew it h a bounte ous y e ar .

O u a s t ri c t vi e w your solid judg m e nt f ra m e ,

Nor think t h at ge nius is in all th esam e .

Ho w of t t h eyou t h w h o w ant s t h esa c r e

,
d fi re ,

Fo n dl y m is ta ke s f or ge nius his d e sire ,

Courts th ec oy Mus e s though r e ,

je c ted still ,

Nor Naturese c onds his m isguid e d w ill

Hest ri ve s h et o ils wi t h unavailing c are
, ,

Vel o c es cap reas au t t e

, ndat r e ti a c ervi a .

Non il l einte re a pe ni tu s p at i e
tu r i nan e
‘

m
I red i e m ; co m it u m coe t u s es u b trah e t u l tro
In terd u m et s ol a s e
, c u m m ed itab i tu r u m b ra
A gre s tem Fa n nis l au de m M u s as qu es u b al ta
,

Co nsu l e
t Al b u ne a vi t re as A n ie nis ad u ndas .

Ne m p ee ti am al te rn is r e qu i es c er ef oe t i b u s a rv a
Pe rm i tt u n t s pon t eag ri col ae e t ce
, ss ar en oval es
In te re a vi r es te l l u s i nar ata re s u m it ,

Qu iqu es u b it l argi s res po ndet f ru gi b u s annu s .

V eru m non eadem tam en om ni b u s es s em em ento

I ngeni a I nv ent u s se e e e s t i c ar m i n a c u rse
.
p c u , ,

Cu i pl ace an t M u sas cu i n
, o n s i t l ae va v ol u ntas ;
Ni ti t u r i ll etam e n f r u s tr a e t co n
, te nd i t i nani
De l u s u s s tu d io v e
, ti ti s qu eacci n g i t u r a n s i s
369- 37 4] BOO K I .

Nor H e av e n re le nts nor Phoe bus h e ,

ars his p raye
r .

Hew i th su cc e ss perh aps m ay pl e

,
a d a c aus e, ,

Shin eat th eb ar and fl ou ris h by t h elaws 5

. ,

Pe rhaps dis c ove r Natures se c re t springs

’
,

And bring to ligh t t h eoriginals of things .

Bu t som e t im e s pre ce p t will su c h f orc ei m part ,

Th at Natureb e nds be ne at h t h epo we r of art .

Be sid es tis no ligh t provin c et o re

,
’
move
Fro m t h erash boy th efi e ry p angs o f lov e ,

Till rip ein y e

,
ars an d morecon
,
fi rm e d in age ,

Hel e arns t o b e ar t h efl am e s o f Cupid s rage ’

.

O f t hidd e n fi re s on al l his v i tals pr e y ,

De v our t h eyout h and m e lt h i s soul away

,

By slow d e gree s blot ou t his gold e

,
n dre ams ,

T h etun e f u l po et s an d C as talian st re ams .

Stru c k wi t h a se cre t wound h ewe e ps and sighs 5 ,

I ne ve ry though t th edarling ph antoms ris e5

T h ef an c i e d ch arm e r sw i ms be f orehis sight ,

His t h e meall d ay his vision al l thenigh t 5

,

T h ewand e ring obj e c t take s up al l his c are ,

Nu mi na l ae
va ob stant p recib u s qu ev ocat u s A p ol l o
, .

C rab i t m e l i u s c au sas f o rs i ll e an im o qu e,

Natu ram e , t cae cos r e ru m scru tab i tu r ortu s .

Se e
p e ta m e n cu l t u s qu e f req u en s e t c u ra d oce
, ntu m
I mpe rat i n g e n i is n
, atu ra u efi e
q ct i t u r a r te .

Ne c l ab or ill eq u i d e m re cto rib u s u l ti mu s ac r e s

I nc au to j u v eni sti m u l os avert er eam oris ,

D on e c cre sce nte m d o ce

'

at m a t u ri o r ae tas
Ferr ej u gu m atqu ef ac es sae
, v i qu eCu i d i n
, p i s ir as .

Saep e e t n
e i m t e c tos im mi tis i n oss ib u s ignes
Ve rsa t am or , m ol l e s qu ee st i n tu s c u ra m e d u l l as ,

Ne c m ise ru m p ati t u r v atu m m e min i ss e n ec u n, dae

Cas tal iae: tan tu m s u s pi rat v u l n e r e csac c .

An teo cu l o s s im u l ach ra v ol an t n octe s qu ed i e s qu e

Nu nti a virgi nei v u l tu s q u e m pe

, rdi t u s ard e t .

Ncc p oti s e s t al io fix am t r ad u c e t em e nt em
 VI DA S A R T O F ’
PO E TR Y .

Nor ca nhequ i t t h ei maginary f air .

Me an t i m ehis sire u n co n sci ou s o f hi s pain

, ,

App lie s t h ete m pe re d me d ici n e s i nvai n;

T h ep lagu eso d e e p l
, y roo te d i n h is h ea rt ,

M ocks e ve r y s ligh t att e m pt o f P a ns ar t 5

’

T h efla m e s o f Cu p id all his b re as t i n s pire ,

An d i nt h elove r s que nc h t h epoe t s fi re

’ ’
.

Wh en in h is ripe r ye ars w it h o u t con tr ol , ,

T h eNi n ehavet oo k posse s si o no f hi s so ul 5

'

Wh e n sac re
,
d to t h e ir god t h ec row nh ew e a rs
, ,

To ot h e r aut h o rs l e t h i m be nd his ca re s ,

Cons ul t t he ir s tyle s e xa m i nee ve ry part, ,

An d a n e w tin ct ureta k ef ro m e ve ry art .

F irs t s tu dy Tully s lan gu ag e a n d

’
his s ens e .
,

And ranget hat bou ndle ss fie ld of e loque nc e5

Tully R om es o t h e r glory sti ll afl o rd s
'
’
, ,

T h ebe st e xpre ssio n s and th eri c h e s t w ords ;

A s high o e r al l i ne loqu e nc eh est ood
’
,

A s R om eo e r al l t h en ations s h esubdu e d
’
.

Le t him r e ad m e nand m anne rs and e xplore ,

Sau ci u s : i gnari nte

rep ar e
f ru s tra m isce s

P ae
o ni cs s u cc os ,
eM ach ao nis arte
me
d i casqu s

Co n su le re : in tere a pe ni t u s c al or i l l ere l in qu i t

P ie ri u s : to rqu e nt al ii c or m ol l ec al or e s .

Cu m v e ro j am p u b es c ens m enteal ti u s h au s it
M u s aru m d u l ce m s an ct i qu e He l i co nis am o re m ,

E t se s eP h oe b o ad dix i t pro pri u m qu esa crav i t

, ,

Hau d tant u m e x l o re t v at u m m o n u me n t a se d i d e
m
p
‘

Co n s u l at atq u eal ios au t or e

, s d i scat u t a c ri

Nu l l a s i t i nge nio q u am non l ih av e ri t a r t e m .

P ro de ri t i n p ri m i s li ng u am Ci ce ro n i s ad u n g u em
F in ge re et el o qu i i per c ampos i repat entes
, .

I l l e d ec u s Latii m agnael u x al ter a R omae

, , ,

O ree flu n di t op e s f an di ce rt i s s i m u s au t or :
'

T an tu m o mn es s u pe ran s p rae cl araem u n e rel i n gu ze ,

Qu ant u m i it anteal i as R o m ana po tentia gente s .

 V I DA S ’
ART OF P O E TR Y .

That w ould b u t c all t h e m f ro m t h e ir f or m er ro ad ,

To sp e nd anageinbanish m e nt abro ad 5
Too latere t urning f rom t h ed ange rous m ain ,

To se et h e ir c ount ri e s and th e i r f ri e nds again .

Sti l l b et h esac re d poe ts your d e ligh t ,

Re ad th e m by d ay, c onsul t t h e m in th enigh t 5

Fro m t hos ec l e ar f oun tai ns al l your rap ture s bring ,

And draw f ore ve r f ro m t h eMus e s spring ’

.

Bu t l e t your subj e c t in your boso m roll ,

Claim e ve ry though t and draw inal l th esou l 5

,

Th at c ons tan t obj e c t t o your mind display ,

Your t oil all nigh t your labor all t h ed ay

, .

I ne ed not al l t h erul e s of v e rsedisc los e ,

Nor h ow th e ir various m e asure s t o dispos e5

T h etu t or h e rew it h casehis c h argem ay guid e
To j oi n t h ep art s and nu m be rs or div id e, .

Now l e t him w ords t o s ta te d law s submi t ,

O r yoketo m e asur e s or re du c eto f e

,
e t5
No w l e t h i m so f tly t o hims e l f re he ars e

His fi rst att e m p t s an d rudi m e n ts o f ve rs e5

Et circu m f u s is l ongu m te
r at o tia terris
Sat f u eri t p or tu s e, x tre m aqu el i tto ra t an tu m
E x pl or ass e: se c u s toto vagu s ex u l et ae vo ,

E t se ru s natos d u l c es patriam qu erevi set

, .

Nu l l a d i e s t am e n i nte re a tib i nu l l a ab e
, at n ox ,

Q u i n al iqu id v atu m sac roru m ef o ntib u s al m i s

Ha u s e ri s
, ac d u l ce m l ah t i s ad m ov e ri s a m u e m .

Se d t i b i p rae se rti m p ri nc eps tu nc h aereat i ll a

C u ra a n i m o noctem atqu ed iem teteex ci tet u na
, ,

O m ne m qu am pro pt e r l i b u it perf errel ab or em .

No n h i c teq u i b u s a u t p e d i b u s Sp at i i s v em o n ebo
Te nda nt u r d u cti v e rs u s : l ab or is t ere e n
g tu m
P os t u l at h au d m u l t u m c u rac qu i se , e p e m or and o
I psa m i nu tati m m eti ri c arm i na sectis
I n p ar te s me m b ri s e , t te m po r a c e r ta do ceb u nt .

Con ti n u o
, edi co j a m t u n
, ea nim os u s al u m nu s .
421- 43 ] DI S 1 .

Heb e
gs o m m m h z mh e
d u fi a -
nd ers,

Hew ai ts t h eh appy m om e
nt t h at a rf o rd s
'

Hebt o oks no du l l de
l ay fi d mi ts no re
st ;
A t i d eo f pas s io nstm ggl s i nhis b tm ;
R o u nd his d ark so u l n o cl w id e
a s p l ay ,

T h emos t f am ili ar j ec t s gli

obd e aw a y .

Al l fix e
d int h ou gh t as t on ish e
, d h ea ppe ars ,

His so u l ex am in es an d co n su l ts hi s e ars

An d racks hi s f ai t hl e
ss m e m ory t o fin d ,

So m etrace s f ai ntl y s k e tc he d upo nh is m i nd .

Th ereh eunloc ks t h egl o ri ou s magaz i ne ,

An d ope ns eve ry f ac u lt y w i thi n ,

Brings ou t wi t h prideth e i r in t el lec tu al spo ils ,

And w i th t h enobletre asurecrown s hi s toils ;

Innu me
ru m i nci p ia t b le
su g es co ge re v e
r b a

Jam n
tu e s u mm i ss a me
dit e
t u r car m i n a vo c e,

Se rm o n u m me m o t an ti qu is q u os va tib u s h au s i t
, .

T u m v o tis s ib i c e ntu m au r e s tu m l u m i n,a ce ntu m

E x o ptat d u b i u s r eru m m etu ens qu eperi cl i
, .

Di vi d i t h u c ill u c a nim u m , nctamqu epe

cu re rrat

Natu r am r e r u m v ersatqu ep er o m ni a m entem ;

,

Q u is r eb u s d ex ter m od u s au t q u aem ol l i a f and i

,

Te m por a : v e rt u ntu r sp e c i es i n p ec tor em i l l e .

Ne em ora ne , c re q u i e
s ; d u b io s e n t en ti a s u r gi t
M u l ta a n im o vari atqu e5 o m nes converti tu r anc eps
,

I n (a c i e s
, ne sci tqu ee t i am n o ti ss i ma et h ae , re t
A tto n i t u s : nu n c m u l ta anim u m nu nc cons u l i t au r e
, s.

Se c u m m ent eagi tans siq u a ol i m au di ta re cu rs e nt

Sp o n t es u a ; e t me m or e m me nte m e x ci tat atqu er e ,p n
et“

The s au ri s d e p r o m i t o p e s ,l aet u s qu c l a b o r i l
 V I DA S ’
AR T 03 P O ET R Y .
[ 437 - 452

And o f t m e rec h anc esh all i mage s displ ay ,

Th at st rik ehis m ind e ngage d a di f f erent w ay .

S til l h ep ersis ts re gret s no t oil nor p ain

, ,

And st ill t h etas k h et ri e d bef orein va in

P l ies w i t h unw e a ri ed d ilige nc eagain .

For o f t un m anag e abl et hough t s app e ar ,

Th a t m o c k his labor and d e lud ehis c are5

T h ei m p at i e nt b ard w i th al l his n e rv e
,
s applie d ,

Tri e s al l th eave nu e s 011 e ve ry sid e ,

Re solve d ah d ben t th eprec ipic et o gain ,

Tho u gh y e t h elabors a t t h ero c k in v a in .

By his owns t r e ngt h and H e n w i th c onqu e

av e s t grac e
d ,

Hew ins t h ei m portan t v i c t ory a t l as t 5

S tre tch e d by his h ands th ev anquish ed m ons t e r lies ,

And t h eproud t riu m ph li f ts h i m to t h es ki es .

Bu t w h e ne ve n c h anceand all his ef f ort s f ail ,

Nor toils nor vigilanc e nor c ar e

,
s pre vail, ,

His pas t at te m p t s in va in t h ebo y r en e w s ,

And wait s th eso f te r se asons o f t h eMus e 5

Hequi ts his w ork t hro ws by his f ond d e ,
sire
s ,

I ps es u i parto f ru itu r : m u l ta ecc e! rep ente

Fo rs i no pi na aperi t cu ncta nti al iu dqu ep u tanti , .

J q
a m u e h aec j a m qu ei l l a a tt e
, n tat t x i t u ere
e q t x it u e
e q , ,

Et v ari i s i nd e
fess u nati b u s i ns ta t
s co .

Seepeete ni m o ccu rru nt h a u d d i c t u m ol l i a u b i h ae ,re t

Cu ra d i u m u l to qu ee
, , xe r c i ta c or da l ab or e .

Nu nc h os nu nc il l o s a d i t u s v e
, s t i g at e t om n
,
ia
A t te ntans s cop u l o l o ngu m l u ctat u r i niq u o ,

D u m s equ a os t e ndat f aci l i s v i a : d e ni qu em u l ta

A u t v i au t c oe
, li e t f o rt u n aem u n e revi c t or

E x u l tat d o m i to qu eani m i s i t ad ae
, th e ra m on s t ro .

A s t u b i nu l l a v i am ne c v is ne c de , x t ra a p e ri t f ors ,

Ne c p ro d e s t vir es f e ss as r e nov ar e ne c a pt u m
,

Nu nc h i c nu nc i l l i o c apta r ead c ar m i na te
, mpu s,
In v i t u s c u r a ab s i s t i t tri s t i s qu er e
, lin q u i t

Coe p t a i nf ecta p e d ,e m re f e r en s : ce u f o rte v i at o r

70 VI DA S ’
ART OF PO E TR Y .

Bu t , til l th eso ul enlarge d i ns tr e ngt h app e ars ,

In dulgeth eboy and sparehis t e ,

nd e r ye a rs 5

Till to rip ejudgme

,
nt and e xp e ri e n c eb rou gh t ,

Hi m s e lf d is c e rns and blush e s a t a f au l t .

For i f t h ec rit i c s e ye s too stri c t ly pi e

’
rc e ,

To point e ac h bl e m ish o u t ine ve ry ve rs e ,

V oid o f all ho pet h es t rip li ng ma y d e part ,

An d tu rnhis s t udi e s to ano t h er art .

Bu t i f re solve
,
d his d arling f au lt s t o s e e ,

A yout h o f ge nius shou ld apply t o m e ,

An d c ourt m y e ld e r j udgm e nt to p eruse

T h ei m pe rf ec t labors o f his i n f an t M u s e ,

I should n ot s c rupl e w i t h a c a ndid e y e

, ,

To re ad an d prai sehis po e m t o t h esky ,

Wi th s e em ing rap tureon e ac h lin eto p au s e ,

And dwe ll on e ac h e xpre ssion w i th appl ause .

Bu t w h e n m y praise s h ad infl am e d his m ind ,

I f so m el am ev e rs eli m pe d slo wly up be hind ,

On e th at hi m se
,
l f un c ons c ious h ad not f ound
, , ,

By nu m b e rs c h a rm e d and l e d away by sound 5

E st m oni tis o p u s : i ngenu s 11 am p ar c er em u l ta

F as t e ne ri s d o ne
, c pau l ati m attol l er es es e
In ci pi a n t an i m i v i deantqu ei n c arm i nel ab e
, m
Pe r s ei p s i e t t a c i t o ru b e
, an t n l tro ora p u d or e .

Nam m ac u l as s i f ort eom ne s pe r c arm i n a m on s t re

t

Q u zes i t or s e r u s a
, d j i ci an t s p e m p r o t i n u s o m n em ,

A tq u eal i as an i m o p o ti ns vertant u r ad artes .

No s tr u m igi tu r s i f or tead e at
p u e r i n d o l e l i m e
n
E gr e g i a u ,t c o n s u l t a p et a t p a r e
, r e p a r a t u,s

Q u iq u evel it s es earb i trio s u pp o net enos tro ,

E x ci p i a m p l aci d u s : ne c m ej u v e ni l epige b it
A d c oe l u m v u l tu s i m u l ato e x t o ll e rec a r m e n
Lau dib u s e t s ti m u l os ac r e
, s s u b pe c tor efigam ,

P os t tam e n u t m u l ta sp em e
, nte m a rre xe ri t ar d e ns ,

Si q u i s f or tei n te r vel u ti d ev u l ner ecl a u d u s

, ,

T ar d u s e at v e rs u s qu em no n v i d et i nsci u s ipse
,
483-4 97 ] BOO K 1 . 71

Isho u ld no t f e ar to minis t e r a prop ,

And giveh i m st ronge r fe e t to ke e p it u p ,

Te ach i t to run along m orefi rm a n d sure5

No r w ould I sho w th ew ound b ef oreth ecure .

For w h at rem ains : th epo e t I e

I

njoin
To f orm no glorious s c h e m e no gre at d e sign , ,

Till f re
,
ef ro m busin e ss h ere s alone
tir e , ,

And fli e s t h egiddy tu m ul t o f th eto wn ,

See ks rural pl e asure s and e njoys t h egl ade s ,

And c ourt s th et hough tf ul sil enc eo f th esh ade s

Wh e reth ef air Dryads h aun t th e ir na t ivew oods ,

W i th all th eord e rs o f t h esylvan gods .

H erein t h e ir so f t re t re at s t h epo e ts l ie ,

Sere n e and bl e
,
s t wi th c h e erf ul pov e rty 5
No guil ty s c h e me s of we a l th t h eir sou ls m ol e st ,

No c are s no prospe , c ts disc o m poseth e , ir re st ,

No s c e ne s o f grande ur gli tter in th e ir vi ew5

H eret h e y th ejoys of inno c e nc ep u rsu e ,

And t as teth eple a sure s o f t h eh appy f e w .

Fro m a roc k s e n trails t h ebarbari an sprung

’
,

De
lu es o ni s t e
s u sq u ne ras f all aci b u s au r e s ,

Ha u d m e d i c as afl e rem a n u s ae r e m e d e ri
g qo u ,

A d d u b i te m e t se , mpe r m el io ra os tende rep ergam .

Q u o d s u perest etiam m o neo creb erqu em o neb o

, , ,

Nequ is qu am ni s i cu raru m l ib e r u el ab oru m

q ,

In ch o e t e g gr e i u m q u i c q am ; v e
u r u m pro cu l u rb is
A tto n i taef u gi at s tr e p i t u s et a,m e
c n a s i l en t i s

A cce d a t l o c a r u ri s u b i D ry ad e
, s qu ep u e l l ae ,

P ane s qu e F au n
, iqu e et m ontiv agi Syl vani
, .

Hi el ae ti h au d m agn i s o pi b u s n o n d i v i t e on
, l tu
Vi tam agi ta nt v ates : pro cu l est s c el eratu s h ab endi
Hi nc am or i nsanaespe , s l on ge at q u ei m pi a v o ta
, ,

E t nu nq u am d iraes u b e u n t e a l im i n a c u rse

D u l c is e t al m a qu i e s a o p au c is n
, o ta v ol u ptas .

At n im i u m tr u x i l l e , f e ris u eeca u t i b u s o rt u s ,
q
72 V I DA S ’
AR T OF PO ET R Y .
[ 498 6
- 1
0

Who d are s t o violat et hesac re d throng

By d e e ds or words T h ewre tc h by f ury dri v e
. n , ,

Assaul ts th ed arling c olony o f H e av e n

So m eh avelook e d do wn w eknow w it h s c orn f u l e , ye s ,

O nt h ebri gh t Mus ewh o t augh t t h e m h ow to rise ,

An d p aid wh e n raise
,
d t o grande ur no re gard ,

Fro m t h at high station t o t h esac re d bard .

U ninjure d m ortals l e
,
t th epo e t s li e
, ,

O r dre ad t h ei m p e nding v e nge an c eo f t h esky ;

T h egods s till lis te ne d t o th e ir c ons tant praye r ,

And mad et h epoe ts t h eir p e culi ar c are .

Th e y with c onte
,
mpt on f ort unes gi f t look down,
’

And la ugh at kings wh o we a r ane nv ie d c rown .

R aise d and transpo rte d by t h e ir soaring mind ,

From t h e ir proud e min e nc et h ey vi e w m anki n d

Lost in a c loud 5 t he y se et h e m t oil be low ,

All busy to pro mo tet h e ir c o mm on woe .

O f guil t un c ons c ious w it h a st e ady soul, ,

Th e y se eth eligh tnings fl as h and h e ar t h et hund e rs rol l 5

,

Wh e n girt w i th t e
,
rrors H e ave n s al m igh ty sire
,
’

Lan c h e s his t riplebol ts and f orky fire ,

Wh e n oe r high t o we
’
rs th ere d de s troye r plays ,

Qu i sa nctos, ge n
nu s i n ocu u m , pop u l u m qu eD e
o ru m ,

Au t a rm i s au det v ate
s , au t la d e
red i ctis .

V i d i ego , qu i ad s u m mos M u sa ru m mu reh o n

ne or e
s

E v ccti , m ox i ngratos nte m ne

co re M u s as ,

Ne ev ate s s al te m al l oqu i o d ignari e r i ps o s .

F a r c i te m or tal e s , s ac ro s v e x are o e t as
, p
U l to re s s e r t e D e o b n m i ne q or m
p a s s u , u u u

Se m pe r vi ta f u it v atu m d ef ens a p i o ru m .

I l l i om nes s ib i f ort u nas pos u erevol entes

Su b p e d i b u s re gu mqu ee
, t op e s et s ce p t ra
, s u er
p ba
I ngenti vi ncu nt ani m o ao m o rtal i a ri d ent
, .

No ni ll i s u s qu am s ce le ru m m e ns c o ns c i a cae co s

Horre sci t cw l i c r e p i t u s i g ne m,v e coru s cu m

,
74 VI D A S
’
A RT OF P O E TR Y .

A p riz e th enoble s t gif t h ec ould be stow ,

Ne x t t o t h efire onhuman raceb e, low 0 .

At le ngth th eI mm ortals re c onc iled re signe d

T h ef a ir c e lestial siste rs to m ankind ,

Th ough bound to C au cas u s w it h solid c h ains

, ,

T h eas pi ri ng robbe r groane d in e ndle ss pains ;

By w hi c h de terre d f or age s lay su pine
,

T h erac eof mo rtals nor invoke , d th eNine ,

Till H e ave n in v e rsesho w e d m anhis f u turestate ,

And op e ne de ve ry dis ta nt sce n eof f ate .

Fi rst th egre
,
at f at h er of t h egods abo ve
Sung inDodona and th eLibyan grove5
Ne x t t o th einquiring n at ions Th e
,
mis gave
He r s a c red ans we rs f rom t h ePho c i an c av e5

Th e nt h us w arne d th e m f rom th eD e lphic do m e

O f f ut uretim ean d age s ye t to c ome
‘

5
And re ve re nd Faunus u tt e re d tru ths di vin e
To th efirs t f ound ers of th eLati an lin e .

Ne x t t h egre at rac eo f h allo w e d proph e t s c am e ,

Wi th t h e m t h eSiby ls of immortal f am e ,

P ost ign em nil

p os s e , a n i m u m q u e a d c al l i d a m o vi t
Fu rta v igil . D ii m ox coe le s ti a d o n a vol e nte s

Co nc e ss e ro d ol i l i c et au dentiss i m u s ipse
,

A u t or Ca u cas e o sae v as d e t ve rti c epoanas .

Q u o t error e n,i s i m u l t o p o s t t em p or e
, i n e r t es

No n au s i di as h o m i ne s a cce rs e re M u s as :

Se d ve ntu r a p ri u s p ande b an t c a rm i n es ol i
Coe l i c ol ae d u b iis qu ed ab an
, t ora c u l a r e bu s .

I ps epater Di vu m D odonaecarm i na pri mu s

‘

E t Li b ycis ce ci n i t l u c i s mo x P h o ci d i s an
, t ro
In s on u it T h e mi s al m a s u os qu oq u epu l c h e
, r A p oll o
Re s po n s is m on u it D e l ph os n ,e c de f u i t ol i m
An ti qu is F au n u s can e re t qu i f ata Lati n is.

T u m Sol ym u m p risci v ate s t u m s ac r a Si b yl l ae

,

Nom i na di vi nas c oe l i i n pe ne tral i a m e nte s

 —]
541 653 BO OK I . 7S

I nsp ire
d w i th egod 5 w h o ra pt onhigh
al l t h , ,

Wit h moret han m ortal rag eunbou nd e

. d fly ,

And rangeth edark re cess e s o f th esky .

Ne x t at t h e
, ir f e as ts t h ep e oplesu ng t h e
,
ir l ays
( T h e sa m e t h e ir proph ets s u ng in f orm e r d a ys ) ,

Th e ir t h e m ea h e ro and his de at hl e s s p rais e .

What h as to m anof noble r w ort h be en give n

Tha n t his t h eb e s t and gre at e s t boon o f H e av e n?
Whate ve r powe r th eglorious gi f t be st ow e d ,

Wetracet h ec e rtai nf oo ts te ps o f a god .

By th e einspir e d th eda ring poe

,
t fli e s ,

His soul m ount s u p and t o we ,

rs abovet h eski e s5
Thou art th esourceo f pl e asure an d w ese e,

N0 joy no t ransport w h e
, nd e barre
,
d of t he e .

Thy tune f ul d e i t y t h ef eat h e red t h rong

Conf e ss in all th em e a sur es of t h e ir song 5
Thy gre at c om m ands t h es avag e s ob e y ,

And e ve ry sil e nt nati veof t h es e a 5

Le d by th y voi c et h esta rt ing roc ks ad van c e ,

And liste ning f ore sts m inglein th edan ce .

O nt h y swe e t no te s th edam ne d re joi c eto dwe ll ,

Thy st rains susp e nde d all th edin o f H e ll 5

A rri pu e re D e , u m qu ean i m is h au s eref u rente s .

Ncc m ora qu aep ri m u m Fau ni vat e

, s qu eca n e b ant
Car m i n a m ort al e
, s p ass i m d i d i ce rep e r u rb e s ,

P os t e p u l as l a u d es b et o u m et f a c,ta c a n e n te s .

Q u i d m i rand u m b om i ni coe l o d i vi n i tu s ae q u e
Con ce s s u m ! m o rt al ege nu s tu a nu m i na s e nti t ,

Qu is qu is es i l l e Deu s c er te! qu i p ec tora vat u m

,

In col is ,afll atas qu et ap i s s u pe r ae th e ra m e nte s .

T es i n en il nob is lae tu m n e c a m ab i l e qu i cqu am

, .

I psa: eti am vo l u cres vario tu a nu m i na cant u

Te s ta n tu r : p e cu de s qu ef e rae m u tae q u,e n a ta n t e s

A d tu a j u ss a c i tte p rope ran t 5 tu a m u n e r a sa x a

D u ra m ove nt s yl vasqu etrah u nt h inc i ndes e
, q u entes .
76 VI D A S ’
AR T O F P O ET R Y .

Lull ed by th esound t h ef uri e s rage

, d no more ,

And H e ll s inf ernal porte r ce as ed to ro ar

’
.

Thy powe rs e xalt u s to th ere alms abov e ,

To f eas t wi t h gods an d s i t th egu e

,
s ts o f J o ve
Thy pre se n c eso f tens anguish w oe and s t rif e , , ,

And re c onc ile s u s to t h eloa d o f li f e .

H ail t hou brigh t c o m f ort o f t h e

,
s el o w abode s ,

Thou joy o f m e nand d arling of th egods

As pri est and po e t in t h e s ehu m blelays
,

I boldly l abor to re sound th y prais e5

To h a ng t h y shrine s t his gi f t I bring along ,

And to th y al tars gu idet h ete nd e r t hrong .

T equ oqu es ens eru nt ol im i m pia T a rtara e

‘

, t u mb ra
P al l e nte s s tu pu e re : min as t i b i j a n i tor O rc i
O b l i tu s sae
, v as
p os u e r e et E ri nn y e s ir.as

T u J ov is am b rosi i s d as n o s accu m b e rem e nsi s

'

Tu n o s D i is ae q u as s u p eri s : tu bl a n d a l a b oru m

Su f fici s e t d u t tep rae se ns s ol ati a v i tae .

Sal v eh om i n u m d u l c i s re q u i e s
, D i v u m u eVol u
q ptas l
I ps etu aeegre g io s au d ax n u n c l a n d i s h o n or es
In g r e d i o r v a t es i d e m , Su p e ru m q u e sa c er d o
, s

Sacraqu ed on a f e ro teneris c om ita t u s al u mnis .

78 V I DA S ’
A RT OF P O ET R Y .
[ 1 4- 20

He ave n s kind e r bo unty and p e c uliar c are

’
,

A glo rious t rain o f i m age s m ay fi nd ,

Pre ve nt ing hop eand c ro wding on t h em ind .

T h eo th e r task to se ttl ee
, ve ry p art ,

De pe nds on ju dg m e nt and t h epowe rs o f art 5

F ro m w h e n c ein c hie f t h epo e t hop e s to raise
His f u tureglory and i m m ortal praise .

This as a r ul et h enoble s t ba rds e s teem ,

To tou c h at fi rs t in ge ne ral on t h eth e me ,

To hin t at all th esubj e c t in a lin e ,

And draw in m iniat ureth ew hol ede sign .

Nor in t h e ms e lv es confid e b u t n e x t i m plore

,

T h et i m e ly ai d o f so m ec e le s tial pow e r5
To guid eyour l abors and point o u t your ro a d ,

Choos e as you ple a s e yo u r t u t e lary god 5

e
, ,

Bu t s t ill inv ok es o m gu ardi an de i ty ,

So m epow e r to look auspi c ious f ro m th esky 5

,

To nothing gre at should m or t als b e nd t h e ir c are ,

Till J oveb esole mn ly addre sse d in pray e r .

Tis no t e
’
nou gh to c all f or aid divin e ,

And c ourt b u t onc et h ef avor o f th eNin e5

Wh e n obj e c ts ris et h at m o c k your toil and pain ,

Sae
p es u is su i nveni ent acc om m oda v o tis
b i to .

A l tera nem p eart i tantu m es t o b no x i a c u ra ,

U nd eso l e nt l au d e m i n p ri m i s o ptar ep 0e tae .

V es ti b u l u m anteips u m pri m o qu e i n l i m i nes em p er

,

P ru d e nt es le v i ter r eru m f as ti gi a su m m a
Li b ant e
, t p a rci s att i ng u nt o m ni a d i ct i s ,

Q u aec anet es tat u er ez si m u l coel es ti a D iv u m

A u x i l i a i m pl or an ,s n
t p ro p r n i l v i rib u s au s i .

Q u os ore s a u te m n o n m ag n i d eniqu eref ert ,

Du m m e m o t au s pi cii s cu j u s qu am c u n e ta D e o ru m

A ggre di ere : J o v is n equ eeni m ni s i ri tev o c ato

Nu m inef as qu i cqu am or d i t i m o rta l i b u s al tu m .

Ne c s at o p e m im pl or ar es e me l M u s a s qu eci e
, re ,
27 - 41 ] BOO K I I .

Abovet h elabor and th ere ac h o f m an ,

Th e n you m ay suppli cateth ebl e s t abode s ,

And ask t h ef rie ndly su cc or of t h egods .

Sho c k not your re a de r nor b e gin too fi e rce

, ,

Nor sw e ll and bluste r in a po m p of ve rs e 5

A t fi rs t all n e e
dle ss ornam e n t rem ove ,

T O shun hi s pre judi c eand w inhis love5

At firs t you fi n d mos t f av or an d su cc e ss
I npl ain e xpre ssion and a m od e s t dre ss 5
F or i f t oo a rrogan t you v aun t your m igh t ,

You f all wi th gre at er sc andal in t h efigh t ,

Wh e n on t h eni ce s t poin t your f ortun es t ands ,

And al l your c ourage al l your s trengt h d e,

mands .

Wit h gradual digh ts surp riseu s as were ad ,

And l e t moreglorious im ag e s su cc e ed ,

To w akeour souls to kindleour d e ,

sire
Still t o re ad o n an d f ant h erising fi re
, .

Bu t n ee r t h esubj e
’
c t o f your w ork proc lai m
I ni ts o wnc olors an nuinena m e5
d i ts g e
Le t i t by dis tant t ok e ns bec onve yed ,

Sedqu o ti es , vel u ti sco pu l i d u riss i m a d i c t u

,

O bji c i ent se s et i b i no n s u pe
, randa l ab ore
M ort al i D i vos t o ti e
, s o ra r el i ce b it .

I nc ipiens od i u m f u gito f aci l es qu el egentu m

,

Ni l tu m id u s d e m u l c e an i m os n e c gran d i a j am t u m
,

Co nv e nit a u t ni m i u m cu l t u m os te nt anti a f a ri ;
O m ni a se d nu d is p ro p ee ri t f as
p ro m er e v e r b i s

Ne si magna s o ne
, s cu m n
, on d u m a d p rze l ia v e ntu m ,

De fici as m e d io i rris u s c e r tam i ne cu m res ,

P os tu l at i nge nte s an i m os v i re s qu ev al e
, nte s .

P ri nc ip iis p oti ns s em p er m ajora sequ antu r :

P ro ti nu s i ll e
ctas e ndecu p i d i ne m ente
s u cc s ,

E t s tu d i u m l ecto ru m a n im is i nnect el egendi .

Ja m v ero cu m r em p ro p o n es nom i nenu nqu am ,

P ro d ereco n veni e
t m an i f es to : sem per 0pertis
 VI D A S A R T OF
’
PO E T R Y .
[ 42- 66

And w rapp e d i no t h e r w ords and c ov e ,

re d in th ei r shad e .

A t la s t t h esubj e c t f rom t h ef r i e ndly shroud

Burs ts o u t and shine , s t h ebrigh t e r f ro m t h ec lou d 5
Th e n t h edissolving darkne ss bre aks aw a y ,

And e ve ry obj e c t glar e s in op en day .

Thus gre at Ulyss e s t oils we reI to c h oose

’

For t h em ain t h e m et h at should e m ploy m y Mus e ,

By his long l abors o f i m m o rtal f a m e

Should shinem y h ero b u t c on c e ,
al his n a m e 5
As onew h o lost at s e ,
a h ad n a t io n
,
s se e n ,

And m ark e d th e ir t owns t h e i r m an ne

,
rs and t h e ir m e n , ,

Sin c eTroy w as l e ve le d t o t h edus t by Gre e ce

Till a f e w lin e se pi to m i z ed t h epi e ce .

Bu t s tu dy n o w w h a t ord e r to m aint ain ,

To link th ew ork in o nec on t in u ed c h ain ,

That wh e
,
n t h eM u s edisplays h e r art f u l s c h eme
And at t h eprop e r t i m eun f olds th et h em e ,

E ac h p a rt m ay fi n d i ts o w nd e term ined plac e ,

Laid ou t w i th m e t hod an d dispos e d w i th grac e5

Th at to th ed e st in e d s c op eth epie c em ay t end ,

Ind i cns , l ong ee

t e
rb oru m am b age e
v
p t i t a

Signi fica nt u m b ra qu eo b d u cu n
, t : in d et am e n ceu ,

Su bl u s tri e ne b u l a re ru m tral u cet i m ago

,

Cl a ri n s ,e t cer tis datu r om ni a c er neres ignis .

Hi nc si d u ra m ih i p ass u s d i ce nd u s Ul yss e s ,

No n il l u m v e ro m em o rab o nom i ne sed qu i ,

E t m or e s h om i n u m m u l to ru m v i d i t e t u rb e s

Nau f ragu s e , ve rsaep o s t s mva i n c endi a T roj ae .

Add am al i a au gu s tis co m pl ectens om ni a di ctis

, .

E rgo ag eq u aevate s se rv an d i c u r a f a ti ge t
O r di n is i ntentos o peri cu m c armi neap erto
,

Re m te mp u s n arr ar e l o c o u t d i s o s ta d e
, p c e nt i
Omn i a s i nt op er ei n toto nec m eta l ab oru m
,

Us qu am d i ss i d e at i ng re ss i b u s u l t i m a p ri m i s .

P ri nc i pio i nvigi l ant no n ex pectata l egenti

82 VI DA S ’
ART OF P O E TR Y .
[ 7 1 -34

T h epromis e
d region h ewi t h joy h ad spi e d ,

Vas t t rac ks o f o c e ans f ro m his re ac h div id e5

S till m us t h ebac kw ard st e er his l e ngt h ened way ,

And plough a w id eint e rm inabl ese a .

No ski l f u l poe t w ould his Mus ee m ploy ,

Fro m Paris vo teto t rac eth efall of Troy

’
,

No r e ve ry d e ed of H e c tor to re lat e ,

Whilehis s t rong arm su sp e nde d I lion s f ate ’

Work f or so m eannalis t so m eh e av y f ool , ,

Corre c tly dry and re gular ly dull

Be st ne a r t h ee nd thos edre ad f ul sc e ne s appe ar ;

Wak et h e n and rous eth ef u rie

, s o f t h ew ar ,

Bu t f or his rav ish e d f air at fi rs t e ngage

Pe le id e s soul in unre le n ting rage
’
.

Bet his th eca us et hat e ve ry Phrygian floo d

Sw e lls wi th re d wa v e s and rol ls a t ideo f blood
, ,

Th at Xan thus u rns a purpl ed e ’

lugepo u r ,

And th ed e e p trenc h e s flo at w i th hum an gore .

No r f or m e r de eds in sil e nc em us t w elos e ,

T h el e agu eat Aulis an d th em u tu al v ow s

, ,

T h eSpa rtan raging f or hi s rav is h e d spouse ,

Lo n a
g p ro cu l l ongo vi a divi di t i nv ia tractu
F le
ct endi r et ro c u rs u s , v i a pl u ri ma cu nti

Re
s ta t ad h u c, m u l t u m qu ei ll i m a ri s aeq u or arand u m .

Hand sap i ens qu i s u am , a n

q n al e
s c e u co ng e
ra t , I l ii
Inch o et e x ci d i u m v e teri p as tori s a h u s q u e

J u di c io m emo ra ns ex or dines i ngu l a q u i c qu i d

, ,

A d T roj a m A rgo l i ci s ce ss at u m e s t He cto red u ro .

Con ve ni e t po ti n s p ro pefin e m p rae l i a ta nta

O rd i t i at q u egrave
, s ir as d e v irgi n erapt a
A ve rs i E a cidaepraem i ttere: t u m f era b ell a
Co ns u rgu nt t u m p l e
, ni am ne s Da n a u m qu e P h rygu m qu e , ,

Xa n t h u s qu e Si m o i s q u e e
, t in u ndant sa n
, g u i ne f o ssae .

Hau d tam e n i nt e re a qu a p rae cess e res il e nd u m ,

A u l i d ej u ran te s Da n aos , v e ctas u e e

q p r aeu or
q
 ]
35- 1 00 BO O K 1 1 .

T h et housand ships th ew o e ,
s w hic h I lion bore
F ro m Gre e c e f or ninere
,
volvi ng ye a rs b e f ore .

This rul ew it h judg m e nt sho u ld th eh ard m ain tain ,

Who b rings Lae rte s wande ring son again

’

Fro m bu rning I lion to his n at iv ere ign .

Le t him n o t l aun c h f ro m I da s s t rand his ships

’
,

W i th his at te ndant f ri e nds in to th ed e e ps , ,

Nor s tay to vanquish t h eCi c oni an hos t 5

Bu t l et h i m fi rs t app e ar his c o m rad e s lost )
Wi th f air C alypso on t h eO gygian c o a st .

Fro m t h e n ce a w orld o f toils and dange

,
rs p as t ,

Waf t h i m t o ri c h Phae ac i a s r eal m s at l as t

’
,

Th ereat th ef e as t his w and e rings to r e l a te ,

His f ri e n d s direc ha ng e his ow nre

’
,
le n tl ess f at e .

Bu t if t h ebard of f orm e r ac tions sings ,

H ew is e ly draw s f rom t hos ere m o ter spri ngs

T h epre se nt orde r and t h ec o u rs eo f t hings .

As ye t un f old t h ee ve n t on no pr ete nse ,

’
Tis your c hief tas k t o keep u s i ns u spense5
Nor t e ll wh at pre sent s A tre us son pre p ares ’
,

M ill er at e
s, ra pt u s queH e le ne s e t co n, j g iras
u i s ,

Q qu a e u e n o v e
m T roj a e s t a n no s e
p p r e s s a p rior es .

A t qu ee ti am i n p a tri am s i qu i s d e d u ce rea d o rtu s

E rr an te m Lae rti a d e n pos t P e rgam a c apta ,

No n ill u m I dae o s ol v e nte m el i ttor e cl as s e m

Cu m so c ii s p rim u m m e m ore t Ci con
, es u e s u b actos
q
Se d j a m t u m O gygi am d e l atu m si s ta t ad al ta
V irgi ni s am iss is s o c ii s A tl a nti do s antr a
, , .

E x i n p os t v a rios P h ae a cu m i n r e g n a l ab or e s

I nf e rat : h i c p os i t is d e m u m i ps e m i s e rri m a m ens is ,

E rro re s qu es u os n a rre t cas u s qu es n

, or u m .

An t etam e n s i ge s t a c an na t ah ori gi nec au sas

,

E x pe d iu nt q u i s d e
, b ino s ta t u s e t [ an
, t ] q u aet e m p ora r eru m .

P ri m u s at i l l el ab or v e rs u te nu i ss el e g e n t e m
Su s pe ns u m i nce
, rt u m u e d i u
q q u i d e ni q u er e r u m
E ve ntu s m ane an t : qu o t an de m d u r u s A ch i l l e s
 VI DA S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .
[ 1 01 - 1 1 6

To re c onc il eA ch ill e s to th ew ars ,

O r by w h at god s auspi c io u s condu c t l e d

’

Fro m Polyph e m us d e nUlyss e s fle d

’
.

Pl eas ed w i t h th et oil and on t h eprosp e , ct be nt ,

O u r souls l e ap f orw ard t o t h ew ish e de ve nt 5

N0 c all of na turecanour s e ar c h re s t rai n ,

And sl e ep and t hi rs t and hunge

,
r pl e ad invain 5
, ,

G lad wepursueth ela bor w ee m brace d ,

And le avere lu c tant wh e n w ele av eat las t .

Se eh ow th ebard t ri u m ph ant i nhis art , ,

Sport s w i th our p as sions and c o mm ands t h eh e a rt

No w h e re no w t h e ,
re h et urns th eva rying song , ,

And draws at w ill th ec ap tiv esoul along ;

R ac k ed wit h un c e rta in hin ts in e ve ry s e nse ,

Wef e e l t h eleng th e ne d anguish of suspe ns e .

Wh e n Ho m er onc eh as pro m ise d to re he a rs e

Bold Paris figh t in m any a sounding ve

’
rse ,

Hesoon p e rc ei ve s his re ad er s war m d e sire ’

Wrappe d in th ee ve n t and all his soul on fi re , .

T h epo e t the n c on t ri ve s so m espe c ious s tay ,

M u nerepl acat u s r e gi ru rs u m i nd u at ar m a
I nT e u cro s : cu j u s v eD e i Lae rt i u s h e ros
A u x i l io P ol y ph e
, me tu i s e , v a d at a b a n tt is
Le c tor es c u pid i ex p ec ta nt d u rantqu ev ol entes , ,

Ne ep e rf e rren eg t s u pe
a n re s t qu o d cu n u el a b o ru m
q ,

I nd el i c et f ess os s om nu s gr av is av oc et art u s ,

Au t e p u l i s p l acan d a f a m es C e re ri s qu el i b i d o
,

H o c s tu d i u m h a nc o p e , ram s ero dim i tti m u s wgri .

No nnev i d e s u t sae p e a l i qu i s n i m is a r t e s u p er h i t
I mp ro b u s e , t ca pt i s a n i m is il l u d er egau det ,

Et n u n c h u c d ei ndeh u c m entes d ed u cit h i antes

, ,

S u s pe nd i tqu e di u m i s e ros to rqu e tqu el e

, g e nt es ?
I l l eq u i dem s i tem agnu m c ert am en A tri dae
E t P arid i s m u l t o prom is s u m c arm i n
, enu p e r ,

E x pe ctareavi d u m sae v a u ecu

q p i d i n e ca p t u m
Se ns e ri t , u s u e m or as t r a b e t u l t ro e t d i f f ere t ar m a ,
q ,
 VI DA S ’
AR T OF PO ET R Y .
[ 1 32- 1 45

Bu t rais ehis m ind wi th prosp e c t s o f su cc e ss ,

And gi vet hepromiseo f a lasti ng p e ac e .

This k ne w t h eh e ro w h e n h esough t th eplains ,

Sprung f rom his ships and c harg e d th ee m b att l e

d s wains ,

He we d do wn th eLat ian t roo ps wi t h m atc hle ss m igh t

T h e fi auspi c ious o m e n f h e fi h
g )
( rs t o t t ,

An d at o neblow gi gan t i c Th e ron kille d ,

Bold b u t in vain an
,
d f ore ,m ost o f t h efi e ld .

Th u s to o Patro clus w i th his late s t bre at h

Fo re to l d his unr e ga rding V i c t or s d e at h 5

’

H is part ing soul an ti c ipat e s t h eblow

Th at wai ts braveH e ct or f ro m a gre at e r f oe .

Thou too poor Turnus just b e

,
f oret h y doo m
, ,

Co u lds t re ad t h y end and an te datea to m b ,

Whe n oe r th y h ead t h ebal e f ul f ury fl e

’
w ,

And in direo me ns s et t h y f a teto vi e w5

A bird obsc e ne s h ef lu tt e re doe r th efi e ld
’
, ,

And sc re a me d th y d e at h an d be at t h y sounding shi e

,
ld .

For 10 ! th et i m e th ef at al t imeis c o m e
, ,

Ch arge d wi t h t h y d e at h an d he av y w i t h t h y doo m
, ,

Wh e n Turnus t hough in vain sh all ru et h ed ay

, , ,

Sp em tam en i nce nd u nt ni m o firm antqu el ab ante

a , m ,

Spo ndentes me l iora , et re s i n h u eq u i e tas .

I pseq u oqu eagnov i t per se cu m i n l im i neb ell i ,

Nav i b u s e g re ss u s t u r m as i n v as i t a g r e s t es ,

A tq u e ( o m e n p u g nac) p ros travi t m ar t e Lati no s

'

O cc is o a nteal ios qu i s e
, s eo bj e ce rat h o s te , .

Fata M enoe t i ad e s e ti am p rae d ix e rat o l i m

V ict ori m ori e ns m ajori i ns tar es u b h os te ,

Q u a m v i s h au d f u e ri t re s c r e d i t a T u
. q u oq u e T u r ne , ,

P rae vi d iss etu o s

p ot e ras he
, u ! pe r d i te c as u s ,

Lo n gea n tee x i ti u m , cu m c r e b ro o b s coe na vol u cris

Pe r cl ype u m , e
p rq u eo ra v ol an s s tri d e nt ib u s al is
O min et u rb avi t m e nte m admo n
, u i t qu ef u t u ri .

Hi nc tib i te mpu s e ri t ,m agno cu m o ptav e ris e m pt u m

1 46 - 160] BOO K I I .

Sh all c urset h egold e n be l t h eboreaw ay ,

Shall w ish to o lateyoung Pallas spoils unsought ’

,

An d m ourn t h ec onqu e st he so d e arly bough t .

T h ee ve n t should gli m m e r through i ts gloo m y shroud ,

Though y e t c on f us ed and st ruggling in t h ec loud 5

,

So to t h et rave
, ller as h ejourne , ys on
T o re ac h th ewa lls o f som ef ar d i s ta n t t o wn ,

I f high in ai r t h edubious turre

, , ts rise ,

Pe ep o e r t h ehills an d dan c eb e f orehis e yes

'
,

Ple as ed t h ere f reshing prospe ct to surve y ,

E ac h s t rid eh ele ngt h ens and be guil es t h ew ay

, ,

Morepl e as e d ( th etem p ting s ce n ein v ie w ) t o go ,

Th an p e nsiv e ly to walk th egloo my val e s be low .

Unl e ss t h et h e m ew i t hin your boso m roll ,

Work in e ac h t hough t an d ru nthrough al l t h esoul

, ,

Unle ss you alte r wi t h inc e ssan t pain ,

P ull do w n an d build th ef abri c o e r again

’
, ,

I nvain w h e n rival wi ts your w onde

, r raise ,

You ll s triveto m at c h t hos ebe au t i es w hi c h you praise

’
.

T0 onejus t s c o pewit h fi x e d de sign go on 5

Intact u m P all ant a, e

t cu m ol ia au rea b al tei
sp

O de ri s a t qu eti b i h a u d s ta b i t v i c t ori a
, p a r v o .

Nam j u vat hae c i ps os i nter prae sci ss el e g e n t es ,

Q u a m vi s s i n t e t a d h u c c o n f u sa e
, t n u b i l a p orro .

Hau d al i te r l o ngi nq u a p eti t qu i f or tev i ator

M oe ni a s i p os i tas al tis i n coll i b u s ar c e
, s

Nu nc e ti a m d u b i as ocu l i s vi d e t in, c i p i t u l tro

Lae ti or i revia m pl aci d u m qu eu r ge
, rel ab orem ,

Q u a m cu m nu s qu am u l laecernu nt u r qu as adit ar c es , , ,

O b scu ru m se d i te r tend it conv al l ib u s im is .

T u q u ei d e o ni s i m entepri u s nis i pec toreto to

, ,

Cre b r a agi te s qu o d cu n q u e c a ni s t e
,cu m q u e p r e m e n d o
T o t u m 0p u s ae d ifice s ite , r u m qu ei t e ru m qu er e t ra c t e
s ,

La u d atu m al t e ri u s f ru s t ra m i rab e rec ar m e n .

Nec tef ors i nopi na r e g a t ca

,
s u s q u e l a b a n t e m
 VI DA S
’
ART OF POE T R Y .
[ 1 61 - 1 7 6

t so ve
Le reign re ason di c t at ef rom h e r t hron e ,

By w h at d e te r m ine d me t hods t o advan c e ,

Bu t n e ver t ru st t o a rbi trary c han c e .

Wh e rec h anc epre sid e s al l obj e c t s w ildly joine

,
d
Cro wd on th ere ad e r and dis trac t his m i nd 5
,

From t h e meto t h e meunw illing is h et osse d ,

And in th ed ark varie ty is los t .

You se eso mebards w h o bold e ,xc u rsions m ak e

I nlo n g digre ssions f rom t h eb e at e n t ra c k ,

And paint a w ild unn e ce ssa ry t hrong

O f things an d obj e c ts f ore ign t o t h esong ,

For ne w de s c riptions f ro m t h eroad d e p a rt ,

De v oid o f ord e r disc iplin e and art

, , .

So m any ananxious toil an

, d dange r p ass e d ,

So m ewre t c h re turns f ro m banishme nt at las t 5

With f ond d e lay to rang et h eshady wood ,

Now h e re now t h e re h ew ande

, rs f ro m t h ero ad 5
,

From fie l d to fi e l d f rom st r e a m t o s t re
, am h ero ve s ,

And c ourts t hec ooling sh e r o f th egrove

lt e s .

For w hy should Hom e r de c k t h egorge ous ca r ,

O m ni a co ns il iis p rov isa anim o qu ev ol e

, nt i
Ce rt u s ag e a o s e , m pe r nu t u rati o nis eant res .

Q u a n d o q u i d em s e ep e i n c e r t i h u c , i ll u c q u e v ag a m u r,

I u qu eal i a ex al i is i nv i ti i l l ab im u r ors a ,

D u m m u l ta a o v ari a n s an im is s ententi a s u rgit .

Sae p e v i d e s p ri m i s u t q u i d am l o n g i u s o rs i s

D ig re di u n tu r e t ob l i ti q u as i coe
, p t a p rior a

Lo n g e a l ii s h ae r e n t n u l l a s e rm o n i b u s a r t e,

E t l on g o s p era g ra n t t r a c t u s a l i en a c a n e nt e
. s

A o ve l u t i n p a tria m pe regri na s i qu is ah ora

I re c u p i t p os t e
, x il iu m , d u ro s qu el ab or e s,

I l l etam en r ec to non qu a vi a tram i ted u ci t

Carp i t i te r sed nu nc vagu s h ac nu nc errat et i l l ac ,
, ,

Un d i qu ed u m s t u d io f o n te s in v is i t i n an , i
F on te s qu e fl u v i o s qu e e
, , t amoe nos f rigo rel u co s .

Nam q u i d opu s ge mm is arm a to s p i n g er e c u rr u s ,

 V I DA S ’
A RT 0
1? PO ET R Y .
[ 1 92- 206

Ti ll in t h epe dan t all th ebard is los t .

Su c h w it hou t ca reth e i r us e le s s l u mb e r pl ac e5
On eblac k c on f us e d and undige
,
st e
,
d m ass
W i t h a wi ld h e ap e nc u m be rs e ve ry part ,

No r range d w i t h grace nor m e t h o di z ed wi t h art 5

,

Bu t t h e n in chie f whe n t hings a bs tru s et h ey t e

, ac h ,

Th e me s too abst rac t e d f o r t h ev u lgar re ac h

T h ehidd e n natureof th edei tie s ,

T h es e c ret l aw s and m ot ions o f t h esk i e s ,

O r f ro m w h at d a rk origin al be g an
T h efi e ry soul an d kin d l e
,
d up t h em an .

O f t th ey in odious i ns tan ce s engage ,

An d f or e xam pl es ransac k e ve ry age ,

Wi th e ve ry real m 5 no h e ro w il l t h ey p ass ,

Bu t act aga ins t t h eru l e s o f t i m ea nd place .

Avoid yeyo u t hs t h e
,
s epra c t i c e
,
s 5 nor rais e
Yo u r swe lling so u ls t o su c h a t h i rst o f prais e .

So m ebards o f em ine nc et h e reare weow n , ,

Wh o sing so m e ti m es t h ejourne ys o f t h eSun ,

T h erising s tars an d l abo rs o f t h eMoon

, ,

Ind i gnu m ef e ram ? s u n

r t qu i u t s epl u ri m a n
, osse
O s te nt e nt p at e
, atqu es u a ru m o p u l e nt i a r e ru m ,

Q u i c qu i d 0p u m co nges s eru nt s i nem or e s i ne ar te , ,

I rris i efl u nd u nt et v ers i b u s o m ni a acerv a nt

‘

P rae ci u es i u i d s u mm o t u m
p q s i qu i d o e,p rt u m ,

A t qu e p ar u m v u l gi n o t u m au rib u s au t rad i anti s ,

D e c oe l i a rc an a r at io n e De u m v er e
, m o ta
Na t u r a a u t a ni m as o b s c u ro i m p e
, ne t rab i l i s or tu .

Sae p ee ti am a cc u m u l a n t an tiq u a e xe m pl a v i ro ru m ,

Ca rm i n is i ngra t u m g e nu s ! h i nc atq u e i nd e p e ti ta ,

Q u a m vi s sae p e i ll i s t em p s qu el o cu s qu ere
u
p u gn e t .

Ne p u e
, ri netal e
, m a ni m i s i nd u ci te m or e m ,

Nec v os d e ci p i a t l a n d i s t am d ir a c u p i d o .

Ha u d s u m a ni m i d u b i u s m a g nos m e m or ar e p o e tas
In te rd u m So l i s q u ev i as Lu n ae u e l a b or e s
,q ,
20 ]
7 - 220 BOOK I I . 91

Wh at impulsebids th eo ce an ris ean d f all ,

Wh at mo tions shakeand roc k th et re m bling ball ,

Though f ore ign subj e c ts h ad e ngage d the ir c are ,

T h erage th edin an
, d t hund e r of t hew ar
Through th eloud fie l d 5 t h ege nius of t h ee art h ,

O r rul e s to raiset h ev e ge ta bl ebi rt h 5

Ye t ti s b u t s e ldom and w h e n t im eand plac e
’
,

Re quireth et hing and re ,

c on cileto grac e .

Thos ef ore ign obj e c ts ne ce ss ary s e em ,

And f lo w t o all appe

, aran ce f rom t h et h e m e5,

With so mu c h art so w e ll c on ce al ed th e y pl e ase

’

Wh e n wrough t wi t h skill and introdu c e ,

d wi t h e as e .

Should not Anc hise s su c h o cc as ion sho wn

, ,

Re solv eth equ e st ions of his godlik eson ,

I f souls d e prive d of H e ave n s f air ligh t re pair ’

O n c emoret o d ay an d bre ,
at h eth ev i t al ai r ,

O r if f ro m high O ly m p u s fi rs t th e y cam e ,

I nspi re d wi t h portions o f e the real fl a m e ,

Though h eree n c u m be re d w it h t h em ortal f ra me?

Tirenot to o long o nesubj e ct wh e n you w rite ,

For ti s vari e t y t h at gi v e s de light ;

’

A stro ru mqu eo rtu s , qu a v i t u m i da ae q u o ra s u rgant,

Un det re m or te rris ; qu am v i s i l l i o rs a s equ antu r
Lo n ge al i a , a u t d u ri c ant a nt e
s p rael i a M a r ti s,

A u t te
rraem or es varios cu l tu squ ed oc entes
, .

A t p ri u s i n ve nerel o c u m dei n t empor ec apt o

, , ,

T al i a s u bj i ci u nt pa r c i n ec sp o n
, t evi d e
ntu r
Fa ri ea : rem credas h o eips am p os cere i ta as t u m ,

D iss im u l ant ad i tu s qu ep e
, tu nt su pe r o mni a m ol l es .

Cu r p ate r A nc h is e s n atu m o pp or tu na roga n tem

No n doce
at , neani maes e
ru rs u s me l aeth e recas sae

A d c oe l u m re de an t b l an
, d i qu ea d l u m i n is a u ras ?
I gn e
u s an neol l is vi gor e t c oe le
s ti s ori go
,

Se mi n i b u s q u ant u m n
, on n o x i a c or p or a t ar d ant?
u and o qu i de m u t vari u m s i t op u s ( n am qu ei n d ev o l u p t a s
Q ,
 v s A R T or PO ET R Y [
’
. 221 - 25 5

Bu t w h e
n t o t h at v arie t y in c lin e d ,

Y ou s e e k ne w obj e c ts t o re lie v eth em ind ,

Besur el e t no t hing f orc e d or la bore d se em ,

Bu t w at c h your t i m e an d s t e,
al f ro m o f f your t h e
. m e ,

Conce al w i t h c areyour o h gi n
l g t o d ep a r t
For art s chi e f prid eis st ill t o c ove r art
’ ’

So Mul c ib e r in f u tureage
,
s skille d ,

E ngrave d R o m e5 glori e s on E n e as shi e ld

’ ’
,

O nt h ebrigh t orb h e r f u tu reia m ee nrolle

'

d ,

And w i t h h e r t riu m phs c h arg e d t herising gold 5

He refigu re d fi gh t s t h ebl az ing round adorn ,

T he i ehis long lin eof h e ro e s ye t unborn .

Bu t i f a po e t o f Ausoni an birth
De sc ribe s t h ev arious kin gdo m s of th eE art h
Widein te rsp e rs e d t h eM e de s or swarthy Moors ,

T h edi f f ere n t n atu re s of th e ir soils e xplore s ,

And p ain t s t h et re es t h at bloo m on I ndia s shore s ’

O nhis ow nla nd h elooks w i t h p art i al e ye s ,

And li f ts th ef air H e spe ri a to t h eski e s5

G rata v eni t) r eb u s no n u s qu eh aereb 1s i n ns dem .

V er u m u b i vi s ani m is v ari u s s u ccu rreref es s is ,

In g de
r e ri s u en
q o v as f a c i es r er u,m q u e fi g u ras ,

P au l at i m c ap t o p ri m i s d e l ab ere coe p t i s

Te m p or e n , e c p os i t i s i n s it vi o l e nt i a r e bu s
O m ni a sp o n t es u a v e ni ant l ate ,a t qu ev aga n di
D u l c i s am or cu n ,ctam qu ep o t e ns l ab or accu l a t a r t e
m .

Si c ol i m [ E ne aa v e nt u ri h au d i nsci u s ae vi

Rec I tal u m i n cl
yp e
o , R o m an o ru m u et ri u m ph os
q
Fe
ce ra t I n i
g p o t ens , p g
u na t a qu e i n or d i neb e
l l a ,

Stir p i s ab c anio qu o nd am genu s om nef u t u r u m

As .

T u m s i q u i s La t i o cre t u s d es a n g u i n e v a t e
s

P ros equ i t u r vari as oras m or es q u el o co ru m

, ,

Me d os qu e f E t h i o p as qu e e
, t d i tes arb o ri s I n
, d os ;
I mm e m or i l l eni m i s p at ri ae o b l i t u s v es u o ru m
, ,

Si n o n I tal iael a u d e s ae q u a ve ri t as t ri s ;
 VI DA ’
S A RT OF PO E T R Y .
[ 252- 265

Thu s w e ,
ret h ebe e s t hesubj e ct o f m y Mus e ,

Th e ir l aw s the ir natu re
,
s an d ce le s t ia l de ws , ,

Poor Aristae us should his f at edi sc lose ,

His m ot he r s c ounse l should assuagehis w oe

’
s5
O l d Pro te us h e reshould st ruggl ei nh is c h ain ,

Th e rein so f t ve rset h eThrac ian b ard c o m plain

( As Philom ela on a popla r bough

Be wails h e r yo u ng m e lodious in h e
, r w oe )5
P an g e
a a n s t ee ps his sorro w s should r e t urn ,

An d voca l Thrac ew i t h R hodop esho u ld m ourn ,

He b ru s should roll l ow m ur m uring to th ed e

,
-
ep , ,

And barbarous nat ions w ond e r wh y the y we ep .

Thus t oo th epo e ts w h o t h enam e s d ec lare

O f kings an d n ations gath e ring to t h ew ar ,

So m e tim e s di ve rsi f y t h est rain and sing ,

T h ew on d rous c hangeo f t h eLiguri an king ;

Whil ef or his Ph ae ton his sorro ws fl o w ,

And his harmonious s t rains be guil ehis wo e ,

O e r a l l th em ant h esno w y f e at h ers ris e

’
,

And in a tun ef ul s wan h em oun ts t h eski e s .

Thus t ooHippolytu s by Dian s c are ,

’

M en u ll ai dci rco qu i re
t v isee qu i n p os t
si s t r ,

Nat u ras e
t ap u m d i c tas et l iq u i d a m el l a ,

T ri s t is A ri s tae i qu e stu s mon

,
i t u s qu e pa r e nt is
P ro s e u ere r du l c i s e r m o n e e t P ro t ea v in ct u m
q , .

A dd a m T h re i ci i c arm e n m is er ab il ev a ti s ,

Q u a l i s o
p p u l e a q u er i t u r P h i l o m e l a s u b u mb ra ,

Ut R h o d o pe u t P an , g aea fl e a n t R h e s i u t d o m u s al ta
, ,

A t q u eG e tae a tq u eHe
, b ru s e t A c ti as O ri th yi a
,
.

No n al i am o h c au s am r e g es q u i i n p rae l i a eu n t e
s

D i nu m e ra n t po p u l os qu e m or a m trax e
, , re can ente s

A u t Ligu ru m r e gi o b , c a s u m P h a e t h o n t is a m a t i
Du m ge mi t e , t m oe s t u m m u s a so l a t u r am o re m ,

I n s yl v i s c a n o natas i n c orp orep l u m as

A u t ru rsu m Hi ppol yt u m s u p e ras v eniss es u b au ras
266 -230] BO O K 11 .

And P eans
’
e n
pp er ai r
art , r t u r s t o u .

T h ebards n ow pai n t t h eanu s t h e ir he roe s w ield ,

And e a ch b old fi gu reon t h egli tt e ri n g sh ie ld 5

Gre a t Av e nti nu s gre at A l c ide s so n
’
, ,

Woret h ep rou d tro ph y w hich h is f at h e r w on5

A nhundre d se rpe nts o e r th ebu c kl e r ro ll ed
’
,

And Hyd ra his s e d f rom all h e r he ads ingold .

Now blooming Te m pes c o ol re trea ts t h e y si ng

’
,

An d n ow w i t h flo w e ry b e a u ti es p ain t t h es pring .

No w wi t h a sylv an s c e net h ef loods the y hide ,

O r te ac h t h ef a m e d E ridanus to glide ,

O r spo rt on f able d A ch e l oti s sid e

’
,

O r hoary Ne reu s n um e rous rac edispl ay

’
,

T h ehu n dre d az u resis te rs o f t h es e a 5

Wit h t he m t h enym phs t h at h aunt th e ir nat i vew ood s ,

And th elong ord e rs o f t h esyl vangod s .

Wi t h gay d e s c rip tions sp rinkl eh e reand t h e re

Somegrav eins t ru c tivese nte nc e s w i t h c a re ,

Th at to u c h on li f e so m emoral good pu rs u e, ,

And gi veu s virt u eina t ransi e nt v ie w

Pae
onns er v ocat u m he rb is e t amoreDia n , n e .

Ne eve ro i n te re a qu a: ca i qu e i n s ign ia q u a: arma ,

P ra t e reu n t 5 pi n gu nt cl yp e os atq u e He r c u l e pu lch ro

,

P u l ch er A ve nti nos m u s o l i m i ns ign epater nu m

Ce ntmn ang u e s , ci ncta m q u e ge ri t nq m n t i b u s l l y l rz m r .

Sc pee ti a m 1002 m m can u nt ci f rig id : Te m pe , .

Nu nc v ariis pingu nt cu m flori l ms z u r iu m mm vr f ;

Nu nc v iri de s l i qu id i: i w l u ct mt fim t i l ms u m b ra» ,

Cre b raq u e flu v w m m i n ri p n m t ia rmt r 4 m »

' '

1
,

A u t Ve ne z i l i ridz n i z it ! xh tnl i An
, h ei m ,

A dd am d P an za Va r ou s 11 7 7 24 11 01 42 w its” ,
, i
,
1

i t m an ” 511 e R m ga m ma « mam
u .

rm
Pe i t: ain gw :
'
3
- e 2 r
a n t:

( no !
r m a l, M m it m a r” 4
, s
 VI DA S A RT
’
OF P OE TR Y .
[ m -
as

R u le
s w hich t h ef u tu esi rema y m ak eh is o w n
r ,

An d po in t t h ego l d e npre ce p t s t o hi s so n .

So m e ti m e s o nli tt l ei ma ge s to f a l l ,

An d t h u s illu s t ra tem igh t y t hin g s b y s m a ll ,

W i th d u esu cce ss t h eli ce ns e d po e t d are s :

Wh e nt o th eants th eP h rygians h eco m pa re s ,

Wh o le a vi n
,
g Cart h age gat h e r t o t h ese
,
as ,

O r t h ela b ori ous Ty ri an s t o t h ebe e s .

Bu t swa rm i n g fl ie s o fle ns i v eani ma ls
'

, ,

T ha t bu z z inc e s sa n t o e r t h esm oking pal e

’
s ,

A rei mage s t oo l o w to pa in t t h ehos ts

l ha t roll a n d bla c ke no e r An s on ia s c oas ts ;

’ ' ’ ’

T h elo f t y M u s ew h o su ng t h eLa t ia n w a r
W ould t hink su c h t rivi al t hings be ne ath h e r care .

Ho w f ro m his m aj e s t y w o u ld V ir gil fall ,

I f Tu m u s sc arc ere ,
pell e d f ro m Il i on s w all ’
,

Re t iri ng gri m ly w i t h a ta rdy pa c e ,

Had ee r be en figu re d by t h ep ati e nt as s

’

Who m u nre garde d t roops o f boys su rro u nd ,

Whileo e r h is sid e
’
s t heir rattling st rok es re s ound 5

Q u od qu eol i m j u b eant na tos m em iniss ep arentes .

At n on e x i g u is e
t ia m t ei ns is ter er eb u s
A bn u e
ri m s i ma gn a v ol e
, s c o m p on er ep arvi s ,

A u t ap ib u s T y ri os a u t T roj a e x u r b e ro f e c t os
, p
F o rmi cis , Lib ycu m p ro pe ra n t du m l in q u e
rel i t t u s .

Se d n on A u so n ii r e
c tef oed i ss i m a m u s ca
e
M i l i ti s
q u a ar i t nu m er u m c u,m p l u ri m a m u l ctr a m
l ervol ita t ; n
’
e q u eeni m i n Lati o m agno ores o nantem
A rm a d u ce , s qu ed e ce t ta m v i l e s de c i d erei n res .

Ne c d i cti s e t it n l l u s h o no s s i cu m ac t u s ah u rb e
,

Da u n i u s h o s til i T e u c ri s u rge nt i h u s h e ros

Vix p u gn a ab s i s ti t s i m i l i s d i ce
, t u r as e ll o ,

Q u em p u et i lacto p ascentem pi ngu ia i n argo

O rd e a s ti p i t i b u s d u ri s d e tr u d er etend u nt
I ns tantes qu at i u ntqu es u des per ter ga p er a t m os
, ,
98 . VI D A S ’
A RT OF PO ET R Y .
[ 31 2 -327

And Glau c u s tal ks o f brav eBe ll e

rophon ,

Doo m e d f or a law l e ss p assion no t h is o w n ,

Se t s f ort h t h eh e ro s gre at e xploit s to v i e

’
w ,

How t h ebo ld c hi e f t h edireChimae ra sl e w ,

T h eSolymae an hos t an d A m az oni an c re

, w .

For t hoses u rp rising fi ct i o ns arede signe d

W it h t h e ir sw e et f al se hoods to de ligh t th em ind 5
T h eb ards e xpec t no c re di t should b egiv e n
To th ebarel ie t hough au thoriz e ,
d by H e av en ,

Whi c h o f t w i th confi d e nceth e y ven t abro ad ,

Be ne at h t h en e e d f ul san c tion of a god .

’
Tw as t hus th eroas te d he i f ers of t h eSun
Spok eo e r t h en t ew i t h acc e nts no t t h e ir o w n5
’

’
Tw as t hus A c hill e s st e ed his silen c ebrok e
’
,

And Troj an ships in hu m an v oi c es spoke5

As wrough t by H eav e n th e s ew ond ers t h ey re la t e ,

All airy v isio ns o f th eiv o ry gate

Sp e a k t hings b u t on c e i f ord e r b eyour c are , ,

For m oreth ec loye d at t ent ion w ill not b e ar ,

And t e d ious re pe t i tions t ireth ee ar ;

Cri m i nedam nati ( al s o al t e

r Be
ll e
ro p h o nti s
Fac ta ref ert , m ag na d o m i ta m virt u t eCh im ram ,

E t v i ctos p a ri te r Sol ym os et A m a o nas ar m i s

, z .

Nam q u aem u l ta ca nu nt h e ta e t n on c re
, d i ta v at e s ,

D u l c i a qu o v ac u as te ne an t me nd a c i a m e nte s ,

I l l i s n u ll a ti de s qu am nec s i b i d eni qu eap erti

,

E p o scu nt ne
x , c d i ss i m u l a n t l ice t om n
, i a ob u m b rent
Re l l igi o n e D eu m qu a: no n c r e
, de nda p rof a ntu r .

I dci rco Sol i s p e rh i b ent ar m e nta l o qu u ta

M ort u a e , t i n ve ru b u s V u l c a n o t os ta col u rnis ,

Ut m i n u s a c ri s e q u os i t i d em m i r em u r A c h i l l i s ,

Ve rb a qu ev e l if eras ros tris f n d i ss e c a r i n as ;

Om ni a q u aep or ta v e ni u nt i ns o m ni a eb u r na .

D iscee ti am p u l ch ri t i b i s i c u r a or d i n
, is u ll a es t ,

Re s ta n tu m s e me l e fl ari re e r e
'

p : t i t a b i s a u s

Fe rre negant ; s u b eu nt f ess as f as t i d i a ment es

323- 314 ] BO O K II .

I nthis w edi f f e r f ro m t h eGre c i an train ,

Wh o t e ll A tri d e s v isions o e
’
r aga in
’
.

Tis no t e
’
nough wit h t h em w eknow th ec aus e
Why gre at A c hill e s f ro m t h ew ar wi t h d raivs ,

Unl e ss t h ew e e ping h e ro on t h eshore , ,

Te lls his bl u em o th e r al l w eh e ard b e f ore .

So m u c h on pun c t u al ni c e ties th ey s t and ,

That w h e n t he
,
ir kings dispatc h som ehigh c o m m and ,

All w ord f o r w ord t h eembassadors re

, ,
he a rs e

I nt h es a m ete nor o f unvari e d ve rse .

Not so did V e nu l u s f rom A rpi bring

T h efi n al answe r of th ef E to lianking .

Le t ot h ers labor on a vas t d e sign ,

A less bu t polish e
,
d w i th d u ec are b ethine5 ,

To c hangei ts s t ru ctureb eyour las t d e li gh t 5

Thus spend th ed ay and ex e rc iset h enigh t ,

I nc e ssan t in your t oil Bu t if you c hoose .

A l arge r fie l d an d subj e c t f or your Muse ,

I f s c ant y li m i t s should th et h e m eco nfin e ,

n e i h n s t ri s c e r n e e e e
'

Q q u
u a a m t a m i c o s d ifl r P l a s g o s .

Nam t ib i no n r e fe rent s em el ill i s o m nia A tri dae

Ne c s a t cri t s i re tt u l e
, ri n t q u i d f or t i s A c h i l l e s

Me nt ed ol e ns Danau m se s es u b d u x e ri t ar m i s ,

I ps ei teru m E aci d es nis i s ol o i n l i ttor ep o nti

Fle ns e ad em ae qu o r e ae na r rav e ri t o m n i a m a t ri .

Q u i n etiam reges cu m dant m a ndata f erend a

, ,

Cu ne ta ca n u n t p ri u s i ps i e ad e m m ox c a rm i n
, ee o de m
M iss i orat ore s re p e t u n t n i h i
, l or d i n e v e rs o .

No n s i c A u s o ni u s Venu l u s l e g a t u, s a h A rp i s
Cu m r e d it [ E to l i re
, fere ns r e sp o n sa t yr a n ni .

A l tu m al i i s ass u rgat o p u s : t u no c t ed i e qu e
E x i gu u m m e d i tat or u b i s i nt o m ni a c u l ta
, ,

E t vi s e nda no vi s i te ru m u ei t e ru m qu e figu ris

q .

Qu o d si l o ngaru m c or d i m agi s amp l a vi aru m

Su nt s p ati a a n g,u s t i s cu m r es t i b i fi ni b u s a rc t a ,

I n l o ngu m trah i t o ar te: v iseti b i m i l l et rah e nd i ,

1 00 VI DA ’
S AR T OF PO ET R Y .

Le a rn w i t h j u s t a rt t o l e ng th en th ed e sign
Be yond i t s nat ivebou nds T h eroving m ind .

A t housand m et hods t o t his e nd m ay find 5

Unnu m bere d fi ct io ns m ay w i t h t ru t hs b ej oin ed 5
Natu resu ppli e s a f und o f m at t er s t ill 5
T h en c ull th eri c h vari ety at w ill .

Se eh ow t h ebard calls dow n th eem b attl ed gods ,

All rang e d in f act ions f ro m th eir brigh t abod es

,

W h o fi re ,
d w i t h m u t u a l h at e t h e ir a rm s em ploy , ,

And in th efi e l d de claref o r Gre e ceor Troy ,

Till J ovec onve ne s a c ou nc il t o a ssu age

Th e ir rising f u ry and su spe ,
nd t h e ir rag e
Tho u gh th ebl es t gods re m ove d f ro m h u m an eyes
, ,

Livein i m m ortal e as ew i t hin t h edis ta n t ski e s .

And now th einf e rnal re al m his t h e m eh em ake s ,

T h er e ign of Plu to t h eTart are ,

a n l ak e s ,

T h eFu ri e s dr e ad f u l w i t h t h e ir c u rling snake s .

H egat h e rs o m e ns f rom e a c h bird t h a t fl i es ,

And signs f rom e ve ry w ing th at be a ts t h eski e s .

Henow d e sc rib e s a b anqu et w h e ret h egu e st ,

Prolongs w i t h na rrat iv e s t h eroyal f e as t 5

M ill em od i : r1 a m ficta p o t e s m u l ta a d d ere e ri s , v

E t pe
tereh i nc ill i nc v a ri a r u m s e m i na r eru m .

No nnev i d es , u t nos t r a D eo s i n p rae l i a d u ca n t ,

Ho s T e u c ri s a l ios D a n
, ai s s o c i a a r m a f e re nte s ,

Ce rta n te s qu e i n te r s eo d i is d o nec p ater ips e

,

Co n c i l i u m v o cet at qu e i ngentes m o l li at iras ?

,

Cu m s e c u ra ta m en p eni t u s nat u ra D eo ru m
De g a t ,e t a s p ec t u n o s t ro s u m m o t a q u i e s c a. t

A d d u nt i n fe rn as u e ( l om os r e g n a i n v i a v i v i s
q , ,

T a rta re o s u e l a cu s
q , D i t e m q u e et
, E ri n n y as a tr as .

T tu n v o l u cru m c ap ta n t c an t u s a t q u eo m i n
, a pe nna
Sae p ee t i a m h o s p i t ib u s c o n v i v i a l ac t a r e c e p t i
, s

Re g a l e s q u e c a n u n t e p u l as u b i m u l t a re
, p o s t i s

Nat re nt u r d api b u s v a rio s er m o nev i ciss i m .

102 VI D A S ’
ART OF PO E TR Y .

Wh e n be as t s by h e rds and m e nby nati ons d i e5

,

O r t h efi e rcefl a m e s t h at E t na s j a w s e xpir e ’
,

He r me lte d roc ks and d e ,

lug es o f fire ,

Wh en f ro m h e r m ou t h t h eburs t ing va por fl i e s ,

An d c h arg e
,
d w i t h ruin thunde rs t o th eski e
, s ,

Whil edri f ts o f s m okein soot y w hirl wi nds play ,

And c louds o f c inde rs s ta in t h egold e n d ay .

Se e as th epo et so u nds t h ed irealar m s ,

C alls on th ew ar and s e ,
ts t h ehost s in a rm s ,

Squ adro ns on squadrons d rive n c on f u se dly d ie , ,

G ri m M ars in all his t e rrors s t rike s t h ee e

y 5
Moret han d esc ript ion rising t o t h esight ,

Pre sen t s t h ere al horro rs o f t h efi gh t .

A ne w c re a t ion s e em s our pra iset o c l ai m

( H en c e Gr e ec e d eri v es t h esa c r ed po et s n a m e) 5
’

T h edre ad f u l c l an g o f c lashing arms w eb e ar 5

T h eagoni z ing groan t h ef ru i t l e ,

ss pray e r ,

An d shri e ks o f su ppli an t s t h i c ke n on th ee ar .

Who w h e ,
n h ere ads a c i t y s t orm e d f orb e ars ,

To f e el he r w oe s and sympat hi z ein t e

,
a rs ?

Wh e noe r t h ep alac e s t h eflam e s aspire

’

Corp or a, m u l t a h o m i nu m l e
t o d ata : s i veSi c ana
D i ce nd u m qu anti s t e
rra t o net l E t na ru i nis ,
P ro ru m pe ns at ram c oel i u s q u e ad s i d e
r a nu b em ,
T u r b i ne f u m ante m pi c eo , et c and ent ef avi l l a .

Vi d is t i cu m b e l l a ca nu nt h o rrent ia , e
t a r m a,
A r m a f re
mu nt m is ce
, ntqu ee q u i t u m
p ed i t u m qu er u i nas ;
An teocu l o s M a r ti s s e s e o de r t tri s tis i m ago ,
'

No n ta nt u m u t d i c i v i d e an tu r se d fieri re
, s ,

U nd ei ps is nom en G raii f ecerep o etis

A rm o r u m f r ag or a n d iri , g e m i t u s qu ecad e nt u m ,
Cmd e ntu m qu ei c t u s e t in
, an i a v o ta pre ca n tu m .

Q u is q u oq u e, cu m c ap tas ev o l v u nt h os ti b u s u rb es ,

Te mp e ret a l ach ry m i s ? te c tor u m a d c u l m i na saevas

I ref a c es, p as s im qu ed o mos i n v o l verefl am mas
337 - 4 01 ] BOO K II . 103

Fro m wall t o wall and w rap th edo m e

, s in fi re5
T h esir e w i t h ye
,
a rs an d hos ti l erageoppre ss ed5
T h esta rt ing in f ant c li n gi ng t o t h eb re as t .

T h et re m bl ing m o t h e r runs w i t h pi e rc ing c rie s , ,

Through f rie nds and f o e s and shrieking re nds th eski e

,
s5
Dragge d f ro m th eal tar t h edis trac te d f air
,

Be a ts h e r w hi t ebr e as t an d te a rs h e r gold e
,
n hair ;
He rein t hi c k crow ds t h evanquish e d fl y away ,

Th e ret h eproud v i c t ors he a p th ewe al t hy pre y ,

Wi th ragere le n tl ess ravageth e ir a bode s ,

No r spareth es ac re d te m pl e s o f t h ego d s .

O e r t h ew holet o w n t h e y run wi t h w ild afl righ t

'
’
,

Tu m ultuou s h as te a nd v iol e nceo f f ligh t

, .

Why should I m e nt ion h ow our souls as pire ,

Los t in t h erapture s o f t h es ac re d fi re
For e ve n t h esoul no t alwa ys holds t h esa me ,

Bu t k now s at di f f e re n t t im e s a di f f erent f ra m e5
Whe ther w it h rolling s e asons sh ec om pli e s ,

Turns w i t h th eSu n or c hange s w i th th eskie

,
s5
01 through long t oil re m i ssi veo f h e
,
r fi re s ,

Droops w i th t h em orta l f rameh e r f orc einspire s;

rnerecri t, trep i dos qu
Ce es e
e
neros qu ep ar e
s , nt e
pu s

A m pl e x os
, fle nt e s q u ei p s as a d s i d er a m atr es
T ol l ente s cl am o re m h os t e
, s in terqu es u o sq u e

A b s tractas qu enu ru s adyt i s a ris q u eD e o ru m

, ,

E t cri n e m l an i are et pec t ora tu nd erepal m is

,

H o s f u ge re as t ill o s i ngentem ab d u c et ep rae

, d am ,

Pe rq u edo m os p erq u eal ta ru u nt d el u b ra D eo ru m ,

A tq u eh u c a tq u eil l u c t o ta d iscu rri t u r u r b e .

Qu i d cu m ani m i s s ac er es t f u ror add it u s atqu ep ot ens , vi s ?

Nam vari ant s p e cie s an im o ru m e t pe c tora nos tra
,

Nu nc h os nu nc ill o s m u l t o d i s c ri m i ne m otu s
, , ,

Co n ci p i u n t ; se u q u o d c oeli m u tatu r i n h or as
Te m pe s tas ,h omi n u m qu es i m u l q u oq u ep e c tor a m u ta nt ;
Se u q u i a no n i i dem res p o nd ent szep el ab o r e
Se ns u s e fioe ti at qu ean im u s cu m c orpor e l a n u e
'

, g t ;
1 04 VI D A S ’
ART OF PO E TR Y .
[ 452- 41 7

O r t h at our m inds alternat e ly app e ar

Now brigh t w i th j oy and now o e , rcas t w i t h c a re

’
.

No b u t t h egods t h ei mm orta l gods supply

,

T h eglo rious fi re s 5 t he y spe a k t h ed e ity .

Th e n bl e st is h ew h o wait s t h eauspic iou s nod ,

T h ew armt h di vin e an d pre se

, n c eof th egod 5
W ho his susp e nd e d l abo rs canr e st rain ,

Till H e ave n s se re n eind u lge nc esmil e s again

’
.

Bu t s t ri ve on no pre
, te nc e against your power , ,

Ti l l t i m ebrings bac k th ev oluntary hour .

So m e tim es t he ir v erdant honors l e aveth e w oods ,

And t h e ir dry urns d e f rau d t h et hi rs ty fl oo d s 5

N01 s till th eri ve rs a full c h anne l yi e ld ,

Nor Spring wi t h fl owe ry b e au t i e

s p ain ts th eh e ld
T h ebards no le ss su c h fickl ec hange s fi nd 5
D ampe d is th enoblea rdor o f th em ind 5
Th e ir w onte d t oil h e r we a ri e d pow e rs re f u se5
Th e ir souls gro w sl ac k and languid to th eMus e ,

De af to t h e ir c all t h eir e,
f f orts arewi t hs t ood
R ou nd th e ir c old h e art s c ong e als t h ef r e e z ing blood .

Se
u qu i a cu raru m i nte
rd u m , v a cu edol ori s ;
i qu
In te rd u m t ri s t e s cae co i n t u s tu n d im u r ae st u .

D i i p o ti u s n os t ri s a rdo re m h u nc m e ntib u s add u nt ,

D11 po ti u s : f e l ix qu e i d e o qu i temp ora qu ivit ,

A dv e ntu mqu eD e , i e t s ac r u m e x e
p c ta recal orem ,

P au l is p e rqu eo p e ri p osi to s u b du cerem entem ,

M u ta ti do n e c red eat cl em enti a coel i .

Sp o n tes u a v e ni et j u s tu m ( nea cce rs i t e t e

) m p u s .

In te rd u m e t s yl v i s f ro n de s e ,t f on ti b u s h u m or
De su n t n
, e c vi c t i s s e mpe r c ava fl u m i na t i pis
P le na fl u u nt ne , es em pe r agros v er p i ng it apri co s .

Sors e ade m i nce rtis co n ti n g i t s e

e e
p p o et i s .

In te rd u m e x h a u s tael a n g u e nt a d c ar m i n a v ir e s ,

A b s u mpt u s qu evi g or s t u d i oru m qu e i m m e

, mo r e st me
ns 5
T o rp e s cu n t se ns u s ; c ir c u m p rae c ord i a sa ngu is
Stat ge l i d u s ; cre d as p e ni tu s m igrass eCam oe nas,
106 VI DA S ’
ART OF P O E TR Y .

Nor canth eraging fl ame s th e ms e lve s c ont ain ,

For t h ew hol egod d esc e nds into th em an5

Hequit s m ort a li ty h eknows no bounds , ,

Bu t si n gs inspire d in moreth an human sou nds ,

Nor f rom his bre as t cansh ak et h ei m m or tal load ,

B u t p a n t s an d rave s i m p ati e n t o f th ego d 5

And rap t be
,
yond hi m sel f a d m ire s th ef orc e ,

Th at dri ve s h i m o nre lu c tant t o th ec ours e .

Hec alls on Ph oe bus by t h egod oppre ssed

,

Who bre at h ese xc e ssivespiri t in his bre as t 5

N0 f orc eo f thirs t or hunge r canc on trol

T h efi e rce t h eruling t ra n
,
spor t o f his soul .

O f t i nt h e ir sl ee p inspired w i t h ragedivin e, ,

So m ebards e nj oy th evisions o f th eNi ne

Visions t h e m se lve s w i th d u eappl aus em ay c row n ,

Visions th at Ph oe bus or t hat J ovem ay o wn5

To s u c h a h e igh t t h egod e x al t s t h efl am e ,

And so unbound e d is t h e ir t hirs t o f f a me .

Bu t h e re y eyou t hs e ,
xe rt yo u r ti m e ly c are , ,

Nor t ru s t t h eungo v e rn a b l eragetoo f ar ;

U s en ot your f or t u n e nor un f u rl your s ails , ,

Though so f tly c our te d by th efl atte rin g g a l e

s 5

O b l i t u s queh o m i ne m m i ru m so n at : h au d p o t is i gn em
E x cu te re i n ,
vi tu m m i ratu r s ei re rap i qu e ,

P raeci p i te m te P h oe
, b e vo can
, s t e P h ce
,
b e p re ,
me ntem
, ,

Vocif e ra n s p ,l e
n u s q u e D eo s t i m u l i s qu e s u b act u s
,

Ha u d pl aci d i s ; non i l l ed ap u m no n il l e qu i e t is
,

A u t s om n i m em or h anc p otis es t d ep o net e c u ram

, .

Sae p e et i a m i n s o m n i s m em or e s P h o eb e i a v e
r sa n t
Mun e ra et i nv enti q u i da m qu i sae
, p e s o p or e
I n me dio M u s is ce ci n e re e t A p oll i n ed i gna .

T an t u s a m or f am ae p rae sentia tanta D e

, i vi s !
No tam e n ah ! ni m i u m p u e r o nefid ec al or 1 ,

No n tef ort u na s em p e r p erm i tti m u s u ti ,

P raese ntiqu eau ra sae vu m du m

, p ec t or e n u m en
443- 46 2] BOO K I I . 107

Re
f us eth e
m s till and c all your judgm e
, n t in ,

W hil eth efi e rcegod e xults and re igns w i thin .

T O re ason s s t and a rd b eyour t hough t s co n fined

’
,

Le t j u dg m e nt c alm th et e mpe st of th emind 5

I ndulgeyour h e at w i t h c ondu c t an d re s train , ,

Le arn w h e n to draw and w he n to gi v e th ere

,
in 5 ,

Bu t al ways wai t t ill t h ew arm rap ture s ce as e ,

An d lull t h etu m u l t s o f th esoul t o p e ac e 5

Th e n nor t ill th e
,
n e xami nes t ric t ly o e
,
r
’

Wh at you r w ild s alli e s m ight sugge s t be f ore .

Besuref ro m Nat u ren e ve r to de pa rt 5

To c opy Natureis t h etask of art .

T h enoble s t po e t s o wnh e r sov e reignsway ,

And e ver f ollow w he res h el e ads t h ew ay .

From h e r t h ed i f f e
- ren t c h aracte rs t h ey t rac e ,

Th at m ark th ehu m an or t h esavag erac e ,

E ac h v arious an d dis t in c t I ne ve ry s tag e .

The y p ain t m ankind t he ir humors se x and age , , .

Th e y show w h at m ann e rs t h eslow sageb e com e ,

W hat t h ebrisk you t h in al l h is sprigh tly bloo m 5

Insi de
t: at p o t i u s ee
rat io qu t c u ra re
, s is tat .

F rae no si s tef u re ntem a ni m u m e t s u b s i gn

, a v o c at o ,

E t p re me re et l ax as s oi to dar eca nt u s h ab enas

, .

A tq u ei d e o s em p er tu nc ex p e ct arej u b e mu s
Du m f u e ri n t p l a c a ti a n i mi co m pre , ss u s e t o mn is
I mp etu s : h i c recol ens s edato c or der ev is e
Om n i a , qu aecaec u s m enti su bj eceri t ard or .

P rae te rea h a u d l at e at ten i l co n a ri e r a rt e m ,

Natu ram nis i u t ass i m u l e t p rO p i u s qu ese

, qu a t u r

Hanc u nam v ate s s i b i p ro p os u e rem agi s t ram

Q u i c qu i d agu nt h u j u s s em p er v e
, s ti gi a s e rvant .

Hi neva ri os m or e s qu eh o m i n u m m or e s q u ean
,
i m antu m ,

A u t st u d i a i m p ari h u s d i ve rsa ae tati b u s ap ta

E fii n g u nt f ac i vee r b o ru m et i,m ag i n e r edd u n t
Qu aet ardos qu esenes d ece an t j u ve ne ,sq u ev i re nte s ,
108 V I DA S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .

I ne
very w o rd nd se n ti m e nt e
a xplain
How t h eproud mon arch d i fl e rs f rom t h eswa in
'

I nause ateal l c on f ound e d c h arac t e rs ,

Wh e reyoung Te lemac hus t oo graveapp e a rs ,

O r re vere nd Ne st or ac t s be ne a t h his y e ars .

T h epo e t sui t s his spe ec h e s wh e n h esings , ,

To prop e r pe rs ons a nd t h es tateo f things 5

Ou e ir just dis ti nc tions arebe
ac h t h e s to w e d ,

To m ark a m ale a f em al e or a god , , .

Thus w h e n in H e av en se di t ious tu m ul t s ris e ,

A m ongst t h eradiant s e n ateo f t h eski e s ,

T h esireo f gods an
'

d sov e re ig no f m ankind
I na f ew w ords u n f olds his sac re d m ind .

Not so f air Ve nu s w h o at l arg ere pli e

,
s ,

And pi ti es Troy and c ounts h e r m is e

,
ri e s ,

Woe s und e se rv e d Bu t wi t h c on te . nt ion fi re d ,

And w i th t h espi ri t o f re ve ngeinspire d ,

Fi erc eJ uno st or m s am idst t h ebl e s t abod e s ,

And s tuns w i t h loud c o m plaint s th el ist e ning gods .

m i ne
F oe u m qu ege nu s q u a nt u m qu oq u er u ra col e
, nti ,

A u t f am u l o d i st e t re g u m a l t o e sa ng u i ne cr e t u s .

Nam m i h i no n p l ace at te ne ros si si t gravis anno s

,

Te le m a c h u s s u pr a s e nior s i Ne
, s t or i n an i
G au d e at e t l u do e , t can i b u s pi ct is v e p h are
, t ri s .

E t q u on i am i n nos t ro m u l ti p ersae p e l o u u n
q t u r

Carm i n e ve , r b a il l is pro c o ndi tio nevi roru m

A u t re r u m d am u s et pro prii tri b u u nt u r h o nores
, ,

Cu iqu es u n s , se u m as s e u f oe
, min a s i v eD e , u s sit .

Se m pe r enim s u mmu s D iv u m p ater atq u eh o m inu m

I psei n c o nc i l io f at u r s i f ort eco orta ,

Se d i ti o p a u c i s : at n
, o n Ve nu s au re a c on tra
P au c a re fe rt T e
, u cru m i n d i gn os m iserata l ab or es .

In g r e d i t u r f u ri i s , a t q u e a l ta s i l en t i a r u m p i t ,

A c t a f u ror egr av i J u n ,
o ao f oe t a u s q u e qu e
,
re l is .

Cu m qu ee ti am j u v e ni gl isca t v i ol e nti a m ajor ,

1 10 v s A R T O F 303 1 11 1 [
'
. 492- 1151

How int hi s Dido is t hat Dido l os t ,

Who lat erece i ve d t h eTroj ans on h e r c oas t ,

An d b ad et h e m ban ish gri e f an d sha reh e

, r t h ro ne ,

Dis m iss th e ir f e a rs an ,
d t hin k he r re al ms t h e ir o w n
Ne xt t h egre a t orat o rs c onsu l t a n d th e, n ce
Draw all t h em ov ing turns o f e l oqu e n ce
Tha t Sinon may his Phrygian f o e s be tra y ,

And l e ad t h ec rowd as f raud dire ,

c ts t h ew ay 5
Th at wi seUlysse s may t h eGree ks d e ta in ,

WhileTroy ye t st ood f ro m m e ,
asu ring b ac k t h em ain .

Ne ed I nam eNe s t or w h o c ould talk to peac e

, ,

Wit h me l t i ng w ords t h ef ac t ious kings o f Gre

, e ce ,

Whos eso f t addre ss th e ir f u ry c ould c on tro l ,

Mold e ve ry pas sion and sub d u eth esoul ?

,

Th e sesoo t hing a rt s to Ve nus s u rew e rekno w n ,

To b e g i mm or t al a r m s t o g ra c e h er son 5
He r injur e d spousee ac h t h rilling w ord inspire s ,

W i th e ve ry pang o f lo veto s e c ond h e r de sires 5

W i th nic e s t art th ef air adul t e re ss d raws
He r f ond addre sse s f rom a dis tan t c aus e ,

Q ua q u i b u s a n t e
f e
ra t ; q u a n t u m a h ! d i s t a b i t ah i l la
Didon e ex ce
, p i t T en e ros q u ae nu pe r e
g e n t e s ,

So l verec ord em etu m at q u ej u b ens secl u dere c u ras

, ,

Invi ta n s qu es u i s v e ll e nt c o ns i de reregnis !
Ne c t eo rat ore s p i ge at art is qu em agi s t ros
,

Co n s u l u iss e Si n
, o n P h rygi os qu o f all erep oss i t
A rte d o lis qu ocu n
, q u e a n i m os i m p e ll er e d o c t u s ;

Q u o v e t e
n er e q u e a t G ra i os f a nd i a u t or U l y ss e s

Stan ted o m u m T roj a ta n de m dis ce de rec ertos .

Q u i d ti b i nu nc d u l cem p raecu nctis Nestora di cam ,

Q t o ti e
u i s in te r p ri m ore s A rgi v o ru m

I ngentes potu it v erb i s c om po nerel i tes ,

E t m u l ce r eanimos et m ol l i a fingere c orda ?

,

A rt i b u s h i s c e rt eCyth erea instru cta d ol isqu e , ,

A rm a rogat n at o ge ni trix e t ad u l te
, ra lae su m

Vu l can u m al l o qu i t u r di ct is qu eas p ir at a mo re
, m .
w m] B OOK II .
Il l

To cfl ch his p m im s m d m ifis w in
d .

A t h anm d dcifl a e u t m a i m s t o fl teh em

'

'
;
Ha o m a hi s hj e
sn m gay or s ad app e u s ,

nhehi s dw
Wh e Em y di oedefl a es

Wi fl nh esof t h arp t h eb ard t e lie ve s his pain;

F o r me q w h en m o rn ir g d a w n s p m l o ng s d te s t rai n
,

F or th e e wh e nPhoe, bu s s e eks t h ese as again .

O r wh e nt heyou n g E u r ya l u s is k i l le d ,

An d ro l l s i nde at h al o n g t h e b l oo d y fiel d ;
Lik eso m ef ai r flowe r be ne at h t h e sh am h elie s,

His h e ad d e clin ed an d droopin ,g a s h e d i es 5

T h ere ad e r s sou l is tou ch e d wi th ge n erou s wo e
’
,

Helo n g s t o ru sh w i t h N i su s o n th e f o e 5

Nam eau sas peti t e

x al to inde
p rensa. vi t i qu e
Cir c u i t o ccu l ta ve
rboru m i ndagi neme
nte
m .

Disci t u r e te
hi nni m s e
c ns u s me nte squ el e ge ntu m
F le cte re div e , rs osqu ean imis m otu s dare, u t i l lis
I mp e ret art epote ns d i c tu mir ab i l e vote
, s , .

Nam se m pe r seu lae , ta c an at s e u tri s ti a moe , rem ,

A ff ectas i m pl e t tac i ta d u l ce di nem e nte s .

Qu e m n o n T h re i ci i q u o n d am sors as pe ra vatis
M oll i at am issam d u m s ol o i n l i ttor ese
, cu m ,

E u ryd i c e sol an ,s ae g ru m t e
s t u di neamore m ,

T e ve
, ni e nted ie te de ce
, de nte vo care
. t? ,

Qu i d ? p u er E u ry al u s cu m p u l ch roevo l vitu r artu s ,

A d d ol or ! i n g u e h u m ero s l a psa c e
rv i cer e c u mb ent
Lan gu e s ci t m ori e n s ceu fl os s u cci su s ar atro :
,

A rde t ad irean imu s l ectori et 6 111 1 6 1 6 i nips u m,

1 12 VI D A ’
S A RT OF PO ET R Y .
[ 503 -
537

Heburns wi t h f ri e
ndly pi t y edeadto th ,

T o ra is eth eyo u t h an ,
d prop his si n ki ng h e ad ,

And st rive s i nva into s t o p th egushi n g blood ,

Th at s ta ins his bos o m w ith a pu rpleflood .

Bu t if t h ebard su c h i mage s pu rsu e s

T hat raiset h eblush e s o f th ev irgi n mus e ,

Le t t he m b esligh tly tou c h e d and nee re xpre ssed ’

,

Giveb u t a hin t and l e t u s gu e ss t h ere st .

I f J ovec omm ands t h egath e ring st o rms to rise ,

And w i th de ep t hunde rs re nds t h evaul te d s ki es ,

To t h esam ec avetoge the r m ay re pair

T h eTroj an h e ro an d t h eTy rian f a ir
T h epo e t s mode st y m ust a d d no more
’
.

E nough t h at E art h h ad give n t h esign be f ore ,

T h ec onsc ious e th e r w as w i t h fl a m es o e rs p read

’
,

T h enymphs ransh ri e king round th emou ntain s h e ad

’
.

Nor l e t young Troilu s unh appy boy , ,

Me e t he rc eA c hill e s i nt h epl ai ns o f Troy ,

Bu t show t h eune qu al you th s un ti m e ly fal l

’

To gre at [ E n eas on t h eTyrian wall 5

Vo l scente m, pu e ri qu eman u m s u p po nerem e nt o

La b e nti , ao l argu m f r u s tr a proh i b erecru o re
m
P u rp u r eo ni veu m s ignantem fl u m i nep ec tu s .

P os tr em o, t i b i siq u a i ns tan nd a, ru b ore

t d i ce m
Q u aeteneru m i ncu te rent M u s is a d ape rta ch o ri s qu e
,

Vi rgi n e is mol l i ve
, l p raeterl a b e
re ta c t u

D iss i m u l a ns ve
, l ver teal ios et rem s u f ficefictam
, .

Si pate r omni potens toni tru coe l u m om n eci eb it ,

Sp elu ncam Di d o , d u x e t T roi a n as eande m

De veni ant : p u d or u l teri u s ni h i l adderec u ret .

Nam sat eri t, T e ll u s q u od p ri ma, e t co nsci u s E th er

Co nnu b ii d e
nt ignu m u l u l entqu ei n v erti c eNymph te
s , .

Ne veal iis impar nim iu m neT roil u s arm is

, ,

A h ! pu e r i nf el ix f aei to concu rrat A ch il l i ,

Q u am q u ib u s i n Li byco cons p ex it l i ttorepi c t u m

1 14 VI D A S ’
AR T OF PO E TR Y .

WhileLat ium s sons improveh e ’

r be st de signs ,

Till by d e gre ese ac h polishe d labor shine s ,

Whil eR om eadvanc e s no w in art s as f ar ,

Aboveall c itie s as o f old in w ar

,
.

Y egods o f R om e , y e gu a rdi a n d ei t i e s ,

Who li f t our nation s glory to th eskie ’

s ,

And t hou Apo llo t h egre

,
at sour c eo f Troy
, ,

Le t R omeat l e ast this singl ep a l m e njoy ,

To shinein art s supre me as onc ein po we r , ,

And te ac h t h en at ions s h es u bdu e d be f ore ,

Sin cedisc ord all A u sonia s kings alarms ’

,

And c louds t h eanc ie nt glorie s of he r arms .

I nou r ownbre as t s wesh e at h t h ec i v il sw ord ,

O u r c oun t ry nake d to a f ore ign lord ;

Whi ch late ly prost rat e s tart ed f ro m d e
,
spair
, ,

Burn e d wi th ne w hop e s and ar m e d he r h ands f o r

,

Bu t ar m e d i nvain T h ein e xorabl ehate

.

Of e nv ious Fortu necall e d he r to h e r f at e 5

I ns at i atein h e r rag e h e r f ro w ns oppos e ,

T h eLati an f a mea n d wo e s ar eh e
,
ap e d onwoe s .

O m ni a e
tt u l e
r ri nt , du m l o ngem ax i m a R o ma
Ut b e
ll i s tu d i is , i ta do ct is a rt i b u s o m nes ,

Q u ot So l c u nq u ev i det terraru m , a i ve
nte ri t u rb e
s .

D ii R omaei nd ige
tes , T roj aet u qu ea u tor A pol l o, ,

U nd egenu s nostr u m c oe l i s eto ll i t ad as t ra ,

Ha nc sal te m au f e rri l au d e m p ro h i b e t e La ti n is
A rt i b u s e mi n e at s e mp e r s tu di is qu e M i nerva
,

I tal i a et gentes doceat p u l c h erri m a R o ma ;

,

Q u a n d o q u i d em a r m or u m p en i t u s f or t u na rec e ss i t ,

T an ta I t al os i n te r crev it d is c ord i a r ege s .

I ps i nos i nt er stevos d is tri ngi m u s cu s es ,

Ne c p atri am p u d e t ex te rn i s ap e t i t et yra n nis .

Spe s tam e n I tal iaepro s trataeafl u l s e rat i n en

'

g s

Nu pe r e t e e i i ni m e e xe rat au s is
, g g
r s a o s r

He u f r u s tr a ! i n vi di t l au d i f ors l ae va Lati nas,

57 0-537 ] BOO K II . 1 15

Ou dre
r ad al ar m s e ac h f ore ign m onarc h t ook ,

Through al l t h e ir t ribe s th edis ta nt nat ions shook ,

To E a rth s las t bounds t h ef a m eo f Leo runs

’

Nileh e ard an d I ndus t re

, m bl e
d f o r his sons ,

Arabia h e a rd t h eM e dic e an line ,

T h efi rs t o f m e n and sprung f ro m rac ediv in e

, .

T h esov e re ign prie s t and mit re d king app e

,
ars ,

W i th his lo ve d J ulius joine d, w h o kindly sh are s

T h ere i ns o f e m pirean d t h epubli c c are s5
To bre ak t h e ir c oun t ry s c h ains t h ege ne
’
rous p air ,

Conc e rt t h eir sc h eme s and m e di tat eth ewar .

O nLe o E urop e s monarc hs t urn th e ir eye s

’
,

O nh i m alon et h ew e st ern w orld r e li es ,

And e ac h bold c hi e f atte nds his dre ad al arm s ,

Whilet h eproud c re sce nt f ad es be f orehis ar m s .

High on his spl e ndid car i m m ort al R o m e , ,

Thin ee ye s h ad s e en t h eholy warrior c o m e ,

Lord o f t h evanquish e d w orld in t riu m ph ho me5 ,

Ne e d am f ata m al is I tal u m e x at u ra ta qu i e ru n t .

J a m g en t e s l o n e
g p o s i ta e t r e p i d a
, r e d u c e s q u e
E x te rni : j am d i ves A rab s j am Nil u s et I nd u s
, ,

A u d ie ra n t l on g e T u s c i d e c or a a l t a L e o n i
,s

A u di e ra n t Me d i cu m qu ege , nu s sti rp e m qu e D e oru m

J a m t u m i ll e e g gr e i as c u r as a cc i n x e r a t a r d e ns

P ro patri ze d e c ore pro l i b ertate s ep u l ta

,

An ti qu zeA u s o n iae ge
, rm ano f retu s I u l o ,

Q u i cu m p a r t i t u s c u r a r u m i n g e n t i a s e m p er
P on de ra co mmissas rer u m t ractab at h ab enas
I dem regnato rqu e h o mi nu m Di vu m qu esac erd os ,
.

J q
a m u e ill u m E u ro p e e r e, g e s g e n s q u e o m ni s i n u nu m
Co n ve rs i qu eo cu l os , co n ve rs i qu eo ra t e ne b an t

J q m e d c e n i m i il l m n d i b o m n e
'

a u u s a s u c o c o r u s s

Vell es equ i trepi d os i n T u rcas arm a parantem .

I l l u m qu a d rij u go i nv e ct u m p e r mc eni a cu rr u ,

R o m a tri u m ph at o v i d iss e
, s p ro ti n u s orb e :

I ll u m , T yb ri pate r, l aetanti spu m eu s al veo

1 16 VI DA S ’
ART OF POET R Y .
[ 533-6 00

T h y s t re
ams , old Tibe r swe lle d w it h co ns c iou s pride
, ,

Had bo rn et h y kindre d warrior dow n t h y t ide ,

Wh il e cro wde
,
d up in h e a ps t h y wa ve s ad m ire
,

T h eca p t iv en atio n s and th e i r s t ra ngeat t ire

,
.

Be hi nd his w he els should m arc h a n u m e rous t ra in

O f sce p t re d slav e s re lu c ta nt to t h ec h ain
, ,

Forge t th e ir h au gh t y th re ats an d bo as t in v ain 5

o
,

Th ough t h eproud f o e o f J e w ry s r e a l m poss e

,
ss e d
’
,

Has spre ad h is w id edo m inion t hrough t h eE as t ,

Se e s h is d re ad s tandard th e rea t largeun f u rl ed ,

And gras ps in though t t h eem pireo f th ew orld ,

And now yegods inc re

,
ase d in barbaro us po we r ,

His ar m ie s hove roe r th eH e spe ri an shore

’
.

To s e et h epassi ng po m p th erav ish e d t hrong

,

Through e ve ry s t ree t sho u ld fl ow in ti d e s along 5

T h es ac re d f ath e r as t h enu m be
,
rs roll e d ,

Should his de ar c it i z ens again be hold ,

High o e r t h eshou ting c row ds e n t hrone d in gold 5

’

Should show t h etrophi e s o f his glo rious t oils ,

And h ang t h esh rines w i t h c onse c ra te d spoils 5

P il es o f ba rbari c gold should gli tte r t he re ,

T h ew e al t h o f kingdo m s an d t h epo m p o f w ar .

re
E x ci pe s, T u s cu s Tu s cu ehem,re s qu ep e
v r u n d as
M i ratas h abi t u s q u e n ov os h om i nu m qu efig u ras
,
.

I ss e nt po s t cu rru s ca pt i l o ngo or d i ner e g es :

O bl i t u s qu em i nas m i nor ir e t b ar b at u s h os t i s ,

i v i c i S o l y m i n n c q e o ri e n e s u b a cto
Q u t s s u a t u
,
t

E x u l t a t fid e ns o rb isq u eafl ecta t h ab e nas

'

Il fl e at q u e I tal a: j a m j a m s ce l u s ! i m m i ne t o rze
'

‘
ru s , ,
.

V is e nd i s t u d io p assi m R o ma na j u v ent u s
Pe r f or a erq u e vi as f e s t a d i scu rre re t u rb e
, p ,
.

I pses u os s ol io f u l gens pater au reu s al t o

A s pi ce re t c i ve s l on o
g p o s t t e m p or e vi s os ;

Barb ari cu mqu e a u ru m p rae , dae qu e j u b e r et a c erv o s

Sacra tis adyt is p e , ni t u s qu eal ta a r c ere p on i .

1 18 V I DA S ’
ART OF 9 03 1 11 11 .
[ 14 2

B OO K I II .

HA T s t yl e
,
w h a t l a nguage sui t s th epoet s la ys , ,
’

To cl ai m Apollo s and th eMus e s praise

’ ’
,

I n o w u nf old To t his las t bound I te

. nd ,

And s e em y pro m ise d labors at ane nd .

Fi rst t h e n wi th c a rea jus t e

, xpre ssion c hoos e ,

Le d by t h ekind indulge nc eo f th eM u se
T O dre ss up e ve ry subj e c t w he n you wri te ,

And s et al l obj e c ts in a prop e r ligh t .

Bu t l es t th edis tan t prosp e c t o f t h ego al

Should dam p your v igor and your s t re ngth c ontrol ,

R ous ee ve ry pow e r and call f orth al l th esoul

, .

Se eh o w th eNin et h ep an ting you th inv i te ,

W i th o neloud v oi c eto re ac h Parn as s u s h e igh t ’

Se eh ow th e y hold al o f t t h eimmort al c ro wn ,

To urg eth ec ours e and c all t h ev ic tor on ,

Seef ro m t h ec louds e ac h l av ish godd e ss pours ,

Fu l l o e r th y h ead a sudd e n spring o f fl owe

’
, rs ,

And ros e s fall in odori f e rous sho we rs 5

UNC au te
i ngu aes tu d i u m m orem qu el o qu endi
m l , ,

Q u em vates M u s se q u ep rob ent atq u eau tor A p ol l o

, , ,

E x pe d i am c u r a m e
, x tr em am ii ne m qu el ab oru m
,
.

D is ce nd u m i nd i c i a e t ve rb o ru m l u m i n
, a q u aes i n t
Mun ere Pi e ri d u m l u s t ra n d is ad d i ta r ebu s .

Nete o pe rei ncoe t o d et err eat ard u a m e t a;

, p ,

A u de nd u m p u e , r atq u ei nvi c to p ec toreagend u m

,
.

Ja m t e P i eri d e s s u m m a en l d e r u e
p p p q
ro in u u m

V o c ev ocant vi rid i qu e os tentant f rond ec ot o nam

,

Vi cto ri at q u ean
, i m o sti m u l o s h o rtati b u s ad d u nt .

J q
a m u e ro sas cal a t h i s s pa rg u n t p e r nu b i l a p l e
n i s

De e et f l o t u m pl a c i d o t epl u ri m a n i m b o
su
p r ,
 ]
1 3- 23 BOO K 1 1 1 . 1 19

Ce le s t ial s c e
n ts in bal m y bre eze s fly ,

And sh e d a m brosial spiri t s f rom t h esky

I nc hi e f av oid obs c u ri ty nor shroud
, ,

Your though ts and d ark c on c e p t ions in a c loud 5

For som e w eknow afi e ct t o shun t h eligh t
'

, , ,

Lost in f orc ed figu re s and in v ol v e d in nigh t 5

Studious and b e nt t o l e av et h ec o m m on w a
y ,

Th e y skulk in darkn e ss and abhor th eday .

O h m ay t h es ac re
, d Nineinspiremy lays
To shinew i th prid ein t h e ir ownn ativerays
For t his w enee d no t i m portunet h eskie s
I nour ownpo w e r and w ill t h ebl e ssing li es .

E xpre ssion boundle , ss in e x ten t displays ,

A t hous and f orms a t housand s e ve

,
ral ways 5
I ndi f f e re n t garbs f ro m di ff e ren t qu arte rs brough t ,

I t m ak e s unnu m be re d dre ss es f or a t hough t

Su c h v ast vari e t ie s o f hu e s w eh nd
To pain t c on c e p t ion and un f old th em ind ,

I f ee r you t oil b u t t oil w i t hou t su cc e ss

’
, ,

To giv eyour i m age s a shining dre ss ,

Te
mpe e m qu ee
fl u su s o d or e
'

s tas o p ri t, g ra t u m
A m b ro s iael irat d i vi na v o l u p tas
iqu or as p , .

Verb o ru m i n ri m i s te
p ne b r as f u g e n u b il a
qu e a t r a ; ,

Nam neq u e ( s i tant u m f as c r e de re) d ef u i t ol i m ,

Q u i, l u me
nj u nd u m u l t ro l u ce
cu m qu epe ro su s
, ,

O b s c u ro ne b u laes eci rcu m f u d i t am i ct u

T an t u s a m or no c t i s l at e b raet am d ir a c u p i d o
, .

I l l eego s i m cu i P i eri d es d ent c ar m i na M u sac

,

L u m i nec l a r a s u o e x te r naeni h i l i ndiga l u c i s

, .

Ne c t am e n i d v o tis o p tand u m d e ni qu em agnis

I p sev ol ens p er t ep ot eris 5 v is Daed al a f andi
T o t s ea d e o i n f ac i es to t s e c onverti t i n ora
, ,

M i l l e tr ab e ns v ari a s e c u m ratio nec ol ores .

M i l l e m o d i s ap e t i t ed a t u r m e nti sq u el ate b ras ,

Qu iq u el atent t ac i to a r ca ni s u b p ec tor em ot u s .

Si t i b i , d u m t r e i d as , n n h a c su cce ss eri t, e t l
. p o u x
1 20 VI DA S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .

Qui t your p u rsuit and c hoosea d ifie re nt way

'

aking f ort h t h ev o l u n
'

Till bre
, , ta ry ray

Cu ts t h ethic k darkn e ss and le ts do wn t h ed ay .

Sinc et h e n a t housand f orm s you m ay pu rs u e ,

A t hous and figu re s rising to t h ev i e w ,

Unl e ss confi ne d an d s t ra i t e ne d in your s c h e me ,

W i t h t h eshort li m i t s o f a s c an ty th e me ,

From t h e s et o t hos ew i t h bo u ndl e ss f ree do m p ass ,

And to e ac h i m ag egi v ea di f f e re n t f ac e5
T h ere ad e rs h enc ea w ondro u s pl e asurefi n d ,

That c h ar m s t h ee ar an d c a p t i v a te s th em i nd .

I nt his th elaw s o f Nat u rew eob e y ,

And act as h er e xam pl epoints t h ew ay ,

W hic h h as on e ve ry di f f ere n t sp e c ies t hro w n

A sh ap edis tinc t and n ,
gureo f i ts o w n5
M andi f f e rs f ro m th eb e a s t t h at h au n t s t h ew oods ,

T h ebird f rom e v ery n ativ eo f t h efloods .

Se eh ow th epo e t ba nish e s w i th grac e

A n ativ eterm t o givea s trange r plac e

No n d a t u r h i nc t ev e , r t eal io l u m enqu er equ ire

,

Nu nc h ac nu nc i l l a c d o nec dif f u l s e
, , ri t u l t ro ,

Cl araqu e t e mp e s tas coe l o radi ari t a p e rto .

Q u i n eti am au g u s ti s s i no n u rgeb erereb u s

, ,

Cu m f a nd i t i b i m i l l ev ise t i b i m il l e fig u rae
,

O cc u rr e nt t u m il l ev i as tu m il l efi gu ras
, , ,

Nu nc h anc nu nc al i am i ngre
, de re e t m u tar em e
, me nt o ,

J q
a m u e h o s j am qu eal io s h a u d s e g n i s s u m e r e v u l t u s .

Ne m p ei nd eil l e ct as a u r e s i mm e nsa v ol u p tas

De ti net e, t du l ci pe rt ent at p e c tora m o tu .

E rg o o m n e m c u r am i m p e nd u nt u t c e
, r ner enu s qu am
Si t f or m as s i m i l e nat u rze e xe mpl a s e u u ti
s , q ,

D i ss im i l i q u o d s i nt f a c i equ ae cu nq u e s u b as t ri s

Vi tal es carp u nt au ras genu s om ne f eraru m

,

A t q u eh o m i n u m , p i ctae v o l u cres m, u tae u e n

q a t a n t e s .

Nonnevi de s, ve rb is u t v eri s se ep e re l i ct i s
1 22 V I DA S ’
ART OF PO E T R Y .
[ 61 - 7 5

Pl eas ed w i th th eborrow e d c h arms t h ere ad e rs h nd,

A c ro w d o f dif f e re n t i m age s c ombin e d

R is ef ro m a singleobj e c t t o t h em i nd .

So th epl e as e d t rav e le r f ro m a m ountain s brow ’

Vie ws t h ec al m surf ac eo f t h es e as b e low 5

Though w id ebe ne at h t h efl oat i n o c e
g an li es
T h efi rs t i m m e diat eobj e ct o f his e ye s ,

Hes e es th ef ore s ts t rem bl ef ro m w i t hin ,

And gliding m e ado w s p a in t t h ed e e ps w i th gre en ,

Whil eto his e ye s t h ef air d e lusions p ass

I ngay su cc e ssion t hrough th ewa te ry glass .

’
Tis thus t h ebard div e rsiti es his song 5
No w h e re no w t h e
,
re h ec alls th esoul along ;
,

T h eri c h vari e ty h es e t s t o sigh t

Cloys not t h em ind b u t adds to our d e
,
ligh t .

Now w i th a f rugal c hoi c eth eb ard aff ords

T h es tronge s t ligh t and e ne rgy o f w ords 5
Whil ehu m bles u bj e c ts h ec on t riv e s t o rais e
Wi th borro we d spl e ndors and a f ore ign bl az e .

This i f on old tradi tio nw ere

,
ly ,

Was onceth ec u rre n t langu ag eo f th esky ,

Tu m sp ec i e c apti ga u d ent s p ec tat el egentes ;

Na m d i ve rsa s i m u l d atu r et ec ernereead em
M u l ta ru m s i m u l ach ra a n im o s u b eu nti a r er u m .

Ce u cu m f or t eo l i m p l ac i d i l i q u i d i ss i m a p o n ti
E qu o ra v i c i n a as p e ct a t d e r u p ev i at or ,

T ant u m i l l i s u bj e cta ocu l is e s t m o b il is u n da ;

I l l etam en s yl vas i nt erqu ev i renti a p r ata
,

In s p i ci ens m i ra tu r aq u aeq u aep u ri or h u m or

,

Cu n e ta re fert , ca p to s qu e e l u d i t i m ag i nev i s u s .

No n al i te r vat es nu nc h u etrad u c et e m entes ,

Nu nc ill u c a ni m is qu el e
, g en t u m a pp o n et e g au d e
t
Di ve rs as r e r u m s pec i es d u m tz e
, d i a v i t at .

Re s h u mi l e s i l l ei nte re a n on se ci u s e fle
'

rt ,

Sp l e ndoreil l u s trans a l i eno e t l u min

,
eve s ti t ,

Ve rb oru m qu es im u l v i t a t d i s p e ndi a p a rcu s .

7 6 - 92] BO O K I II . 1 23

Whic h first t h eMuse s bro u gh t to t h e s eabod e s ,

W ho taugh t m ankind t h es e c re ts o f t h egods 5

For i nt h ec ourt o f J o v eth e ir c hoi rs ad vanc e ,

And sing al te rna te as t he y le ad t h eda n c e

, ,

Mix e d wi th t h egods 5 t he y he ar Apollo s lyre

’
,

And f ro m high H e av e n t h epan ting b ard inspire .

Nor bards alone b u t o t h e ,r w ri ters re ac h

This bold t his daring priv ile

,
geo f sp e e ch 5
I nc hi ef t h eorat o rs t o rais et h e ir s e
,
ns e ,

I nt his st rong figu redre ss th e ir e loqu e nc e ,

Wh e n w ith p e rs u asi v es t rok e s the y ple ad a c ause ,

And bridl ev ic e and v indi catet h elaws 5

,

01 on th edre ad f ul v e rgeo f d e a th d e fe nd ,

And snat c h f rom f at e a poor d e v o ted f ri e

,
nd .

E ve n t h erough hinds d e ligh t in su c h a s train ,

Wh e n t h egl ad h arve s t w av es w i t h gold e n grain ,

And thirs t y m e adow s drink t h ep e a rly rain 5

O nt h eproud v ineh e r purp l eg e m s app e ar ,

Hu nc f and i m ore m si v e r a au di v i m u s , i ps i
,

Coel i c ol aee
xe rc ent coe l i in p ene t ra l i b u s al tis ,

ri d u m c h or u s i n t e
P ie rras q u em d etu l i t ol i m ,
A tq u eh om i ne s d o cu e re D e u m p rae cl ara r e p e r ta .

Il lae e teni m J ov i s ae th e re a d i cu n t u r i n au l a

I mm ix taeSu p e ri s f es tas agi ta t e c h or eas ,

E t se m pe r canereal t ernm P h oe ,
b i qu e f ru u n tu r
Col l oqu io v a t u m qu e i n
, s p ir a n t pe c tora ah al t o .

Ne c t am e n h au d s ol i s f u gi t h ae c m enota p o etis ,

Veru m eti am au t ores al ii ex p eri u ntu r et a u d ent , ,

P rae ci pu eor a n te s c a u s as f a nd i qu em agis tri

, ,

Se u so n te s te nd a nt l e g u m co m p e sc er e h a b e n is ,

Se u c a ro s cu p i a n t at ri s em or t i s am i cos
F au cib u s e ri e
p r e, e t d e fl e t os r edd e rel u c i .

Q u i n et i am agri c o l as ea f and i nota v ol u ptas

Exe rci t, d u m l ae ta s e g e s d u ,m t ru de re g e mm as
In ci p i u nt v i tes , s i ti e nt i aqu eae th e ris i m b re m
1 24 VI D A ’
S ART O F P O ET R Y .
[ 96- 1 03

T h es m ili n fi e
l ds r ej oi c e an d h ail th epre gn a n t ye
ar
g ,
.

F i rs t f rom n e ce ssi ty th efi gu resprung 5

O

F o r thin g s t h a t w o u ld n o t sui t o u r s c an t y t ong u e ,

Wh e n no tru en am e s we reo f f ere d t o t h evi ew ,

Thoset h e y t ra ns f erre d that bord e re d on t h et rue5

Th e nc eby d e gree s th enoblelic e nseg re w 5

T h eb ards t hos ed a ring lib e r ties embrac e d ,

Through want at fi rs t t hrou gh luxury at las t 5 ,

Th e y now t o ali en things , a t w ill confirm ,

T h eborrow e d hono rs o f a f oreign term .

So m an at fi rs t t h erat t ling st orm t o fl y

, , ,

And th ebl eak horrors o f th ew in t ry sky ,

R ais e d u p a roo f o f osi ers o e r his h e ad

’
,

And clos e d w it h ho m e ly c lay th esl e nd e r sh e d5

No w re gal pal ac es o f w ondrous si z e ,

W i th braz e n be am s on Pa ri an c olu m ns rise

,

Th at h e av eth epo m po u s f abri c t o t h eski e s .

B u t o th e r w ri te rs sp rinkl eh e reand t h e re
Th e s ebold er be au t i e s w i t h a f rugal c are;
So vas t a f re e do m is allow e d t o none ,

P r at a b i b u nt e,ntq u e s atis s u rge

ri d , ntib u s agri , .

H a nc v u l go s pe ci em p rop ri aep e nu ri a v o e is
In t u l it i n
, di ct i s qu e u rg e ns i n r e bu s e g es tas .

Qu ipp e u b i s ev era o s tendeb ant no m i na nu s qu am

, ,

F as e rat h i nc atqu e h i nc trans f erres i m il l im a veris .

P au l a ti m accre ve re a r t e s h o m i nu m qu el i b i d o
,

Q u o d qu eol i m u s u s i nops rep erit nu nc i psa v ol u p tas ,

P o s t u l at h u n
, c a dd e ns v e rb o ru m r e b u s h on or em .

Si c h o m i n e s p ri m u m v e nt i v i s asp e ra adegi t ,

Vi t a n di qu ei m b re s t i u l is h o rre n t i a te c t a
s
p ,

P on e re et i nf orm i s edem arctam cl au det el im o

,

Nu nc al te eae rat i s tra b i b u s P a riis qu ecol u m n

,
is
Re g i fi c o s u rg u n t aed e s a d s i d er a l u xu .

P arci u s is t a t am e n de l ib an t e t min u s au de
,
nt
A rt i fice s al ii nec t a nta l i ce
,
nt i a f a nd i
Gu iqu ed at u r s ol is vu l go c o nc e
,
ss a p oe ti s
1 26 VI DA S ’
AR T OF PO E T R Y .
[ 129 - 1 39

Bacc hus f or w ine, Ne

andpt u n ef or th em ain5
01 f ro m t h ef a t h er s na m epoint o u t th eson 5
’

O r f or h e r pe opleint rodu cea to w n

So w h e n ala r m e d he r nati v e s d read t he ir f at e
s ,

Pal eA f ri c sh ak e s and t re m bl e, s t hrough h e r s ta t es;

And some by A ch e ,
l o ii s st r eam s alon e
’
,

Compriseth efl o od s of all t h ew orld in one .

Lo now t h e y st art aside and c h anget h es train ,

To f an c ie d c on v ers ew i t h anabs e nt sw ain 5

T O gro ts an d c av e rns all t h eir c are s di s c los e ,

Or te ll t h esolitary roc ks t h e ir w oe s5
To sc e ne s inan i m a t epro c l ai m t h e ir lo ve ,

Tal k w i t h a hil l or w hisp e ,

r t o a grov e .

O u you t h e y cal l y eun att e ,

n t i v ew oods ,

And w ait anans w e r f ro m you r bord e ring fl o od s .

So m e ti m e s the y sp e ak o n et hing b u t l e av eb e hind ,

Ano t h e r se c ret me aning in t h em ind 5

A f air e xpressi on a rt f ull y disp e nse ,

Bu t u s ea w ord t ha t c las h e s w it h th es e ns e
Qu i d cu m Nept u nu m d i cu nt m ar e vi na Lyaau m , ,

E t Ce re re m f ru m e nta p atru m qu ee no m i ne na tos

,

Sign i ficant m e , m o rant qu eu r b e s p ro ci v i b u s i p s is ?

A t qu e i d e o ti m or att oni t os cu m i nv as eri t A f ros ,

A f ri ca t e rri b il i trem it h orri da t erra t u m u l t u .

Nec d e e ri t t i b i , p ro fl u v i is ro
p q , u e o m n i b u s u n d is

P ocu l a qu i p re ss is A ch e l oi a m i s ce a t u vi s .

E cc e! au t e m s u b iti s c onve rs i v o ci b u s u l tro

Sae p e a l i q u em l o ng e a b s e n t e
m d es er
,t a qu e e t a nt r a ,

E t s ol os m ont e s afl an t u r sa p es al u tan
'

,
t

Syl v as qu efl u v i os qu e e t ag ro s s e
, ns u qu e c ar e
, nt e s

Sp e l u ncas v e , l u t h a c si n t re sp on s u ra v o c ata ,

E t v os o va c u i co m pe ll a n t n om i nesal tu s .

P rae te re a ve rb is i ni m i co s add eres ens u s

O p p o si ti s d u m d i ss i m u l an
, t ali u d qu e v i d e
, b is
Sae p e l o q u i ,at q u e a l i u d s i m u l at a co n d e re m e nt e .

E gr e i i n t e
re a c on j u x i ta n o c t e s u pr e m a
g a
1 40- 153 ] BOOK III . 1 27

Th u s p i ou s H ele ns to leth ef ai th f u l sw o rd ,

Wh il eTro y was flaming f ro m h e r s leepi ng lord ;

,

So glorio u s D rance s t owe re d a mid th eplain ,

An d pil e d t h egrou nd wi th mou n tai n s o f th es lai n ,

I m m o rtal tro phi e s rais e d f ro m sq u ad ro ns kille d ,

And w i t h vast spo ils e nnoble d al l th efie ld .

Bu t n o w to m e ntio nf art he r I f o rbe ar ,

Wi th w hat st rong c ha rm s t h e y cap ti vateth ee ar .

Wh e nth esa mete rm s t h ey happily re p e a t ,

T h esam ere pe at e d se em moreso f t an d sw e et

Th is we reArcadia judge i f P anw it hs tood

, , ,

Pan s j u dge Ar cadia w ould c ond e

’
,
mn h e r god
, .

Bu t though o u r f ond ind ulge nc egran ts t h eMuse

A thou sand libe rt i es in d if f ere nt vie ws ,

Wh e n ee r you c hooseani m ageto e

’
xpre ss
I nf ore ign t erm s and sc orn t h enat ivedress 5
,

Ye t b edis c re et nor s t rain t h epoin t to o f ar

, ,

Le t t h et ransi t ion st ill un f orc e d app e ar ,

No r ee r dis c ov e
’
r ane xc e ss o f ca re .

For som e w eknow w i t h awk ward v iol e

, ,
nc e
Dis tort th esu bj e c t a nd disj oint t h es ense ,

De
i ph ob o fid u m c api ti s u b d u x erat ch aem .

Ne em i nu s i ns ignis D ranc e s cu m s tragis ac e rv os

T ot de dit e t c l a ris i n
, s ign i it a r va t ro ph ae is .

Qu i d s equ a r u l teri u s q u anta d u l ced i nec aptas

,

De tin e an t au re s v o ce m cu m ru rs u s ca nd e
, m
In g e m i n a n t m o d o ,
n o n v e r b o ru m c o g at e g e s t as ?
P an e ti am A r c a d ia n eg et h o c s i j u d i c e p ra e s e n s ,

P an e , ti am A r ca d i a d i ca m t ej u d i c ev an u m .

Ha c a de o cu m s i nt cu m f as a u derepo etis
,

M u l ta m o di s m u l ti s tam e n ob se , rv arem e me nto ,

Si q u a n d o h a u d p ro p rii s re m m av i s d i c e reverb is ,

T ran sl a ti s qu ea l i u n d eno t is l o n g qu ep e
e , t i tis ,

Neni miam os te ndas qu ae re nd o tal i a c u ram .

Nam qu eal i qu i e xe r c ent v im d u ram et reb u s i niq u i,

1 28 V I DA S ’
A RT o r P O ET R Y .
[ 1 54- 1 0
9

Quitec h angeth ege nuin efigu re and d e f ac e ,

T h en at iv esh apew i t h e ve ry li ving grac e ,

An d f orc eunwilling obj e c ts to p u t on

A nali e n f ac eand f e a ture s no t th e ir own .

A l ow c onc e it in disproport ione d te r ms

Looks likea boy dre ss ed up in gi an t s arm s ’

Blind to th etru t h al l re ason t h e

, ye xce e d
Who n am ea s tall t h ep al ac eo f th es te e d .

O r grass t h et re ss e s o f gr e at R h e a s he ad
’
, .

’
Tis b e s t som e t ime s ani m ageto e xpre ss
I nit s o w nc olors and i ts nat i vedre ss ,

T h eg e nuinew ords w it h h appy c aret o u s e ,

I f ni c ely c ull ed and worthy of t h eMus e .

So m et hings al t e rnate ly c o m p are d a reshown ,

Bo t h nam e s s till t ru e and m u tu ally t h e

,
ir own
Bu t h e reth el e as t r edund anceyou m us t shun 5
Te ll u s inshort f ro m w h en c et h ehint yo u dr e
, ,
w ,

And s e t th ew hol ec o m p arison t o v i e w ,

Le s t m indl e
,
ss o f yo u r fi rst d e sign you s e em ,

T0 l e ad t h emind aw ay an d ro vef ro m t h e
,
m eto t h e
me .

Nativ am e r i pi u n t f orm am i n , d i gn an t i b u s i ps i s ,

In v i t as qu ej u b e nt al i e nos s u m e r ev u l t u s .

Hau d m agis i m pru de ns m ih i e rit

, et l u min is ex p ers ,

Q pu i u e ro i n g e n t es h a b i t u s d e t f err e ggi a n t i s ,

Q u am s i q u i s s tab u l a al ta l ar e s a pp e l let e qu i nos ,

A u t c ri ne s m agn aeg e nit ri cis g ram i na d i cat .

P rae s tit e ri t v e ro f aci em sp ill a et s u a cu i qu e

Li n q u e re , e t i n te rd u m p pro rii s re m p ro d ere v er b i s ,

In d i cn s u es u i s
q , e a s i nt m o d o d i g na C a m o en i s .

Re s e t i am p o t e ris r e b u s co nf e rrev i ciss i m ,

No m i nib u s qu eamb as v eris qu es u is qu ev o c ar e5

Q u o d f ac i ens f u gev erb oru m dis p endi a p au cis qu e
, ,

I ncl u d as nu m e ri s, u n d e i ll a s i m i l l i m a i mago
D u ci tu r e , t b re vi t e r c on fe r nef ort ep ri o ru m
,

O b l i tu s s e rm o n u m al io t rad u ce rem e nt e m ,

In u e al i a e x al ii s v i d e a t ee x or d i a l ab i
q .
1 30 V I DA S ’
A RT OF PO ET R Y .
[ 1 37 - 202

To thos ee ternal m onu m e n ts rep air ,

The r ere ad an d me di tatef ore ve r the re

e
.
,

If o e r t h er s t so m em igh t y g e niu s shine s

’
,

M ark th esw e e t c h ar m s an d v ig or of his line s5

As f ar as t b u s an d th eh e ave nly pow e rs

Sm ileon your l abors m akehis di c t ion yours , ,

Your styl eby his au t h e n ti c s tandard f ram e ,

Yo u r v oi c e your h abi t and addre

,
ss t h esa m e , .

W i t h hi m pro c e ed to c ull t h ere re

s t f or t h e ,

A full re w ard w ill jus t i f y your c a re5

E xami neal l an d b ring f ro m al l away

,

Th e ir various tre asure s as a l awf ul pre y .

No r would I s c ruple wi t h a d u ere ,

gard ,

To re ad so m e ti m e s a rud eunpolish e d ba rd ,

A m ong w hos elabors I m ay fi nd a lin e ,

Whi c h f ro m unsigh t ly rus t I m ay re fin e ,

And w i t h a b e
,
tt er grac e adop t i t int o m ine ,
.

How o f te n m ay wes e ea t roubl e d fl oo d

Sta in e d wi th uns e t tl e
d ooz eand ris ing m u d ,

Cr e
b ra o cu l is ni m oqu el e
a g en s , e t m u l t a v o l u t a .

T u m qu am v i s , l o n ges i qu i s s u p e re min e t om n e s ,

Vi rt u te m e x il l o a o r at io n
, e m d i s ce ref a n di
T ej u b e am cu i c o n
, te ndas tere dde res e m pe r
A ss i m i l em , a t q u eh ab i t u s gr e s s u s qu e e fli n g e r e c u nti s ,
Q u a nt u m f ata s i nu nt, et non av ers u s A pol l o
H a u d t am e n i nte re a re l i qu u m e x l or at el ab or e s
p
A b s ti te ri s v at u m m o ne, o s u s p ectaqu ed i cta
,

Su b l e g e r e, e t v a ri a m ex c u nc t i s a b d u c e r e g a z am .

Ne c d u b i te m ve rs u s h i rs u ti sae p pe o e t a:

Su s p e ns u s l u s tr ar e , e
t ve s t i garel e g e n d o ,

Si cu bi s eq u ae d am f or t ei n ter com m oda v ers u

Di c ta m e o os te ncl a nt q u aem ox m e
, l i o ri b u s i ps e
A u sp i cii s p rop rios p oss i m m i h i v e rterei n u s u s ,
De tersa pro rs u s pris c a r u b igi nes cab r a .

F l u mi n a sae p e v i d e s i m m u n d o t u rb i d a l im o 5
209 - 21 5] BOO K 111 . 1 31

Whi c h i f a we
,
ll th ebo rde ring n ati v e s sink ,

Supplie s t h et hi rs ty m ult itud ewi th drink ;

T h et ri c kling st re a m by jus t d e g re es re fi ne s ,

Ti ll ini ts c ourseth eli m pid curre nt shi ne s ,

And taugh t t hrough se

,
c re t l abyrin t hs to fl ow ,

Works i ts e l f cle a r a mong t h esands b e lo w .

For not hing looks so gl oomy b u t w ill shine ,

From prop e r ca reand t i m e ly dis c iplin e5

I f wi t h d u ev igilan c ean
, d c ondu c t w rough t ,

De e p in th esoul i t labors int h et hought

, .

He nc eon th eanc i e n t s wem us t re s t alo n e ,

And m aket h e ir gold e n se nte nc e s our own5

To c ull th e ir be st e xpre ssions c lai m s our c are s ,

To f orm our no t ions and our st yle s on t h e

’

irs .

Se eh ow w ebe ar away t h e ir pre c ious spoils ,

And w it h t h eglorious dre ss e nri c h our s tyl e s ,

Th e ir brigh t inv e n t ions f o r our u sec onve y ,

B ring al l th espi ri t of t h e ir w ords aw ay ,

And m aket h e ir words t h e mse lv es ou r law f ul pre yl

Uns h am e d in o th e r colo rs to b eshown ,

Wespe ak our though t s in acc e n ts not our own .

Bu t your d e sign wi t h m od e s t c au t ion we igh ,

Hau ri t a qu a m tam e
n i ndef requ ents c o nc u rs u s et al ti s
,

I m portant p u te
is ad p ocu l a
, d e
s u p e
r i l l a

O ccu l tis d i fl u nal i b u s i nfl u i t o m ne m qu e

'

sa ca ,

I lla b ens b i b u l as l ab e m e x u it i n ter ar enas .

Nil adeo i ncu l tu m q u od no n s pl e

, nd e s ce rep oss it

P ra ci p u es i c u r a v i gi l n on d e s it ,e t u s qu e
Me ntep r e m as m u l t u m qu ea n
, i m o tec u m ip sevol u t e s .

A tq u ei d e o ex priscis s em per qu o m orel o qu a m u r

Di sce nd u m q u or u m d e
, pas c i m u r a u r ea d i c ta ,

P rae ci p u u m qu eavi d i r e ru m po pu l am u s h o norem .

A s p i ceu t e x u v i as v ete ru m qu ei n s ig n ia nob is

A pt e mu s : re r u m accipi m u s nu nc c l ara rep erta ,

Nu nc se ri em at qu ean i mam verb oru m, ve rb a qu oqu ei sa

p
1 32 VI DA S ’
AR T OF P O ET R Y .
[ 21 6- 231

S te al w i t h d u ec a re an d me di t ateth epre
, y ,

I n ve rt th eord e r o f th ewords w i th art ,

An d c h ang et h e ir f or m e r si t ein e ve ry part .

Thus w i nyour r e ad e rs thus dec e ivew i th grac e

, ,

And l e t t h ee xpre ssion w ear a di f f e re n t f ac e5

Yours e l f a t las t t h eglorious labor done
, ,

W ill s c arc edis c e rn his di c t ion f ro m your ow n .

So m e t o app e
,
a r o f d i fli d enceb e re ft ,

St e al in bro ad d ay an d glory in t h eth e

, ft ,

W he n w i t h jus t art d e sign and co nfi d e

, nce ,

O nt h esa m ew ords t h e y graf t a dif f e re nt s e ns e ,

Pre se rv eth eunvari e d te r m s and ord e r t oo ,

Bu t c h ang eth e ir f orm e r spirit f or a ne w ,

O r w i t h t h ese
, nseof e m u lat ion bold ,

W i th a n c i e nt bards a glorious c on t e s t hold 5

Th e ir ri c h e st spoils t riu m ph an t th ey e xplore ,

W hi c h range ,
d w i t h bet ter grac e t h ey varnish o e r ,
’
,

And gi v et h em c h arm s th e y ne ve r kn e w be f ore .

So t re e s th at c h angeth e ir soils m oreproudly rise ,

And li f t t h e ir spre ading honors t o t h eski e s5

Ne
c p u de
t inte
rd u m e
al t ri u s nos orel o qu u tos .

Cu m v e ro cu l tis m ol i ris f u r ta poetis ,

Can ti n s in gr e d e r e ,et r a p t u s m e m o r o c cu l e v e r s is

Ve rb o ru m i n d i ci i s atq u e or d i nef all el e

, g e n t es

M u ta t o : no v a s i t ( a c i e s nov a p rors u s i m ago

, .

M u ne re ( n e c l on g u m t e m p )
u s v i x i p s e p e rac t o

D i c t a re cogn o s ce s ve te ri s m u t a t a
p o e t ae
.

Sae e
p p a l a m q u i dam rap iu nt cu pi u ntqu evi d eri
,

O mn i b u s i ntr ep i d i ao f u rto l e
, e tan t u r i n i ps o
De p r e ns i : s eu c u m d i c t i s n i h
, i l or d i n e v e rs o ,

Lo n geal ios ii s d e m se ns u s m ir a ar ted e de re ,

Exu e ru n tqu ea n i m os v e rb o r u m i m p u n ep riore s

Se u cu m ce rt a n d i p ri s cis s u cce ns a l i b i d o 5
E t p os s e s s a ( 1111 , se d e ni m m al ec o nd i ta vi c ti s ,

E x t o rqu e rem a n u j u vat in me

, l i u s qu e re fe rr e :

Ce u f ata m u tat o qu es ol o f e l i ci u s ol im
l 34 VI DA S ’
A RT OF P O ET R Y .

Nor f ollow w h e reth ean c ie nts poin t t h ew ay .

W hilef ro m t h eth e f t th eir cau tious hands re f rai n ,

Va in aret h e ir f ears t h e ir su pe rs ti t ion vain

, ,

No r Ph oe bus s m il e ’
s th eunh appy p oe t c ro wn 5

T h ef at eo f all his w orks pre vents his o wn .

Hi m sel f his m old e ring m onu m e nt surv i ve s ,

And s e e s his l abors p e rish w hil eh eli ve s5

His f am eis m orec on t rac ted th an his sp an ,

And th ef rail au thor di e s be f or et h em a n .

Ho w w ould h ew ish th el abor t o f orb e ar ,

And f ollow o t he r arts wi t h m oresu cc e ss f ul care?

I likea f air allusion ni c e ly wrou gh t ,

Wh e n th esam ew ords e xpre ss a difie re nt tho u gh t 5

'

And su c h a th ef t t ru ec ri t i c s d arenot bl a m e ,

Whic h l at epos te ri ty sh all c ro wn wi t h f am e5

Void o f al l f e ar o f e very doub t be
,
re ft ,

I would n o t blush b u t t riu m ph in t h et h e

,
ft .

Nor on th ea nc i e n ts f o r th ew holer e ly ,

T h ew holeis m oret h an al l t h e ir w orks supply 5

Te ra t h e
m pe u ! ni m i u qu eal i eni s p ar c er ecrevi t
m, at

( V a na s u p ers t i t i o ! ) P h o eb i s i n e n u m i nec u r a .

Ha u d l o ngu m tal e s ide o lseta ntu r et i ps i ,

Sae p e s u i s s u p e ra n t m o n u m e nt i s i l l,a u d at i qu e
E x tr e
m u m an te d i e m f oe tu s fle ver ec a d u c o s ,

Vi v e
nte
s qu es u a: v i d e ru n t fu n era f a mae .

Q u a m cu p erent vano p o ti ns c ar niss el ab ore ,

E q u es u i s al i as d id i ci s s ep are nt ib u s ar te s !

Sae p e m i h i p l a c et a n t i q u i s a ll u d er e d i ct is ,

A t q u e al i u d l o n g e v er b i s p r o f e rr e s u b i i s d em
Ne c me a t am s a p i e ns p e r se s e p ro d i ta qu i s qu a m

Fu rta redargu eri t q u aem ox m ani f es ta prob ab u nt

,

E t nat i nat o ru m e , t qu i n as ce nt u r ah i l l is
T an t u m ab s i t p oe
, naem e tu e ns i nf am i s u t i ps e
Fu rta v el i m teger e atq u em eas c el arerapi nas
, .

Non t a m e n om ni a t ep ri s cis f as fid e re qu i n
, on

O mni a s u fii ci e nt : qu ae re nti p au c a l ab or e
 ]
266 - 230 BOO K III . 1 35

So m ethings your owninv e n tion m us t e xplore ,

So m evirgin i m ag e s un tou c h ed b e f ore .

Ne w term s no law s f orbid u s t o indu c e ,

To c oin a w ord and sa nc t i f y to u se5

,

Bu t y e t admi t no w ords in t o t h esong ,

Unless th e y prov et h es to c k f ro m w h e n c eth e y sprung ,

Point ou t th e ir f am ily th e ir kindre d trac e

, ,

And s e t to vi ew t h es e ri e
s of t h e ir rac e .

Bu t w h e reyou fi nd your n ati vetongu et oo poor ,

Transpor t th eri ch e s o f th eGrec ia n s tore5

I n f or m th elu m p an d w ork i t into grac e
, ,

And w i th ne w li f einspir et h eun w i e ldy m ass 5

Till ch ange
, d by dis c ipline t h ew ord pu ts on ,

A f ore ign nature and f orge ts i ts own

, .

80 La t iu m s l angu agef ound a ri c h in c re as e

’
,

And gre w an d fl o u ri s h ed f ro m t h ew e al t h o f Gr eec e5

Till u s ein t i m eh ad ri fl e d Argos s t ore s ’

And brough t all A th e ns to th eH e sp eri an shores .

How m any w ords f ro m ri c h M yce nm c o m e ,

O i Gre ek extrac t ion in th edre ss o f R o m e

, ,

Tha t liv ew i th ours our righ ts and f ree

,
do m c lai m ,

A t te
ntanda t u o, no nd u m u lli p e
au
rs u n
d i t a,
t su .

No s e t i am q u ae d am i d ci rco n ova co nd eren u l l a

Re ll i gi o v e tat i n d i ctasq u ee flu n de rev o c e
'

, s .

Nev e ro haec peni t u s f u erint igno ta s u u m qu e ,

A gn o s ca n t ge nu s e, t cogn at a m o s t e nd e regentem
P o ss i n t ao s tir p i s n
, i ta nt u r ori g i n ece rtae .

Us q u ead e o p at riaeti b i s i p enu ri a v o eis

O b s ta b i t f as G raj u ge
, nu m f e l i ci b u s or is
De ve he re i n f or m em m ass am q u am i nc u d e Lat in
, a

In f o rma n s p at ri u m j u b e as d e d i s ce re m or e m .

Si c q u o n d am A u s o nia su ccre v it c o i a l i n u a
p g e
Si c a u ctum La t i u m , qu o p l u ri m a tran s t u l i t A rgi s

Us u s, e
t ex h a u s t i s I tal i
p o ti u nt u r A th e n i s .

No nnev i d e s me d ii s u t m u l t a e
rep t a M y ceni s ,

G r a i a ge
nu s f u l ge
, nt nos tris i mm ix ta, ne c u ll u m
1 36 V I DA S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .
[ 231 -2
95

Th e ir naturedi f f e re nt b u t the ir looks t h es am e

,

Through Lat ium s re al m s in Lat iu m s garb t h e

’
y go ’
,

A t on c eh e r s t r an ge rs and h e r n at i v es to o 5
Lo ng h as h e r pov e rt y b e e n fle d an d long ,

Wi th nat iv eri c h e s h as s h egrac e d he r t on gu e .

No r se a rc h th epoe t s only b u t e xplore ,

I m m ort al Tull y s in e xh aus ted s tore5

’

And o t h e r au t hors born i nh appie ,

r days ,

Sh all answ e r al l your w ant s and be au ti f y your l ays

, .

O f t in old b ards a v e
,
rs eabov eth ere
, st
Shine s in barbari c spoils and t rophie
,
s dre ssed
Thus Gaul h e r Vi c t or s t riu m ph t o c o m pl e te
’
, ,

Supplie s t hos ewords that p ain t h e r o w nd e fe

at 5

And vanquish e d M ac e don t o te ll h e r doo m , ,

Give s up h e r l angu agew i t h h e r a rms t o R o m e .

Th en canw ef e ar w i th groundl e ss d i fli d e nce

A want o f w ords t h at sh all e xpre ss our s e ns eP
Bu t i f c o m p e
,
ll ed by wan t you m ay produ ce ,

And bring anant iqu at e d w ord in u se ,

A w ord e rst w e ll re ce iv ed in d ays o f yore ,

A ppare
t d is cri m e
n? e u at i n s i gn i b u s ae qu i s
Un d i qu ep e r La ti o s e t c i v is e t adv e na tr ac tu s .

J a m d u d u m n o s t ri ce s s i t s e r m o n i s e g e s t a s

R aro u b e r patr iaetib i raro o pu l enti a d eerit .

I ps es u is Ci c ero th esau ri s o m ni a p ro m et ,
A u t o re s qu eal ii n at i f e l i ci b u s ann is
O m ni a s u f fici e nt ne , c s ol i s c r e d ep o e ti s .

Se e p e e
t i a m v i d i v e t e ru m i nt e r c a r m i n a v a t u m
Bar b a ri c o v e rs u s cu l tu gaz aqu es u perb o s ;
,

Be l gi caqu ei m mi s i t t ra n s A l pe s e ss ed a G al l u s
I n Lat i u m e t l on
, g e M ac ed u m v en e res arissae
E t me t u am n ed e fici at m el arga s u p e ll e x

Ve rb o ru m an
, g u s t i q u e p re m a t s e r m o n i s e g e
s t as ?
Q u i n et vi cta s i tu s i m ep enu ri a adax i t
, ,

V erb a l i c et r enovar e l i c et t u a sa nc ta v et u s tas

, , ,

Vatib u s i n d u gre d i s ac r ari a : sae p i u s o ll i

1 38 V I DA S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .
[ 31 3- 323

M ay m at c h w i t h m oresu cc e
ss su c h w ords as t h e se ,

He ap hills on hills an d bid t h est ru c tureris e

, ,

Till t h evas t pil eo f m ountains prop t h eski e s .

W hat w ords so e ve r o f vas t bulk w evi e w ,

On eo f less siz em ay so m et i m es spli t i ntw o 5

So m e ti m es w es e paratef rom t h ewhol ea p art ,

And prun et h em orelu xurian t li m bs w i th art .

Th u s w h e n th en am e s of h ero e s w ed e c la r e ,

Nam e s whoseu npolish e d so u nds o f f end t h ee ar ,

Wead d or lop so m ebran c h e

, s w hic h abound ,

Till th eh arsh acc e nt s arew i t h s m oo t hne ss c ro w n e

d
Th at m e llo w s every w ord and so f te ns e ve ry sound,

By su c h a h appy c h a nge Si ch arb as c a m e ,

To sink his roughn e ss in Si ch ae u s n am e

’
.

He n c ew ou ld I rath er c hooset hos ed ir eala rm s

O f vas t E n c el adu s and H e ,
av e n in arm s ,

And t h ebold Ti tan s bat tl e s t o re

’
he ars e

H arm onious nam e s th a t glid eint o t h ev e

,
rse
Th an c o u n t th ero u gh th ebarb arou s n at ions o e
,
r
’
,

W hi c h R o m esubdu e d o f old f ro m shoreto shore .

T al i a co nnu b i a e
, t t al e s ce le b re nt Hym e nae os

Te r ge min as i m m a n es tru ant ad s i de ra m ol es ,

Pe l io n add e nte s O s ase e ,t Pe l io O l ym pu m .

A t ve rb is eti am part es i ngentia i n am b as

Verb a i nterpos itis p ro s ci ndere, s equ ep ar are ,

De te re rei n terd u m l i c e t at q u eab s trax es e

, c and o
E x i gu am p ar t e m e , t s t ri n x i ss e fl u e nti a m e m b ra .

I d ci rco s i qu a nd o d u cu m r e fe r enda vi ru m qu e
No m i na d u r a ni m is di c tu at q u easp e , rri m a cu l tu ,

I ll a al i qu i nu nc add ent es nu nc i nd ep u tantes

, ,

P a u c a m i nu t at i m l e, v ant ao m ol l ia reddu nt
, ,

Si ch ae u m qu ev o ca n t m u tat a p ar te Si ch arb am .

Hi nc m i h i T i tanu m p u gnas e t s ae
v a g i ga n
, tu m

Be l l a m agi s l ib ea t ca n e re E n cel ad i qu et u m u l tu s
, ,

Q u am p op u l os I tal a q u ond am v irt u t es u b a ctos ,

A t qu et ri u m p h atas d iv e rs o a l i tt oregentes .
329- 343] BOO K I I I . 1 39

Le
t t hings subm i t t o words on no pre te ns e ,

Bu t mak eyour w ords subse rv i e

n t to your s e ns e ,

No r f o r t he ir sakeadm i t a singl eline

Bu t w h at c ont ribu te s to t h em ain d e sign 5
Through e ve ry pa r t m os t dilig e n tly pi erc e ,

And we igh th esound and s e ns eo f e ve ry v e rse

n
.

U le ss your s t ri c t e st c au tion you display ,

So m ew ords m ay le ad t h eh e e dle ss bard away ,

Ste al f ro m th e ir du t y and de se
,
rt t h eir pos t ,

And skulk in darkn e ss indole ntly los t 5

,

O r w hil et h e
, ir prop e r p ar t s t h eir f ellow s ply ,

Cont ribu tenough t b u t sound and h arm ony .

This to pre ve n t c ons u l t your words and know

, ,

How f ar th e ir str engt h e x te nt and naturego 5

, ,

To al l th e
,
ir c harge s and t h e ir labors fi t ,

To al l th e
,
ir s e veral pro v in c e s o f wi t .

Wi thou t this care t h epo e ,

m w ill abound
Wi th e m p ty nois ean d i m po t e nc eo f sound ,

Unm e aning t e rms w ill c ro wd in e ve ry p art ,

Play round th ee ar b u t n e ve
,
r re ac h t h eh e art .

Ye t w ould I so m e ti me s ve nt uret o disp e rse

d ne
Se qu ,e ve rb o ru m c au s a vi s u l l a ca n
, ente m ,

Co n s i l i u m p rae te
, r c ogat re s a dd e rei n an es ,

Nomi na se d re b u s se m pe r s ervi rej u b eto ,

Omn i a p erpend ens v ers u s reso nanti a m emb ra .

V erb a etenim q u aedam ignaru m te f al l ereposs u nt ,

Ni v i gi l e s, m an d at u m e t mu n u s o b ir e re cu s ent ,

F u re nt u rqu e op e ri c l am s es e et i ner ti a c ess ent

, ,

Cae te ra d u m l ab or ex ercet c o nc or di a j u ss u s ,

Q q
u ae u e s u u s : t a nt u m i ll a d a b u n t n u m e ru m qu e s o nu m qu e .

A t q u ei d e o q u i d f err eq u eant qu i d qu ae , q u e re c u s e nt
E x p l orat ep ri u s l ab or e sto e,t mu n e ra j u sta
M an dat o ac prop ri u m cu n
, ct i s par ti r el ab or e m .

O b s c u ros al i te r c repi tu s et m u rm u ra vana

,

M is ce b is l u d e
, sq u es o n i s f al l acib u s a u res .

Ne etam e n i nte rd u m v a c u as an
, i m o qu e c ar e nte s
1 40 VI DA S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .
[
344- 359

So m ew ords w hos espl e ,

ndor should a dorn m y v e rs e
Words t hat t o w i t and t hough t h aveno pre tense ,

And rat h er v ehic l e s o f sound t h an s ense

Till in th egorge o u s dre ss t h eline s app e ar ,

And c ourt w i t h ge n tl eh arm ony th ee ar .

Nor w i t h t o o f ond a c ares u c h w ords pursu e ,

Th e y me et yo u r sigh t an d ris ein e ,

ve ry v i ew .

O f t f ro m i t s c h ains t h esh ac kl e d ve rs eunloos e ,

And giv ei t libe r ty t o w alk in pros e5

Then h et h ew ork re newe d w i t h endless p ain ,

And join w i t h ca ret h esh at te red p art s again 5

T h elurking f aul t s an d errors you m ay s e e ,

Wh e n t h ew ords run un m an ac l e d and f ree .

A tt e n d yo u ng ba rd and list e
,
n w hileI sing
,

Lo I u nloc k t h eM u s es sac re d spring ; ’

Lo Ph oe bus c alls th eet o his in m os t shrin e5

H ark in o nec o m m on v oi c et h etun e f ul Nin e
I nvi t ean d c our t t h e et o t h eri tes d ivine .

Whe n fi rst t o m ant h epri vil e gew as gi v en

To hold by ve rs eanin terc ou rs ew ith H e av en ,

A dd u b i te
m i ps ev ol ens i ncas s u m f u nd erev o c e s ,

Ve rb aqu eq u a en u l lo f u n g a nt u r m u n e r e s e ns u s

D i ve s u t e gr e gi o t a nt u m e t c on sp e c t u s am i ctu
Vers u s eat d u l ci qu es ono d em u l ceat au r es
, .

A tq u e a de o q u aesi nt nev ero q u aer e: p ro f ecto

I ll a ti b i s esp o nt edab u nt p e r s eob v i a p as s i m .

Se e p e a u t em ru
p t i s vin c l i s exe m p t a v o l u t e s

Me mb ra e , t c o m p ac t u m qu ae s i t o r d isp cev e rs u m ,

P os t i t e ru m refice et p art es i n p ris ti na redde

,

P ar ti b u s avu l s as : n u n qu am tel i b era v i ncl i s

In ca u t u m f all e nt r e s ol u t o c ar m i n
, e ve
, rba
.

Hu c ad e s h i c pe
, nit u s ti b i tot u m H e l i co n a re cl u d am

T eM u sae p u e , r h i c f ac il es p enetral ib u s im i s
,

A d m i t tu n t sacri s qu ea dyt i s i n
,
v i ta t A p oll o .

P ri nc i p io q u o ni am m agni c o mm e r c i a c oe li
Nu m i na co ncess ereb om i ni cu i carm i na c u rse , ,
1 42 V I DA S ’
A RT OF P O ET R Y .
[ — 37 4 338

This s wi f tly flie s an d smoo t hly ski m s aw ay 5

,

Th at vas t o f siz e his lim bs huge bro ad and s t rong

, , , , ,

Mov e s pond e rous and s c arc edrags his bulk along

, .

This bloo m s w it h you t h and be au t y in his f ac e ,

And Ve nus bre at h es on e ve ry li m b a grac e 5

Th at o f rud ef orm his un c ou t h nu m bers sho w s
, , ,

Lo oks ho rribl e and f ro w ns w i t h his rough brows 5

,

His mons trous tai l in m any a f old and wind ,

Volu m ino u s an d vas t c u rls up b e hind 5 ,

A t on c et h ei m agean d t h elin e s a pp e ar

R ud et o t h ee y e a nd f righ t f,ul t o t h e ear .

Nor arethosefigu re s gi v en wi t hou t a c ause ,

Bu t fi x e d an d se tt l ed by d e te rm ine d law s 5
All c lai m and w e ar as t h e ir d e se rts areknown
, ,

A v oi c e a f ac e and h abi t o f t h e
, ,
ir own .

Lo w h e n t h es ailors s te er t h eponde rous ships ,

An d plough w i th braz e n be aks t h ef o a m y d e eps ,

I n c u m ben t on t h em ain t h at roars around ,

Be ir labo ring oars t h ew aves r e

n eat h t h e sound ,

T h epro w s w id ee choing through th ed ark pro f ound

-

M oll evi am ta c i t o l aps u p e

r le
vi a radi t
I ll eau tem m em b ri s, ao m ol eig navi u s i ngens
Ince
d i t tar d o m ol i m i nes u b s id e
nd o .

E cc eal i qu is su b it e gr e gi o p u l ch e rri m u s o re ,

Cu i l ae tu m m e m b ri s V e nu s o m ni b u s af fl at h onor e m .

Cont r a al i u s r u d is i n , f or m e s os t e nd i t e t art u s ,

Hi rs u t u m qu es u p e r c i l i u m ao cau dam si nu osa m

, ,

In g r a t u s v i s,u so ni t u i l l aet a b il i s i p s o .

Ne c ve ro h aes i nel eged atae s inem entef i gu rae , ,

Se d f ac i e s s u a p ro m e ri t i s h ab i t u s qu es o n
, u s qu e

Cu ncti s cu i qu e s u u s v o cu m d i s c ri m i n
, , ec ert o .

E r go u b i j am nau taes p u m as s al is ae reru entes

In cu b u e rem a ri ,
vi d e as s p u m ar ere d u ct i s
Co n v u l su m re m i s ros t ri s qu e s tri d e
,
nti b u s ae qu or .

Tu n c l o nges al esa x a s onant t u nc et f r eta v enti s ,

389 -403] BOO K 111 . 1 43

To t h eloud c all e ac h dis ta n t ro c k r e pli es ,

Toss e d by th es tor m th ef rothy surg e s ris e ,

Whileth eho ars eo c e an b e at s t h esounding shore ,

D ash e d f ro m t h es trand t h efly ing w aters roar ,

Flash at t h esho c k an d gat h e ring in anh e

,
ap , ,

T h eliquid m oun tains ris e an d ov e rh ang t h ed e e

p, .

Se ethrou gh h er shores Trinac ri a s re al m s r e

bound ’
,

Start ing and tre m bling at th ebe llo w ing sound 5

High t ow e-
ring o e r t h ew av e
’
s t h em oun ta ins rid e ,

And c lash w i t h fl oat ing m ountains on th et id e .

Bu t w h e n blu eNe p tu n e f ro m his c ar sur v e

ys
And cal m s at onere gard th eraging s e as ,

S tr e
tc h ed lik ea p e ac e f ul lak et h ed e ep su bside s ,

And o e r t h el e
’
ve l ligh t t h egalle y glide s .

T h epo e t s art an d c ondu c t w ead m ire

’
,

Wh e n angry Vul can rolls a fl o od o f fi re ,

Wh e n on th egrov e s and fi e l d s t h ed e lugep re ys ,

And wraps th ec rac kling s tubbl ein t h eblaz e .

No r l e ss our pl e asure w h e n t h efl a m edivid e

,
s
And cli m bs aspi ring ro u nd th ec aldron s sid e s5 ’

Inci p i u nt agi tata t u m e s ce re : l i tt or efl u ct u s

I l l id u n t r a u c o at q u er e
, f r a c t a re m u rm u rat u n da
A d s co p u l o s c u m u l o i n
, se q u i t u r p ra er u p t u s a q u aem o ns .

Ne c m or a T ri n , acri am c e r nas p ro cu l i ntrem ereom nem

Fu ndi tu s et m ont es co ncu rrerem o nti b u s al tos
, .

Cu m v e ro ex al to sp ecu l at u s cae ru l a Ne r eu s
Le ni i t i n m or e m s t agni p l aci d ae, q u e p a l u di s ,

Lab i t u r n u ota va d is ab i e s na tat u ncta c ari na

, .

Hi nc e t i a m s ol e rs m i rab eresae p e l e g e n d o ,

Si cu b i Vu l c anu s s y l v i s i n cend i a m i si t ,

A u t agro s ti p u l a s fl am m a c r e
, p i t a n t e c r e m at i .

Ne c mi n u s e x u l tan t l ati c e s cu m tae , d a s o nore

Vi rge a s u gge ri t u r c o s t is u n d an t i s ah e ni .

Ca rmi n eneel ev i dicenda e s t s c ab r a cre i

p do .

T u m, s i l acta c a n na t h il ari q u oq u ec a rm i na v u l t u
,
144 VI DA S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .

Fro m th edark bo ttom work t h ew ate rs u p ,

Sw e ll boil and hiss and bubbl et o t h etop

, , ,
.

Thus insmoot h line s smoo th su bj e c t s w ere he ars e

‘

Bu t t h erough ro c k roars in as rough a v e rse .

If gay th esubj e c t gay m us t b eth esong

, ,

And t h ebrisk nu m bers qui c kly glid ealong

Whe n th efi e l d s fl ou ri s h or t h eski e s un f old ,

Swi f t f rom t h efl yi ng hingeth e ir gate s o f gold .

I f sad t h et h e me the ne ac h grav elin em o ve

, s slo w ,

T h em ou rn f ul nu m be rs languishingly fl ow ,

And drag and labor wi t h a w e

, igh t o f w o e
, ,

I f ee r t h eboding bird o f nigh t w h o m ourns

’
,

O e r ruins d e solat ions grav e s and u rns

’

, , , ,

Wit h pie rc ing sc re a m s t h ed a rkn e ss should invad e ,

And bre ak th esil e nc eo f th edism al sh ad e .

Wh e n t hings ares mall t h et e rm s should s t ill b eso ,

For l o w words pl e as eu s w h e n th eth e m eis l ow .

Bu t w h e n so m egian t horribl eand gri m , ,

E nor m ous in his gai t an d v as t in e ve ry li m b

, ,

Stalks t owering o n t h es we lling w ords m u st ris e

,

I njus t propor t ion t o t h em ons t e r s si z e5 ’

I f so m elarg ew e igh t his hugea rm s st riveto shov e

,

Ince
du nt l mt u m qu es onant h au d s e m v er ba
,
g a

Se u cu m v e ro nov o ri dent p rata h u m ida ; s eu cu m

P an d it u r i nte re a dom u s o m n i p ot entis O l ym pi .

Co n tr a a u t e m se s e t ri s t e
s in am ab i l ecar m e n
I nd u i t i n v u l t u s s i f or tei nv i s a vol u cris
,

No c t es ed ens s e ru m canit i m p ort u na p er u mb ras ,

Ut q u o nd am i n b u s ti s a u t cu l m i nib u s d e
, se rt i s .

Verb a eti am res ex igu as angu sta s eq u u nt u r .

In ge nte s u ej u v a n t n
i g ent i c u neta giga n te m
q a :

Vas ta d ec ent v u l t u s i mm anes p ec tora l ata

, , ,

E t m ag ni m e m b ro ru m ar t u s m agn a o ss a l ace
, rti qu e , .

A t q u ead e o s iqu i d geritu r m ol i m inem agno

, ,

A dd e m or am e t p ari t e
, r tec u m q u oq u ev erb a l ab orent
146 v s ART OF PO E T R Y
’
.
[ 433-
446

His unavailing j ave lin at th ef oe

( His blood c ong ea l e
d a n d e v ery n er v e
,
uns t rung ) ,

Th e n wi t h t h et he m ec ompli e s his art f u l song ;

Likehim t h esoli tary nu mb e f s fl ow
We ak t r e
,
m bling m e lanc holy s tif f and slo w
, , , .

No t so young Pyrrhus w h o w i th rapid f orce ,

Be at s do wn e m bat t l e d armi e s in his c ourse5

T h eraging you th on t re mbling I lion f alls ,

Burst s h e r s t rong gat e s and s h ak e s he r lo f t y w alls ,

Provoke s his flying c ourse r to his spe e d

I nfull c are e r to c harget h ew arlikest e ed 5
H epil e s t h efi e l d w i t h moun ta ins o f t h eslain ,

Hepours h es t or m s h et hunde
,
rs t hrough t h eplai n
, .

I nt his t h epo e t s jus t e s t condu ct l ie

’
s ,

Wh e n w i th th evarious subj e c t s h ec o m pli e s ,

To sink w i t h judg m e n t and wi t h judg m e n t rise

, ,

W es e eh i m now re m issiv eo f his f orc e

, ,

Glid ewi t h a l ow and inof f e nsiv ec ourse5

St rippe d o f t h egaudy dre ss o f w ords h ego e s ,

And s carc e ly li f t s th epo e m up f rom pros e

And now h eb rings wi t h loose ne d rein s along

Inval id u sj aci t ,e t d e f e c ti s v i ri b u s m e
g ?r

Nam qu o q u etu m v e rs u s s egni pariter p ed el angu et

Sa n g u i s b e b et f r i,g en t e fl o e
ta e i n c orp orev ires .

Fortem au tem j u venem deceat pro ru mperei n ar c e s ,

E ve rt iss ed o m os p rae , f ra ctaqu equ ad ru p e d an tu m

Pe c tor a pecto rib u s p erru mp ere s terneretu rres ,

I ngentes toto qu ef eru m d aref u nera c ampo

, .

Nu ll a ade o vat u m major p ru denti a qu am s e ,

A u t p re me re au t rer u m pro m aj estatecanendo

,

T oll e r e: nu nc il l os a ni m u m s u mm i tte rec e

‘

r nas
Ve rb o ru m p ar c os h u m il i qu eo b re
, p er e gr e ss u ,

Te x ta u ev i x gr ac i l i d e d u ce rec a rm i n a fil o
q ,

Nu nc ill os v er b i s o pu l e
, nt os d i v i t eve ,na
Ce rn e ree ri t 1111 6 1 6 no l ax is d ecu rre
, reh ab e nis
447 - 460] BOO K III . 1 47

All i na full ca re e r th eboundl e ss song 5

I nw id earray lux u ri an t ly h epours
A c row d o f w ords and op e ,
ns al l his s tore s5
T h el av ish e loqu e n c ere dund an t f low s ,

Thic k as th ef le e ce s o f th ewint e r snow s ,

Wh e n J o veinve s ts t h en ake d Alps and sh e ds ,

T h esil e nt t emp e st on t h e ir hoary h e ads .

So m e ti m es t h egodli kef ury h er e s t rains ,

Ch e c ks his i m p e tuous sp e e d and draw s t h ere ,

ins 5
B al anc e d and poise d h ene ithe,
r sinks no r soars ,

Ploughs t h em id sp ac e and s t e ers be ,

t we en th eshore s ,

And shave s t h eco nfi ne s 5 t ill all d ang e rs p ass e

,
d ,

Hesh o o ts w i t h joy i n t o t h epor t at l as t

. .

For w hat rem ains unsu ng : I no w d e c la r e

Wh at c lai m s t h epo e t s l as t a nd s t ri c t e
’
s t c a re .

Wh e n all adve
,
n t u res pass e d his labors t e nd
,

I no n ec ontinu e d ord e r to th e ir e nd ,

Wh e n t h eproud v i ct or on his c onqu e s t s m ile s ,

And saf ee njoys th et riu m ph o f his toils ,

Le t h i m by t i m e ly di fii d e nceb eaw e d ,

Nor t rus t to o soon th eunpolish e d pi e c eabro ad .

Flu x os qu ei ngent e s qu e : re du n d at c o p i a lacta

Ub e ref el i c i v erb o ru m qu ei ngru i t agm en
, ,

Hib e rn aru m i n s ta r n i v i u m cu m Ju p p i t e
,
r A l pes

Frigi d u s a reas atqu eal ta cac u m i na v estit

, .

In te rd u m v e ro co h i b ent u nd antia l o r a ,

No n h u m i l e s no n s u b l i m e
, s me d i a i nt e
, r u tru m qu e
Li tt u s a ra nt v e l u ti Sp a ti a e t co n
, f inia ra d u n t

Si c d e m u m p or tu l ae t i co n du n tu r i n a l t o .

Q u od s u peres t qu ae post rem o p eragend a p o eta

, ,

E x pe di a m . P o s tq u a m c a s u s e v as e ri t o m n es ,

Sig naqu e p e r e t u u m de d u x i t a d u l t i m a c a rm e n
p
E x u l ta n s an i m o v i c t or laetu squ el ab or am ;
,

No n to ta m s u b i t o p rae ce p s s ec u r a p e r u rb em
Carmi na v u l gab i t : ah ! n es i t gl oria tant i ,
1 48 V I DA S’
A RT OF P O ET R Y .
[ 46 1 - 47 4

0 m ay his rash mbi tion neer in

a fl a me
’

His bre as t w i t h su c h a d ang e rous thirs t o f f am e

Bu t l et t h ete rror o f disgrac ec on trol
T h ew ar m t h ep art i al f ondn e
, ss o f th esoul ,

And f orcet h eh ard t o t hro w his passion b y ,

Nor v i e w his o f f spring w it h a p are nt s e e ’

y ,
Till his afle ct i on s areby jus t i c ec ross e
'

d ,

An d all t h ef ath e r in th ejudgeis los t .

I I es e
-
e ks his f ri ends nor t rus t s hi m s e
,
l f al one ,

Bu t asks t h e ir judg m e n t and re signs his own5

Be gs t h em w i t h urge
, n t pray e rs to b esinc e re
, ,

J us t and e x acg an d rigidly s e ve re ,

Du ev e rdi c t t o pronoun c eon e ve ry though t ,

No r sp areth eslight e st sh ado w o f a f aul t ;

Bu t b e
,
n t agains t himse l f and s t ri c tly ni c e
, ,

Het h anks e ac h c ri t i c t h at d e te c ts a vi ce5

Though c h arg e d w it h w h at his judg m e n t cand efe
nd ,

Hejoins t h ep art ial s e n te nc eo f his f ri e nd .

T h epi e cet hrown b y t h ecare f ul bard re

,
vi e
ws
T h elong f orgot t e
-
n la bors o f his Muse5
Lo 1 on al l sid e s f ar dif f e ren t obj e c ts ris e ,

E t d u l c is f amaeq u o ndam m al e
c u pi d o
s u ad a

A t p at i ens op eru m , se r m etu ensqu ep eri e

m pe li
E x pect e t , donec s ed ata m entecal o rem
P a u l at i m e
xu e
ri t
, f oet u s
q u e ab o l eri t a m o rem
I pses u i , cu ramqu eal io trad u x erit o m nem .

In te
rea fid o s ad i t h a u d s e cu ru s am i co s ,

e ve l i n i ni m i cu m an i m m f ro n i s qu es e v e
r
t u t u , t ac

Du r a s u p e r c i l i a i nd u ere, et non par c er ec u l pae ,

Ho s i te r u m atqu ei ter u m rogat ; ad monitu s qu el atentis

G r ate s l ae t u s agi t v i t i i e , t pe cc ata f atet u r
Sp on t es u a qu amv i s e
, ti am d am n etu r i n iqu o
J u d i c io et f al su m qu eat oreref ell erec rim en
,
.

T u m de mu m re dit e
, t p ost l o n g a o h l i v ia
p er se

I nc i p it h i c il l i o v eterem ex pl o rarel ab orem .

150 VI DA S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .

If so meu nfi nish e d nu m b e rs li m p b e hind ,

Whe n th ew arm poe t rag e s u nconfi ne d ,

Th e n whe n his swi f t invent io ns c orns to s tay ,

By a full t ideo f ge nius w hirl e d away

Hebrings th esov e re ign c uret h e ir f ailings c lai m ,

Co n firm s t h esi c kly an d suppor ts t h el am e

, .

O f t as t h es e a sons roll re ne w t h y p ain

, ,

And bring th epo e m t o t h et e s t again :

I ndi f f eren t ligh t s t h eexpre ssion m us t b erange d ,

T h egarb an d c olors o f t h ew ords b ec h ang e d ,

W it h e ndle ss c aret h y watc h f ul e ye s m us t pierc e ,

And m ark t h ep arts dis tin c t o f e ve ry v e rse .

I nthis p e rsis t 5 f o r o f t oned ay d e ni es

T h ekind assis tan c ew hi c h th en e xt suppli e s5
As o f t wi t hou t yo u r v igilanceand care
, ,

So m ef aul t s d e te cte d by t h e m se l ve s app e ar ;

I
And now a thousand e rrors you e xplore
That l ay inv olved in m an tling clo u ds be f ore .

O f t t o i m prov ehis Mus e t h ebard sho u ld try

, , ,

By tu r n s t h et em p e
,
r o f a di f f ere n t sky 5
Tu m s iq u a es t eti am p a r i m p er f ec ta rel i ct a
s ,

O l i m d u m p ro p e rat f u ror i n
, g en ii qu e m or ar i
Te m pe s tas r e nni t , su pp l e
tqu e e t ve rs ib u s a fl e
'

, rt

In v al i d i s m i s e m , cl a u d is qu em e
ra t u s o p e detu r .

Nec s em e l a tt re ct ares a t i s , v er u m om nequ o ta nnis

Te rq u e qu aterqu eo p u s ev o l vend u m v erb aqu ev ers i s
, ,

[ E te rn u m i m m u t an d a co l o ri b u s : o m nef r e q u ent i
Se e e e i s e n d m s t d io e r si n g l a c a rm e n
p r v u u p u .

Q u o d no n u na d i es f ors af f eret al t era et u l tro

, , ,

Nu ll o ol i m s t u dio n u ll a ol i m i n c a rm i nec u ra
, ,

De p r e n see p e r s e p r o d ent u r t em p or e c, u l p ae
Q qu ae u e l a t e n t v a ria s d e nsa i nt e r n u b i l a p e s t e
s
.

Q u i n et i am d o ct u m m u l t u m j u v et ill el ab orem ,

Q u i v a ri e s c oe l i c r e b er m u t a ve ri t or
. as

Na m qu ee t i am m u ta n t an i mi geni o qu el o coru m
,

Di v e rsas sp ec i es d i versos pec to ra mo t u s

,
506 - 51 9 ] BOO K III . 1 51

For t hus his ge nius take s a dif f e re nt f ac e

F 1 011 1 every di f f ere nt ge nius o f a plac e .

T h eso u l t oo c h ange s and th ebard m ay fi nd

,

A t housand v arious m o tions in his m ind 5

Ne w gl e ams o f ligh t w ill e ve ry m o m e nt rise ,

W hilef ro m e ac h p art t h es c a t te ring darkn e ss f li e

s5
And as h eal te
,
rs wh at app e ars am iss ,

H eadds ne w flowe rs t o b e au t i f y t h epi e ce .

Bu t h e re e ve ,
n he re avoid t h ee
,
xtre m eo f su c h
Who w i th e xc e ss o f c arec orre c t to o m u c h ,

Whosebarbaro u s h ands no c alls of pi ty b ou nd

'

Whil ewi t h th ein f e cte d p a r t s th e y cu t th esou nd ,

And m aketh ec urem oredange rous t h an t h ew ound 5

Till all t h eblood and spiri ts draine
,
d away ,

T h ebody si c k e ns and t h ep arts d e

,
c ay ,

T h enati v ebe au t i es di e t h eli m bs app e,

ar

R ough an d de f or m e d w ith o nec on tinue d s c ar .

No fi x e d de te r m in e d numb e rI e n j 0 1 n ,

Bu t w h e n so m eye ars sh all p e rf e c t t h ede sign ,

Re fle ct on li f e5 an d m ind f ul o f t h y sp an
, ,

Whos escan ty li m i t bounds th ed ays o f m an ,

Co nci p i u nt nostris qu enovaes em enti b u s ofl e

, rt
'

Ul tro al iq u i d s e mp e r l u c i s t eneb raequ e reced u nt

, ,

A tq u e n ov os op eri s em p er f as ad d eref l or es .

Ver u m es to h i c etiam m od u s : h u i c i mpo nerec u rse

Ne s ci v ereal i qu i fin em me
, d i cas qu es e ca nd is
M o rb is a b s t i nu iss emanu s e , t parc e retand em
I mm i t e s , don e c mac i eco nf ectu s et aeger
A ru i t e x h a u st o v e l u t om n i s angu i nef oe tu s ,

Nati v u m qu ed ec u s p os u i t d u m pl u ri ma u b iqu e
,

De f o rm at s e e t o s ar t u s i n h on e s ta c i c atri x .

T u qu e i de o v i taeu s qu em em o t b rev io ris u b i anu os

,

P os t a l iq u o t ( n eq u eenim nu meru m nequ e tem p ora

,

Ce rt a tib i ) addi deris deco ris s atis atq u eni toris ,

R u m pemor as , O pu s i n g e n t em d i m i tt e p er or h em ,
1 52 VI D A ’
S A RT OF P O ET R Y .

Wid eo e r t h espac io u s w orld w i t hou t d e

la y
’

, ,

Perm i t t h efi n is h e
d pi ec eto takei ts w ay ,

Til l al l ma nkind ad m i res t h ehe ave nly song ,

T h eth e meo f e ve ry h a nd and eve ry t ongu e .

Se e th y ple as e d f riends t h y spread i ng glory draw s ,

E ac h w i th his v oi c et o s w e ll th evas t applause5

T h ev as t ap p la u s esh a ll re ac h t h es t arry f ra m e ,

N0 ye a rs n o age
,
s sh al l o b s c u reth y f am e
, ,

And E art h s las t ends s h all h ear t h y d arling nam e

’
.

Sh al l w et h e n do u bt to s c orn a ll w orldly v i ews ,

An d n o t p re fe r th era pt u reo f th eMuse

Thri c eh appy bard s w h o taught by H e n obe
av e ,
y ,

Th eser u l e s and f o llo w w h eret h e

,
y le ad t h ew ay ,

An d he a r t h ef a i t h f u l pr ece p ts I b est o w e
d ,

I n spi re d w i th raged i v i ne and la bo ring w i t h t h ego d,

.

Bu t a rt al o n e a nd h u m anme ,
an s m us t f a il , ,

No r th e s ei n s t r u c t i vep r ec ep ts w ill pre vail ,

Un l es s t h ego d s t h eir pres en t a id s u pply ,

An d l o o k w i t h ki n ,
d i nd u lgenc ef ro m t h esky .

I on l y poin t e d o u t th ep aths t h at le ad

T h ep an ti n g you th t o s te e p Parnassus h e ad 5
’

Pe
rq u emanu s p e r qu e o ra v ir u m perm i ttev agari
,
.

Co n ti n u o l a to te d u l c e s u n d i qu e am i c i
c

G rata n te s
pl au s u e x ci ie
p n t : tu a
g l ori a c oel o

S u cce de t n ,o me nqu e t u u m s i nu s u l ti m u s or b i s
A u die t ac n
, u l l o d i f f u s u m ab o l e b it u r ae vo .

E t d u b itam u s o pe s an i m o co ntem nereav ari ,

Ne c p o tiu s s e q u i m u r d u l c e s an t e o m n i a M u sa s ?

0 f or t u nat i ! q u i b u s o l i m h a e c nu m i na d ex tra
A nn u e ri n t p rae ce t s e i u aev ei s ecan e n d o
p a q u q , p
J u ss a d e d i p l en u s P h o e b o att o n i
, t u s q u e f u ror e
Q u and o no n artes s a tis u ll ae; h o mi nu m qu el ab or es ,

E t me a d i cta pa r u m p ro si n t u i de , s u pe r ad s it

A u x il i u m an p rae
, se ns f av or o m ni po tent is O l ym pi .

I ps eviam tantu m po t u i docu i ss erepertam

1 54 V I DA ’
S A RT OF P O ET R Y .
[ 551- 50
3

Tre m blin g and f aint ing on th ev e rgeof age ,

To h e lp t h e ir w e ari e d m as t e r shall t h e y run ,

An d le nd th e ir f ri endly hands t o gui d eh i m on 5

Th rough bloo m ing grov e s his ta rdy progre ss w ai t ,

And set h i m ge n tly do w n at P h ceb u s gate ’

,

T h ew hil eh esings be f oreth eh allo w e d shrine

T h es ac re d p oe ts an d t h et u ne f ul Nine .

He ret h e n i nR o m an nu m b ers w ill w eris e ,

And l i f t t h ef am eo f Virgil t o th eski e s

A u so n ia s pridean d bo ast 5 w h o brin gs along
’

St r engt h to my line s and spiri t t o my song

,
.

Fi rst h ow t h em i gh ty bard tr anspo rt e doe ’

r

T h esac re d M u se s f ro m th eAoni an shore ,

Le d t h ef air sis te rs t o t h eH e spe ri an plains ,

An d sung in R o man t o wns t h eGre c ian s t rai ns 5

How in his you t h t o w oods and grov e s h ef le d ,

And sw e e tly t un e d t h eso f t Sic il ian re e d5

Ne xt h ow in pit y t o t h eAusonian sw ains
, , ,

H eraise d to H e av e n th ehonors of t h epl ains ,

R ap t in T ri p tol e m u s s ca r on high
’
,

H es c at te re d pe a c ean d ple nty f ro m th esky 5

Fire d w i t h his c oun t ry s f am e w it h loud ala rm s
’
,

e
Sep e t rah e
nt, u l tro qu ef e re nt p e r a m oe na l o coru m ,

E t s u mm i i nv al id u m s i st e nt ad l i m i na P h oe bi ,

Ca n ta n te m M u sas v at u m qu ei n
, venta p io ru m .

Vi rgil n a n t eom n e s lae ti h ic s u p e r as tra f erem u s

Ca rm i n i b u s p at riis l au d e s ; de cu s n u d e £31 156 m
"

Un d em i h i vir e an i m u s mi h i d u ci tu r u nd e
f
‘

s ,

P ri m u s u t A o n i i s M u s as d e du x e ri t ori s ,

A rgo l i cu m re so n an s R o m an a pe r op p i d a c arm e n
Ut j u ve ni s Z cu l as s yl v i s i nfla ri t av e nas
‘
S

t u e i d e m, A u s o ni o s an i m i m is eratu s agr es tes ,

E x tu l eri t s a c ros r u ri s s u
p e r aet h e r a h o nor e
s ,

T ri p to l e mi in ve ct u s v o l u cri
p er s i d er a cu rru

Re s de mu m in g r e ss u s R o m a nze l a u d i,s a d arm a

564- 577 ] Book 1 11 . 1 55

At last h erous e d al l Latiu m up t o arm s ,

I njust array t h ePhrygi an troops be s t ow e d ,

And spoketh ev oic eand l angu ageo f a god .

F at h er of ve rs e f ro m w ho m our honors spri ng ,

Se ef rom all part s our bards atte nd th e ir king ,

Be ne at h t h y b ann e rs range d th y f am ein c re ,

as e ,

And re ar proud t rophi e s f rom th espoils o f Gre ece

Low in E lysi an fi e
,
ld s h e r t un ef u l t hrong
,

Bo w to th y l aure ls and ad oret h y song 5

O u th e ealoneth y coun try turns h e r e ye s ,

O u th e eh e r po e ts f u tur ef am ere lie s

’
.

Se eh ow in c row ds t he y c ourt t h y ai d div in e

For all t h e ir honors b u t d e pe nd on t hine
Taught f ro m t h ewo m b t h y nu m be rs to re hears e ,

And sip t h ebal m y sw e ets o f e ve ry ve rs e .

Unrival e d bard 1 al l age s sh all d e c re e

T h ef irs t un e nv i ed pal m o f f am eto th ee5
Thri c eh appy bard t h y boundl e ss glory fl i e s ,

Wh e ren e ve r m ortal m us t atte m p t t o ris e5

Su c h h e av e nly nu m be rs in th y song weh e ar ,

And m oret h an h u m an acc e n ts c h arm th ee ar

E x ci e
ri t La ti u m o m ne P h rygu m qu ei ns tru x erit al as
, ,

Verb a D eo s im il is : d ec u s a tep ri nc ip enos tr u m

O m ne p ate, r ! tib i G raj u genu m degentetro ph ae a

Su s pe nd u nt I tali vat e s tu a s i gn
, a se qu u t i .

O mn is i n E l ys i is u nu m teG rae ci a c am p i s

M i rat u rqu e, au d i tqu enl tro , as s u rgi tqu ecanenti ,

T es i ne , nil nob i s p u l ch ru m : o m ne s o ra Lat i n i

I n te o cu l os qu ef e
, ru n t ve rs i : tu a m ax i ma v irtu s
Omn ib u s au x i l io est : t u a l i b ant c arm i na passi m
A ss i d u i p ri m i s e
, t t ev e ne ra n t u r ah an ni s .

Neti b i qu i s v at u m ce rta v eri t : o m n i a cedant

Se cl a, ne c in vi d e an t pri m o s t i b i l a n d is h o n ores .

Fo rtu n at eo p e ru m ! t u a p rae s ta n s gl ori a f amae ,

Q u o q u en qu a m a3 p i ra re n ef a s s,es e e x t u l i t al i s .
156 VI DA S ’
A RT OF PO ET R Y .

T o the
e h is darli ng t bu s ha n ds im part
’
, ,

His sou l h is ge niu s and i m mo rtal art

, ,
.

Wh at h e l p or m e ri t int h e s erule s aresh o wn ,

T heyou t h m us t ow et o t h y su ppo rt al o n e
T h eyou th w h os ewand e ,
ri ng f ee t w i t h careI l e d
Alo f t o e r st eep Parnass u s sa cred he ad
’ ’
, ,

Tau gh t f rom th y gr e at e x a m plet o e x pl o re

Th osearduou s pat hs w hic h t ho u h as t t rod be f o re .

H ail prid eo f I taly t h y co u n t ry s grace

,
’

H ail gloriou s ligh t of al l t h etu ne

,
f ul rac e1
F o r w ho m w ew e avet h ec ro wn an d alt ars rai se , ,

And w i t h ri c h ince nsebid t h et e m ple s blaz e5

O u r so l e m n hy m n s s hall s t ill re so u nd t h y p rais e .

Hail holy bard and bo undle

, ,
s s inre now n
Thy f am e d e pe nd e nt on t hyself alone
, ,

Re q u ire s no song no nu m be rs b u t th y ow n
, ,
.

Loo k downpropi t io u s and m y t hough ts inspire ,

Warm m y c has t ebos o m w i t h th y sa cre d fire

Le t al l t h y fl a m es w i t h al l t h e ir rap ture s 1 011 ,

De e p in my bre as t an d ki ndlea l l m y so u l
,

Ni l ad o e m orta l eso nas : oe

i i c apt u s
t b am r

I ps e s u os ani mos s u a , mu ner a lae

A p oll o
tu s

A dd id i t ac m u l ta prae
, s ta n te rn i n s i gn i i t a rt e .

Q u od cu nqu eh oc o p is at q u eart i s nos t ri qu e r e

, p e
rti ,

Un i grata t i b i d e be t p rz cl a ra j u v e nt u s ,

Q u a m do cu i et ru pis sa c ra: s u per ard u a d u x i

, ,

Du m t u a fida l e g o v es t i gi a t e ae q u or u n
, u m
O de c u s I tal ize! 11111 0 cla riss i m a v atu m !
T eco l i m u s ti b i se rta d am u s
, t i b i t u r a t i b i aras
, ,

E t tib i ri t esa c ru m se m pe r d i cam u s h onore m

Carm i n ib u s m e m or e s : sal v esa n cti ss im eva t e s !

Lau di b u s au ge ri t u a gl ori a nil p o t is u l tra ,

Et n os t raen il v oe is eget : no s as p i cep rzesens ,

Pe ct o rib u s q u e t u os cas t ri s i n f u nd ec al or e s

A dve ni e ns p at e r ! a tq u e a n
,
i m is te t ei nser enostri s .
 BOILEAU S AR T OF POET R Y
’

WIT H T HE T R A NS L A T IO N BY SO A M E .

CA NTO I .

ASH au t hor ti s a vain pre ,

’
su m p tuous c rim e
To und e rt aketh esac re d a rt o f rim e5
I f at t h y birt h t h es tars t h at rule d th y se ns e
Shon eno t wi th a po e tic in flu ence
'

I nt h y s t rai t ge nius t hou w il t s till b ebound ,

Find Ph oe bus d e af a n d Pe gasus unsound

, .

You t h e , n t hat burn w ith a d e

,
siret o t ry
T h ed ang e rous c ours eof c harm ing poe t ry ,

Fo rb e ar in f r u i t less v e rs et o loseyour t i m e ,

01 tak ef or ge nius th ed e sireo f ri m e5

Fe ar t h eall u re me nt s o f a sp e c ious bai t
“

And we ll c onsid e r your ow nf orc eand we igh t .

n v ai n q u au P ar nas s eu n t é m é raireau te
e u r

C
E ST
’ ’

Pe ns ed el ar t d e ’
s ve rs attei nd rel a h au teu r ;
S il n
’
es ent poi nt d u c i e l l i nfl u e’
nces e c re te ,

Si s o n as tr ee n nai ss ant nel a f orm é p oé te ’

,

Da n s s o n gé n ie é t roi t i l es t t o u jo u rs c ap ti f ;
P ou r l u i P h e bu s e s t so u r d e t P é gas ee
, s t r ét i f .

O v o u s d o nc qu i b r il l a n t d u n e ar d eu r pé ril l e u se
’
, ,

Co u r ez du bel e s p ri t l a ca rrié re é p i n eu se ,

N al l e
’
z p as s u r d e s ve rs s ans f r u i t v o u s c o ns u m er ,

Ni p r e nd r ep o u r gé ni enu am o u r d eri m er ;
Cr ai gne z d u n v a i n p l a i sir l e s t ro m p e u se s am or c e
’
s ,

E t c on s u l tez l ongt e m p s v o tr e e s p ri t et v os f or c e s
1 60 BO I L E AU S AR T OF PO ET R Y [ 1 3- 29
’
.

Natureabounds in w i ts of e ve ry kind ,

And f or e ac h au t hor cana ta l e n t find

On em ay in v e rs ed esc ribeana m oro u s flam e ,

Anot h e r sharp e n a short e pigram 5

Wall e r a he ro s m igh ty ac ts e ’
x tol ,

Sp e nse r sing R osalind in pas t oral .

Bu t au t hors t hat t h e m selv e

,
s t oo m u c h e e
s tem ,

Los et h e ir ownge niu s and m is tak et h e ir the

, me
Th u s int i me s p ast Du b artas vainly w ri t ,

Alloying sac re d t ru th w i th t ri f ling w i t 5

I m pe rtin e ntly and w it ho u t d e ,
ligh t ,

De s c ribed t h eI srae li te
s t ri u m ph ant fligh t 5 ’

And f ollow ing Mos e

,
s oe r t h es andy pl ain
’
,

Pe rish e d w i t h Pharaoh in t h eArabi an m ain .

W h at ee r y ou w ri teo f ple asan t or su bli m e

’
,

Always l e t se nseacc omp any y o u r ri m e5

F al s el y the y se e m e ac h o t h er t o oppos e ,

R i m em u s t b em ad ew i t h re ason s l aw s to c los e
’
5

La natu r e f e r til e en es pri ts ex cell ens

, ,

Sa i t e ntrel e s a u te u rs p a r t ag er l es tal ens

L u n pe
’
u t tr ac e r en v ers u neam o u r eu s ef l a mm e ,

L a u t r e d u n t r a i t pl a i s a n t a igu i s e
r l é pi g ra m m e;
’ ’ ’

M al h e rb ed u n h é ros p eu t v a nter l es ex pl o i ts
’
,

R ac an c h a n ter P h il i s l es b ergers et l es b oi s
, .

M ai s s o u v e nt nu e s p ri t qu i s efl a t t ee t qu i s a i me
’

M éco nno i t so n gé ni e e t s i gn
, ores o i m ém e ’
-

A in s i te l a u tr e f oi s q u o n v i t av e c Far et
’

Ch a r b o nne r d es es v ers l es m u rs d u n c ab aret ’

,

Se n v a m al a p ro p os d u nev oi x i ns ol ent e
’ ’
, ,

Ch a nt e r d u peu pl eh é b reu l a f u itetrio m p h ante ,

E t p o u rs u i v ant M oi s e a u tr av e
, rs d e s d és e r ts ,

Co u r t av e c P h a rao n s e noyer d ans l es m ers .

Q u el q u es u j et q u o n tr ai te o u pl ai sant o u s u b l i me
’
, , ,

Q u e t o u jo u r s l eb on s e ns s acco rdeav e c l a ri m e;
’

L u n l a u tr e v a i n em e nt i l s s em b l e nt s e h atr
’ ’
,
16 2 BO I L E A U S A R T OF PO E T R Y
’
.

So me t im e s anau t hor f ond o f his ownt hough t , ,

Pu rsu e s its obj e c t t ill i t s ove rwrou ght ’

I f h ed e s c rib es a ho u se h esho ws t h ef ac e , ,

And af te r w alks y ou rou nd f ro m pl ac eto pla c e;

He reis a v is ta t h e reth edoors u n f old
, ,

Balc oni e s he rearebalus te re d w i th gold 5

Th en c ou n ts t h ero u nds a nd ovals in th ehalls ,

T h ef e st oons f ri e z e
,
s and th eas trag als 5
,

Tire d w i t h his t e dio u s po m p away I ru n , ,

And skip o e r tw e
’
n t y p ag e s to b egon e , .

O f su c h d e sc ript i o ns t h evain f olly se e ,

And sh u n t h e ir barre n su p e r fl u ity .

All th at is n ee dle ss care f ully av oid 5

T h em ind on c esa ti s fi e d is q u i c kly c loyed .

H ec anno t w ri tew h o kno w s no t t o giv eo e r

’
,

To m e nd o nef ault h em ake s a hu nd red m ore

A ve rs ewas w e ak you t u rn i t m u c h to o s t rong
, ,

And grow ob sc uref o r f e ar you should b elong 5

La rais o n po u r m ar c h er na s o u vent qu u nevoi e ’ ’

.

U n a u te u r qu e l qu e f oi s t ro p p l e
, i n d eso n obj et ,

Jam ais sa ns l ép u is er nab ando nne u n s u j et

’ ’

S i l re
’
nc o ntr eu n p al ai s i l m e , n d é pei nt l a f ac e
’
;
1 1 m ep ro m e neapr e s d et e rrass een terrass e;
Ic i s ofl reu n p erron l a r e g en
n c orrid or
'
’
, u ,

La ceb a l c o n s e nf e rm ee n u n b al u s tr ed o r
’ ’
.

I l c o m p te d e s pl a f on ds l e s ro n ds e t le s o v al es;
‘
Cc n es o nt qu ef e st on s cen , e s ont qu as t ragal e s;
’ ’

J e s a u tev i n g t f e u i l l e t s p o u r en t ro u v er l a fin ,

E t j e m esa u v ea p e i ne au tr av ers d u j ard i n .

Fu yez d eces au teu rs l ab o ndances t é ril e

’
,

Et n ev o u s c h a rgez p oi nt d u n d é tai l i nu t i l e ’
.

T o u t ceq u o n d i t d et ro p e s t f a dee t re b u tan

’
t5
Le
’
s pri t r ass as i é l er e j ettea l i ns tant ’
.

Q u i n e s ai t s e b or n e r n e s u t j a m a i s éc rir e .

So u v e nt l a p e u r d u n m al n
’
o u s c o nd u i t d a ns nu p ire
Un ve t s éto i t t rop f oib l e e t v o u s l ere
, nd e z du r ;
66 -83] CA NT O 1 . 1 63

So m eareno t gau dy b u t arefl at and d ry ; ,

No t to b el ow a no t h e ,
r soars too high .

Wo uld yo u o f e ve ry o n ed e se rv eth eprais e?

I nwri ting vary your dis c oursean d phras e5
A f roz e n styl e that n e , it h ere bbs nor fl ow s ,

ad o f pl e
I n st e asi ng mak e s u s gap eand do z e
'

.
,

Thos ete dious au thors aree s te e me d by none ,

Who t ireu s hu m ming th esam eh e

,
avy t on e .

l
H appy wh o in his versecange n tly s t ee r .

F1 0m grav et o ligh t f ro m pl e asa n t t o s e ve re L

”

His w orks wi l l b ead m ire d whe reve r f ound ,

And o f t w i th bu ye rs will b ec o m p asse d round

I nal l you wri t eb en e i th er l o w nor v il e5
T h em e an e s t th e m em ay h av ea prop e r s tyl e) .

T h edull bu rl e squ eapp e ar e d w i th i m p u d e nc e ,

And ple as ed by nov e l ty in spi teo f s e nse5

All e xc e
,
p t t ri v ial points gre w o u t o f d a t e5
,

Parnassus spoket h ecan t o f Billingsgate5

e v i t ed é trel o n e j e ev en o c r
J d i b
’
g , t s s u 5
L u n ne s t p oi n t t ro p f a r d é m ais sa m u s e e st t ro p nu e
’ ’
, ;
L au tr e a p e u r d er am p e r il s ep er d d ans l a nu e
’
.
,

Vo u l ez v ou s d u p u b l i c m é riter l es am o u rs
-
,

Sans c e ss ee n éc ri vant vari e z v o s d i s c o u rs ;

Un s tyl etro p é gal e t t o u jo u rs u n i f or m e

E u v ai n b ri l l e3 no s y e u x i l f au t q u il n
,
’
o u s end orm e .

O n l i t pe u ce s a u te u rs nés p o u r no u s e
,
nnu ye r ,

Q u i t o u jo u rs s u r n u t o n s em b l en t p sa l m o d i er
rs sai t d u nev oi x l e
.

He u re u x qu i da ns s e s ve gere
’
, ,

P ass e r d u grav eau d o u x d u p l ai sant a u s éve

, re !
So n l iv r e , ai m é du c i el et c h é ri d es l ec teu rs
, ,

E s t s o u ve nt c h e z B ar b i n e nt o u r é d ach e te
’
u rs .

Q u oi qu evo u s éc ri v i ez év itez l a b ass ess e;

,

Les tyl el em oi n s n o b l ea p o u r tant sa nob l ess e .

A u m é p ri s d u b o n s e ns l eb u r l e
,
s q u ee fTro n té
T ro m p a l e s ye u x d ab o rd
’
p l u,t p a r sa n o u v e au t é 5
O u nevi t pl u s e nve rs qu ep oi n te s tri v i al e s5
 BOI LE A U S A RT OF PO E TR Y [ 34- 1 00
’
164 .

Bo undle
ss nd mad d iso rde
a re
,
d ri m ewas se en5
Dis guise d A pollo c ha nged to H arlequi n .

This p lagu e w hi c h fi rs t i nc ou n try t owns b e

, gan ,

Ci t ie
s an d ki n gdo m s qu i ckly ove rran 5
T h edulle st scribbl e rs so m ea d m ire rs f ound ,

And t h eMoc k Te m pe s t w as a w h il ere now ne d .

Bu t t his l o w s tu f f t h et o wnat las t d e s p i se d ,

And sc orne d th ef olly that t h e y onc ehad p riz e d ,

Dis tinguish e d du l l f ro m natural and plain ,

And l e f t t h ev illag e s to Fl e ckn o es re i gn .

Le t n o t so m e an a s t yl eyo u r m us ed e bas e ,

Bu t le arnf ro m Bu tl e r th e b fl ni n e
'

_ u oo gg r a c
And l e t burl e squ e1nballa ds b ee m ploye d .

Ye t noisy bo m bas t c a r e f ully avoid ,

No r t hink t o raise t hough on Pharsalia s plain

,
’
,

Millions o f m ourning m o u n tai ns o f t h eslain 5

No r w i th Du b artas bridleu p th efl ood s
, , ,

An d pe ri w ig w i t h w ool th ebaldp at ew ood s .

’

Choos ea just style B egravew i t hou t co ns traint

.
, c /

LeP ar nas s ep ar l a l el an a
g ge d e
s h al l e
s ;
La l i c enc ea ri mer al ors neu t pl u s def rei n; ’

A p ol l o n tr av e sti de v i nt u n T ab a ri n .

Ce tt e c o n ta gi o n i n fe c ta l es p rov i nc es ,

Du cl e r c et du b o u rgois passa j u s q u es a u x p ri nc es ,

Lepl u s m au v ai s p l a i sa n t e u t se s ap p ro b a t eu rs ,

I It j u s qu a D A ss o u ci t o u t tro u va d e s lec teu rs

‘ ’ ’
, , .

M ai s d eces ty l ee nfin l a c ou r d é sab u s é e

D é d a i gn a d ece s ve rs l ex travaganceai s é e
’
,

D i s ti n l e n f d u p l at e t du b ou flon
'

g u a a i ,

E t l a iss a l a prov i nc ead m ir e r l eT yph o n .

Q u e ce s t y l e j a mai s neso u i l l ev o treo u v rage;

I m i to ns d eM arot l él égant b ad i nage
’
,

E t l ai ss o n s l eb u rl e s q u eau x p l a i s ans du P o nt Ne u f .

M ai s nal l e z p oi n t a u ss i s u r l e s p as d e B réb e
’
, u f ,

M émee n u neP h ars al e e ntas s e

, r s u r l es ri ves
‘
D emor ts e t d em o u ran s ce nt m o ntagne s
p l a i nt i v e s .
’
1 66 BOI L E AU S A R T OF P O ET R Y [
’
. 1 1 9- 1 37

Change d all spoile d all and h ad his w ay apart 5

, ,

His h augh ty m us eall ot h e rs did de spis e ,

And though t in t riu m ph to be ar o f f t h epri z e ,

Till t h esh a rp sigh te d c ri t ic s o f t h eti m e

-
s
I nt h e ir M ock G ond i b e rt e xpos e d his ri m e s ,

T h el aure ls h epre te nd e d did re f us e ,

And dash e d t h ehop e s o f his aspiring m us e .

This h e ads t ro n g wri t e r f alling f ro m on high , ,

M ad ef ollow ing au thors takel e ss libe rt y .

W alle r c am elas t b u t was t h efi rs t w hoseart

,

J ust w e igh t and m e asuredid to v e rs ei m part ,

Th at o f a w e ll plac e d w ord c ould t e ac h th ef orc e

‘

-
,

And show e d f o r po e t ry a nobl e r c ourse .

His h appy ge nius did our tongu ere fin e ,

And e asy w ords w i t h pl e asing numb e rs join 5

'

His ve rs e s to good m e t hod did apply ,

And c h ang e d h ard disc ord to so f t har mony L .

M aro t b i e
nt6 t aprés fit fl e
u ri r l e
s b al l a d e
s,

T ou rna d es triol ets rim a d es m asc arad es

, ,

A de s re f ra i ns r é gl é s as s e rvi t l es ro nd eau x ,

E t m o ntr a p o u r ri m e r d es ch em i ns to u t no u v eau x .

R on s ar d qu i l es u i v i t p a r u n
, eau trem é th od e ,

R égl an t to u t b ro u i l l a t o u t f i t u n a rt a s a m o d e
, , ,

E t t o u te f oi s l o n g t em p s e u t n u h e u r e u x d e s t i n ;
M a i s sa m u se e , u f r ancoi s p arl an t gre c et l ati n ,

V i t d an s l a
’
g e s u i v a n t p a r, u n r e t o u r g r o t e s q u e ,

T omb e r d es e s gr a n d s m ot s l ef as tep é d an te s qu e .

Cc p o é teor gu e i l l eu x t r éb u c h é d es i h au t
, ,

Re nd i t pl u s r e te nu s D e s p or te s e t Be t t an t .

E nfin M al h e r b evi nt et l epr em i er en Franc e

, , ,

F it se ntir dans l e s ve rs u nej u s tec ad enc e ,

D u n m ot m i s e 33 p l a c ee ns e i gna l ep o u voir
’
u ,

E t r é d u is i t l a m u s ea u x r e g l e s d u d e v oir .

P ar cc s age éc ri v ai n l a l a n g u e r é p a r é e
N ofl ri t pl u s ri en d er u d ea l o re i l l eé p u r é e
’
'
’
5
Le s s tan c es av ec grfice app rirent a t omb er ,
 ]
133- 155 CA NT O I . 16 7

All o wn e
d his law s l ong approve5 w hi d a nd tri e
c h ,
d ,

To pre se n t au t ho rs now m ay b ea gu id e5
Tre ad boldly i nhis s te ps se cu ref ro m f e ar , ,

And be likeh i m in your e

,
xpre ,ssions c le ar C .

I f in yo u r v e rseyou drag and s e ns ed e l ay , ,

My pat i e nc et ire s m y f anc y go e s as tray

, ,

And f rom you r vain discourseI turn m y m ind ,

No r s e arc h anau t hor t ro u bl e so meto fi nd .

Th e reis a ki nd o f w rit e r pl e as ed w i th sound ,

Whos ef ust ian h e a d w i t h c louds is c o m p a ss e d round

No re a so n candisp e rseth e m wi t h i ts light 5
Le a rn t h en to think e rey ou pre te nd to w ri te
'

As your id e a s cle a r or e ls eobs c ure

’

, ,

T h ee xpression f ollow s p e rf e c t or i m pure5 ,

W hat wec on c ei vew i t h e a s ew ecane xpre ss 5

Wo rds to th eno tions fl o w wi t h re adin e ss
e
.

O bs e rv eth el angu ag w e ll in al l yo u w ri te ,

And sw e rvenot f ro m i t in your lo f tie st fl igh t .

E t l ev e
rs su r l ev e
rs e ’
j amb er
nosa
n p l u s .

T o u t re c o nnu t ses l ois ; et cc gu i defidél e

A u x au t e u rs d ecc te m ps s e r t enco r d em o d e l e;
M ar c h e z don c s u r s es pas ; aim ez s a p u ret é ,

E t d es o n t o u r h e u re u x i mite z l a c l art é .

Si l es e ns d ev o s ve rs tard ea sef aireentend r e ,

M on e s p ri t a u s s i t6 t c o mm e nc ea s ed é te nd r e;
E t d ev os va i n
, s d i s c o u rs p rom p t a s e d é ta c h e r ,

Nes u i t p oi nt u n au te u r q u i l f au t t o u jo u rs c h e
’
rc h er .

Il e st ce r tai ns es pri ts d o nt l es s o m b res p ens é es

So n t d u nn u age é pa i s t o u jo u rs e m b arrass é e
’
s

Lejo u r d el a r ais o nn el esau ro i t p e r c er ;

A va n t don c qu ed éc rir e app renez a pens er
’
, .

Se l o n qu en o t r ei d é ee s t pl u s o u m oi n s ob s c u r e ,

Le x re
’
p ss i o n l a su it ou m oi,n s ne t t e ou
p l u s p u r e;
Cc qu el o n co n
’
c o i t b i en s é n o nce c l a irem ent
’
,

E t le s m o ts p o u r l ed ir ea rri v e nt ais é m e nt .

Su rt o u t q u e , n v os éc ri ts l a l angu er évé rée

’
168 B OI LE AU S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .
[ 1 56 - 1 7 4

T h es m oo th e
st ve rs eand th ee x ac t est sense
Disple as eu s i f ill E nglish gi v eo fie ns e5
'

A barb arous phras eno re ade r canapprov e ,

Nor bo m b as t noise or afl e cta t i o nlo v e

'

.
, ,

I nshort w i t hou t purel angu age w h at you w ri te

, ,

Cann e ve r yi eld u s p rofi t or d e ligh t .

Taketimef or thinki ng 5 n e ve r w ork in h as te5

And valu eno t you rs e l f f o r w ri ting f ast 5 l /

A rapid poem w i th su c h f ury w ri t , ,

Sh ow s want o f judgm e n t no t abo u nding wi t ,

.

Moreple ased w earet o s e ea rive r lead

His ge n tlestr am s al ong a flowe ery m e ad ,

Th an f ro m high banks to h e ar loud t orre n ts ro ar ,

Wi t h f o am y w at ers on a m uddy shore ,

.

Ge ntly m ak eh as te o f labor no t af raid 5 ,

A hundre d ti m es c onsid e r w h at you v es aid ’

Polish re polis h e
,
ve ry c olor l ay , ,

D ans v os g
p r
l a
u n sd s e x cé s v o u s s oi t t o u jo u rs sa c r é e .

E n v ai n v o u s m ef r ap p e z d u n son m é l odi e
’
u x ,

Si l e te rrn ee s t i m p ro p r e o u l et o u r v i c i e , u x ;

M on e s p ri t nad m e t p oi n t u n p om pe u x b ar b a ris m e
’
,

Ni d u n v e
’
rs a m p o u l é l orgu ei l l eu x s ol éc is m e ’
.

Sa n s l a l an g u e e n u n, m o t l a u t e u r l e p l u s ,d i vi n ’
,

E s t t o u jo u rs q u oi q u i l f as s e u n m éc h ant éc ri vai n
’
, , .

T r av ai l l e z a l oi s ir qu el q u eord requ i v o u s pr ess e

, ,

E t ne v o u s p iq u e z
p oi n t d u n e f o l l e v i t es s e;
’

Un s tyl es i r a pi d e e t qu i c o u r t e
, u ri mant ,

M arq u em oi n s tro p d e s p ri t q u e p
’
e u d e j u g ,em e nt .

J aim em i eu x u h r u iss eau qu i s u r l a m ol l eare

’
ne
D an s u n p ré p l e i n d efl eu rs l entem ent s ep ro m é ne ,

Q u
’
u n t orr e n t d é b or d é qu i d u n c o u rs orageu x ,
’
,

R o u l e pl e, i n d egrav i er s u r nu t errai n f angeu x , .

Hate z vou s l e
-
ntem e nt ; e t s an s pe r d r e c o u r age
, ,

V ingt f oi s su r l em é ti er r em ettez v o treo u vr age;

P ol i ss e z l es an -
s ce s s ee t l er e p o l i ss e z ;
A jo u te z qu e l qu e f oi s e t s ou ve nt e , fi ace z .
170 B OI LE AU S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .
[ 1 92- 209

A syc oph ant will e veryt hing ad m ire5

E ac h v e rs e e ac h s e
,
n ten ce s e ts his sou l on fi re5
,

All is divine t h e res no t a w ord am iss

’

Hesh ak e s w i th j oy and w e ,
e ps w i th t e nd ern ess 5
Heove rpow e rs you w i t h his m igh ty praise .

Tru th ne ve r m o ve s in t hos ei m p e t uous w ays .

A f aith f u l f ri end is c are f ul o f your f a m e ,

And f re e ly w ill your h ee dl e ss e rrors blam e5

H eca nno t p ardon a ne gl e c te d line ,

Bu t v e rs et o r u l ean d ord e r w ill co nfi ne ,

Re prov eo f w ord s t h et oo afi e ct e
d so u nd
'

-
,

He ret h es e ns efl ags and you r e xpre

,
ssion s round ’
,

Your f an c y t ire s and your dis c ours egro w s va in

, ,

Yo u r te rm s i m prop e r 5 m akei t just and pl ai n .

’

Th u s t is a f ai th f ul f ri e
’
nd will f re e do m u se .

B u t au thors p artial t o t h e ir darling m use

Think t o pro te c t i t the y havejus t pre te nse ,

And at yo u r f ri e ndly c ounse l takeo f f e ns e .

A i me
z qu on v o u s c o ns ei l l e et no n pas qu o n v o u s
’
,
’

U n fl a tt e u r a u s s i t6 t c h e r c h ea s e r éc ri er ;
Ch aq u ev e r s q u i l entend l ef ai t ex tasi er ;
’

T ou t e s t c h a r m an t d i v i n5 au c u n m o t n
,
el eb l esse;
I l t r é pi gn ed ejoi e il pl e , u r ed et e nd r e ss e 5
I l v o u s c om b l epart o u t d él oge s f as t u e
’
u x .

La vé ri té na p oi nt ce t a i r i m p é tu e
’
u x .

U n s ageam i t o u jo u rs ri go u r e
, u x in fle x ib l e
, ,

Su r v o s f au te s j am ai s n ev o u s l ai ss e p ai s i b l e;
Il n ep a r d o nnep oi nt l e s e nd roi ts né gl i g é s ,

I l re nv oi ee nle u r l ie u les ve rs m al a rrangés ,

I l r é pri m ed e s m o ts l a m b i t i e u s ee m p h as e;
’

Ic i l es ens l ec h oq u e et pl u s l oi n c es t l a p h ras e
,
’
.

Vo trec onst ru c tion sem b l eu n p eu s o b scu rci r ; ’

Cc te rm ees t é qu iv oq u e il l ef au t écl air c ir ’

, ,

Ce s t ai n s i qu ev o u s p a r l e u n a m i vé ri ta b l e
’
.

M ai s s o u v e nt s u r s e s ve rs u n au t eu r i ntra i tab l e
A le s p ro t é ge r t o u s s e c roi t i nté r ess é ,
21 0- 223 ] CA NT O I . 17 1

Said you o f this t h at th ee xpre ssion s fl at ? ,

’

Your se rv an t sir you m ust e xcus em et hat

, , ,
’

Heansw e rs you This w ord h as h e reno grac e.

,

Pray le av ei t o u t Th at sir s t h eprop e re st plac e

.
’
, ,
’
.
’

This turn I lik eno t Tis approve d by al l .

’ ’
.
’

Thus re solu teno t f rom o nef aul t to fall

, ,

I f th e res a sy mbol of w hi c h you doubt

’
,

Tis a surere
’
ason n o t to blo t i t o u t .

Ye t s t ill h es ays you m ay his f aul t s c on f u t e ,

And o ve r h i m yo u r po w e r is absolu t e .

Bu t o f his f e igne d hu m ili ty tak eh e e

d ,

Tis a bai t laid to m ak eyou h e

’
ar h i m r e
ad 5

And w h e n h el e
,
av es you h appy i nhis M u s e , ,

Re s tl e ss h eruns so m eot h e r to abuse ,

An d o f te n fi nds 5 f o r i nour sc ribbling ti m e s

No f ool canwan t a so t t o prais ehis ri m e s5
T h efl atte s t w ork h as e ve r in th ec ourt

r e n e i n e roi e l en é
'

Et d ab ord m l fi
’
d
’

p d h a t d o s .

D ecev e rs direz v ou s l ex press ion es t b as s e

,
’ ‘ -
,
’
.
’

A h ! m on sie u r o r v e r e v o e n e rfice
‘
j m
’
p u c c , s u s d a d g ,

R épon d r a t i l d a b o rd Cc m o t m es e m b l e f roi d ;
’
- -
.

Je l e re t ra n c h e ro is — ‘
C e s t l e p .l u
’
s b e l en’
d roi t !
‘
Cc t o u r nem ep l att pas — ‘
T o u t l em o n .d el adm i re
’ ’
.
7

A in s i t o u jo u rs c o n s tan t a n esep oi nt d é d ire ,

Q u u n m o t d ans s o n o u v rag eai t p ar u v o u s b l e sse r

’
,

Ce s t u n t i tr e c h e o r n e oi n e ace
'
’
z lu i l fl
’

p u p t r .

Ce p e nd a n t a l e n t e,n d r e i l c
’
h é ri t l a c ri
, t iq u e ;
V ou s av ez s u r ces v ers u n p o u voir d es p ot iq u e;
M a i s to u t cc b e au d i s c o u rs d o n t il v ie nt v ou s fl a tte r

Ne s t ri e n qu u n pi égead roi t p o u r v o u s l e s r éc i t e r
’ ’
.

A u ss i t6 t i l v o u s q u i t t e 5 e t c on te nt d es a m u s e , ,

Se n va ch e
’
r c h er ai ll eu rs qu el q u ef at qu il ab u s e ’
,

Car s o u v e nt i l e n t ro u v e; a i ns i q u e n s o ts au te u rs
’
,

Notres i e c l eest f ert il eeu s o ts ad m irateu rs ;

E t sa n s ce
, u x qu ef o u r n it l a vi ll eet l a p rov i nc e ,

11 e ne s t ch e z l o d u e 11 e u e st ch e z l e ri n
, p c e .
172 BO I L E A U S A R T O F
’
PO ET R Y .
[ 229 - 93 2

Me
t w i th m ez e
so alou s as s f or i ts suppo rt 5

And in all ti mes a f orward scribbli ng f o p

Has f ound somegr e at e
r f ool to cry him u p .

L ou
’
el epl u s pl at a c h e
vrag , z le s c o u rt i sa n
, s

Det ou t t e mp s r enc ontr é d ez él és p art isans ;

E t p o u r ti n
, ir enfin p ar u n trai t d esa tire ,

Uh so t tro u vet ou jo u rs u n p l u s sot qu i l admire

’
.
17 4 BO I L E AU S A R T O F P O ET R Y
’
.

And f righ t e
d ny mph s d ivedowni nto t h eflood s .

O ppo s e d to t his an o th e r l ow i ns tyl e

, , ,

M ak e s s h eh e r d s sp eak a l ang u agel ow an d i l e

p v 5
His wri ti n g s fl a t a nd ,h ea vy w i t h o u t s o und , ,

Ki ss ing th ee ar th an d cre eping o nt h egro u nd 5

ar tha t R an
Y o u d swe dal, ru s tic s train s in h is
'

Agai nwas q u av e ring to th eco un try s w ai ns ,

An d ch an ging w i t h o u t careo f s ound or dre

, ss ,

St re ph o n and Ph y lli s in t o T o m a nd Be ss .

"
l w ix t t h e s ee x tre me s t is h ard t o k e ep t h erigh t 5
‘ ’

F o r gu i d e s t a k eV i r il an d e d T h e i t e
g r a o c r

Bet h e ir j u s t w ri ti ngs b y t h egod s ins p ired

, ,

Yo u r con s ta nt p at tern p racti s e d an d a d m i re, d .

By t h e m alo n eyo u l l e as il y co m p re
’
h end
Ho w p oe t s w i th o u t s h a m em ay co nd e sc e nd
l o s in en e e n
‘

g o f g a r d s fi l d s o f d o w
, r s a d f ru i t , ,

To s tir u p s h eph erd s a nd to t u net h efl u te5

O i lov es re war d s t o t e ll t h eh appy ho u r
’

E t le
s ny m p h e s tl e
, li ro i s e ca ch e
’

, nt s o u s l e s e au x .

A u co n t ra i re ce t a u t re a bj e ct e , n s o n l a ng a g e ,

a i t p a rl e r se s be rg e rs co m m e o n ar l e a u x il la e
“

p g ;
Se s ve rs p l a ts et g ro ss iers d é po u il l é s t l ag ré m ent ’

, ,

T o u j o u rs b a i s e nt l a terr e et r a m p ent t r is t em ent ;

,

( ) n t l i ro i t qu e R o n sa r d , s u r s e s p i pe a u x r u s ti q u e s ,

Vie nt enco r f re d o nne r s es i t l y ll es g o t h i q u es ,

R t ch a n g e r , s an s re s p e c t t l e l o re il l e e t d
’
u s o n ,

Ly ci d as e n P i erro t et l h il i s en T o i no n
,
’
.

E ntr e ce s ( le u a e x cés l a ro u t e e s t ( l l f h ci l e 5
S u i ve z
p,o u r l a t ro u v e r T h ,é o c r i t e e t V i r g i l e ;

Q u e l eu r s t en d r e s é c ri ts p a r l e
, s G r fi c e s d i c t é s ,

Ne qu i t t ent po i nt v o s m a i ns j o u r et nu it f eu i l l e , tés .

Se u ls , le u r s t l o cte s ve rs il s p o u rro nt v o u s a pp rendre

,

P a r qu e l a r t sa n s b asse ss e u n a u te u r pe u t de sce nd r e5
Ch ant e r F l o re l es ch a m ps P om o ne l es verg ers ;
, , ,

A u co m b a t d e l a fl it t e a ni m e
‘
r t l eu x b erg ers ;
De s p l a i s ir s d e l a m o u r v a n
’
te r la d o u c e a m or c e;
34- 51 ] CA NT O I I . 175

D aphnea tre e Narc issus m ak ea fl owe

,
r ,

An d by w h at m e ans t h ee c logu ey e t h as po w e r
To m ak et h ew oods w ort hy a c onqu e ror 5
This of th e ir w ri t ings is t h egrac eand fl igh t 5
Th e ir risings lo f t y y e t n ot ou t o f sigh t
,
.

T h eE l e gy t h at love ,
s a m ourn f u l s t yl e ,

W it h unbound h air w e eps at a f u n e ral pil e5

I t pain ts t h elov e r s t or m e n t s and d e ligh t s
’
,

A m is tr e ss fl att ers thre at e ns and invi t e

,
s5 ,

Bu t w e ll th e serap tu re s if you ll m ak eu s s e e ’
,

Y o u m us t kno w lo v eas w e ll as po e t ry .

I h at et hos el u k e w ar m au thors w hos ef orc e d fi re ,

f
,

I na c old s tyl ed e s c rib es a h ot d e sire5

Th at sigh by ru l e and raging in c old blood
, , ,

Th e ir sl u ggish m us ew hip t o anam orou s m ood .

Th e ir f e igne d t ransport s app e ar b u t fl a t an d vain 5

Th e y always sigh and alw ays h u g t h e
,
ir c h ain ,

Adoreth e ir prisons and t h e ir su f f erings bl e ss ,

Ch ang e
r Nar c is s ee n fle u r c o u v rir D ap h n , é d coor ee5
E t p ar q u e l art e ncor l égl ogu eq u e ’
l qu e f oi s
Re nd d i gne s d u n c on s u l l a c a m pa g n ee t le s b oi s
’
.

Te l l ee s t d e ce o é m ee
p t l a f or c e e t l a grfice .

D u n to n u n p e
’
u p l u s h au t m a i s p o,u r t a n t sa ns a u d ac e ,

La pl a i nt i v eé l é gi e e , n l o ngs h ab i ts d ed e u il ,

Sai t l e , s ch e v eu x é par s gém ir s u r u n c erc u ei l

, .

E l l ep e i nt d es am ans l a joi eet l a tri stess e5

Fl atte m enac e irri te apais eu nem ai tress e
, , , .

M a is p o u r b i e
, ne x
p ri m e r c es c a p ri c e s h e u r e u x ,

Ce st pe d ét rep o é t e il f au t ét re am o u r e
’ ’
u , u x .

e h ai s ce v i n s a u te r o n l a m u s ef or cé e
J s a u s d t ,

M e
’
ntre ti e nt d es e s fe u x t o u jo u rs f roi d e e
, t gl a cé e ;

Q u i s afli i
’
g e n t p a r a r t e t , f o u s d e
, s e n s r as s i s ,

S é ri ge nt p ou r ri m er e n am o u r eu x t r ans i s
’
.
, ,

Le u rs t r an s po rts l e s pl u s d o u x n es o nt qu eph ras es vai ne s;

I l s nes av e nt j am ai s qu es ec h a rg e r dech atnes ,

Q u e b é n ir l e u r m a r t yr e a d or e
, r l e u r
p ri s o n ,
17 6 BO I L E A U S A R T O F PO E T R Y
’
.

M akes e
ns eand re ason qu arre l as th e y ple as e .

’
Twas not o f old in t his af f e c ted tone
That s moo th Tibullus mad eh is am orous m oan ,

Nor O vid wh e n ins tru c te d f rom abo ve

, ,

By n at ure5 rul eh etau gh t t h eart of lo ve .

T h eh e art in e le gi es f or m s t h edis c o u rse .

o T h eO d eis bold e r and h as gre at er f orc e5

Moun ting t o h e av e n in h e r am bi t ious f ligh t ,

A mongs t th egods and h e ro e s tak e s de ligh t 5

O f Pisa s w re s tl ers te lls t h esine wy f orc e
’
,

And sings th edust y c onqu e ror s glorio u s c ou rs e5 ’

To Simois s t re ams do e
’
s fie rceA c hill e s bring ,

And m ake s th eGange s b ow to Bri tain s king ’

.

So m e tim es s h efli e s lik eanindus t riou s b e e ,

And robs t h efl o w e rs by n at u r e s c h em is tr y ’
,

De s c rib es t h esh e ph e rd s danc e s fe a s t s an d bliss

’
, , ,

And bo asts f ro m Phyllis to surpris ea kiss ,

Wh e n ge n tly sh ere sis ts w i th f e ig ne d re m o rs e ,

E t f air eq u r ell er l es sens et

e la rai s o n .

Cc né t o i t
’
p as j adi s s u r cc to n ri d i c u l e ,

Q A mo u
’
u r
d i cto i t l e vers
es ou p i roi t T i b u l l e
s u
q ,

O u qu ed u t e nd reO vi d eani m ant l e s do u x s on s ,

11 do n no i t d es o n art l e s c h ar m an tes l eo n
g s .

I l f a u t qu el e c oe u r se u l r l e n l é l i e ’

p a d a s é g .

L o d e av e c pl u s d é cl at et no n m oi ns d é nerg ie
’ ’ ‘
, , ,

El evant j u s qu au c i e l s o n v o l am b i t i e
’
u x ,

En tr eti e nt da ns s e s ve rs c o mm erc eav ec l es d i eu x ;

A u x at h l e tes d an s P i s ee ll eo u vr el a b a rri e re ,

Ch a nt eu n v ai nq u e u r p o u dr e u x au b o u t d e l a carne re;
Me neA c h i l l esa ngl ant a u b or d d u Si m ois ,

O u f ai t flé ch i r l E sca u t so u s l ejo u g d e Lo u is
’
.

T an tfit c o m m eu n, e ab e i l l eard entea so n o u vrage ,

E l l es e n va d efl eu rs d é p ou il l er l eri vage;
’

E l l epe i nt l es f es ti ns l e s da n se
, s e t le s ri s ;

V a nt eu n b ai s er c u eil l i s u r l es l évres d I ris ‘

,

‘
Q u i m o ll em ent r é s i ste e t p a r u n , d o u x
, c a p ri c e ,
178 B OI LE A U S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .
[ 90- 107

Whi c h i nth e s ew ri tings th el am es e ns es u ppli ed ,

F o rb ad ea us e le ss lin eshould fi nd a ph ce ,

O r a re pe at e d w ord appe ar w i t h gra c e .

A f aultl e ss sonn e t fin is h e d t h u s w o u ld b e
, ,

W or th te diou s vol u m e s o f loos epo e t ry .

A h u ndre d s c ribbling au tho rs w i thou t gro u nd , ,

Be lie vet h e y h avethis only ph oe nix f ou nd ,

Whe n ye t t h ee x ac t e
s t sc arc eh avetw o or t hre e ,

A m ong w hol et o m e s f ro m f aul t s and c e

,
nsuref re e5
T h ere s t b u t li ttl ere
,
a d re ga rd e d le ss , ,

A resho v e le d to th ep as t ry f ro m t h epre ss .

Closing t h es e n sew i thin th em e asure d ti m e ,

Tis h ard to fi t t h ere ason t o t h eri m e

’
.

LT h eE pigra m w i th li t t l eart c o m pos e

,
d .

I s on egood se nte n c ein a dist i c h c los e d .

Th e s epoin ts t h at by I ta li ans fi rs t w e repri z ed ,

O u r an c i en t au t hors kn e w n o t or d e spis e d5 ,

T h evulgar d az z l e d w i th th e
,
ir glaring li gh t ,

Lu i -m ém eenme
su r a l eno m b r e et l a c ad enc e;
D éf end i t qu u n v e rs f oi b l ey pil t j am ais entrer
’
,

Ni qu u n m o t d éj a m i s osfit s y r e
’
m on tre r
’
.

Du re s t e il l e nri ch i t d u neb e a u t é s u p rém e

’ ’
, ;
Un s o n ne t san s d é f a u ts v au t s e u l u n l on g p o em e .

M ais e n vai n m ill ea u teu rs y p e ns e nt a rri v e r5

E t ce t he u reu x ph én ix es t enc or ea tro u v er ;
A pe i ned ans G om b au t M ay nard et M al l evi l l e
,

E n pe u t ou - ad m ir e r d eu x o u t rois entrem i l l e;
Ler e s t e a u ss i p e
, u l u qu e c e u x d eP e lle ti e
r ,

N a f ai t d ech e
’
z Se r cy qu nn s au t c h ez l ép i ci er
’ ’
.

P ou r e nf e rm er so n s ens d ans l a b ornep r es c ri te ,

La m e s u r ee s t t o u jo u rs t ro
p l o n g u e e t t ro p p et i t e .

L ép igram m e p l u s l i b r ee n s o n to u r pl u s b orné
’
, .

Ne st so u ve
’
nt qu u n b o n m ot d ed e
’
u x ri m e s or n é .

Jad is d eno s a u teu rs l es p oi ntes ignor é es

Fu r ent d el I tal ieeu nos v ers attir é es
’
.

Lev u l ga ir e é b l o u i d el e
, u r f au x agr é m e nt ,
10 ]
3- 1 25 CA NT O 11 . 79

To th e ir f als epl e asur e s quic kly t h e y invi te5

Bu t publi c f av or so in c re as e d th e ir pride ,

Th e y ove rw h e lm e d Parnassus wi th th e ir t ide .

V Fh eM adrigal at fi rs t w as o v e rc o m e ,

And t h eproud Sonne t fe ll by t h esam edoom 5

Wi th th e s egrav eTrag e dy adorne d he r fl igh ts ,

And m ourn f ul E le gy h e r f un eral ri te s5

A he ro n e ve r f aile d th e m on th es tage ,

W i t hou t his poin t a lo ve r durs t not rage5

T h ea morous sh e ph e rds t ook m orecaret o prove
Tru eto his poin t t h an f ai th f ul to t h e
,
ir lov e .

E ac h w ord likeJ anus h ad a doubl ef ac e

, , ,

And pros e as w e ll as v e
,
rs e allo we d it plac e5
,

T h elawy e r w i t h c on c ei ts adorn e d h i s sp e e ch ,

T h ep arson w i t hou t quibbling c ould n o t pr eac h .

A t l ast afl ron ted re ason l ook e

'

d a bou t ,

And f ro m al l s e rious matt e rs shu t th e m ou t ,

De c lare d t h at noneshould u seth e m w i thou t sh ame ,

A eno u v e
c l app at c o u r u t avi d e me nt ;
La f av e u r du p u b l i c e x c i t ant l e u r a u d a c e ,

Le u r n om b r ei m p é tu eu x i no nd a l eP ar nasse .

Lem ad ri gal d ab ord e ’

nf u t e nve l o pp é ;
Les o nn e t orgu e ill eu x l u i m ém een f u t f r app é ;
-

La tragé d i ee n fit s e s pl u s c h é r e s dé l i ce S5

L élégi ee n or na s e s do u l o u re u x c apri c e
’
s;

Un h é ros s u r l a s c e nee u t s oi n d es e n p ar e r
’
,

E t s an s p oi n t e u n am an t no s a pl u s s o u p ir e r
’

O n v it to u s l e s be rgers dans l eu rs pl ai ntes no u v ell e

, s .

F ide le
s a l a p oi n t ee nc orep l u s qu a l eu rs b e lle
’
s;

Ch aq u em o t e u t t o u jo u rs d e u x v i s ag e s d iv e rs ;
La p ros el a r e cu t a u s s i b i e n q u e l es v er s ;
L ’
a v ocat au i en h é ri ssa son s tyl e
p al a s ,

u r e
E t l ed o c t e n c h air ee n se m a l Ev an
’
g i l e .

La r ai s o n o u tr agé ee nf i n o u vri t l e s ye u x ,

La c h as s a p o u r j a m ai s d e s d is c o u rs s é ri eu x ;

E t dan s t o u s ce
,
s éc ri ts l a d éc l a r an t in f ame ,
1 80 BOI L E A U S ’
A RT OF P O ET R Y .
[ 126 - 143

E x ce
pt s catt e
a ri ng in t h ee pigram
Provid e d t h at by art and in d u et im e , ,

Th e y tu r ne d upon t h et hough t and no t th eri m e , .

Thus in a ll p arts disord e rs did abate5

Ye t quibbl e rs in t h ec ourt h ad le av et o prate ,

I nsipid j e s te rs and unpl e as ant f ools ,

A c orporation o f dull punning drolls .

Tis not b u t th at som e ti me s a de x t rous m us e

’

M ay wi t h advan tagea turn e d se ns eabus e ,

And on a w ord m ay t rifl ew i t h addre ss 5

Bu t abov eal l av oid th ef ond e xc ess ,

And t hink no t w h e n your v e

,
rs eand s e ns earel am e ,

W i th a dull poin t to t ag your e pigram .

E ac h po e m his p e rf ec tion h as ap art

T h eBri tish R ound in plainn e ss show s his art 5
T h eB all ad t ho u gh th eprid eo f anc i e
,
nt tim e ,

H as o f ten no thing b u t his hu morous ri m e5

T h eM adrigal m ay so f t e r p assions m ov e ,

P ar gr ac el u i l a iss a l e ntréee nl e i e
’
pg ra mm ,

P o u r v u qu e s a fi n e ss e
, éc l atant a prop os ,
R o u l fit l a pe
su r h s ée , et no n as s u r l e
p s m o ts .

"
A ins i d et o u tes p a r ts l e s ce
s d é s or d r e s s é rent .

T o u te
f oi s a l a c o u r l es T u rl u pi ns res te re nt ,

I ns i pi d es pl ais a ns b o u fio ns i nf ort u né s
, ,

D u nj e d em o ts gro ss i e r p ar ti s ans s u rannés

’
u .

Cene
’
s t p as q u e l qu e f oi s qu u nem u s eu n p e
’
u fine
Su r u n m o t e , n p ass ant nejo u ee , t n eb a d i ne ,

E t d u ns e
’
ns d é t o u r né na b u s eav e ’
c s u cc e s;

M ai s f u y e z s u r ce oi n t u n ri d i c u l e e x ce
p s ,

E t nal l e
’
z
p as t o u j o u rs d u ne p oi
’
n t e f ri v o l e
A i gu i s er p ar l a q u eu eu neé pi gr am m e f ol l e.
.

T o u t p o é m ee s t b ri l l a nt d e s a p ro p r eb e au t é

Lero n de au né gau l oi s a l a nai ve

, , te 5
La b all a d e as s e
, rvi ea ses v i eil l es m ax i mes ,

So u ve nt d oi t t o u t s o n l u s tr ea u c ap ri c ed e s t ime s;

Le m ad ri ga l p l u s s i m pl ee
, t pl u s n o b l een s o n to u r ,
1 82 B OI LE A U S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .
[ 1 62- 1 80

Or ofSe j anus fall t e lls t h eappro ac h 5

’

O r t h at h em ak e s t h et re m bling s e na tec o m e
To th es te rn t yran t t o re ce i vet h eir doo m 5
O r R o m an v i c ein c o arse st h abi ts sho w s ,

And p ain ts ane mpre ss re eking f ro m t h es t e ws ,

I nal l h ew ri te s app e ars a nobl efi re 5

To f ollow su c h a m as te r the n de sire .

Ch au c e r alon e fi x e d on t his solid bas e

, ,

I nhis old s tyl ec ons e rv e s a mod e rn grac e ,

Too h appy i f t hef re ,

e do m o f his rime s
O fie nd e d n ot t h em e t hod o f our t i m e s .

T h eLat in w ri te rs d e ce nc y n e gle ct ,

Bu t m od e rn au thors c hall e ngeour resp e ct ,

And at i m mod e s t wri tings takeo f f e ns e ,

I f cl ean e xpre ssion c ov e r not t h es e nse .

I lovesh arp sat iref ro m obs c e ne ne ss f re e ,

x

Not impud e n c eth at pre ac h e s m od e sty .

I l b ri s ed eS e
j nla ead or é e
a s t at u ,

Soi t q u i l f as s eau c ons e il c o u rir l es s é nateu rs

’
,

D u n tyr a n s o u p e onne u x pa le s ad u l a t e u rs
’
,

O u qu e p o u ssan
, t a b o u t l a l u x u r el a t i n e ,

A u x p or t e f a ix d eR o m eil v e nd eM e ss al i n e ,

Se s éc ri ts pl e i ns d e( en par to u t b rill ent au x y eu x .

Dece s m attre s s ay a n s d is c i p l e i n g é n i eu x ,

R égn ier se u l p ar m i n
, o u s f orm é s u r l eu rs m o d e le s ,

Da n s so n v i e u x s tyl ee nc or ea d e s grac e s n o u v el l es ;
He u re u x s i se ,s d is c o u rs c rai nts d u c h as tel ec teu r
, ,

Nes es e ntoi e nt d e s l ie u x f ré qu e nto i t l a u te u r

’

E t s i d u s o n h ar di d es e
, s ri m e s c yn iqu es ,

Il nal arm o i t s o u v e nt l e s or e i l l es p u diq u es !

’

Le l a ti n d an s le s m o ts b r av el h o nn éte té
’
, , ,

M ai s l el e c t eu r f rancois v eu t étreres pec té ;

O u m oi n d r es e ns i m p u r l a l i b e r t é l o u trage ’
,

Si l a p u d e u r de s m o ts ne n ad o u c i t l i m age
’ ’
.

e v eu x d an s l a sa tir eu n e s p ri t d e c an e r
J d u ,

E t f u is nu e fl ro n té qu i pré ch e l a p u d e u r
'

.
 ]
1 31 - 1 93 CA NT O 11 . 1 83

Ou r in m alic en e
E nglish , w h o ve r f ail ,

H enc ein La m poons and Libe ls le a rn to rail ,

Ple as a n t d e t ra c tion t h at by singing go e

, s
Fro m m ou th t o m ou t h an d a s i t m ar c h e
, s gro ws 5
O u r f re e do m in our po e t ry w es e e ,

Th at c hild o f joy b e go t by lib e r ty .

Bu t va in bl asph e
,
me r t re m bl ew h e ,
n you choos e
Go j or th
_ es u b i e ct o f y o u r i mp i ous m u s e ; 5
A t la st th osej e s ts w hich l ib e rt in e s in ve nt
Bring th el e w d au t hor t o jus t punish m e nt .

E ve n in a sb ng th e rem ust beart and s e ns e5

Ye t so m e t ime s weh aves e en th at w in eor c h an c e
Has warm e d c old brains and giv e n dull w ri t e
,
ttl e
rs m e ,

And f urnish e d ou t a sce n ef o r M r Se ttle . .

Bu t f o r o n elu c ky h it th at m ad eth e epl e as e ,

Le t n o t t h y f olly gro w t o a dis e as e ,

Nor think t hyse l f a w i t 5 f or in our age

I f a war m f an c y do e s so m etop e ngage ,

D ’
n trai t d ecc p oé mee
u n b o ns m o ts s i f e r til e ,

LeF ra n eo is né mal i n f orm a l eva u d e

, , vi l l e ,

A gr é ab l ei n d i s c ret qu i c o n
, d u i t p ar l e c h a n
, t ,

P ass ed eb o u c h ee n b o u ch ee t s a ccro l t e n m ar c h a nt 5
’

La l i b e rté f r ancoi s e en s es v ers sed é pl oi e;

Ce t e nf ant d epl ai s ir v eu t na ttred ans l a joi e .

T o u te f oi s nal l e z
p
’
as o
g g u
, e n a r d d a ng er eu x ,

Fair eDi eu l esu j et d u n b ad i nageafireu x ;

’

A l a fin to u s ce s je u x qu e l a th é i s m ee le ve ’
,

Co n d u is e nt t ri s te me nt l epl ai s a nt a l a G rév e .

I l f au t m é m ee n c h ans ons d u b o n s e ns et d el ar t 5 ’
, ,

M a is p o u r tan t o n a vu l ev i n e t l eh as ar d
I nspirer q u el qu ef oi s u nem u s e grossi e re ,

E t f o u r nir s an s gé n
, i e, u n c o u pl et a Li ni e re .

M ai s p o u r u n v a i n b o n he u r qu i v o u s a f ai t ri m e r ,

G ar d e z qu n n so t orgu e
’
il ne v ou s v i enneenf u m er .

So u v e nt l au t e ’
u r al ti e r d e qu el q u ec h anso nnette
A u m ém ei n s tan t pr e nd d roi t d esec roir epo é te5
184 BOI LE AU S OF P O ET R Y [
’
AR T . 199- 204

Heneit he
reat s nor sl e
eps t ill h eh as w ri t ,
Bu tplagu es th eworld wit h his adul te ratew i t .

Nay t is a w onde
’
r ii in his direrage
, ,

H eprin ts not his dull f olli es f or th es tage ,

And in th ef ron t o f al l his se

,
ns eless plays ,

s D avid Loggan c row n his h e

M ak e ad w i th bays .

1] nedorm ira pl u s qu il na i t f ai t u n s o nne

’ ’
t;
I] me t to u s l e
s m at i n s s ix i m p ro m p t u s au ne t .

En c or ees t cc nu m iracl e en s es v agu es f u ri e

-
, s ,

Si b i e nt6 t i mp ri m a nt s e
, s s o tt e
s r év e ri e s ,

I l nes ef a it gr av e r au devant d u r ec u eil

-
,

Co u ronné del au r i e rs par l a m a i n d eNanteu il .

1 86 BO I L E AU ’
S ART OF PO E TR Y .
[ 1 6 - 33

To m ov et h ep assions and inc lineth eh e art .

I f in a l abore d act th eple as ing rag e ,

C anno t our hop e s a nd f e a rs by tu rn se ngage ,

No r in our m ind a f e eling pit y raise ,

I nv ain w ith l e arn e d sc e ne s you h l l your pl ays 5

Your c old dis c ours ecann e ve r m ov eth em ind
O i a s te rn c ri ti c nat u rally unkin d , ,

Who jus tly t ire

, d w i t h your p e d an tic fligh t ,

O r f alls asl e ep or c e nsure s al l you w ri t e .

T h es e c re t is a t t en tion fi rst to gai n

, ,

To m o v eou r m inds and th e n to e nt erta ih

fi
Th at f ro m th eve
,
ry op e ning o f t h es c enes ,

T h efi rs t m ay show u s w h at th eau thor m e ans .

I m t ir e
’
d to se eanw on th es tage
That kno w s no t w h e th e r h es to laugh or rage5 ’

Who anintrigu eu nrav e

,
ling in v ain ,

In a d o f pl e
s te asing k e e ps m y m ind i np ai n .

I d rath e
’
r mu c h t h enause ous dun ceshould say

u r , l éch au fl ee
rc h er l e c oe
A i l l ech e t l o re mu e
'
’
.

Si d u n b e
’
au mou ve me nt l agré ab l ef u r e
’
u r

So u v ent neno u s r empl i t d u nedo u c eterr eu r ’

,

O u ne x ci t ee
’
u no t ream e u nep i t i é c h arm a nt e ,

E u v ai n v o u s é t al e z u n e sc e nes avante
Vo s f roi ds ra iso n ne me ns nef e ro nt qu atti edi r ’

n
U sp e c t a t eu r t o u jo u rs p a r e
s s e u x d app l a u d i r
’
,

E t qu i d e ,s v ai n s e f f or ts d ev o tr e r h é t oriq u e
J u s tem ent f ati gu é s endo rt o u v o u s cri tiqu e
,
’
.

Les e c ret est d ab o rd d epl aireet d e t o u c h er ;

’

I nv ent ez d es re s s orts qu i p u i ss e nt m att a ch e r

'
.

e e r e i ers ve l a cti o n p r é p ar é e
’
Q u d é s l s p m rs

Sa n s pe i ned u s u j et apl ani s s el entrée ’

.

e e n a c te u r qu i l e n s ex p ri m e
’

J m ri s d u
’
t a ,
r ,

De cequ i l v e
’
u t d ab o rd n
,
’
esai t p as m i nf o rm e r
’
,

E t qu i d éb ro u i ll a n
, t m al u n ep é ni b l e i nt rigu e ,

D u n d i ve
’
rtiss em ent m e f ai t u ne f ati gu e .

e m i e u x e n co r q u i l d é cl i n fit s on n om
’

J
’
a i m r o i s ,
34- 51 ] CA NT O III . 1 87

Downrigh t My n ameis H e , c tor in th eplay ,

’

Than w i t h a m as s o f m irac l e s ill joine d ,

-
,

Conf ound m y e ars an d n o t ins t r u c t m y mind , .

T h esubj e ct s ne ver soon e nough e

’
xpre ss ed .

Your plac eo f a c tion m us t b efi x e d an d rest , .

A Spanish po e t m a y w i th good e ve nt
I no n eday s sp ac ew holeage ’
s re pre se nt 5
Th e reof t t h eh e ro o f th ew and e ring s ta ge
Be gins a c hild and e nds th eplay o f age ,
.

B u t w e th at areby r e ason s rul eco n fin ed

’
, ,

W ill th at w i th art th epoe m b ed e sign e d ,

That uni ty of ac tion t i m e and pl ac e , , ,

Ke e p th es tagefull and all our labors grace , .

Writ eno t w h at canno t b ew i th e as ec on c eive d 5 1

Som et ru ths m ay b et oo s trong to bebe lieved .

A f oolish wond e r c anno t e n te rt ain 5

My mi nd s not m ov e ’
d if your disc ours eb evain .

You m ay re lat ew h at w ould of f e nd th ee e

y 5

E t di t J e‘
s u i s O r e
s t e o u b i e n A g a m e m n o n ,
’

Q u ed al l e r par u n tas d ec o nf u s e
, s me r vei l l es
Sans ri e n d irea l e s p ri t é t o u r d i r l e
’
s or e il l e
s :
,

Les u j e t ne s t j am a i s ass e
’
z t6 t e x pl iq u é .

Q u e l e l i e u d el a s c e ney s oit f i x ee t m arq u é .

Un ri m e u r sa n , s p é ri l d e la le s P yr e ne
, es

Su r l a s c e
,

nee n u n jo u r r e nf e rm ed e s an né e s;

La s o u v e nt l eh é ros d u n s pe c ta cl egross i er’

,

En f an t au p r e mie r ac te est b ar b o n au d er ni er , .

M ai s no u s qu el a r ais o n a s e
, s régl e s e ngage ,

No u s v o u l o ns qu ave c art l a ct i o n sem é n age

’ ’
;
Q u en u n l i eu q u en u n jo u r u n seu l f ai t acc o mpl i
’
,
’
,

T ie nnej u s qu a l a fin l etb éfitrer e

’
m pl i .

Jam ais au spec tateu r nofi rez ri en d i ncroyab l e; ’ ’

Le v r a i p e u t qu e l qu e f oi s nét re p as vr ai s e m b l ab l e
’
.

Un em erv e il l eab s u rd ees t po u r m o i sa ns appas ;

Le s p ri t ne s t p oi n t ém u d ecc q u i l n ec roi t pas
’ ’ ’
.

Cc q u o n n
’
ed oi t p oi nt v oir q u nn r éc it no u s l ex pos e; ,
’ ’
1 88 B OI L E A U S ’
A RT OF PO ET R Y .
[ 52- 7 0

Se eing ind e e d w ould be tt e r s atis f y ,

Bu t th e r eareobj e c ts w hi c h a c u rious art

Hid e s f ro m t h ee ye s ye t of f e rs to th eh e
, a rt .

T h em ind is m os t agre e ably s u rp ri se d i ’

,

Wh e n a we ll w ove n subj e c t long disguise

-
d , ,

You on a sudd e n artf ully un f old ,

And giv eth ew hol eano th e r f ac eand m old .

A t firs t t h eTrage dy w as void o f art ,

A song w h e ree a c h m and an c e

,
d and sung his p art ,

And of god Bacc h us ro aring ou t t h epraise ,

Sough t a good v in tagef or t h eir jolly d ays

Th e n wineand joy w e rese en in e ac h m ans e yes ,

And a f at goat w as t h eb e s t singe r s pri z e ’

.

T he spis w as fi rs t w h o al l b e sm e ,
ar ed w i t h l ee
, ,

Be gan this pl e as u r e f o r pos t e ri t y ,

And w i t h his c arte d ac t ors and a song

A m us e d t h ep e opl eas h epasse d along .

Le
s yeu x en l ev oyant saisi roi ent m i eu x l a c h os e ,

M ai s il e st de s ob j e ts qu el art j u d i c i e
’
u x

D oi t o fl ri r a l o re il l ee t re c u l er d es y eu x
'
’
.

Q u e l e t ro u b l e t o u jo u,rs c roi ss a nt d e s cé n e en s cé ne ,

A s o n c o m b l earri vé s ed é b ro u i l l esan s pe i ne .

Le
’
s p ri t n es es ent p oi nt p l u s v i ve me nt f rap pé
Q u e l o rs q u en n a
’
s u j e t d i n t ri g u e ’
e nv el o pp é ,

D u n se
’
c ret tou t a c ou p l a vé ri t é c o nnu e
Ch ange t o u t d o nn ea t o u t u nef ac ei m p rév u e
, .

La t r ag é d i e i nf or m ee , t gro s s i e r een nai ssant ,

N éto it qu u n s i m pl ec h oe
’ ’
u r o h c h ac u n e , n da ns ant ,

E t d u di e u de s r ai s i n s e nto nnant l e s l ou an g e
s ,

Se fl o rgo i t d at ti re r d ef e rti l es v endanges

'
’ '
.

La l ev i n e , t l a joi eév e il l ant l es esp ri ts ,

D u pl u s h ab il ec h a ntr eu n b o u c é to i t l ep rix .

The s p i s f u t l ep r e mie r qu i b a rb o u i ll é del i e

, ,

P ro m e na p ar l e s b o u rgs c e t teh e u reu s ef ol i e ,

E t d a ct e u rs m al or n é s c h argea nt u n to mb er eau
’
, ,

A in u sa l e s p ass au s d u n s p e
’
c t ac l eno u v e au .
 BO I LE A U S A R T O F PO ET R Y [ 33- 1 0
’
. 6

And raise d th elawf ul h e ro es o f th estage5

O nly t h eA t h e nian m ask w as l aid asid e ,

And Cho rus by th em usi c w as suppli e d .

I nge nious love inve nt ivein h e w ar ts

, ,

Mingle d in plays and q u ic kly tou c h e ,

d our h e art s ;

This passion n e ve r c ould re sistanc efi nd ,

Bu t kno w s t h eshort e s t pass ag eto t h em ind .

Paint t h e n I m ple ase

,
d my he
’
ro b ein lo v e ,

Bu t l e t h im n o t lik ea tam esh e ph e rd m o v e5

Le t n o t A c hill es b elik eT h yrs is se en ,

01 f or a Cyrus show a nA rta me ne5

That st ruggli ng o f t his passions w em ay f i nd
, ,

T h ef rail t y n o t t h ev irtu eo f his m i n

,
d .

O f ro m an c eh e ro es shun t h el ow d e sign ,

Ye t to gre at h e ar t s so m ehu m an f rail t i e s join .

A c hil e s m us t w i t h Ho m e r s h e a rt eng ag e
l
’

For ana flro nt I m pl e as ed t o se eh i m rage5

'
’

F it v oir decc proj et l a d évo tei m pru d enc e .

O n c h ass a ce s d o c te u r s p ré ch a n t s an s m i ss io n 5
O n v i t re nal tre He c tor A nd rom aq u e I l i o n;
, ,

Se u le me nt l e, s ac t e u r s l ai s sa n t l em as q u ean tiq u e ,

Lev io l o n t i n t lien d ec h oe u r e t d em u s iq u e .

Bi e nt6 t l am o u r f e
’
rti l een tend r es s enti m ens
, ,

Se’
m p ara d u th éfit reai n s i qu ed e s ro m a n s;

D ec e tt epass io n l a s e nsi b l epe i nt u r e

E s t p o u r al l e r au c oe u r l a ro u t el a p l u s sfire .

Pe ignez d o ne j y c onsens l es h é ros am o u reu x

,
’
, ,

M ai s neme n f or m e
’
z
p as d es b e r g e r s d o u c er e u x

Qu A ch i l l eaim ea u tr em e
’
nt qu eT h yrs is e t P hilé n e;
N al l e
’
z
p as d u n C yr
’
u s n o u s f a ir e n u A r t a m é n e ;
E t qu el am o u r s o u v e
’
nt d er e
, m or ds c om b at tu ,

P aroi ss eu n ef oi b l e s s ee t n on u n ev er tu .

De s h é ro s d ero m an f u y e z le s pe ti te ss e s;

T ou te f oi s a u x g ra n ds c oe u rs d o n ne z
q u e l q u es f o i b l ess e
s .

A c h i l l e d é pl ai ro i t m oi n s b ou il la n
, t e t m oins p o m pt ,

j
’
a i m e a l u i v oir v e r s er d e s p l eu r s p o u r u n a f f ro n t;
10
7 1 24
-
] CA NT O 1 11 . 191

Thos eli ttl ef ailings in your h e ro s h e art

’

Sho w th at o f m anand natureh eh as part .

To l e av ekno w n rul e s you c anno t b eallo we d5

M akeAgam e m non c ov e tous an d proud ,

{E n e as in r e ligious ri te s aus te re5

Ke e p to e a c h m anhis prop e r c h a r ac t er .

O f c oun t ri e s and o f ti m e s t h eh u mors kno w ,

F ro m di f f e rent c lim ate s d i fle re nt c u s to m s grow 5

'

An d s t riv eto shun th e ir f au l t w h o v ainly dre ss

,
'

A nan t iqu eh e ro lik ea m od e rn as s ,

W ho mak eold R o m ans lik eour E ngli s h m ove ,

Sho w C ato sparkish or m ak eBru tu s lov e ,

.

I na ro m anc ethos ee rrors aree x cu s e d5

Th e re t is e nough t h at re
’
a ding w eream us e, d ,
’
,

R ul e s to o s e ve rew ould th e reb eus e le ss f ound 5

B u t t h es t ri c t s c e
n em ust h av ea j u st e r bo u nd ,

E xac t d e c oru m wem us t al ways fi nd .

I f th e n yo u f orm so m eh e ro in yo u r m ind
‘

A e peti ts d é f au ts m arq u és d ans s a p e

c s i ntu re ,

Le s p ri t av ec pl ai sir reco nnott l a natu r e

’
.

Q u il s oi t s u r cc m od e
’
l ee u v os éc ri ts t r acé ;

Q u A g a
’
m em n o n s oi t fi e r s u p e,r b e i nt é,r es s é 5
Q u ep o u r s e s di e u x én é ea i t n u res p e ct au stére5
Co n se rv ez a c h ac u n so n pro prec arac te re .

De s s ié cl e s d ep ays é t u d i e
, , z le s m oe u rs ,

Le s c l i m ats f o n t s ou v e nt l e s d ive rs es h u m eu rs .

G ar d e z don c d ed o nner ai nsi qu ed ans Cl él i e

, ,

L a ir ni l e s p ri t f r a n coi s a l a n t i qu e I tal i e
’ ’ ’
, ;
E t s o u s de
, s n o ms rom ai ns f ais ant no trep or trait ,

Pe i ndr eCato n gal ant et Br u t u s d am eret .

D ans u n ro m a n f ri v ol e ai s é m e nt to u t s e x cu s e
’
;
Ce s t ass e z qu e n c o u ra nt l a f i c tio n am u s e
’ ’
,

T rop d eri gu e u r a l ors s e ro i t h ors d e sa i s o n ;

M ai s l a s cé ne d e m an d eu nee x a c t er ai so n ,

L é t ro i t eb i e ns é anc ey v e u t ét regar d é e
’
.

D u n no u v e e r o n n e i n v e n e v o é e
’
au p s a g t z u s l i
-
d ?
’
192 BO I L E AU S A R T OF P O ET R Y
’
.
[ 1 25- 1 42

Besureyour im ag ew it h it s e l f agr e e ,

For wh at h ef i rs t a pp e ars h es t ill m u s t b e

'

Af f ecte d w i t s w ill n aturally in clin e

To p ain t t h e ir f i gure s by t h eir ownd e sign 5
You r bully po e ts bu lly h e ro e s w ri t e5
Ch ap m an i nBu ssy D A m b oi s took d e ’
ligh t ,

And though t p e rf e
c tion w as to h u f f and f i ght .

W isenatureby vari e ty do e s ple as e5

Clo th edi f f e ring passions in a di f f e ri ng dre ss

Bold ang e r in rough h augh ty w ords app e ars 5

Sorrow is hu m bl eand dissolve s in t e ars .

M akeno t you r H e
.
c uba w i t h f u ry rag e ,

And show a ran ting gri e f u pon t h es t ag e ,

O r te ll in vain h ow t h erough T anai s bore

His se ven f old wat ers t o th eE Ux i neshore .
’

Th e sesw oll e n expre ssions t his af f e c ted no i se

, ,

S ho w s lik eso m ep e dan t t h at d e c l a ims t o boys .

I nsorro w you m ust so f t e r m ethods k e e p ,

Q u en to u t av ec s o i m ém eil s em o ntre d acc ord

’
-
’
,

E t q u i l s oi t j u s qu a u b o u t t e l q u o n l a v u d ab ord
’ ’ ’ ’ ’
.

So u v ent sans y p e ns e r u n éc riv ai n qu i s ai m e ’

, ,

Form eto u s ses h é ros s em b l ab l es a s o i m e - me

T ou t a l h u me u r g as c o n nee n u n au te u r gas c o n
’
;
Cal p re néd ee t J u b a p a rl e nt d u m é m et o n .

La natu r e e st e n no u s pl u s d i v e rs e e t pl u s sage 5
Ch a q u e p as s io n p a rl eu n d i f i é re nt l angage
La c o l e rees t s u perb eet v eu t d es m ots al ti ers ;
L ab att e me nt s e x l i u ee n d e s te r m e m oi n e
’ ’
p q s s fi rs .

Qu ed evant T roi e e n fl amm e Hécu b e d é s ol é e

Nev i e nnep as p o u ss e r u nepl ai nte am p o u l é e ,

Ni s ans rai s on d éc rir e e n qu e l ai f r e u x p ays

’

‘
P ar s e p t b o u c h e s l E u x i
’
n r eo o i t l e T a n a i s .

T o u s ce s pom e x a m as d e e i n f r i ole
’
p u x
p r s s o s v s

So nt d u n d éc l am a t e u r am ou re u x de s paro l e
’
s .

I l f au t d a ns l a do u l e u r
q u e v o u s v o u s a b ai s s i e z 5

P o u r m et ire r d es pl eu rs i l f au t qu ev o u s p l eu ri ez
, .
1 94 B OI L E AU S ’
ART OF PO E T R Y .
[ 16 0-
177

I nh en rr
t so m egre
a at at d e
ion of
sign
I nv ention art and f abl eall m u st join 5
, ,

He ref i c tion m us t e m ploy i t s u t m os t grac e5

All m u s t assu m ea body m ind and f ac e , , .

E ac h v i rt u ea di vi n ity is se en:
Prude nc eis Pall as Be au ty Paphos qu e , en5 ’

’
Tis not a c loud f ro m wh e nc eswi f t ligh t ni ngs fl y ,

Bu t J upi te r that th u nde rs f ro m t h esky 5

NO1 a rough s tor m th at giv e s t h es ailor p ain ,

B u t angry Ne p tun eplow ing up th em ain 5

E c ho s no m oreane m p ty airy soun d
’
,

Bu t a f air ny m ph th at w e e ps h e r lov e r drowne d .

Th u s i nt h ee ndl e ss t re asureo f his m ind

T h epo e t d oe s a t ho u sand f i gure s f i nd ,

Around t h ework his ornam e nts h epo u rs ,

And s tre w s w i t h lavish h and his op e ning f l o wers .

’
Tis no t a w ond e r i f a te mpe s t bore
T h eTroj an f l e e t agai n s t t h eLibyan shor e 5

Dn ai r pl u s grand e
’
u ncor l a po és i e é p iq u e ,

D ans l ev as t er éc i t d u n el ongu eac tio n

’
,

Ses o u ti e nt p ar l a f abl e e t vi t d e ficti o n , .

La p o u r n o u s enc h a nter to u t est m is en u s age;

T ou t pre nd u n c orp s u ne fim e nu e , s p ri t u n v i sa g e
, , .

Ch aq u ev e rt u d evi ent u ned i v i ni té

M i ne rv ee st l a p r u d e nc e e t Vé n u s l a be ,
au t é ;

Ce ne s t pl u s l a v ap e
’
u r qu i p ro d u i t l et o n ne rre ,

Ce s t J u pite r ar m é p o u r efl rayer l a terr e5

'
’

Un or aget e rri b l eau x y eu x d es m atel o ts ,

Ce s t Ne
’

p t u n e e n c o u rro u x q u i g o u r m a n d e l e s fl o ts ;
Ech o ne s t p l u s u n s o n u i d an s l a ir r e e n i ss e
’ ’

q t t ,

Ce st u n
’
enym ph ee n p l eu rs qu i s epl a i nt d eNar c iss e .

A in s i d an s ce, t am as d e n ob l es ficti o ns ,

Le po é tes égay e e n m i l l ei nvent io ns

’
,

O r ne e le v e em b el l i t agr and i t to u tes c h os es

, , , ,

E t tro u v es o u s 33 m ai n d e s fle u rs t o u jo u r s éc l os e s .

Q u E n
’
é e e t s es v a is s e a u x p ar l e v e n t éc a r
, t é s ,
 - ]
1 73 1 95 CA NT O III . 1 95

Fro m f ai thl e ss f ortun ethis is no surprise ,

For e ve ry d ay ti s c o mm on to our e
’
yes .

Bu t angry J uno th at s h em igh t d e , s troy

And ove rwh e l m th ere s t o f ruin e d Troy 5
Th at o lus w i th t h eh e ,
rc egodd e ss joine d ,

O pe ne d t h ehollo w prisons o f t h ew ind 5

Till angry Ne p t u ne looking o e r t h e m ,ain ’
,

Re buke s t h etem pe s t c al m s th ew ave s again , ,

Th e ir v e ss els f ro m th ed ange rous qu i cksand s s tee rs ,

Th e s earet h esprings that m oveou r hop e s and f e

ars .

W i tho u t t h es eorn a m e nt s be f oreour e ye s

T h eu nsin e we d po em languish e s and d i es ,

You r poe t i nhis art w ill al w ays f ail ,

And te ll you b u t a dull insipid tal e .

I nva in h av eour m is tak e n au thors t ri e d

To l ay t h e sean c i e nt ornam e n ts asid e ,

Thinking our God and proph e t s th at h es e

,
nt ,

M igh t act liket hos et h epo e ts did i n ve nt ,

Soi e
nt b or ds ri c ai ns d u n orageemportés ;
af
’
au x

Cene st qu u n
’
eave
’
nt u r eor d i nai ree t c omm u n e ,

Q u u
’
n c o u p p e u s u r p r e n a nt d e s t r a i t s d e l a f or t u n e .

M ai s qu eJu n on c on , s ta n tee u s o n av e rs io n ,

P o u rs u i ves u r l e s H o ts l e s re s te s d I l i o n;
’

Q u E f
’
o l e e n ,s a f a v e u r l e s c h assa
, n t d I tal i e
’
,

O u v r eau x v e nts m u ti né s l e s p ri s o n s d Eo l i e
’
;

Q u e N e p t u ne e n c o u rro u x s é l e van t s u
, r
’
l a m er ,

D u n mo t c al m el e s H ots m ettel a pai x da ns l air

’ ’

, ,

Dé l i vr el e s v ai ss e au x de s s yr t e
, s le s a rr a c h e ;
Ce s t 13 cc qu i s u r p r e nd f r a ppe sai s i t atta c h e
‘
.
, , , .

Sa n s t o u s ce s o rn e me ns l ev e rs to m b een l angu eu r ,

La p o é s i ee s t m or t e o u r a m p esa n
, s v igu e u r;

Le p o e tene s t pl u s qu u n or a te u r ti m i d e
’ ’
,

Q u nn f roi d h i s tori en d u nef a b l ei ns i pi de

’ ’
.

Ce s t don
’
eb i en vai nem ent q u enos au teu rs d e cu s ,

Ba nn i ssa nt d e l eu rs v ers ces ornem ens recu s ,

Pe nse nt f aireagir D i e u ses sai n ts e

, t se s
p pro h é te s,
1 96 B OI LE AU S ’
A RT OF P O ET R Y .
[ 1 96 - 21 3

T O f righ t po or re ad e rs in e ac h lin ew i th h e ll ,

And talk of Sata n Ash taro t h a nd Be ,

l ,
.

T h em ys te ri es w hi c h Chris t ians m ust b e l ie

ve
Disdain su c h shi f t ing p age an t s t o r e ce iv e5
T h eGosp e l o f f ers no t hing t o our though t s
Bu t p e ni t en c e or p u nish m e
,
n t f o r f aul t s 5
An d m ingling f als e hoods w i th thos em ys teri e s ,

W o u ld m akeour sac re d t ru t hs app e ar lik eli e s .

Be sid es w h at ple
,
as u r ecani t b et o h e ar

T h ehow li n gs o f re pining Lu c i f e r ,

W hos erageat your i m agin e d he ro fl i es .

,

And of t w i t h God hi m se l f dispu te s th epri z e?

Tasso yo u ll s ay h as don ei t w i t h appl aus e5
,
’
,

I t is n ot h e reI m e a n t o judg ehis c au s e ,

Ye t t hough our ageh as so e x toll ed his n a m e ,

His w orks h ad n eve r gain e d i m m or ta l f a m e ,

I f h oly God f re y in his ec s tasi e s

Had only c onqu e re d Sata n on his kne e s ,

s die
Co m m ece u x écl os c erveau des p oe
du te s ;

Me tte nt a c h aq u ep as l el ec t eu r e ne nf e r;
N o fi re nt ri e n qu A s taro t h Be l e b u t h Lu c i f e r
'
’ ’
,
z , .

D el a f o i d u n c h r é ti e nle s m y s te res terri b l es

’

D o r ne me ns é gay és nes o nt p oi nt s u s c epti b l e

’
s;

L Ev a n
’
gi l e a l e ’
s
p r i t n o f f r
’
e d e t o u s e S t é s

Q u e p é n i t en c e a f a ir e e t t o u r m e n s m é ri t é s ;
E t d ev o s f i c tio n s l em él a n g e c o u p a b l e
M é m ea s e s vé ri t é s d o n nel air d el a f ab l e
’
.

E t qu e l o bj e t e nti n a p r és e nt e r a u x y eu x
Q u e l e d i a b l e t o u jo u r s h u r l a nt c o n t r e l e s c i eu x ,

Q u i d ev otr eh é ro s v eu t r ab ais s er l a gl oir e ,

E t s ou v e n t a ve c D i eu b al a nc el a i : to i re! '

LeT ass e d ir a t o n l a f a i t av e
,
- -
,
’
c s u cc e s .

J e n e v e u x p oi n t i c i l u i f a ir e s o n p ro cés ,

M a i s q u i qu e no t r e s 1 e
,
o e l e a sa gl ir e p u b l i e o ,

I l ne
’
fi t p oi nt d es o n l i v r e i l l u s t r é l I ta l i e ’
,

Si s o n sag eh é ros t o u jo u rs e , n orai so n ,

1 98 B OI L E A U S ’
ART OF P O ET R Y .
[ 212- 249

Le
av et h e
m he ir pious f ollie ts to pursu e ,

Bu t l et our re as on su c h va in f e ars s u bdu e ,

And l e t u s n o t am ongs t our v a ni ti e

,
s ,

O i t h et ru eGod c re a t ea god o f li e s X .

I nf abl ew ea t housand pl e asure s se e ,

And t h es m oo th nam e s se e m m ad ef or poe t ry ,

As H e c tor Al e xand e r He
,
len Phyllis , , ,

Ulysse s Aga m e m non an

, d Ac hill e s; ,

I nsu c h a c ro w d t h epoe t we ret o bla m e

,

To c hoos eK ing Ch il peric f o r his h e ro s n am e ’

.

So m e tim e s t h ena m e b e ing w e ll or ill appli e d , ,

W ill t h ew holef ortun eof your w ork d e c id e .

W ould you you r re ad er ne ve r should b et ire d ,

Chooseso m egre at h e ro fit t o b ead m ire d , ,

I nc ourag esign al a n d i nv irtu ebrigh t ; ,

Le t e ve n his v e ry f ail ings gi v ed e ligh t 5

Le t his gre at ac tions our att e n tion bind ,

Li keCms ar or likeScipio f ram ehis m ind ,

D ans le
u r f au x z e
l eiro nt c h e ass e
r l ’
al l ég o ri .

La i ss o n s le s s ap p l a u d i r d el e u r pi e u s ee rr eu r ;
’
-

M a1s p o u r n
, o u s b anni ss o ns u nev ai net erreu r
, ,

E t f ab u l e
, u x c h réti e ns nal l o ns p oi nt cl a ns nos s o nge
,
’
s

D u Die u d evé ri t é f air e u n d i e u d em e ns o nge s .

La f a b l eo f i t e a l e s p ri t m i ll eagré m e ns d i ve
’
rs ;

La t o u s l e s n o m s h eu reu x s emb l ent né s p o u r l es v ets ,

Ul yss e A ga m e
, mn on O re s te I d om én
, ée , ,

Hé l e
‘

ne M é né l as P ari s He
, , c tor E née , ,
.

O l ep l ai sa nt p roj e t d u n p oé tei g n ora nt

’
,

Q u i d e t a n t d e h é ro s v a c h oi s ir C h i l d eb ra nd !
D u n se u l n o m qu e l qu e f oi s l es o n d u r o u b i z arr e
’

Re nd nu p o é m ee nti e r o u b u rl es q u eou b arb are .

V o u l ez v o u s l o ngtem ps pl air e et j am ai s nel ass er ?

-
,

Fai tes c h oix d u n h é ros pro prea m i ntéress er

’ ’
,

E n v al e u r éc l a ta n t e n ve rt u s m agni fiqu e;
,

Q u en l u i j u s qu a u x d é f au ts to u t s em o ntre h éroi qu e;
’
,
'
,

u es e s f a i ts s u r re nan s s oi e n i n e s d é tre o u ts ;
Q d
’
p t g
 — ]
26 0 267 CA NT O 1 1 1 . 1 99

And no t like( E d i pu s his p e rj ur e d rac e5

A c o mm on c onqu eror is a t h em etoo bas e .

Chooseno t yo u r tal eo f a cc id e n ts t oo full ,

Too m u c h vari ety m ay m ak ei t dull .

A chill es ragealon e w h e
’
n w rough t wi th skill
, ,

Abundantly do e s a w hol eI liad f i ll .

Beyour narrat ions li ve ly short and s m art 5

n
, ,

I your d e s c rip tions show your nobl e s t art ,

Th ere tis you r po e

’
t ry m a y b ee mploy e d .

Ye t you m u s t t ri vi al acc id e n ts av oid ,

No r i m i tat eth at f ool w h o to d e s c ribe

, ,

T h ew on drous m arc h e s o f th ec hose n t ribe ,

Plac ed on th esid es to se et h e ir a r m i es p ass

, ,

T h efis h e s s t aring t hro u gh t h eliq u id gl a ss 5

De sc rib ed a c hild w h o w i t h his li ttl eh and

, , ,

Pi c k ed u p t h eshining p ebbl e s f rom th esa nd .

’

Su c h obj e c ts aretoo m e an to s ta y o u r sigh t 5

Allo w yo u r w ork a just and nobl e r fl igh t .

Q u il s oi t tel qu eCe
’
s ar A l e x an, d r e o u Lo u i s , ,

No n t e l qu e P o l y ni c ee t s o n pe r f i d ef r e re .

On s e nnu i eau x e x l o i ts d u n c o n q é r n v l ir e
’ ’
p u a t u g a .

N o ii re
’
z
p oi nt u n s u j e t d i nci d e n ’
s t ro p c h a r g é :

L es e u l c o u rro u x d A ch ill e a v e c art m é nag é

’
, ,

Re m pl i t ab o nd amm e nt u neI l i ad eenti ére;

So u v e nt trop d ab o nd anc eapp a u v ri t l a m ati e
’
re .

Soy e z vif e t pre ss é d a n s v os n a rr at io n s;

Soy e z ri c h e e t po m p e u x dan s v os de s c ri p t io n s ,

Ce st l a q u il f a u t d e s ve rs é tal er l él égance;
’ ’ ’

N y p r é s ent e
’
z j a m ai s d eb as s e c ir c o n s tan ce .

N i m i te z p as cef o u i d éc ri v an l e s me r
’

q u ,
t s ,

E t pe i gnant au m il i eu d el eu r s fl o ts entr o u verts

,
’
,

L Hé b re
’
u sau vé d u jo u g d es e s in j u stes m ai tres ,

Me t p ou r l e
, s v oir p ass e r l es pois so ns a u x f enétres ;
,

Pe i nt l ep eti t enf ant qu i v a sa u te revi ent

‘
, , ,

E t joy e u x a s a m é r eo i f r eu n c a i l l o u q u il ti ent
’ ’ ’
.

Su r d e trop va i ns obj e ts c e s t arrét e r la v u e

’
.
200 BOI L E AU S ’
ART OF PO ET R Y .
[ 233- 235

B eyour b e
g inning plain 5 and tak egood h e e
d
T oo soon y ou m o u n t n o t on t h ea iry s te e
d ,

Nor te ll your re ad e r i na t hund e ring verse

, ,

‘
I sing t h ec onqu e ror o f t h euniv e rse .
’

W h at cananau thor af te r this prod u c eP

T h el aboring m oun tain m u s t bring f o rt h a m o u s e .

Mu c h be tter arew epl e as e d w i th his address ,

W ho wi thou t m ak ing su c h vas t pro m is e s ,

Sa ys in ane asi e r s t yl eand pl aine r se nse ,

I sing t h ec o m bats o f t hat pious princ e ,

W ho f ro m t h ePhrygi an c oas t his a r m i es bore ,

An d l and e d fi rs t on th eLavi nianshore .

’

His ope ning m u ses e ts n o t t h ew orld on fi re ,

And ye t pe rf or m s m oret h an w ecanre quire .

Qui ckly you ll h e ar h i m c e

’
le b rat et h ef am e
And f u tur eglory o f th eR o m an nam e ,

O f St yx an d A c he ron d escribeth efl ood s ,

And C a sars w and e ring in th eE lysi an w oods .

D onne
z a v o tre ou vrageu nej u s teé tend u e .

e e é oi l ee n i i e n e é
'

Q l h i m d fi
’ ’
u d u t s t s p t a t r a c t .

N all e
’
z
p as d é s l a
’
b o rd , s u r P é g as e m ,o nt é
Cri e r a v os l ec teu rs d u nev oix de to nnerr e
’
,

‘
J e c h a n t e l e v ai n q u e u r de s v ai n q u e u r s d el a t e rr e .
’

Q u e p ro d u ir a l a
’
u t e u r a p r é s t o u s c e s gra n d s c ri s ?
La m o n tagn ee n t r av a i l e nf a nt e u nes o u ri s .

O h ! qu ej ai m eb i e
’
n m i eu x ce t a u te u r pl e i n d ad ress e ’

Q u i s
, a n s f a ir e d a
’
b o r d d e s i h a u t e p ro m e ss e ,

M ed i t d u n t o n a is é d o u s i m pl e h ar m o n i eu x
’
,
x, , ,

‘
J e c h a n t e l e s c o m b a t s , e t c e t h o m m e p i eu x

Q d e b or ry i e n c o n i n l n ie
’
u i , s d s p h g s d u t cl a s A u so ,

Lep r e mie r ab or da l es ch am ps d e Lavi ni e .

’

Sa m u s e e n a rri va nt nem e t p as t o u t e nfe u ,

E t p o u r d o nn e r b ea u c o u p neno u s prom et qu epeu

, .

Bi e nt6 t v o u s l a v e rr ez p ro di gu ant l es m iracl es

, ,

Du de sti n d e s La ti n s p ro n o nc er l es oracl es ,

DeSt yx e t d A ch é ro n pe i nd r el es noirs torr ens

’
,
202 B OI LE AU S ’
A RT OF P O ET R Y .

All wi thou t t roubl eansw e

rs his inte nt ,

E ac h syllabl eis t e nding t o th ee vent .

Le t his e xam pleyour e nd eav ors rais e 5

To lovehis w ri tings is a kind o f prais e .

A po e m whe reweal l p e rf e c t ions f i nd

Is n o t t h ew ork o f a f an ta s t i c m ind 5

Th e rem u s t b ecar e and ti m e and skill and p ains , , , ,

No t th efi rs t h e a t o f in exp e ri enc e d brains .

Ye t so m e t im es a rtl e ss po ets w h e n th erag e ,

O i a w arm f an c y do e s their m inds e ngage ,

P u Ffed w i th va in prid e pre su m eth e y und e rst and , ,

And boldly t aket h et ru m p e t in t h e ir hand 5

Th e ir f ust ian m usee ac h acc id e n t c onf ounds ,

Nor cans h efl y b u t ris eby l e aps an

,
d bo u nds 5
Till th e ir s m all s toc k o f l e
, arning qui c kly sp e nt ,

Th e ir poem di e s f o r want o f nourish m e nt .

I nv ain m ankind t h eh ot brain e d f ool de c ri es -

,

t d es o i m ém ee
So n s u j e t -
e x p l i qu e
’
s arra5 ngee
t s
’

T ou t s an s f air ed app rét s s y p r é p a r e ai s é m e nt ;

’ ’
, ,

Ch a q u ev e rs c h aq u em o t c o u rt a l évé nem ent

,
’
.

A me z don c s es éc ri ts m ais d u n a m o u r s i ncé re; ’

,

Ce s t av oir p ro fit é qu ed es av oir s y ir e
’
l
’
p a .

U n po e m ee x ce llent t o u t m ar c h ee
, t s es u i t ,

Ne s t p as d ece s t r av a u x qu u n c ap ri c ep ro d u i t ;
’ ’

I 1 ve u t du tem ps d e s s oi n s; , e t cc p é n i b l e o u v rage
Jam a is d u n éc ol i er nef u t l apprentiss age
’ ’
.

M ais s o u v e nt p a rm i no u s u n p oe t es a n s a rt ,

Q u nn b eau f eu qu el q u ef oi s éc h au f f a p ar h as ard
’ ’
,

E nfl a nt d u n v ai n orgu e ’
il son es p ri t c h i m é ri q u e ,

F 1e re me nt p r e nd e n m ai n l a tro m p et t eh éro i qu e;
Sa m u s e d é r é gl é ee
, nse s ve rs v agab o nds ,

Nes él e vej a m a i s qu e p ar s au ts e
’
t par b o n ds ;
E t son f e u d é p o u r vu d es e
, ns e t d el e c tu re ,

S ét e
’
in t a c h aq u ep as f a u t ed en o u rri tu r e
,
.

M ais e n v ai n l ep u b l i c p ro m pt a l em é p ris e ,
r ,

D eso n m é ri tef a u x l ev e u t d ésab u s e r5

313 - 31 0] CA NT O 1 11 . 203

No branding c e nsure s canunve il his e ye s5

W it h impude nc et h elaure l th e y invad e ,

Re solv ed to liket h em onste rs t he y h avem ad e .

V irgil c omp are

,
d t o th e m is f lat an d dry , ,

And Home r und e rs tood no t po e try .

Against th e ir m e ri t if t his agere bel ,

To f u turet i m e s f o r just i c et h e y appe al .

Bu t wai t ing till m ankind shall do t h e

,
m righ t ,

And bring th e ir w orks triu m ph an tly to ligh t ,

Ne c te
gl e d he aps w ein b y ec orn e rs l ay -
,

Wh e ret h ey be c o m eto w orm s and m o ths a pre y5

Forgot in dus t and c obw e
,
bs l e t th e m re st ,

Whils t w ere tu rn f rom w h e n c ew efi rst d igre ssed .

T h egr e at su cc e ss whi c h tragi c w ri t e rs f ound

I nA t h ens f i rs t th ec o m e dy re nown e d .

T h eabu si v eGr e c i an t h e re by pl e as ing w ays , ,

Disp e rs ed his natural m ali c ein his plays 5

Wisdom and virtu e honor wi t and s e ,
ns e , , ,

Lu i -m ém e
, appl a u d is s ant a n m ai gr eg é ni e
so ,

Sed o n nepar s e s m ai n s l e nce ns q u o n l u i d é ni e

’ ’
.

Virgi l e au p rix del u i na poi nt d inv enti on5

, ,
’ ’

Ho m érene ’
nte nd p oi nt l a no bl efictio n .

Si c on t r ece t arrét l es i écl es er e be l le ,

A l a post é ri t é d ab o rd 11 e app e lle

’
u .

M a i s att e ndant q u i c i l eb o n s e
’
ns d er e to u r
R am e netri o m ph ans se s o u v r a ge s a u jo u r ,

Le u r tas au m a gas i n c ac h é s a l a l u m i ére

, ,

Co m b a tte nt tri s te me nt l e s ve r s et l a p o u s s i e re .

Laiss o n s le
-
s d on c entr eeu x s escri m er en r epo s ’
,

E t san
, s n o u s égarer s u i v o ns notrep ropos
s su cc e
, .

De s f or t u n és d u spec tacl et rag iq u e

D an s A th é n e s n aq u i t l a c om é d i ea n t iq u e .

La l eG r e c né m oq u eu r par m il l ej eu x pl aisa ns,

, ,

D i s ti l l a l ev e ni n d es e s tr a i ts m é d i san s .

A u x a cc e s in so l ens d u neb o u iTo nnejoi e

’

La s ag e ss e l e s p ri t l h o n ne u r, f u r e nt e n p roi e
’ ’
, , .
204 BOI L E A U ’
S A RT OF PO E T R Y .
[ 341- 353

We resubj e c t to b u flooning insole nc e5

’

Po e ts w e rep u bl i c ly approve d and sough t ,

Th at vi c ee x tolle d and v irtu es e t at n augh t 5

A Soc rate s hims e l f i nth at looseage , ,

Was mad eth ep as ti m eo f a sc of f ing s tag e .

A t l as t t h epubli c t ook in h and t h ec ause ,

And c ure d t his m adne ss by th epowe r of laws ,

Fo rb ad e at an y t
, i m e or a ny pl a c e ,

To nam eth ep e rsons or d e s c ribet h ef ac e .

T h estagei ts a n c i e n t f ury t hus l e t f all ,

And c o m e dy dive r te d w i thou t gall ,

By mild re proof s re c ove red m inds d i s e as ed ,

And sparing p e, rsons i nno c e n tly pl e as e

,
d .

E ac h o n ew as ni ce ly show nin t his ne w gl ass ,

And s m ile d t o t hink h ewas not m e an t t h eas s .

A m ise r of t w ould l augh at fi rst to fi nd ,

A f aith f ul draugh t of his ownsordid m ind 5

And f ops we rewi th su c h c areand c unning w ri t,

Ou vi t p ar l ep u b l i c
nu p oé teav o u é
Se
’
nri ch i r a u x d é p ens d u m é ri tejo u é ;
E t So c r at epar l u i d a n s u n c h oe
, u r d en u ée s ,

D u n vi l am as d ep e u pl ea t t ir er l es h u é es
’
.

En fin d el a l i c e nc eo n arréta l e c o u rs ;
Lem agi s t r a t de s l oi s e m p r u nta l es e c o u rs ,

E t re ndant p ar é d i t l e
,
s p oe te s pl u s sag e s ,

Déf e nd i t d em arq u e r l es noms et l es v i s ages .

Leth éatrep e rdi t s o n antiqu ef u r eu r 5

La c o m é d i ea pp ri t a rir es an s a i gr e u r ,

Sans fie l e t sa n s ve ni n s u t i ns tr u ir ee t re p r e nd re ,

E t pl u t i n no c emm e nt cl ans l e s ve rs d e M é nand re .

Ch ac u n p e i nt avec a rt d ans cc no u veau m iroir

, ,

S y vi t ave
’
c pl ai s ir o u c r u t nes y p oi nt voir ’
.
,

L av are d e
’
s p re
, mie rs ri t d u ta b l eau fide
,
le
D u n avar eso u v e
’
nt tracé s v so n m o dél e; "

E t m i ll ef ois nu f at f i n eme nt e
, x
p ri m é ,

M éc o n nu t l ep ortra i t s u r l u i m ém e f o rm é -
.
206 BOI LE A U ’
S A RT O F P O ET R Y .
[ 37 5-392

You t h h o t and f uri ous c anno t brook d e

, ,lay ,

By fl att e ring vi c eis e asily l ed aw ay 5

Vain in dis c o u rs e in c ons ta n t in de
,
sire ,

I nc e nsurerash in pl e ,
asur es all on h t e .

T h em anly agedoe s s te adi er though t s e njoy ;

Pow e r and am bit ion do his sou l e mploy 5
Agains t th eturns of f at eh ese t s his m ind ,

And by t h ep as t th ef u t urehop e s to fi nd .

De c repi t age s till adding to his st ore

,
s ,

For o th e rs h eaps t h et r e asureh eadore s ,

I nall his ac t ions k e e ps a f roz en p ac e ,

Pas t t im e se x tols th epre se

,
nt t o de bas e5
I n cap ableof pl e as u r es you th abu se ,

I no t h ers bl am e s w h at agedo e s h i m re f us e .

Your ac tors m ust by re ason b ec on t roll e d5

Le t young m e nsp e ak lik eyoung old m e nlike ,

O bse rvet h et ow n and s tudy we ll t h ec ourt ,

For thith e r various c harac t e rs re sort .

Un j eu neh o m m e
, t o u jo u rs b o u ill ant e c ap ri c e
d ans s
s s ,

E s t p rom pt a r e c ev oir l i m press i o n d es v i c es 5

’

E s t v ai n dan s se s d i s c o u rs v ol ageeu s es d és irs

, ,

R é t i f 11 l a c e ns u r e e
, t f o u d an s le s p l a i s i rs .

L agevi ri l pl u s m fir i n s p ir e u n ai r l s age
’
, , p u s ,

Sep o u ss ea u prés d e s gr a n ds s i nt ri gu e s em é n age

’
, , ,.

Co n trel e s c o u p s d u s or t s o n g e a s e m a i n t en ir ,

E t l oi n da n s l ep r és e nt r e r d e l v e n ir ’
ga a .

La v i e i l l ess e c h agri nei nc essamm ent am asse;

G a rd e n
, o n p as
p o u r s o i l e s
, t r és or s q u e l l ee
’
ntass q ;
M ar c h ee n t o u s se s de ss e i ns d u n p as l ent et gl acé ;
’

T o u jo u rs pl ai nt l ep r és e nt e t v an t e l e p ass é 5

I nh ab il eau x pl ai s irs do nt l a j eu ness eab u s e ,

B l fim ee eu x le s do u c e u rs qu el fig el u i r e f u se
’
u .

Nef ai te s p oi n t p arl e r vos ac teu rs au h asard , I

Un v ie il l ard eu j eu neh om m e u nj eu neh om m een vi eill ar d

, .

E tu di e z l a cou r e t co n no iss e z l a vill e ;

Lun
’
eet l a u tree
’
s t t o u jo u rs e u m o de le s f e r ti l e .
393- 41 0] CA NT O 1 1 1 . 207

Thus tw as gre at J onson pur c h as e d his re nown

’
,

And in his art h ad born eaway t h ec row n ,

I f le,
ss d e sirous o f th ep e opl es praise ’
,

Heh ad no t w i t h l ow f arc ed e b as ed his plays ,

M ixing dull b u fioo n ry w i t h w it re fin ed

’

And H arle quin w it h nobl eTe re nc ejoin e d .

Wh e n in th eFox I se et h etortois ehiss ed ,

I los et h eau t hor o f t h eAlc h e mist .

T h ec o m i c w i t born w i t h a s m iling ai r
, ,

Must tragic gri e f and po m pous v e rs ef orbe ar 5

Ye t m ay h en o t as on a m a rk e t pl ac e
,
-
,

W i th bawdy j e s t s am useth epop u lac e .

With we ll bre d c onv e

-
rsat ion yo u m ust pl e ase ,

An d your i n trigu eunrave d b ew i th e

ll e as e 5
Your ac t ion st ill sho u ld re ason s rul e s ob e y ’
,

Nor in ane mp ty sce n em ay losei ts way .

Your hu m bl es t ylem us t so m e ti m es ge n tly ris e ,

And your dis c ours es e n te nt iou s b eand w is e ,

Ces t p ar l a qu eM ol i r e
’
, i ll u s t r a
nt s e e
s éc ri ts ,

Pe
u t -é t red es o n art efit r e m p or t é l ep rix ,
Si , m oi ns am i du e
p p u l e e n ,
s e s d o c t e s p e i n t u r e s

Il ne ’
fit p oi nt f a i t s o u v e nt gri m a c e r s es figu re s ,

Q u i tt é p o u r l eb o u fl o n l agréab l eet l ef i n
'
’
, , ,

E t s an s h on t e a T é re nceall i é T ab a ri n .

D an s cc s a c ri d i c u l e Sc a p i ns e
’
nv e l op p e ,

J e ne r eco n n o i s pl u s l au t e
’
u r du M i sa n t h ro p e .

Lec o m iq u e e , nne m i de s s o u p irs e t de s pl e u rs ,

N ad m e
’
t p oi n t e u se s ve rs detr agiq u es d o u l eu rs ;
M a i s so n e m pl oi ne s t p as d al l e
’ ’
r dans u nepl ac e
, ,

D em o ts s al e s e t b as c h ar m e r l a p opu l ac e .

I l f au t qu es e s ac t e u rs b adi n e nt nob l e me nt 5
Q u e s o n n o e u d b i en f or m é s e d é n o u e a is é m e n t ;

Q u e l ’
ac ti o n ,m a r c h a n t o h l a r a i s o n l a g u i d e ,

Nes ep e rdej am ai s dans u nes c e nev i d e;

e n y l e h m bl e e d o x s ere l é v e11 ro o
Q u s o s t u t u p p ; s

Q u e
s e s d i s c o u r s p ,a r t o u t f e r t i l e s e n b o n s m o ts ,
 9 01 1 3 1111 3 ART or PO ET R Y .

T hepasd ons mu st natu reb econfine to d ,

An d sce ne s t o sce ne s w i t h a rt f ul w e av ing j oined .

You r wi t mu st not uns e ason ably pl ay,

Bu t f o l low bu s in e ss n e ve r le ad t h ew ay
, .

O b se rveh ow Te re ncedo e s t his evil shun

A car e f ul f ath e r chid e s h i s a m orous son 5

Th e nse et h at 3011 w hom no advi c ecanmo ve ,

Forge t tho s eord e rs and pursu ehis lo v e ,

T is n
’
ot a we ll drawn pi ct urewed is c ov e
- r ,

T i s a t ru eson a f at h e r and a lov e

’
, r , .

I l ik eanau thor th at re f or m s th eage ,

An d ke eps th eri gh t d e c oru m o f th estage ,

Th at al ways pl e as es by jus t re ason s rul e 5

’

Bu t f or a te dio u s droll a quibbling f ool , ,

Who with l ow nause ous bawdry h lls his pl ays ,

Le t him b egon e an d on tw o t re s tl e
,
s rais e
Som eSmithfie l d s tag e w h e reh em ay act his pranks, ,

An d mak eJ ac k Puddings sp e ak t o moun te

-
banks .

So i e i ns depass io ns finem ent m ani é e

nt pl e s,

E t les sc n e e
s t o u jo u rs l u n
’
e11 l au tr el i ées
’
.

Au ns d u ho nse
dé pe
x ns ga rd ez d epl a isanter ;
Jamais del a natu re 11 nef au t s écarter
’

np e eenc e
.

Co nte z deq u e
mpl e l ai r u red ans T r

Vi ent d u n ti l s amo u reu x go u rmander l im pru dence;

’ ’

Deq u e l air cet aman t éco u teses le co n s ,

E t co u rt ch e z sa m att rm e o u bl i e
r ce s c h an s on s .

Cc ne s t pas u n p ortrai t
’
u nei magese m bl a b l e;
,

Ce s t u naman t u n (i l s u n pErev e ri ta bl e
’
, , .

J ai mes u r leth e
’
atrea rt agréab l ea u te u r

Q u i,n sedifiame
sa s r a u x ye u x du sp e cta t eu r ,

Pl ait par l a raiso ns e ttle et j amais mel a ch e , q ;

u e
M ais po u r u n f a u x pl aisan t a gr o s s ié m éq u i v o qu e , ,

Q u i p o
, u r m e d i v e
rt i r na q u e l a s al e
,té ’
,

Q u i l s en a il l e s il v eu t 3411 116 1131 trét eau x m o nt é

‘ ’
,
’
. ,

A m u san t le P o u t Ne u f des ac s one tte s f a de s ,

A u x l a qu a is asse m ble s jou er se s m ascau de s .

210 BO I L E AU S ART OF P O ET R Y [
’
. 1 4- 33

O i t his ne w port i c o c ond e m ns th ef ace ,

And turn s th ee ntranc eto a b e tte r pl ac e ,

De signs thesta ir c as eat th eo t h e re nd .

His f ri end appro ve s do e s f or his m ason s e , nd 5

Hec om e s 5 th edo c tor s argu m e nts pre vail 5 ’

I nshort to fi n i sh this our hu m orous t al e

, ,

HeGal e n s dange rous s c ie

’
nc edo e s re ject ,

And f rom ill do c tor turns good arc hi te ct .

I nt his e xamplew em ay h aveour part 5

R ath e r b em ason ( tis a us e f ul art )
’

Than a dull poe t 5 f o r th at t rad ea cc urs e d

Admi ts no m e an be tw ix t t h ebe s t and wors t .

I no t h e nce
r s c ie s wi thou t disgrac e , ,

A c andid atemay fill a s e c ond plac e ,

Bu t poe try no m e diu m canad m i t ,

N0 re ad e r su fie rs anindi f f e re n t wi t ;
'

D6 52 deb atime ns parl ec om m eM ansa r d ;

D u n sa l o n q u on él év ei l c o ndam nel a f ace5
’ ’

Au v estib u l eob s c u r ii marq u eu neau trepl ac e;

A pp ro u vel e s cal i e
’
r to u rné d a u tref ae on
’
.

So n ami l eco n g o it e t m an , d e s o n m ago n .

Lem ae o nv i ent éc o u te app rou ve et 36 c orrige

, , , .

En fin po u r ab rége
, r u n si pl aisant p rodige ,

No treas sass i n r e no nc ea 5011 art i nh u mai n

E t d és or mai s l a re e
,

g l,ee t l q u e rr e it l a m
’
ai n ,

Laissan t d eG al i e nla scie nc esu s pe cte ,

De mée h tmt m éd e ci n d evi ent b o n arch i te cte .

So n e xe m pl ee s t po u r n o u s nu p récepteex c e ll e
nt
So ye z pl u tii t maqo n si c e s t vo tretal e nt
’

e
, ,

O u v r ie r e s ti mé dan s n u art n ce ssai re ,

Q u é e ‘
ri va i n d u c o m m u n et p o e t e v u l ai re
g .

es t d an s t o u t a u treart d e s de grés di flére n

‘

11 s .

O n pe nt av e c h on ne u r re m pl it l e s se co n ds ru n gs ;
M ais cl an s l art d a n e e e r e e
‘
i m d é i
'

g ro u s t i t t c r r ,

I l ne st p in
'

t t i ed e
o
g rés d u m é d i o c re nu p i re ;
u i di t f ro i d écri vai n di t d e s tab l ea u te
e
Q t u r .
34- 51 ] CA NT O I V . 21 1

T h eruin e
d station e rs agains t hi m bawl ,

And H e rri n g m a n d egr a d es h i m f ro m h i s s ta ll .

Burl e squ eat l e as t our l au gh t e r m ay e x c i te ,

Bu t a c old w ri t e r ne ve r cand e ligh t .

T h eCoun te r scu fli eh as m orew i t and art

-

Th an th es ti f f f orm al s t yl eo f G ond i b e rt .

B en o t af f e cte d w i t h t h at e m p t y prais e
Wh i c h your va in f l at t e re rs w ill so m e time s raise ,

An d whe n you re
,
ad w i th e c s tasy w ill say
, ,

‘
T h efi n ish e d pi e c e th ead m irabl epl ay
Whic h w h e n e xpos e
,
d to ce nsureand to ligh t ,

C anno t e ndurea c ri t ic s pi e rcing sigh t ’

.

A hundre d au thors f at e s h aveb e

’
e n f ore t old ,

And Sh adw e ll s w orks areprin t e d bu t n ot sold

’
.
,

He ar all t h ew orld 5 c onsid e re very t hough t ;

A f ool by c h anc em ay s tu m bl eon a f ault .

Ye t wh e n Apollo do e
,
s your m u s einspire ,

Ben o t i m p at i e n t to e xpos eyour fire5

B oy e
r e s t a Pi n ch én eégal po u r l el ec te u r;

On n el i t gu e repl u s R a m pal eet M es nard i ére

e M n o n D S o h i C or b i n e L a M orl i e r e
Q u ag u, u a t
,
t .

Uh f o u d u m oi n s f a i t rir e e , t pe u t n o u s égayer ,

M ai s u n f roi d éc ri v a i n nesa i t ri e n qu e’
nnu y e . r

J a
’
i m e m i eu x B e r g e r a c e t s a b u r l e s q u e au d a c e
Q u e c es v e r s M o t i n s e m or f o n d e t n o u s g l a c e .

Nev o u s eni v r e z
p oi n t d e s é l o g e s f l a t t e u r s

Q u nn am as q u el q u ef oi s dev ai ns ad m irateu rs
’

Vou s d onneeu ces réd u i ts prom pts a c ri er M ervei l l e! , ,

Te l éc ri t r éc i t é s es o u ti n t a l o re il l e
’
,

Q u i d an
, s l i m p
’
r e s s i o n a u g r a n d jo u r s e m o n t r a n t ,

Nes o u ti e nt p as d e s ye u x l er e gar d p é n é tr ant

O n s ai t d e c e nt a u t e u rs l av e
’
nt u re tragi qu e
E t G o m b au t t a n t l o u é gar d ee nco r l a b o u tiq u e .

If co u t e
‘
z t o u t l em o n d e ass i d u c o n
, s u l tan t;
U n f at q u e l qu e f o i s o u v r eu n av i s i m p or tan . t

u e u e s ve r s to u t e f oi u A o ll o n v o u s i n s ir e
Q q
’
l s
q p p ,
21 2 B OI L E AU S ’
ART OF P OET R Y .
[ 52-6 9

Nor imi tat et h eSe tt l e s of our t i m e s ,

Thos etun e f ul re a de rs o f t h e ir owndull ri m e s ,

Who se iz eon all t h eac qu a in tan c et h e y ca nm e e

t ,

And s top th ep ass e ng e rs t h at w alk t h es t re e t 5

Th e reis no sa nc tu ary you canc hoos e
For a d e fens ef ro m t h e ir pursuing m us e .

I v esaid be f ore b ep at i e nt w h e n th e y bl am e5
’
,

To al te r f or th eb etter is no sh am e .

Ye t yi e ld no t to a f ool s i m p e rt ine n ce’

Some ti m e s c on c e i ted sc ep ti c s void o f s ens e , ,

By t h e ir f als etas tec ond e m n so m efi n is h e

d p art ,

And blam eth enobl e s t fligh ts o f wi t and art .

I nvain t h e ir f ond opi nions you d e rid e ,

Wi th t h e ir lo ve d f olli e s th e y aresat isf i e d ,

And th e ir we ak judg m e n t v oid o f s e ns eand ligh t

, ,

Thinks no thing cane s c ap eth e ir f ee blesigh t .

Th e ir d ange rous c ouns e ls do no t c ure b u t w ound 5 ,

To shun th estorm th e y run you r v e rs eaground ,

Eu o u s l i eu x au ss it6 t nec o u rez p as l es l ire

t .

G ard e z v o u s d im i t e r ce ri m eu r f u ri eu x
’
-
,

Q u i d es e
, s v ai n s éc ri t s l e c teu r h ar m oni eu x ,

A b or d e e n r éci ta nt q u i c o nq u el esal u e ,

E t p o u rs u i t d es e s ve rs l es passa u s d ans l a ru e .

I l ne s t te m pl es i sa i n t de s an e r e ec é
’
, g s s p t ,

Q s oi t c o ntresa m u s eu n l i eu d es fire
u i té .

J e v o u s l a i
’
d éj a d i t , a i m e z q u o n’
v ou s c ens u r e ,

E t so u pl ea l a r ais o n c orri ge
, , z s an s m u rm u r e .

M a i s nev o u s r e nd e as d é s q u n n s o t v o u s r e ren
’
z
p p d .

So u v e nt da ns s o n orgu e i l u n s u b til ig nor a nt

P ar d i n j u
’
s t es d é g o fi t s c o m b a t t o u t e u n e p i e
c e ,

Bl fim e d e s pl u s b e a u x ve rs l a n ob l eh ar d i ess e .

Ona be au r é f u ter s es vai ns rais o nnem ens ,

So n e s p ri t s e co m l a tt d a n
p s s es f a u x j u ge m ens;

E t sa f oi b l er ai s o n d ec l a r té d ép o u rv u e
, ,

Pe ns e qu eri en né ch a p p e a sa d é b il evu e
’
.

Se s co n se i l s s o nt a crai nd r e; et s i v o u s l es c royez
, ,
21 4 BOI LE AU
’
S ART OF PO E T R Y .
[ —
88 1 06

W i t h ple asan t jo int h eu se f ul an d t h eso u n d5

A so be r re ad e r a va inta l ew i l l sligh t ,

Hese e ks as we l l i ns t ru c ti on as d e ligh t .

Le t al l your t hough ts to vi rtu eb eco n fined ,

St ill o f f e ri ng nobl e r f i gure s to ou r m ind .

I liken o t t hos eloos ew ri t e rs w h o e m ploy

,

Th e ir gu ilt y m u s ego od m ann e rs t o d e s t roy ,

Wh o wi th f al sec olors st i l l d e ce iv eour e ye

s ,

And sho w u s vi c edre s sed in a f air disguis e .

Ye t do I n ot th e ir s u llen mus eapprov e ,

Who f ro m all m o d e
,
s t w ri tings banish lov e
Th at st rip t h epl ay ho u seo f i t s c h i ef in t rig u e
-
,

And m akea m urdere r o f R od e ri u e

g 5
T h eligh t e s t lov e , if de ce n t ly expre sse d ,
!

Will raiseno vi c ious m o t ions in our bre as t .

Dido in vain m ay w e e p and ask re ,

li e
f 5
I bl am eh e r f olly w hils t I sh areh e r gri e f .

A v irtuous au thor in his c h arm ing art

, ,

P ar t o u t joigneau pl ai sant l eso l i deet l u ti l e ’

.

Un l e c teu r s age f u i t u n va i n am u s em ent ,

E t ve u t me t tr ea p ro fit s o n d i v e rt issem ent .

Q u ev o trefim ee t v o s m oe u rs p e
, i nt es d ans vo s o u vr ages ,

N ofl re nt j am ais d ev o u s qu ed enob l e s i m ag e
'
’
s:

Je n e p u i s e s ti m e r ce s d a ng er e u x a u t eu r s

Q u i d e l h
’
o n n e,u r en ve rs i nf fim es d és er teu rs
, ,

T r ah i ssa n t l a ve rt u s u r nu p api er c o u pab l e ,

A u x ye u x del e u rs l e c teu rs rend eR l ev i c eai m ab l e .

Jenes u i s pas po u r tant d ece s t ri s t e s e s ri ts

p
Q i b n n i n l a m o u r d et o u s c h as t e s éc ri ts
’
u , a ss a t ,

D u n s i ri c h eor ne me nt v e u le nt p ri v e r l a s cé ne
’
,

T r a i te nt d e m po i s on ne u rs e t R o d ri g u ee t Ch 1 m e ne
’

ne
.

L am o u r l em oi n s h on te e x ri m é c h as t e e n
’

, p m t ,

Ne ’
x ci te oi n
p t e n n o u s d e h o n t e u x m o u ve m en t ;
Di d o n a b e g é m ir e t m e t al er s es ch a rm es
’
au ,

Je c o n d a m n e s a f a u tee n par tag e an t se s l a rm e s .

Un au t e u r ve rtu eu x dans s es vet s i nnocens ‘

, ,
106 - 1 23 ] CA NT O IV . 21 5

TO pl eas et h es e ns en e eds not c orrup t t h eh e art 5

His h e a t w ill n eve r c aus ea gu il ty fi re

To f ollo w virtu et h e n b eyour d e sire .

I nv a in yo u r art an d v igor aree xpre sse d ,

T h eobs c e n ee xpre ssion sho w s t h ein f e c ted bre as t .

Bu t abov eal l bas ej e

,
al o u si e
s avoid a
, ,

I nw hi c h d e t rac t ing po e ts aree m ploy e d .

A noblew it d are s lib e rally c o mm e nd ,

And sc orns t o grudgeat his d e se rv ing f ri e nd .

Baserivals w h o t ru ew i t and m e
,
ri t h ate ,

C aballing s till agains t i t w ith th egre at ,

M alic iously aspireto gain re nown ,

By s tanding u p an d p u lling o t h e
,
rs down .

Ne ver de b aseyourse l f b y t re ac h erous ways ,

Nor by su c h abj e ct m e thods s e e k f o r prais e .

Le t n o t your only busin e ss b et o w ri t e5

B ev irtuous jus t an d in yo u r f ri e
, ,
nds d e ligh t .

Tis no t e
’
nough your po e m s b ead m ire d ,

Nec orrom p t p oi nt l ec oe u r e u c h ato u il l ant l es s ens ;

So n f e nall u m ep oi nt d e c rim i ne l l efl a m m e
’
u .

A im e z don c l a v er tu no u rriss ez en v otr efim e5

,
-

E u v ai n l e s p ri t e st pl e in d u nenob l ev igu eu r
’ ’
,

Lev e rs s es ent t o u jou rs d es b as s ess es d u coeu r .

Fu yez . s u rto u t f u yez ces b ass es j al o u s i es

, ,

De s v u l ga ir e s e s p ri ts m al i g n e
s f r én é s i es .

Un s u b l i m e éc ri v ai n ne n p eu t é trei nf ec té ;
’

Ce s t u n v i c e qu i s u i t l a m é d io c ri t é
’
.

D u m é ri teéc l a t a nt c e t tes o m b r e ri v al e
Co n tr el u i c h e z le s gr a n ds i n c ess a m m ent c ab al e ,

E t su r l e,
s pie ds e n v ai n tfich a nt d es eh a u ss e r ,

P o u r s égal e
’
r a lu i c h erch ea l er ab aiss er
, .

Ned e sce nd o n s j a m a i s d an s ce s l fich e s in tri gu es

N al l ons p oi nt a l h o nneu r par d eh onteu s es b rig u e

’ ’
s .

Q u e l e s v e rs n e s oi e nt p as v o t r e é t ern el em p l oi ;
Cu l t ive z vo s a m i s s oy e z h o m m ed ef oi
, .

Ce e rea r é ab l ee r m n an u n l i vr e
’
d é h d
’
st t t t
p u
g c a a s ,
216 B OI L E AU S ART OF P O ET R Y [
’ ‘

. 1 1 41

Bu t s t ri v eyo ur c onv e rs at ion b ed e sire d .

Wri tef o r i m m ortal f am e nor e ve r c hoos e ,

Gold f o r t h eobj ec t of a ge ne rous m use .

I kno w a nobl ew i t m ay w i t hou t c rim e , ,

Re ce iv ea law f u l tributef or his t i m e ,

Ye t I abhor t hos ew ri t e rs w h o de spise

Th e ir honor and alon et h e
, ir p rofi ts priz e ,

Who t h e ir Apollo bas e ly w ill d e gr a d e ,

And o f a nobl es c i e n cem akea t rade .

Be f orekind re ason did h e r ligh t displ a y ,

And go v e rn m e n t t augh t m ortals t o ob e y ,

Me n lik ew ild be
, as ts did natu r e s l aw s pu rsu e
,
’

Th e y fe d on h e rbs and drink f ro m rive

,
rs dre w 5
Th e ir bru tal f orc e on lust and rapin ebe
,
nt ,

Co mm it t e d m urd e r w i t ho u t pu nish m e nt .

Re ason at las t by h e , r al l c onqu e ring arts -

,

Re du c e d th es es avage s and tun e d th e ir h e

,
ar t s ,

M ankind f rom bogs and w oods and c ave ,

rns ,

I l f au t sa v oir enc oreet c o nvers er et v i v re .

T r avai ll e z
p o u r l a g l oir e et q ,u n n s or d i d e g
’
a i n
Nes oi t j am ai s l o bj et d u n il l u s tr eéc ri v ai n
’ ’
.

Je s a i s q u
’
u n n o b l e es pri t p e u t s an s h on tee, t s an s

T ir e r d es on travai l u n tri b u t l égi ti m e;

M a i s j enep u i s s o u fl ri r ce s au te u rs r e no m m é s
'

Q i d é fi é e g oir e e
l t d arge nt afl am és
'

d
’
u , g o t s , ,

Me tt e nt l eu r A p ol l on a u x gage s d u n l i b r a ir e
’
,

E t f on t d u n art d i v i n u n m é ti e r m erc enaire

’
.

A v a nt qu el a r ai s o n s e x l i u an r l a v oi
’
, p q t p a x,

E fit i n s tr u i t l e s h u m ai n s e fit e
, ns e i g né des l oi s ,

T ou s l e s h om m e s s u i vo i e nt l a gro ss i e r ena t u r e ,

D is pe rs é s d a n s le s b oi s co u ro i e nt a l a p fitu re5
La f or c et e no i t l i e n d ed roi t e t d é qu i té ;
’

Lem e u r t r es e xe rqo i t av e c i m pu ni té
’
.

M ai s d u d i s c o u rs e nfin l h arm o ni e u s ea d r e ss e
’

D e ce s s a u v ag e s m oe u rs a d o u c i t l a r u d e ss e ,

R ass e m bl a l e s h u m ai n s d an s le s f o ré ts é p ars ,
213 BOI L E AU S AR T OF P O ET R Y [
’
. 1 60- 1 77

I ne
asy nu m b e rs to ru dem e nc onve ye d ,

An d ple a singly t h e ir pre c ep ts did i m p a rt ,

F irs t c h ar m e d th ee a r an d th e ne ngaged t h eh e
, a rt 5
T h eM u se s t hus th e ir re pu t at ion raised ,

And w i t h j u s t grati t u d ein Gre ec ew e repraise d5

W i th ple asu r em o rt als did t h e ir w ond e rs s ee ,

And s acrifi ce d t o th e ir di vi ni ty .

Bu t w an t at las t basefla tte ,

ry e
,
n te rtai n e d ,

And old Pa rnassus w i t h t his vi c ew as sta ine d5

De sireo f ga in d az z ling th epo e ts e ye s ’
,

Th e ir w orks w e refi ll ed wi th f u lso m efiatte ri e

s 5

Th u s ne e dy wi t s a vilere ve nu em ad e ,

And versebe c a m ea m e rc e na ry t rad e .

De b as eno t w i th so m e an a v i c et h y art 5

I f gold m u st b et h eidol o f t h y h e a rt ,

Fl y fl y t h eun f ru i t f u l H e
,
li c onian st rand 1
Thoses t re a ms aren ot e nri c h e d w i th golde n sand ;
Gre a t w i ts as we l l as w a rriors only gain
, ,

Fu t , a l i d ed e
’
a s ve rs au x m ort el s anno ncé e;
,

E t p art o u t d e s e s ri ts s e
p s p r éc e p t es v a i n q u e u r s ,

I ntrod u i ts par l o reill e entré rent dans l es cm u rs

’
, .

P o u r t an t d he u re u x b ie nf ai ts l e s M u se s r évé r é e
’
, s

Fu rent d u nj u s teenc ens d ans l a 01 3ceh o nor e

’
e s;

E t le u r art at t ira n , t l ec u l ted e s m or t e ls ,

A 33 gl oir ee n ce nt l i e u x v i t d re ss e r d es a u tel s .

M ai s e nfin 1 i nd ige nc eam e

’
na nt l a b ass e sse ,

m ie
.

LeP a m ass eo u b l i a sa p r e r enob l ess e .

Un v i l am o u r d u ga i n i nf e c tant l es espri ts
, ,

D em e ns o nge s gro s s i e rs so u ill a t ou s l es éc ri ts ;

E t p ar t o u t e nf a ntant m il l e o u v rage
, s f ri v ol e s ,

T r af i q u a d u d i s c o u rs e t ve ndi t l e s p arol e s .

Nev o u s flétri ss e z
p oi n t p ar u n v i c e s i b as .

Si l o r s e u l a pou r vou s d i n vi n ci b l e
’ ’
s a pp as ,

Fu yez ces l i eu x ch a rm ans qu a rros el e P erm es s e5 ’

Cc ne s t p oi nt su r se s b or d s q u h a b i t e l a ri c h e ss e
’ ’
.

A u x p l u s sayan s a u te u rs c om m e au x p l u s g rands g u erri ers

, ,
 ]
1 7 3- 1 94 CA NT O I V . 219

Laur e ls and honors f or th e i r t oil an d p ain .

Bu t w ha t ? anau t hor c a n no t liveon f am e ,

O r pay a re ckoning w i th a lo f ty nam e

A poe t t o w hom f or t un eis unkind
, ,

Who wh e n h ego e s to be d h as h ardly din e d ,

Tak e s li t tl epl e asur ein Parnassus d re ams

’
,

Nor re lish es t h eH e li c onian s t re ams 5

Horac eh ad e as ean d pl e n ty w h e n h ew ri t ,

And f re ef rom c ar e
,
s f or m one y or f or m e at ,

Did no t e xp e c t his dinne r f ro m his w it .

Tis tru e5 b u t v e
’
rs eis c h e rish e d by t h egre at ,

And now nonef am ish w h o d e serveto e at .

Wh at canw ef e ar w h e n v irtu e art s and s e nse , , ,

Re ce iv et h estars propi tiou s i nflu e ’

nce ,

Whe n a sh arp sigh te d princ e by e

-
a rly gran ts , ,

Re w a rds your m e rit s and pre ve nt s your wan t s ?

,

Sing th e n his glory c e le bratehis f am e5 ,

Your nobl e st t h em eis his i mm ort al n am e .

Le t m igh t y Sp e nse r rais ehis re ve re nd h e ad ,

A pol l o n nep rom e t qu u n n om e t de s l a u ri ers

’
.

M ai s q u oi ! d ans l a d i set teu nem u s eafl am ée

'

Nep e u t p as d ir a t o n s u b s i s te
,
- -
, r def u mé e;
Un a u t e u r qu i r e é d u nb e oi n i m or u n
’
p ss
, s p t ,

Leso ir e nte nd c ri e r s es entrai ll es a j eu n ,

G o fit ep e u d H él i co n l e
’
s d ou ce s p rom e nad e s

H or ac ea b u s o n 3001 q u a nd il v oi t l e
'

s M én ad es ,

E t l i b r ed u s o u c i qu i t ro u b l eCo l l e
, te t ,

N a tt e
’
nd p as p o u r di ne
, r l es u cc e s d u n son
, ne t
’
.

Il e s t vr a i ; m ai s e nfin c e tteafl re u s e d i s g r ac e
'

R are me nt pa r m i no u s afll i gel eP am as s e .

E t q u e c ra i n dree n cesi e c l e 011 tou jo u rs l es b eau x arts

,

D u n as tre f av orab l eé p ro u v e nt l e s re r d
’
g a s ,

d u n p ri n
’
c e écl air é l a sagep révoyanc e
F ai t p ar tou t a u m é ri t e i g n or er l i ndigence?
’

M u se s d i c te,
z s a gl oir e2 to n s vos n o u rriss o ns ;
So n 11 0m v a u t m i e u x pou r e u x qu et o u t e s v os l e co ns .
220 BOI L E A U ’
S A RT O F P O ET R Y .
[ 1 95- 21 3

Co wl e y and D e nham s tart up f ro m t h ed e ad ,

Walle r his agere ne w an d of f e ri ngs b ring 5

,

O u r m onarc h s praisel e t brigh t e ye d v irgins sing

’
-

Le t Dryd e n w ith ne w rul e s o u r s tagere fin e ,

And his gre at m od e ls f or m by t his d e sign .

Bu t w h e res a s e c ond V irgil t o re

’
he a rs e ,

O u r he ro s glori e
’
s in his e pic v e rs e?
W h at O rph e u s sing his t ri u m phs o e r th em ain
’ ‘

And m aketh ehills and f ore s ts m oveagai n5

Show his bold f l e e t on t h eB a tav i anshore ,

An d Holland t r e m bling a s his ca nno n s ro ar ,

Pai nt E urop es bal anc ei nhis s t e

’
ady h a nd ,

Whils t th etw o w orlds in e xp e c tat ion stand

O f pe ac eor w ar t h at w a i t on his c o m m and ?
,

Bu t as I sp e
,
ak n ew glo ri e s s t rik em y e
,
yes ,

Glori e s w hi c h h e
,
av e n i t sel f do e s giv ea nd priz e ,

Bl e ssings o f p e ac e5 th at w i t h t h e ir m ild e r rays

Q u eCorne ill e p o u r l u i r al l u m ant s o n au dace

, ,

Soi t e ncor l eCor nei ll ee t du Cid e t d H o race

’
;

Q u eR ac i ne enf antant d e
, s m ir a c l e s n o u v eau x ,

D es e s h é ro s s u r l u i f or m et o u s l e s ta b l e au x ;

Q u e d e so n n o m c h a,n t é p a r l a b o u c h e d e s b e l le
s ,

Be nse ra d ee n tou s l i e u x a m u s el e s ru e ll es;

Q u e S e g r a i s d a n s l é g g u ee
l o
’
n c h arm el e s f o ré t s ;

Q u e p o u r l u i l é pgi
’
ra m m e a i g u i s e t o u s s es t r a i ts .

f
M ai s q u e l he u re u x au te u r d ans u neau t r e l né i d e
,
‘
,

A u x b or d s d u R h i n t r e m b l an t c on d u ir a ce t A l c ide ?
Q u el l es av antel yr eau b r u it d es es ex pl oits
Fer a m ar ch er ca c or l es ro c h ers et l es b ois ;
Ch a n te r a l eBat av e é p erd u d ans l orage
,
’
,

So i m ém es e noy a nt p o u r s or tir d u nau f r age

-
,

D ir a l e s b a t ai ll o n s s o u s M a s t ri ch t e nt e rrés ,

D an s ce s a fl re s ol e i l é cl airés ?
'

u x a s sa u t s d u

M a i s ta nd i s qu ej e p a rl e u ne g l o ir e no u v e , ll e
Vers cc v ai nq u eu r r ap i d eau x A l p es v o u s app el l e .

D éj a D6l ee t Sal i n s s o u s l ejo u g o n t p l oy é ;

 BO I L E A U S A RT OF PO ET R Y [
’
222 . 23 1 - 336

rve
A st ri ct obs e r of e ac h nobl efligh t ,

Fro m th efi negold I se parat et h eall ay ,

And show h ow h as ty w ri te rs so m e times stray 5

Apt e r t o blam e t h an know ing h ow t o m e
,
nd 5
A sh arp b u t ye
,
t a ne ce ssary f ri e
nd .

M ai s au ss i r do nnez
pa , s i, p l e
i n d ecc b e
a u z e
le ,

D et o u s v os
p as f am e o b servateu r f i d e
u x le ,

Q u el q u ef oi s d u b o n or j es é parel ef au x ,

E t de s au t e u r s gro ss i ers j attaqu el es d é f au ts ;

’

Ce nseu r nu peu f fich e u x m ai s so u ve

, nt néc e ssa ir e ,

Plu s e ncl i n a b l am e r qu esa vant a b i en f aire .

226 NO T E S .

2 15 . P u rpl ep atc h e s is u s e
d at l e
as t fiv et i m e
s i nSa i ntsb u ry s ’
H i story
th a nLi te
E l i z a be r a tu r e .

2 1 6- 18 . Byro n, Hi nts f r om Hor a ce

T hu s m any c ri b es i np o m p o u s s trai n
a b a a de
r s

T h ec l e
a r b roo k b a b b l i n g th ro u g h th eg oo d l y p l ai n ,

T h eg rove s o f G ra n ta a n d he r G ot h i c h a l ls ,

K ing s C o ll
’
C a m s s t r e a m s ta i n
'
ed w i nd o w s and o l d w all s ;
, ,

O r i na d ve
,
ntu ro u s nu m b e rs n eat l y a i m s ,

T o p ai nt a rai n b o w o r — th eri ve r T ha m es .

2 23 . Byro n, H i nts f r om Hor a ce

I nfi ne, to w h a tsoever y ou as p ire ,

t i t at l e
Le as t b es i m p l ea nd e
ntire .

3 24 - 31 .nd e rs i nth is m atter p ro c eed f rom th ec omm o nf ail i ng th e

Bl u ,

i nc apac i ty to av oi d o nemis tak ew i th o u t f all i ng i nto i ts o ppos i te O ne .

w an ts art e vento es c ap ef au l ts .
’

3 24—30 B yron H i nts f r om Hor a ce

.
,

T h eg reater p o rtionof th et i mi ng trib e

( G ivee a r m y f ri e,
nd f o r th o u h as t b e ,
na s c ri b e
e )
A rel e d as tra y b y s o m ep e c u l i a r l u re .

I l ab or to b eb ri e f be c o m eob s cu re;
On ef a l l s w h i l ef oll ow ing e le ga n ceto o f a s t ;
A n th e
o r s oars i nfl ated w i th b o mb as t ;
,

T o o l o w a th ird c raw l s o u af ra i d to fl y
, , ,

Hes p ins h i s s u b j e ct to s ati ety ;

A b s u rd l y va ry i n g h eat l as t e ,
ng ra ve s

Fis h i nth ew oo ds a nd b oa rs b eneath th ew aves !

,

3 31 . Lo ng i nu s , O u th e S u bl i m e 33 Bu t su p pos i ng now th at w e
as s u x iste
m eth ee nc eo f r eall y u nbl em i sh ed and irreproac h ab l ew ri ter
a .

I s it n o t w or th w h i l eto r a i s eth ew h ol e q u e s t io n w h e th e r i n p o etry a nd

p ro s e w e sh o u l d p r e f er s u b l i m i t y a cc om p a n i e d b y s o m e f a u l t s or a s ty l e ,

w h i ch n, e ver ris i ng ab ov em od erateel oqu enc e nev er s tu m b l es and nev er ,

r equ ir es c orr ec tio n? Le t u s tak e a n i n s tan c e: A p oll o ni u s i n h i s

A rg ona u t i ca h as g i v e n u s a poe m ac t u al l y f au l tl e s s ; an d i n h i s p as t oral

p o e t ry T h e o c ri t u s is e m i ne n t l y h a pp y ex c ep t w h e n h e o cc
, as io n a l l y a t t e
m p ts
an o th er styl e A nd w h at th en? W o u l d yo u r ath er b ea Ho m er or a n
.

A p ol l o n i u s ? O r tak eE ratos th enes and h is E nigm a ; b ec au s eth at l i ttl e

wo rk i s w i th o u t a fl a w i s h eth e , r ef orea gr eater po et th an A r c h il o ch u s ,

w i th al l h i s d i s or d e rl y pro f u sion? greater th an th at i m p etu o u s th at god ,

i f t e d e n i u s w hi c h ch af e d a ai n s t th ere s tr ai n ts o f l aw ?
g g , g
 3 32-
37 . esam ei n s c u l p t u r e I t i s e
I t i s th r to w o rk u p som e
as re .

de ta il s th a n to c o nc ei vea w h ol e B u t i t is as i n th e h u m a n f ac e: a
.

c rook ed nos es poil s t h eef f ec t of good ey es and h air .

’

—
3 32 35 P pe E s y n C
o
. sa o ,
r i t i ci s m 2 —
43 2 52 :
I nwi t , as natu rew h at af f e, cts o u r h earts
Is n o t th ee x a ctn e ss of pe c u l i a r p a rts ;
T is n o t a l i p or e y e w eb e a u ty c a ll
'
, , ,

Bu t th ej oi n t f or cean d f u l l re s u l t o f al l .

T h u s wh e nw ev iew s om ewel l p rop orti o ne -

d d om e
( T h e w or l d s
’
j u s t w o n d e r a n d,
e e n t h ineO R o mel )
'

, ,

No s ingl ep arts u ne q u a l l y s u r p ri s e ,

A l l come s u n i ted to th ea d m iri ng eyes ;

No m ons tro u s h e igh t or b read th or l ength app e ar ;

T h ew h o l eat on c eis b old and regu l ar .

3 38 - 45
.
‘
T h ek e
y l i e
s i nc h oo s i ng a su r pow ers O nc e
bj e
ct w i th i nyo u .

d o th at an , d y ou w il l no t f ail e i th er i nfind i ng pl enty to say or i n p ow er to

a rr a ng e i t . B y a rr a n g em e n t I m e a n k n o w i ng w h en to sa y a t h i n g w h e
n ,

t o om i t or p os tp o n ei t th ep o w er to p i ck and c h oose
, .
’

T h u s re nd e r ed b y Byron Hi nts f r om Hor a ce ,

De a r a u t h ors ! s u i t yo u r to p i c s to yo u r s tr e ngth ,

An d p on de r w ell yo u r s u b j ect and its l ength ;

Nor l if t yo u r l oa d b e f oreyo u requ i teaw are
'

Wh at weigh t you r s h o u l d ers w il l or will not b e ar , , .

B u t l u c i d O rd e r and W it s s irenvoic e '

A wa i t th ep oe t s k i l f u l i nh i s c h oi ce ;
Wi th nativeel o qu enceh es oa rs al o ng ,

G ra cei nh is th ou gh ts a n d m u s i c i nh i s s o n g .

Le t j u d g me nt te a ch h i m w is e l y to c o m b i n e
With f u tu repa rts th enow o m itted l ine;
T h i s sh a l l th ea u th or c h oo s e or th at re j ect, ,

P re c isei ns tyl ea nd ca u ti o u s to s el ect .

4 46 6 72-
.
‘
T h at m u st b ee xe r c i s ed i nr es p ec t of di cti on I t i s a v ery .

h appy k nac k to m ak eano l d w or d n ew b y a sk il f u l c o n

.
j u nc tion Y o u m ay .

al s o i nv ent w ords if i t b enec essa ry ; b u t i t m u s t b ei nm o deratio n a nd y o u ,

w il l do w e l l to go to G r e ek as yo u r w e ll s pri n g T h e o-
l d p o et s i n v en
. t e
d
w or ds w h y m ay n
, ot m od e r n? W ords l ik eo th er h u manth i ngs h aveth eir
, ,

d ay a n d pass an d c h an ge
’
.
,

4 46 5 59-
.Byron H i nts f r om Hor a ce
,

Nor s l igh t ap p l a u s ew i l l ca nd i d pe ns a f f ord

T o h i m wh o f u rn i sh e s a w an ti n g word .

T he nf ear not if ti s nee d f u l to pro du ce

'

, ,
228 NO T E S .

S o m ete
rm nk nown or ob s ol e
u tei nu s e , ,

( A s P i tt h as f u rn is h e d u s a w or d or t w o

Wh ich l ex i c og ra ph ers d ec lined to d o )

So y o u i n de e d w i th ca re b u t b ec o n
,
te nt
T o ta k eth i s l i ce ns era rel y m ay i nvent .

Ne w w or d s fin d c re d i t i nth e s el a t ter d a ys
If n e a tl y g ra f t ed o na G a ll i c p h ra s e .

W h a t C h au cer S pens er d id w es carc eref u s e

, ,

T o Dryd e ns or to P o p es m a tu re r m u se
' ’

I f y o u ca nad d a li ttl e s ay w h y n ot , ,

As we l l as Wi l l i a m P i tt a n d Wal te r S c ot t ?
Si n ceth e y b y f orc eof ri m ea nd f orceo f l u ngs
, ,

En ri ch e d o u r is l an d s il l u n i ted tongu es '

-
.

’
T is th e n a nd s h a l l b e l awf u l to p re se nt
Re f or m i nw ri ti n g as i np a r l i a m e ,
nt .

4 48 .A rist otl e
, R iz e
t 3 2: c ept ionw h i ch w eh aveinvi ew is
B u t th ed e . .

su cc ess f u l l y efl ected i f w ords arec h osenf ro m ordinary p arl a nc e, and com

b ined, as is th ep rac ti c eo f E u ipi d es and i nd eed is th ep rac t i c eo f w h i c h
r ,

h e w as th efirs t to se x am pl e
t an e Lo ok u p R u s k i ns c omm e nt o n
” ’
.

M il to ns b l ind m o u th s i nSe
sa m ea nd Li l i e
’ ’
s .

‘
T h e Ce
th ei c onc r et e ex p re is ss io n f o r th e a n c i ents
' ’
4 50 .
g a

( Ce th eg u s d i e d 1 9 6 ; H or a c e l i v ed B c 6 5 T h e b es t a cc o u n t o f . .

Ce th e gu s w il l b e f o u n d i n C i c e ro B r u t u s t 5 5 8 6 1 ( O u O r a t or
, y a nd .
-

O r a to s i n Bo h ns s e ri e a dd Ci c e ro Ou Old Ag e 1 4 50
’
r , s pp 2 7 7 ,
. , .

T h ei de a of h i gh gir t is w e l l il l u s t ra t e
- d b y th es t ate me nt o f Ca cciagu i d a ,

D an tes gr e
’
a t gr e at g ran - d f at h e r P a r ad is e 1 5 9 7 1 35 b u t es p ec ia ll y nz
-
, .
-
,

‘3 ‘
Be l l in ci o nBe rti saw 1 go b egirt
Wi th lea th er and w ith b o ne .

5 53 . Ci c e
ro ag r ees w i th Horac eo nt h is p oi nt ; cf . h is Li m i t: f
o Good
and E v i l 3 4 1 5 . . . eeD ryd e And n Di scou r seqf E p i c P oe
s t ry
, I wil l no t
ex c u s e b u t j u s ti f y
, m ys e l f f or o n
, ep r et end ed c ri m ew i t h w h i c h I a m l i a bl e
t o b ec h arge d b y f al s ec ri ti cs n o t on l y i n th is t ra n
, s l a t io n b u t i n m a n y of ,

m y ori g i nal p o e m s —t h at I Lat i niz et oo m u c h I t is tr u eth at w h e nI fi nd .

a nE n g l i s h w or d s i g n i fica n t a n d s o u nd i n g I n e i th e r b orro w f ro m t h e L a, ti n
no r any oth e r l angu age; b u t w h en I w a nt at h o m e I m u s t s eek ab roa d , .

I f sou n din g w or d s ar e n o t o f o u r g r o w t h a n d m a n u f a c t u r e w h o s h a l l h i nd er ,

m et o i mp ort th e m f ro m a f or e ign c o u ntry ? I carry no t o u t th etr eas u r e

o f t h en at io nw h i c h i s n e ver t o retu rn b u t w h at I b ring f rom I t al y I s pend ,

inE n g l a n d H e r e
. i t r e m a i n s a n d h e r e i t c ir c u l a t e s ; f or if t h e c oi n b e

g ood i
, t w ill p as s f ro m o n e h an d to an o t h e r I t r a d e b o th w i th th e li v in
g .
 NOT E S .

W h il s t m od es t C o m ed y h er vers ef oreg oes

For j es t and p u ni nvery m id d li ng p ros e .

No t e ns or Be
t h at o u r B au m on ts s h o w t h ew ors e

O r l os eo n ca u s et h e
ep o int b e y w ro tei nvers e
, .

6 7 5-7 8 . T h e f ol l o w i ng a cc o u nt of th e e
legy is l y b as e
l a r ge d u p o n
Ch ris t e me nts i n h is Ge sd n d z tea e i ec/z i s c/z e
’
n L i e ( M i ll e ’
'
’
s s tat r
g r t r atu r i r s

Ha ndbu c/z de f b l a ss z sd z e n A l te r t/ mm s l ss em c/z afl 7 9 2 f l cf G l e d i ts c h

' '

. . .
,

H a ndb u cfi 2 . T h ed e rivation o f th ew ord el egy is u nc ertain I f

‘
.

Gr e e k i t p ro b a b l y c o m e s f ro m t h er e f rai n é h é ye5 h é ye3 ( cf [ E s ch yl u s

’ ' '

, .
,

Ag a m . b u t i t m ay b eP h ry gi an Ca ri an or a nc i e , , nt A r m e ni an T h e .

e le g i a c m e as u r e w as fi rst de v e l o p e d as m e l o d y o n l y b e f or e w or ,ds w e r e
ad d e d ; and t h i s m u s i c w as origi n al l y th a t o f th efl u t e Lat e r th ep o etry
.

w as e i th er s u ng or rec i ted T h eu ni t o f el egi ac s o ng or r ec i tationw as t h e

.

d i s t i c h c o m p os e
, d i n dac tyl i c v e rs e I ts ch aract eri s ti c w as th es ec o nd
.

l i ne w h i ch c o n
, s i s te d o f a Hom e ri c h ex am eter ab b r evi ated at i ts m i d dl e
an d e nd T h is tr u nc atio ngav eth el i nea b rok e
. nc h ara c te r w h i c h adap t ed
i t t o th ee x pr e ss io no f gri e f th ep au s e
, s at th em i d d l ean d e nd r e p r e s e n t i n g
e i th er t h es il enc ew h i c h f ol l o w s a f rantic o u tb u rst o f s orrow or th ep rol o n ,

g a t i o n o f th e w a i l w i t h w h i c h s u c h a p a ss io n a t e e x c l am a t io n w o u l d c l o s e .

T h i s l i new as p r e c ed ed in th ed i sti c h b y a r egu l ar Hom eri c h ex am et er

, , ,

an d th u s th ec o u pl e t re r e s e n t e d t h e a l t er n a t io n s o f u n c o n t ro ll ab l e g ri e f
p
an d re l ati v ec om p o s u r e T h es ta t e
. l y flu e ncy o f th eh e x am e te r as c o ntras ted ,

w i th t h ei n te rr u pted ness of th e f o l l ow i ng p entam eter is w el l render ed i n ,

Col e ri dges tra nsl ationof Sc h i l l er s l i nes

’ ’

x am e
I nth eh e te r ris es th ef o u nta i ns s i l very c ol u m n '

I nth ep e
nta m ete r ay ef a ll i ng inm el o dy b ac k .

r ew as th eori gi no f
He ro p h e; th efirs t s tep to w ar d th ec reation o f
t h es t
th esta n z a w as t a k e n i n th u s f or m i ng t h ee le g i a c d i s t i c h Wh o e ver w as .

th ei n ventor o f th eel egy as a f or m o f po etry i t c ertai nl y origi na t ed i n ,

A s i ati c I o n i a T h ei nv entio nis o f ten attri b u t ed to Cal l i nu s ( first h al f o f

.

t h es e v enth c entu ry ) ; b u t i t m u st h aveb een ol d er f or h em anip u l at es i t ,

w i th to o m u c h s k il l to h av eb e enth eori gi nator o f i t .

A h i nte r es t i ng p aral l el to th eal ternatio n o f l o ng w ith sh or ter l i nes f o r

e le g i a c p p
u r o s es i s f u r ni s h ed b y t h eH eb r ew el eg y a s d e s c ri b ed i nD ri v e
r,s
’

I ntr odu ct i on to til eLi te r a t u r eo

f M e ol d T es ta m e n t pp 4 2 9
— 4 30 : T h e , .

v ers ei ts el f m ay c o ns ist o f o neor m orem em b ers ; b u t each m em b er w h i c h ,

c o ntai ns o nanav erageo f no t m or eth anfiv eor s ix w or ds i s d i v i d ed b y a ,

ca s u m i n to t w o u n e q u al p ar ts t h efirs t b ei ng u s u all y ab o u t th el ength o f

,

anor d i n ary v e rs em em b er th es ec o nd b ei ng d ec i d edl y sh ort er and v ery

-
, ,
 HO R A CE . 231

o f ten not p aral l el i n th o u gh t t o th efirs t A nex ampl eor t wo ev eni na .

,

t r ansl a t io n w i l l m ak et h ec h a r a c t e
, r o f th erh yth m apparent
Lam . 1 , 1 Ho w d oth th ecity s i t ol ita ry — s h eth at w as f u l l of p eO p l el
s ,

c omeas a wid ow s h eth at was g reat a mo ng th enati ons

S h ei s b e ,

T h ep ri n cess am ong th ep rovinces sh ei s b ec o metri b u ta ry, .

3
,
1 —
3 I u m th em an th a t h a t h s ee n a f fl i ct i o n—b y th ero d o f h i s wr a th
M eh ath h el e d an d c au s e d to g o — i nd a rk n e s s and n o t i nl ig h t

S u re
l y agai n s t m eh ee ve r tu rneth h is h and all th ecl ay .

mb e
T h efirs t m e r, i nstead o f b ei ng b al anc ed and rei nf or c ed b y th e
se c ond ( as i s ordi nari l y th ec as ei nHeb r ew poetry ) i s ec h oed b y i t i m per ,

fe ctl y so th at i t s e
, e m s as i t w e
, r e to d i eaw ay i n it and a pl ai nti ve m el
, , ,

an ch o l y c a d e nc eis th u s p rod u c e d . I t i s m or e o ver t o b eob s erv ed

, ,

th at t h erh y th m s e e ms to b e ch os e n i nte nt io nal l y f or i n th ec onte , x t th e

or d i n a ry p o e ti c al rh y th m w i th v e , rs em emb ers o f eq u al l ength is as a ru l e

-
, , ,

e m pl oy e d . P rob ab l y al s o th ee le gi a c r h yt h m w h i c h h as b e e nd e s c ri b ed
w as a cc o m pan i ed b y a c orresp o nd i ng pl ai nti vem el od y and in any cas eit ,

w as c o n ne c ted w ith m o u r nf u l ass o c i ations . E x qu isi t eas i s th ep ath os

w h i ch b re a th e s i n th ep o e t ry of th e s e d irge s th e y areth u s i t app ears
, , ,

c ons tr u cted w i th c o ns c io u s art T h ey arenot th eu nstu died ef f u s ions o f

.

nat u ral e m o tio n th e ,y arec aref u l l y el ab o rated p oems ”

.

T h el an g g
u a e o f t h e e a r l i e r e l e g i e s w as d e c i d edl y H o m e ri c A cc or d .

in g t o S ym o n d s ( G re e k P o et s 1 . t h ee l e g i a c m e tr e w as fi r s t u s e d t o
“

ex p re ss t h ee m ot io n s o f l o vean d s orrow an d a f te
, rw ards c ameto b eth e
veh i cl eo f m oral s enti ment and al l s trong f ee l in g C a l li n u s. a n d T yr tae u s

a d a pt e d t h ee le g y t o s o n g s o f b a tt l e S o l
. o n c o ns igned h is w isd om to i ts
c o u pl ets and u s ed it as a tru mp et f o r aw ak eni ng th ez eal o f A th ens agains t
,

he r t yr a n ts M im n
. e rtn u s co n fin ed th e me t r eto i ts m ore p l ai n t i vem e lo
die s an
, d m ad ei t t h em o u th p i e c eo f l a mentations o v er th efl eeti ng b eau ty
o f yo u th a n d th e e v il s o f ol d age I n T h eo gnis th eel egy tak es w i der
.

s c op e Heu s e
. s i t al i k e f o r s a t ir e a n d in v ec ti ve f o r prec ept f or au to , ,

b io gr a ph i c gr u mb l i n gs f o r p ol i t i c al d i s c o u rs e
, s an d f o r ph il o s o p h i c al
,

a p o th e g m s A n d agai n( 1 68 ) T h re ep e rio ds m ay b em ark ed i n th e

vel opm ent o f th eearl y Gr eek el egi ac p oetry —th emartial th eeroti c
. .

de , , ,

an d th egn om i c ”
.

T h eori gi n al e le g y o f l am en t at io n g a v e ri s e t o t h e e p i g r a m w h i c h w as ,

o rigi nal l y anep i taph A l l i ed to th eero ti c w as th es ym pos iac or d ri nk i ng

.
,

son g . E ro t i c e l eg y w a s r e v i v e d i n th e A l e x a nd ri a n p e rio d a n d t oo k ,

on a l e arn e d c as t T h em os t f a m o u s c om po s e
. r o f th el att er s p ec i es i s
Cal l i mac h u s F rom A l e
. x an d ri a i t pas s e d to R o m ewh e rew efind i t repre
,
232 NOT E S .

s ente
d b y P rope
rt i u s, Cat u ll u s , a nd O v i d . le
T h ee gi a c m e
as u reh as b een
b u t l i ttl ec u l ti vat e
d i nE ngl i s h . T h efirs t w h o
end e av or e d to repro d u c ei t
w as Si r P h il ip Sid n e y inh is A r ca d i a I no u r t im eit h as b een attem pted
, .

b y Sw in b u rn e in th e p oe , m e nt i tl e d He s e
p ria w h i ch al s o h as al te , r na te
ri m e s , an d th e r ef ored oe s n ot r e p r e s e n t t h e m eas u r e i n i t s p u ri t y T he .

mos t f am o u s o f m od e rne le g i e s a r e t h e R o m a nE l ei e
g : o f G o e t h e '
.

T h ec h ara ct e r of th eGr eek el egy is w ell s u m med u p b y M ab afly Hi st '

, .

Gr e e k L i t 1 1 58 : . Pe. rh aps th ereareth r eepoi nts and th reep oi nts onl y , ,

w h i c h m ay b e cal l e d pe rm anent f eat u res i n el egia c po etry I n th efirs t .

l ac e i t is p e r son a l s u bj e c t i v e as t h eG e r m an s c a ll i t n d t h i f e t r e
p , , a s a u ,

c om e s o u t pl a i n ly e no u gh e venw h ereth ep oet is d is c u ss i ng p u b l i c topi c s ,

as i nSo l o ns e le g i’
es or n a rr a t i ng p
, e i c m y t h s as A n t im a c h u s, i n h i s L y a ’c .

E ve nth e s ew e res t ri c tl y perso nal p o em s I nth es ec o nd pl ac e i t i s al m os t .

,

al w ays se cu l a r rel igio u s po et ry b ei ng eith er h ex am eter or st ri ctl y l yri c i n

,

f orm . T h ird l y i t is I on i c an
, d e x c e t i nt h ec as eo f
p , e pgi r a m s or e i
p p s t a h ,

w h i ch areal w a ys o f a l o c al c ol or i s re s t ri c t e d to th ed i al e
, c t w h erei t firs t
aros e
”
.

6 79 F o r A rc h i l o c h u s , se
. eSy m o nds G r e e k P oe ts 1 98 1 04
,
- M ah al f y ’
. .

says Hi st G r e
,
e.k Li t 1 1 59 : I nc o a rs e
. . ne ss t e rs e ne ss an d b i tte
, r ne ss h e ,

m ay j u s tl y b ec al l e d t h eSwi f t o f G r e e k Li t e r at u r e ”
.

6 7 9 - 7 82 T h er e . m ar ks o f A ri sto tl ea n d Qu in til ian o n t h ei am b i c wi l l

se rv et o e l u c i dat eth e sel i n e s A ri s t o tl e P oe . t 4 9: I nth e

, s e[ t h eM a r
. .

g i t es a n d t h e l i k e] t h e iamb i c m e t r e a p p ro p ri a t e l y appe ars a sa t ir eb e i n g ,

now cal l e d a ni amb i c p o e m be cau s ei t w as i nth is m etr eth at th ey s atiri z ed

e a ch o th e r ; and s omeo f th eol d p o ets b ec am ew ri ters of h eroi cs so meo f ,

i am b i c s ”
P oe. t 24 5: T h ei am b i c and tro ch ai c a rel i ve
. . l y me t re s th e ,

on es u i te d f o r ac tio n th eo th e r f or danc i ng
,
”
P oe t 4 14 : . T h em e t re
. .

e r c h n e d f ro m ro c h ai c t e r am e e r o i am b i c t ri m e e r
[ o f t h d a m a ] w as a g t t t t t .

A t th efi rs t th etro c h ai c w as u s e d th ro u gh i ts b e i ng pro per to Satyri c

d r a m as a n d be
, t te r s u i ted f or d anc i ng ; b u t w h en styl earos e Nat u reh er ,

se l f di s c ov e r ed th e prop er m et re t h e i amb i c b ei ng of all m etr es th e ,

m os t l i k epro s e as i s p ro v e d b y th e f a c t t h a t i n c o n
,
v ersationw i t h eac h
o th er w eempl oy i am b i cs mos t o f al l m etres h ex am eter s el do m a nd o nl y , ,

whe n w e de p a rt f ro m th e h a r m o n y of p ro s e ”
A ris t o t l e R it a 3 . 1 , . .

T h es tyl e s o f p ro sean d o f p oe t ry b e i ng di sti nct as i s sh ow nb y th e ,

f ac t th at th ew rite rs o f traged i es th em s el ves h av ec eased to u seth ep oeti c al

s tyl eas o n c eth ey di d a nd th at as th ey p ass ed f rom th etet ram eter to th e
, ,

i amb i c m easu reas b eing th em etrew h i ch b ea rs th ecl os est r es emb l anc eto
,

p ro s e ”
e
, t c . R /zd 3 8 : T h e i a m
. b
. i c r h y t h m o n t h e o t h e r h a n d , i s ,

t h ev e ry dic tion of ordi na ry l i f e and i s th er ef oreof all metre , s t h em os t

234 NOT E S .

7 94 . Cl z r e
mes . A ch arac ter i nth eS elf T or m m tor of Ter enc e T h e
.

p a ssa ger e rr ed to i s
fe p ro b a b l y A ct 5 Sc e
n e4 , .

8 96 Wh o w e
. r eT e lep h u s a nd P e l e u s?

8 99 1 05 Byro n
-
, H i
. nt: f r om H or a ce
‘
T is no t e nou g h y eb a rds w ith a l l you r art
, ,

T o po l i s h p o e ms th ey m u s t to u ch th eh ea rt
,

Wh ereer th es ceneh ela i d w h ateer th es ong

’

,
’

t it b e
S ti l l l e a r th eh e a rer s s ou l a l o ng ; '

C o m m an d you r au d ie nc eor to s m i l eor we e p ,

W h i ch ee r m ay p l e as ey o u an yt h ing b u t s l eep
’
.

T h epo e t gai n s o u r tears ; b u t b y h i s l e a ve , ,

Be f oreI s h e d th e m le t m es e eh i m gri eve , .

I f b an ish ed R om eo f eigned no r si gh nor tea r ,

Lu l l e d b y hi s l angu or I s h ou l d s l e ep or s ne er , .

8 99 . Cf . A ri s t otl e
, R izal .
3 7 . : T h e c ond i t ions of ro
p p ri e
t y i n a

sp eec h areth at th es tyl es h o u an d et h i c al a nl d b ee

d at t h esam e
m ot io nal
t i m e p ro p or t io nat e t o t h e s u b j e
c t m at ter A l i st e ner i s al w a y s i n -
.

s y m p ath y w i th ane m o ti o nal s p eak e r even t h o u gh wh at h esays is w h ol l y ,

w orth l e
ss .
”

8 1 00 . vi dentl y
Hor ac eis e c ri ti c iz i ng poems w h i c h are
Fau l ti l y f a u l tl ess i ci l y reg u la r s p l endid l y nu ll
, , ,

Dead pe rf ecti on no m o re , .

8 1 08- 9 1 13 . Byro n, Hi nts f r om H or a ce

For natu ref orm d at fi rs t th einw ard man
'

An d a c t or s c o p y na t u r e — w h en t h e y ca n .

S h eb i d s th eb e a ti ng he a rt w i th rap tu reb o u n d
R ai s ed to th es ta rs or l e vel ed wi th th egro u nd ;
,

An d f or e x p re s s io ns a i d ti s s aid or s u n
' '

g , ,

S h e ga v e o u r m i nd s i nte rp r e t
’
e
r — th e t o ngu e ;
W h o w ornwi th u s e o f l a tew o u l d f a i nd is pen
, , se

( A t l eas t i n t h e a tr es ) w i th c o m m o n s ens e ,

Oe rw h e l m wi th s o u n d th eb o x e s gal l e ry p i t
’

, , ,

An d rais ea l a u gh w i th a n yt h i ng —b u t w it .

9 1 1 5- 1 1 6 . E x am pl e
s of al l th e
s ea ref o u nd , f or ex am pl e i n ,

1 1 9—101 27 In s pe
re ct e m ay f oll o w t ra d i tio n or
‘
9 . of ch a r a ct r s y o u

i nvent . I ne
ith er caseyou h aveyo u
r l a w T ra d i tional c h a ra cters m u s t .

ke e p th eir t r a di t io n atu r e
al f e s New l y in v e
n t e
d o n es m u s t b e c on s iste
. nt

w i t h th eir o w ni de a .
’
 HO R A CE . 235

H i nts fi om Hor a ce '

o o co m m onf am e or f orgea p l ot
O r f ll w , .

W h o c a re s if m i m ic h e roes l ived or no t
On ep re c ep t s erves to regu l a teth es cene
M ak eit a pp e a r as i f i t m igh t h aveb e en .

I f s o m eD raw ca ns ir y o u as p ireto d raw ,

P re se nt h i m raving a nd ab ov eal l l aw ;
I f f em al ef u ri es i ny u r s ch em ea rep l a nned o ,

M acb e th s fi e rced a m ei s r e a d y t o yo u r h a n d;
'

F o r te a rs a n d t re a c h ey f o r goo d an r d e vi l
, ,

Con s ta n ce K i n g,
R i c h a r d H a m l e t a nd t h eDe,
vi l ! ,

Bu t i f a n e w de s i gny o u d a ree s s ay ,

An d f re e l y wa n de r f ro m th eb eatenw ay ,

T ru eto yo u r ch a ra c te rs ti l l a l l b ep as t ,

P re se rvec o n s i s te ncy f o m fi rs t to l as t r .

9 1 19 ii . For th ew h l es u b o j ec t of a nc i e
nt pl ays s eM o u l to n A nci e
e ,
nt
Cl a ss i ca l D r a m a .

9 1 20 f f . Cf . A ri s to tl e
, P oe
5 t W e m .u st n o t
14 h o.w e v e r: d es troy , ,

rec ei v ed stori es I m ean cg th at o f Cl yt em nes t ra sl ai n b y O res tes or

, .
,

E ri p h yl eb y A l c mae o n b u t i nv ent f o r o u rs el v es and u s etrad it io nari gh t

,
”
, .

1 01 25 Cf A ri s t o tl e P oe I n A g ath ons F l ow e r in c i d ents and ’

. . t 9 7 : , . .

nam e s areal i k eficti t i o u s a n d ye t it pl eas e

, s So t h a t w em u s t no t a l w ays .

se e k to k e ep t o th e r e c e
i v ed s t ori es w i t h w h i c h t r ag ed i e
s a re c o nc e r ne d .

I t w ou l d e v enb eab s u rd to do so s i nc eeven th ek now n ev ents aref ew ,

an d ye t pl eas eall
”
.

1 01 28 1 35
- Re
. al ori gi n a l i ty i nd e al i n g w i t h c o mm o n t h i n g s i s s o d i h
t
c u l t th at you ared oi ng b etter to dram ati z es om e o f th e Hom eri c s tory
t h anto s tar t a n e w pl o t The r ei s roo m f o r origi nal i ty s till w i th i n th ese
.

l i m i ts i nth ec h oi c eo f yo u r s u bj e c t and i nt h ef reed om o f yo u r i m i tatio n ’

.
,

Byro n H i nts f r om Har a r e

,

T i s h a d to
'
ventu rewh ereo u r b etters f ai l
r
O r le nd f re sh in teres t to a tw i etold ta l e; c -

An d ye t pe rch anc et i s w i s er to p ref er ’

A h ack n e yed p l ot th anch oo s ea new a nd en

, ,
"

Ye t c op y n o t too c l os e ly b u t r e cor d , ,

M os t j u s tl y th o u g h t f o r th o u g h t th a nw ord f o r w ord ;
,

Nor tra ceyo u r p ro t otyp eth ro g h na rr ow w ays u ,

B u t on l y f o l l ow w h e reh em eri ts p rai s e .

1 0 1 29 . A ri s t o tl e
Cf .
, P oet 9 6 I n t r a ge
dy w e k e
. e.
p t o r ec orded
nam e
s , as o nb e
t h er e ing th at th ep o ss i b l ei s red ib l e; w h at h as no t c o cc u rr ed
236 NOT E S .

w en l eet o b ep
o w ay b e i v oss i bl e b u t w h at h as o cc u rr e d w as pl a in l y po s
,

s i b l e or i t w o u l d n o t h a v eo cc u rr e
”
,
d .

l l 1 36 1 2 1 52 - I m i tate Hom er i n th em od es ty o f yo u r b eg inni ng i n

.
,

a v oi d i n g l en g t h y a nd p ro sa i c i nt ro d u c t io ns i nc o ns i s t e
n c y o f s t o ry , .
’

1 1 136 For t h eCyc l i c po ets cf M ah aEy H i st Gr eek Li t 1 85—89

. .
, . . . .

1 1 1 40- 1 52 Byr o n Hi n
. t: f om Har a r e ,
r

Not s o o f yo reaw o k eyo u r m igh ty s i re

T h ete m pe re d w a rb l i n gs o f h i s m as te r l yre -

S of t as th eg e nt l er b re a th i ng o f th el u te ,

O f m a ns fi rs t d is o b e d ie nc eand t h ef ru it
'

Hes p e a ks b u t as h i s s u b j e
, ct s w e
,
l ls a l o ng ,

E art h He ,
a ve n and Ha d es e ch o w i th th es o n
. g .

S ti l l to th em i d s t o f t h i n gs h eh as te ns o u ,

A s i f w ew i t n ess e d a l l a l re a d y d on e;
Le ave s o nh i s pa th w h a t e ve r se em s too m e an

T o rai s eth es u b j e ct or a d o r nt h esce ne

G ive s as e
,
a ch p a g ei m p ro v e s u p o nth es ig h t ,

No t s m o k ef ro m b righ tne ss b u t f r o m d a r k n e
ss , l igh t,
An d tru th an d fi cti o nw ith s u ch a rt co m po u n ds
W ek now no t w h e reto fix t h e ir sev era l b o u nds .

ll —
1 40 1 42 . A d d is o n, as we
ll as B y ro n, gi e vs th is r ed i t to M il t o n c
( p
S e
cta tor , No . The s el i n es
“
[ th e firs t si x ] areperh a ps as pl ai n,
s im pl e an d u n
,
a d or n ed as a ny o f t h ew h o l ep o e m i nw h i ch pa r ti c u l ar th e ,

a u t h or h as con f orm e d hi m s el f t o th e e x am p l e o f Hom e r a nd th ep rec ep t

o f H ora ce
”
.

11 1 41 — 1 42 A pa ra p h ras eo f t h efirs t li ne s o f th e Orbrsse

.
y .

I I 1 45 For A nt i p h ates s ee0d 1 0 7 6- 1 32 ; f o r Scyll a and Ch arybd is

. . .
,

0d 1 2 7 3—
. 1 2 6 2 2 2 2 59 4 2 6 44 6 ; f o r th eCy c l o ps 0d 9 1 05 566
.
,
-
,
-
, . .
-
.

1 1 1 46 W i c kh a m pa ra p h ras e
. s : Heno mo r eb egi ns a D i o m e de ia ( ti e .

w o u l d d o so if h e w ro t e o n e th a n h e ( a c t u al ly ) b eg i ns h is
I l iad e Cf A ris t o tl e P oe t 8 3: I n w r i t i ng th e Odysse y h edi d n
’
, tc . .
, . . ot

i ntrod u c eevery th i ng th at h a ppened to O d yss eu s cg hi s bei ng w ou nd ed , .

o nP ar n ass u s or f e igni ng m a d ne
, ss w h e nt h earm y w as ass e m b l ing
”
.

Cf A ris t o tl e P oe “ eh a vel a id d o w n th a t tra ge dy

'

1 2 1 51 1 52 -
. . t 7 2 , . .

is th er e re se n t a ti o no f w h ol ea n d c o m l et e a c t i o no f s o m ec o m ass
p p p .

A w h o l eis th a t w h i ch has b eg inni ng and m i d dl ea nd end ”

An d se eno t e .

1 2 1 53 1 3 1 78 T h ef irs t po int ana u d i e

- .
‘
nc ec ares f o r is a r eal d is cri m i

ris t i cs o f h u ma nn
na t iono f th ec h a ra ct e a t u r ei nea c h o f t h est ag e
s o f li f e .

s em u s t b ew e
T he d ie
’
ll st u d .
238 NOT ES .

A ris t otl ed i vi d e
s oth erwi s e ( P oe ti cs c h ap Horac es d i v is io n is
, .
’

f oll ow e d b y th etr age die s o f Se neca w h i c h w e rel argel y i m i tated i n th e

,

Re na issanc ep e riod and i t is p erh ap s th ro u gh th is m ed i u m th at i t h as

,

reac h ed th em o derns tage T h ed i v is io no f R o m ancom edi es i nt o fiveac ts

.

d oe s n o t app e a r t o b ee a rl i e r t h anth ef o u rt h c ent u ry A D . .

14 1 9 1 . A ri s to tl ed o e s n o t ap p ro v eo f a d e u x e x ma d i i n a at al l
( P o et .

15 . I t i s pl a i n t h e n th at t h es ol u tio n o f th epl o t s h o u l d a ri s eo u t
, ,

o f t h ep l ot i ts e l f a nd n o t b em e
, c h ani c al as i n th eM edea [ o f E u rip i des ] ,

or th ep assageab o u t th esa i l i ng aw ay f ro m T roy i nt h eI l i a d [ 1 1 2 1 55HZ] . . .

Me c h ani c al m ea ns [ i a d i vi nei nter ventio n] s h o u l d b eu s ed f o r th i ngs o u t

. .

s i d et h ep l ay w h e , th er w h at h as h appened b ef orew h i c h i t i s i m poss i b l e

f or a m an t o k no w or w h a t h ap p e , ns af ter w h i ch ne ed s p ro p h e c y or
rep or ti ng to th ego ds w eattrib u teo m nisci enc e .

1 5 1 92 . Ai s e h yl u s h ad i ntro d u c e d a se c o nd a c tor Soph ocl es a th ird ,

ri o e oe H or c e o ll o n o m or eo n t h es t ag ea t a
( A s t t l , P t 4 . . a w u l d a w

tim e .

1 5 1 93 201 — .
‘
O n th e ot h e r h and th eCh or u s m u st b e tr eated as an ,

in te g r a l p a rt o f th e d r a m a I t s b u s i n e ss is .t o h el p o n t h e a c t io n a n d ,

sp e c iall y to tak eth em oral a nd r el i gio u s s id ei ni t .

’

1 5 1 93 . A ri s t o t l e P oe t 19 7 :
, T h eCh or u s s h o u l d b eas s u m e
. . d to b e
on eo f th ea c tors and par t o f th ew h ol e engagi ng i n th ec om p e ti t io n as
,

i nSo p h o c l e s n, o t as i nE u ri p i d e s I no th e r p o ets th es o ngs h av eno m or e

.

t o do w i th th ep l o t t h anw i th a d i f f e r ent tragedy ; w h er ef oreth ey s i ng

i nterl u d es a p rac ti c ef i rs t s tart ed b y A gath o n
,
”
.

1 5 202 1 8 239
-
T h el yri c al p ar t o f t h ed r am a w as s i m pl e
. r i n ol d d a y s .

A s au die nc e s h a veb e c o m em or em ix ed t h em u s i c b ec amem or eel ab orate ,

th ed i c t io n m or es t il t e d t h et o n em or eorac u l a r
, ( I n t h e sa m e w a y) t h e .

de s ir et o i n te r es t a m is c el l aneo u s au d i enc el ed to ad ding t h eSatyri c dram a

t o t rage dy . B u t m od e ratio n and tac t are nec ess ary T ragi c c h arac ters .

m u st n o t b el o w e red i nth ef ol l o w i ng Satyri c d ra m a Nei th er need th ey .

rant T raged y h as i ts pro p er d igni ty ; so h as th eSatyri c d ram a i ts el f I t

. .

i s no t t r age d y b u t ne i th er is it c o m edy ’
.
,

For th eSatyri c d ram a s eeM o u l to n A ncz m t Cl a ss i m l D r a m a

’

.
, ,

1 7 220 224
-
. T h u s tran s l at ed b y G ol d s m i th E ssay on t/z e O r zgi n of ,

T h etrag i c b a rd a g oat h i s h u m b l ep ri z e
, ,

Ba d esa ty rs n ak ed an d u nc o u th a ris e;
H i s m u s es e veres ec u re a nd u nd is m ayed, , ,

T h er u s ti c j o k ei ns o l em ns tra i nc o nve yed ;

For no vel ty al o neh ek new c o u l d ch a rm
A l aw l es s c row d wi th w i n ea nd f e as ti n
, g warm .
 HO R A CE . 239

1 7 220 Ff . T h eo nl y Satyri c d r am a w h i ch h as b ee
n p re
serv ed to u s is
T l z eCy cl op s of Eu rip i d es . eth etra nsl a tio nb y Sh e
Se ll e
y, nd th eanal ys is
a

i nM ou l t o n A nci e , nt Cl a ss i ca l D r a m a
p p 1,9 7
— 1
.
9 8 D r.y d e n s a cc o u
’
n t i s

as f o ll ow s ( D i s cou r seon Sa ti r e ) : T h e“
s p i s or w
, h o e v e r h e w e r e t h a t
i nv ented tragedy ( f or au th ors di fi er) m i ngl ed w i th th em a c h oru s and
'

d an c es of Satyrs w h i c h h ad b ef or eb een u s ed i n th ec el eb ration o f th eir

fe s t i v al s , an d th e r eth ey w er eev er a f ter w ards r etai ned T h ec h arac t er o f .

th e m w as al s o k e t w h i c h w a s m ir t h an d w an t o n n e ss ; an d t h i s w as gi v e n
p , ,

I su pp o s e , t o t h e f o l l y o f t h e c o mm o n a u d i e n c e w h o , s oo n g ro w w ea ry o f

g oo d s en s e, a n d , as w e d ail y s e e i n ou r o w n agea n d c o u n t ry a r e a pt t o ,

f ors ak ep o e t ry an d s ti l l r e a dy t o r e t u r n to b u fl o o n e ry a n d f ar c e From
'

.
,

he nc ei t c am eth at i nth eOl ymp i c G am e s whe r eth ep o ets c o nt ended f or

,

f o u r p ri z e s
, th e s at iri c trage d y w as th el as t o f t h e m f or i nth er e , s t th e

Satyr s w e reex cl u d ed f ro m th ec h oru s A m o ngs t th ep l ays o f E u r ip i d es .

w h i c h a rey e t re m a i ni n g t h, er e i s o n e o f th e s e sa ty r i cs w h i c h
, i s c a l l ed T b e
Cy cl ops i nw h i c h w em ay s e
,
eth enat u r eo f th os ep o e ms and f rom th e , nc e
c onc l u d ew h at l i k eness th ey h aveto th eR o m ans atire .

T h es tory o f th i s Cy c l op s w h o s en , am ew a s P o l yp h e m u s ( so f am o u s i n
th eG r e c i an f ab l es ) w as th at Ul yss es w h o w i th h is c omp any w as d riv en
, ,

o nt h ec o as t o f Si c i l y w h e r eth o s eCycl op s i nh ab i ted c o m i ng to ask r el i ef

nu s and th e
, ,

f ro m Sil e Saty rs w h o w e ,
°
reh er dsm en t o th at o neey ed gi ant , -

w as k i n dl y r e c eiv ed b y th em and enter tai ned ti l l b eing p er c eiv ed b y , ,

P ol yp h e m u s th e, y w er emad ep ri s o ners agai ns t th eri tes o f h o sp it al i ty ( f or

,

w h i c h Ul yss e s e l oqu e ntl y pl e ad e d) w e r eaf t erw ards pu t d ow n i nto th e

,

de n and s om eo f th e
, m de v ou r ed ; af ter w h i c h Ul yss es ( h av i ng m adeh i m
dr u n k wh e nh ew as asl e ep ) t h r u s t a g r e a t fi r e b r a n d i n t o h is ey e a n d s,
o

r ev engi ng h is d ead f ol l ow er s es c aped w i th th e r em ai ni ng party o f th e

,

l i vi n g ; a n d S i l e n u s a n d th e Satyrs w e re f r eed f ro m th eir s er vi tu d eu nd er

P ol y p h e m u s an , d re m i tt e d to t h e ir first l i b erty o f attend i ng and acc om p any
in g t h e ir p a t ro n B a cc h u s .

T h i s w as th es u bj e c t o f th etr aged y w h i c h b eing o neof th oseth at

, ,

e nd w i th a h app y e v ent i s th er ef or eb y A rist otl ej u dged b el ow th eoth er

,

s or t w h os es u cc e
, ss i s u n f or t u nat e No t w i th s tand i n
.
g w h i c h t h e S a t
, yr s

( h e r e r o f t h ed r a m a tz s en n e e l l h e h o l e c h or s)
’

w o w p a t p a c as w , as t w u

we rep rop erl y i ntro d u c ed i nto th enat u reo f th ep o em w h i ch i s m ix ed of ,

f ar c ea nd tr age dy . T h eadv e ntu r eo f Ul ys s e s w as t o e nte rtainth ej u dgi ng

p a r t o f t h e au d i e n c e , a n d t h e u n c o u th p e rs o n s o f S i l e n u s a n d t h e S a t yr s

t o di ve rt th ec o mm onp eopl ew i th t h eir gross ra il l eri e s

”
.

18 237 . D a m n A c h ar a ct e
. r i nth eA nd r i a o f T erenc e .
240 NOT E S .

1 8 238 . nd Si m o w e
P y t h i as re p rob ab l y c h ara ct ers i n a c om e
a dy b y
Cae ci l i u s th ef or m e
, r a sl avegirl th el at ter h er m aster , .

1 8 239 For Si l enu s cf T I nCy cl op s o f E u ri p i des ( no t eo n1 7 220

. .

1 8 240 243 - ‘
Do n o t l ook f o r a n ori g i n
. al s t ory o n l y f o r f re
sh ness o f ,

tr e
atm e nt ’
.

1 8 240 242 -
B yro n Hi nts f r om H or a ce
.
,

Wh o m natu regu id es ri tes th at every d u nce ,

so w
En rap t u red th i nk s to d o th es a m ea t o nc e;
B u t af ter i nky th u m b s a nd b ittenna il s
An d t we nty s ca ttere d q u ires th eco x c o m b f a i l s , .

1 8 241 . P as c al , T b o u g/z ts 1 .
3: T h eb e
s t b oo k s ar eth os eth at ev ery
r ead er th i nk s h em igh t h a v ew ri tt enh i m s e
lf .
”

1 8 244 1 9 250
-
.
‘
T h e h or u s c of sa t yrs m u st k e
ep f ro m l ow and c o ars e
l an e; th i nk of th eb e
t t e, r no t of t h ew ors epa rt of yo u r nc e
d ie
’
gu ag au .

1 9 248 250 -
. B yro n, H i nts f r om Har a re

A vu lga r s c rib b l er certes s t nd s d isgraced , ,

a

I n th is nic eag e w h ena l l a s p i ret o t ste; ,

a

T h ed i rty l a ng g
u a ea nd t h eno i s o m ej e
s t

W h i ch p l eas ed i nS w i f t o f yo e w eno w d etet r ,

s .

19 251 20269 -
. voi d th e great f au l t o f th e ol d er R o m a n
‘
j ll e
tr e . A
t rag e d ian s he av y a n
, d spon dai c v e rs es R m a npo ets h av eb een d em a l . o or

i e
/ d b y i na r t i s t ic a u d i enc es Ne i t h er p r es u m e o n t h is nor b e s l a vis h l y
.

a f ra i d
o f cens re b u t s t e u e p yo u r
,s el f i nG r ee k m o d e
l s .
’

l 9 2 1—
5
2026 2 Byro n H i nts f r om Hor a e
.
,
c

Pe
a ceto Swi f t s f a u l ts ! h is w it h ath m ad eth em p as s
'

Un m a t ch e d b y a ll s a vem a tc h l e s s H d ib as ! u r

W hps ea th or i s p er h ap s th efi s t w em e
u et r

W h o f ro m o u c ou p l et l op ped tw o fi na l f eet
r

No r l e s s i nm e ri t th a nt h el o n g e r l i ne ,

T h is m e a s u rem ve s a f v o ri teo f t h eNi n

o e a .

T h o u gh a t fi rs t vi e w e igh t f eet m y s eem i nva in a

Form ed s ei no d e to b ea r a s erio u s tr in
,
av ,
s a ,

Ye t S c o tt h as s h owno u r w o n de ri n g i s l eo f l te a

T h is m e a s u res h ri n ks n o t f ro m a th e m eo f w e ig h t ,

An d va ri e ,
d s k il f u l l y s u rp as s e s f ar ,

Hero i c ri m e b u t m os t i nl ovea nd w ar ;
,

W h osef l u ctu a t io ns tend er or s u b l i m e , ,

A rec u rb e d to o m u ch b y l o n g r e u ri ng r i m e - c r .
242 NOT E S .

T h ou gh y ou an d I , wh o e ru d i tely know
T o se p ara tet h eel eg a nt a nd l o w ,

na h ob b l ing l i neapp e
C a na ls o , w h e a rs ,

De rs , ind ef a u l t o f ea rs
tet wi th h u g e
c .

—
21 27 5 284 ‘
.T h eG re ek s aret h em as t ers : th ey i nvent e d th ed ram a a nd
p e r f e
c t e
d i t t r
, ag e
d y and ev en c o m e
d y f ro m t h et e
oo f r e c ri t i c i s,m o f th e
o l d er typ eto th em ores o b er and tooth l ess new c o m edy o f m anners .
’

21 27 5 27 7
-
G ol dsm i th E ssay ontl z eO r igi nof P oe
. , try

T he
s pi s , inventor o f d ra m a ti c art ,

Co n veyed h is vag rant a cto rs i na cart ;

H i gh o e r th ec row d th em i m i c tr i b ea p p e
are
'
d ,

An d p l ay ed and su n g w i t h l e
e s of w i neb e
, s me a re
d .

21 281 - 284 . Byron, Hi nts f r om Ho

O ld co m ed i es sti l l m eet w ith m u ch appl au s e ,

T h ou gh to o l i ce ntiou s f or d r m a ti c l aws ; a

A t l es t w em o d e m s w is el y ti s co n fe
ss e
'
a , ,
d , ,

C u rta i l or s i l e
nceth elas c ivio u s j est .

0
21 28 1 . A ri s toph anes i s th e r e
p r e
sent a t i v eof th eOl d C m e
d o y .

e x ce lle nt tr ansl atio n o f h is A c/l a r m a ns , K mg/z ts and B i r ds i s Fr er es

' ’
’
, ,

p u b l i sh ed i n M or l ey s U ni v er sa l L i
’
b r a ry ( R o u tl e
d g e
) .

—
21 285 22 294 ‘
B u t o u r c o u nt rym e
. n h av ei m i t ate very ph as e and
d e ,

h av es t r u c k o u t l i n e s of th e ir o w nb oth i n t ragedy and c o m edy I ndeed , .

R om ew o u l d ri val G r e ec e i n l itera t u r e as i n ar ms w er ei t not f or o u r ,

l az i ne ss i np e rf ec ti ng ou r w ork ’
.

T r an sl at ed b y Byro n Hi n ts f r om Hor a ce
,

Wh ateer th eir f o ll ies a nd th e

ir s ide
f a u l ts b e
'

, ,

Ou ernte rp ris i ng b a rd s pas s nau gh t u ntri ed ;

Nor d o th e y m erit s ligh t app l a u s ewh o ch oo se
A nE n g l i s h s u b j e
c t f o r a nE ng l i s h m u se
,

An d le a veto m i n d s w h i ch never d a red invent ,

French fl i pp ancy a nd G erm a ns enti m ent .

Wh erei s th at l ivi ng l a ng u ag ew h ich co u ld cl ai m

P oe ti c m oreas p h i l o s o p h i c f a m e
, , ,

I f a l l ou r b ards m orep at ient o f d el ay

, ,

W ou ld stop l i keP o p eto p o l is h b y th eway ?

, ,

22 295 301 -
.
‘
T h i s l az i nes s is r edu c ed t o a th e
ory . Me
nu nderval u eart
i nc om pari s o nw ith th enati v egif t, and l ook o n th at as t h eanti th e
s is of

comm o nsense .
’
 HO R A CE . 243

22 296 . Cf . P l at o , P fi cz a r u
(J t r a
'
ns l a t
s io n 24 52 1 2 1 1 22 )
ow e
tt s
’
, .
-

T he r ei s al s o a th ird k i nd o f m adness o f th os ew h o arep oss ess ed b y th e ,

M u se s ; w h i ch e nte rs i nto a d el i c ateand v irgi n s o u l and th erei ns piri ng ,

f re nz y aw ak e
, ns l yri c a l a nd al l oth e r nu mb ers ; w i th th es ead or ni ng th e
m yri ad a c t io n s of an c i ent h ero es f o r th ei ns tr u ction o f p os t eri ty B u t h e .

w h o h av i n n o c h f h e M e m ne i n h i o u l c o m e o th e
’
, g o t u o t u s s a d s s s s s t ,

d oor a n d th i n k s th at h ew i l l ge t in t o th et e m pl eb y th eh e l p o f art heI ,

s ay an
, d h is p o e try aren o t ad m i t t e d ; th es anem a ni s n ow h ereat al l w h en
h ee nte rs i nto riv al ry w i th th em adm an Seeal s o m y ed i tio no f Sh el l ey s
”
.
’

De f e
n se o
f P oet r
y n o t e s o n 402 3 ,
— 25 a nd 2 3 6 an d th e d i s c u ss io n o n pp , .

XX- XX V .

22 29 7 . De
m ocr i t u s . Ci c e
ro, C/z a r a cter f
o tire O r a tor 2 .
46 . 1 94 : I
nhe
h av eo f t e a rd t h at no m an ca n b ea goo d p o e t ( as th e y say i s l ef t
r ec or d ed i nth ew riti ngs o f b ot h D e
m o c ri tu s and P l at o ) w i th o u t ar d or o f
im agi nation and th e ex c i tem ent o f s o m eth i ng s i m i l ar to f re
nz y ”
, . Cf .

Ci c ero Ou D i v i na ti on 1 37 80 . . .

—
22 29 7 298 Byro n H i nts fi om Hor a ce
.
,

Bu t t ru th t o s ay m o s t ri m e rs rarel y gu a rd ,

A gai n s t th a t ri d i cu l eth ey d eem s o h ard ;

I n p er s onnegligent th ey w ea r f ro m s l o th , , ,

Be a rd s o f a w e e k an d n a i l s o f annu a l gro w th ;
Re s i d ei ng a rre ts fl y f ro m th o s eth e y m eet , ,

An d w a l k i na l l e ys ra th er th anth es treet .

22 300 . An o
t i cy ra, o c is w as c el eb r at ed f or prod u c i ng h ell e
a t w ni nP h ,

b or e b e
, l ie v ed to b ea c u r ef or ins anity .

22 301 23 308 -
A s I c an . no t f ol l ow th e m I h av egi ve nu p w ri ting p o etry ,

m ys e l f b u t I a m t ryi n
, g t o t e ac h o t h e r s t o w ri t e i t as a W h e
ts t o nem a k es ,

k ni v es cu t th o u gh i t c an not cu t i ts e lf
’
, .

23 304— 30 8 B yro n H i nts f r om Hor a ce

.
,

Bu t sin ce( p e rh ap s m y f eel ings areto o nice)

I ca nno t p u ch as ef a m eat s u ch a p ri ce r ,

I l l l ab or g ra ti s as a g i n de r s w h eel
' '
r ,

An d b lu n t m ys e l f gi v ee d g et o ot h e rs s te el
'

, ,

Nor w ri teat al l u nl e s s to t e a c h t h ea rt
,

T o th o s er e he a rs i n f e o e r ’

g o r th p t s p a t ;
F ro m Horaces h ow th ep l e as i n g p a th s o f s o n g
—w h at is w rong
,

An d f ro m m y ow ne x am pl e .

23 304 im i l ar u s eo f th efigu rei s as c ri b ed t o I s o c r at es i n th el i f e

. A s ,

o f t h at r ator f or m erl y attri b u ted t o P l u tar c h Bei ng as k ed w h y h edi d

o .

not spe ak i n u b l i c s i n
p c eh et au
gh t th e a,
rt o f
p u b l i c s
p e
ak i ng t o o th e
rs ,
244 NO T E S .

h eis i d to h av erepl i ed ( Li ve
sa s
qf t / z eT m O r a tor s
p 3 8 8 E ) S o w he t , .

s to n es c an no t cu t b u t th e y gi vea c u tti ng ed geto steel

—
, .

23 309 24 31 8 ‘
G ood w ri t i n
.
g b e g i ns i n g oo d t h i n k i ng R ead P l at o .
,

u n de rs ta n d h u m a n l i f e d r aw dir e ct f rom th at and th en yo u r c h arac ters

, ,

w i l l s pe ak l i k el i v i n g b e i ng s
’

23 309—
.

31 1 Byro n [ fi rm f r om Hor a ce
.
,

T h o u gh m o d e rnp rac ti c es o m eti m es difi ers qu i te '

T i s j u s t as w e l l to t h i n k be f orey o u w ri t e;
’

Le t e very b ook th a t s u i ts yo u r th em eb erea d

S o s h a l l y o u t ra c ei t t o th ef o u n ta i nh e ad - .

23 309 W i c kh am sa ys i nh is no t eo nt h ep ass age: T h es el i ne

.
, s se em
t o g i v ea k e y not eto th eA rs P o eti c a I t i th er ec o nc il i atio no f th eb r ea c h . s ,

i f it e v er w as a s erio u s o ne b et w eenHorac es l iter ary and ph il os op h i c al ,

’

i ncl inations .
‘
So u nd p oe t ry ( s crib e
‘
nd i re ’
c te s o f ar f ro m
’

be i ng th ep ro d u c t o f a c raz ed b r a i n h as b eh ind i t s o u nd th i nk i ng t h e , ,

t ra i n e d in te l l i ge nc eo f th ep h il os o ph e r at s ec o nd h and f ro m th es t u d y o f
,

b ook s ( v . an d at firs t h an d f rom th es tu d y o f l i f e( v A nd .

aga i n i n h is e d i t io n o f t h eW or ks 2 335: Scr z ée na z r e ctes a e e e ’

' '

, .
p r s t ct

rin cz i u m
f u r i s t h e m ot to o f h e o e i
’

p p a t o t A r s P t ca I t is as .

th o u gh H or a c es t w o t as t e s an d in te res ts h ad ru nat l as t i nto ones tr ea m

’
.

P h i l os o p h y i s n o l on g er th e ri v a l o f p o e try b u t h as b e c o m e h e ,r i n s t r u o

tr e
”
ss .

O th e r Lati nau th ors af f ord confirmati o n of Hor ac es s tatem ent T h u s ’

.

Cat o ( J or d ans e d p
’
. Lay h ol d o f t h es u bj e
, . c t and t h ew ords w il l ,

f ol l o w ( r e m tm ev e r ba s eu an
q , t u r ) ; Ci c e ro C l m r a cte r
qf ti re O r a to, r 3
3 1 . .

1 2 5: Cop io u s ne ss of m att e r p ro d u c es c op io u sness o f l angu age ( t h e ”

w h o l e o f th eth ir ty firs t c h ap t e -
r sh ou l d b ec o ns u l ted ) No r h aves o m e .

o f t h eb e st m od e r nau th ors f ai l ed to ec h o t h is op inio n Seei np art i c u l a r .

, ,

Le we s P r i m ip l e cr e n er a t u r e T h u s D ry d e n D s cou r s e o n
f S i L i i
’
s
o a s : t .
,

E p i c P oe try : An d whe r eas p o em s w h i ch arep ro d u c ed b y th evi gor o f

i m agi nation onl y h av ea gl oss u p o n t h em at t h efirs t ( w h i c h ti m ew ear s
of f ) , th ew ork s o f j u dg me nt arel i k eth ed i am o nd th em or eth e y arep o l ,

is h e d th em or el u st r et h e y r ec ei v e Su c h a s or t o f r e
.
p u t a t io n i s m y
a i m t h o u gh i na f a r i n fe rior d egr ee A nd t o th esam eefl ect Si r W al ter
” '

, .

c o D e n ( i n ry ) pp 4 — T h e i i n i h i n
S t t L , ] qf
1 ? r
y d c d S a t s b u . 0 2 0
4 3 : , d s. t g u s g
c h a rac teri s ti c o f D ryd ens g eni u s s eem s to h av eb eenth ep ow er o f r eas o n
’

in g , a n d o f e x p r e ss i ng t h e r e s u l t i n a pp pro ri a t e l a n g u a g e T h i s m ay s e em .

sl e nd er p rai s e; ye t th e s ew e reth etal ents t h at l ed Bac o ni nt o th er ec es s es

o f p h i l o s o p h y an d c o nd u c t e
, d Ne w t o nt o t h ec ab i n e t of n a t u r e T h ep ro s e .

w or k s o f D ryd e nb e ar ree t e d e v i d en c e t h i h i l o o h i c l o w e r s
p a o s p s p a p .
246 NOT E S .

Ou r ( bo e tys
h os e w h o m
sa vp u b li c sc h oo l s c o m p e l
T o l on g a nd s h or t b ef or e t h e y r e ta u g h t t o s p e
l l )
’

Fro m f ru gal f ath ers so oni mb i b eb y ro te

A pe nny sa ve d m y la d s a pe nny got ' ’
.
, ,

Bab eof a c i ty b i rt h ! f ro m Six p e nc eta k e

T h eth i rd h ow mu c h w i l l th ere ,
m ai n de r m ake?
A groat A h b rav o ! D i c k h a th d on
.
’

,
eth es u m !
Hel l s w e l l my fif ty th o u sa n d to a p l u m
' ’
.

T he y wh os eyou ng s ou l s recei veth is ru s t b eti m e s ,

"
I is c l ea r arefi t f or a n y th i n g b u t ri me
'

,
s ;

An d Lo c k ew i l l te l l y ou th a t th ef a th e r s righ t ’

W h o h id e s a l l ve rs es f ro m h i s ch i l d rens s igh t ; ’

For p oets ( s ays th is s ageand many m ore) , ,

M a k esa d me cha ni cs w ith th eir ly ri c l ore;

An d De lp h i n ow h owe ver r ich of o l d , ,

D i s c ove rs l ittl es i l ve r and l ess gol d ,

Be ca u s eP arnass u s th ou gh a m ou nt di vi ne , ,

I s po or as l r u s or an I ri s h m i n ,
e .

24 319 . Not so e
mu cht o ff i ent as w i th enti m ents
‘
s w th s e
nt m
i ,
’ ‘
s ,
’

th at is , m ax i ms ,
’
c o mm o nplaces
g no m i c sa yi n gs S h a k es
, p
’
e a r e a b o u n d s .
’

in e x am l e s s c h as O tl 3 3 55 1 1 6 1 M o t f a m i l i ar q o t a tio n-s f ro m
p u , z s
. . . u .

h i m areo f th i s s or t ; cf Bar tl e tt s or a n i m i l r i c io n ry ’
y s . a d t a .

24 323 Or er otu nda

. Not oro tu nd b u t w e
‘
. ll ro u nd e d ‘
c o m p ac t ,
’ -
,
’
,
’

p i t h y
,
’
p o l i s h ed .
’

24 325 f f Cf th ee x ce s s i v eti meall o t t e d to ari th m e ti c i n m a n y of o u r

'
. .

A me ric ans c h ool s .

25 333 346 - T he
. re arei n tr u th t wo ai ms i n p oetry i ns tru c tion and
‘
,

p l e as u r e .W h e n y o u w o u l d t eac h r em e m b er t h e i m p or t a n c e o f b r ev i t y ;
whe nyo u w o u l d p l e as er e me mb e r th ei mp ortanc eo f v eri s i m il i tu d e B u t .

i f yo u w o u l d gr ati f y al l yo u r au di e nc eyou mu st c o mb i neb oth ai ms T h is .

i s t h etr u ec l assi c al po e try t h at l i v e s .

’

25 333 344 -
Byr o n l l i n
. l s f r om l l or a ce
,

T wo ob je oet m ove
cts a l way s s h o u ld th ep ,

O r on eo r b oth to p l e as eor to i mp rove

. .

W hatee r you teach b eb r ief i f you d e

'
s ign , ,

F o r ou r re me mb ran ceyo u r d i d a c ti c l i ne
Re du n d an ce p l ace s me mory o nth erac k ,

F o r b rai n s may h e o e rl o nd el l i keth eb a c k

’
t , .

Fictio ndoes b es t wh entau g h t to l oo k l i ketru th ,

An d f ai ry ta b l es b u b b l en o neb u t yo u th ;
E x pe ct n o cr e di t f o r too won dro u s tal e s ,
 H O R A CE . 247

Si nceJ o nas onl y sp rings al ivef ro m w h al es !

Yo u ng m enw i th au g h t b u t el eganc ed is p ens e;
M a t u rer yea rs req u irea l ittl es ense
nd a t o nc e —th at h ar d f or a l l i s fit
.

To e ,

W h o m i ng l es we ll in s tru c tio nw i th h is w i t .

25 333—
334 .
( Cf . 343 ll e
So Sh e y, D e
fi nse o
f P oe
t ry , 13 15 Ff .

( cf . n o t e o n 13 23 an d Si d ne y, D e f en s eo P oe
f sy
( s e e t h e I n t ro d u c t io n
to my e d i tio n p p x x v iii
, . Ho w i n th e f ac eo f s u c h a c o ns e
, ns u s
of opi nion a m o der n w riter o n c o m p arati ve l i teratu re can r es t ri ct th e
,

fu n c tio n of l i terat u r eto th e gi vi ng o f pl eas u r e is no t qu i te ap parent , .

P os ne tt ( Comp a r a t i v eLi te r a tu r e
pp 1 8 — 1 9)
, d e fi n.e s l i t e r a t u r e as c o n
s i s ti n g o f w or k s w h i c h w he th e
, r i n v erse or p ros e areth eh and i c ra f t o f ,

im agi natio nrath er th anrefl ecti o n a i m a t tlz ep l ea s u r eof tiregr ea te

, s t p os

s ibl en u m be h e n a t i on r a tfi e r tf z a n i n r u ct i on a n e
r o f t s t d p r a ct i ca l
qf cts ,

an d app e al t o ge ne ral r ath er th an s p ec ial iz ed k now l edge Her ef ers t o .

P al grav e( Son g s an d S o n n ets o

f S/ m t -
sp e r e p 2 37 ) as s a yi
, n g t
. h at p l e a s

u r eis t h eo bj e c t o f p o et ry ; and th eb es t f u l fil m ent o f i ts tas k is th egr eat

’
e s t pl e as u r eo f th eg r e a te st n u mbe r O new o u l d w is h t o k no w h o w s u c h
.

se nti m e nts can b er e c onc il ed w ith M atth ew A r nol d s v i ew o f p o etry as a ’

c ri ti c is m o f l i f e( ih W ard s E ng l i s/z P oets 1 x ix f fi, and el s ew h er e), and

’
. .

w i th M il t o ns fit a u di e nc efind th o u gh f e (
’
, w P L 7 . . .

25 340 T h e Larn
.
‘
i a w as a m on ‘’
ste r s ai d to f eed o n mans fl es h a '
,

b u gb e a r t o f ri gh te n c h il d r e nw i th Se eA ris top h ane

.
’
s Wa sp s 1 1 7 7 and , ,

Ke ’
a ts La m i a .

25 345 . Sos i i B roth e

. rs i np artners h ip as b ook s ell ers .

26 347 359 — .
‘
Do n o t s u p po s e I e x e
p c t a n i m p o ss i b l e p e r f e c t i o n b u t I ,

d r aw a d i s t i n c tionb et w eenth eb ad p o et w h o i s o cc as ional l y goo d and t h e ,

g oo d p o e t w h o i s if s o b
, e o cc as io,na l l y l e ss g oo d ’

—
.

26 347 f f . Cf . 3 32 3 7 .

26 347 —353 . P ope

, E ss ay o n Cr i ti t z sm
'

2 53 2 6 2 -

Wh oever th inks f au l t l e
ss p i eet o s e
a e ,
c
Th nk s wh a t n
i ee w as , no r is , no r ee
'
r r s h al l b e
’
.

In every w ork regard ew ri ter s end th

'

Si ncenonecanc om p as s m oreth anth ey intend ;

An d i f th em e an s he j u s t th eco nd u ct t ru e
, ,

A p p l a u s e i ns p i teo f t ri vi a l f a u l ts i s d u e;
, ,

As me nof b re e d in g s o m e t i
,
m e s m en o f w i t

T o av oid g re at e rro rs m u s t th el e s s c o m m it

Ne g l e c t th eru l es ea c h v erb a l c ri ti c l a ys ,

F or n ot to kn ow sometrifl e s i s a prais e .
248 NOT ES .

26 351 - 356 . Byron, Hi nts f r om Hor a ce

Wh eref requ ent b e
a u ti e
s s tri k eth ere
ad e
r s vi ew ’

W em u s t no t qu arre l f o r a b l o t or tw o ,

Bu t p a rd o ne q u a l l y t o b o o ks or m en
T h es l i ps o f h u m ann a tu r ean d th ep e n .

Ye t if anau th or Sp i teo f f oeor f ri e

,
nd ,

De s p is e
s a l l a d v i c et oo m u ch to m e nd ,

Bu t e ver twangs th esa m ed is c ord ant s t ri ng ,

G i veh i m n o q u a rte r h ows oeer h es ing ,

’
.

26 357 . e
Ch erilm . Of I asos . Cf . H orac e
, Ep . 2 . 1 . 2 32 -
24 1 ( H o w e
’
s

t ransl a tion) .

Wel l h ad it b eenf or P h i l ip s w arl i keso n ’

I f C h m ri l u s h ad neer h i s f a vor w o n '

No r to c onqu eror of th ew orl d h ad s ol d

th e

His d ogge rel l ines f o r M a ced o niangol d .

For h o mel y verseth epu res t f a mewi l l s p ot ,

S u reas i n k h an d led le a ve s be h in d a b l ot .

B u t h e i nch oi ceo f b ar ds so l i tt l eni c e

, ,

W h o s u ch a p oem b o q a t s u c h a p ri c e ,

T h i s ve ry ki ng w er,
e t o l d or d a
’
i ned b y l a w ,

No neb u t A p e l les sh ou l d h is s e m b l anc ed r aw ,

An d th at Lys i pp u s h an d s h ou l d m ol d a l on
’
e
G re x an
a t A le de r s s h a pei nb ras s or sto ne
’
.

27 —
360 365 . The
reis i np o etry as i np ai nti ng a d if f e
r enc eb etw een
be
twe
ena s k e
tch nd a finis h ed p i c t u r e
a .
’

27 360- 364 . P ope E ss ay on Cr i t i ci s m

, 1 7 1 - 1
80

S m efigu
o re s m on s tro u s a n d m i ss h ap e d ap p e ar ,

C on side red s i ng l y or b eh el d to o nea r

, ,

Wh ich b u t p rop ortio ned to th eir l igh t or p l a ce

, ,

D u edi s ta nc ere c onci l es t f or m a nd grace o .

A p ru d e nt c h i e f n o t a l w a ys m u s t d i s p l a y

H is p o we rs i ne q u a l r a nk s a nd f a ir a rra y ,

Bu t wi th th eo ccas io na n d th ep l a ceco m p l y ,

C on ce a l h i s f orc en ay s e em s o m e
,
ti m e ,s to fl y .

T h o s eo f t ares tra tage m s w h i ch e rror s e em ,

No r i s i t Ho m e r no d s b u t w eth at d re am
, .

W i th P op es
’
rend eri ng m ay b e c om p ar e
d t h at of Byron,
Hor a ce
i c res s o s h a l l p oems b e; s o m es tand
A s p tu ,

c ri i c ey e and p l ea s ew h ennear at h a nd
T he t , ,

Bu t oth e rs at a d i s tancestriketh es igh t ;

250 NOT E S .

W h atee r t h ewe
’
a p o n cu d ge l fist or f oil , , , ,

No nere ach e x pe rt nes s wi th ou t ye a rs of t o il ;

Bu t fi f ty d u n ce s ca n wi t h-p e rf ect u s e , ,

T ag twe nty th o u sand cou p l e ts w h e nth ey p le as e .

W h y no t — s h a l l I th u s qu al i fie d to s i t ,

For rottenb o ro u g h s never sh o w m y wi t ,

S h a l l I w h os ef a th e
,
rs wi th th equ oru m sa t e ,

An d l i ve d i nf re ed o m o na f a i r e st a t e;
W h o le f t m eh e i r w i t h s ta b l e s ke, nne l s p a ck s , , ,

T o a ll th e i r inc om e and to tw i cei ts ta x ; ,

Wh os ef orm and ped igreeh a ves carcea f a u l t ,

S h a l l I I sa y su pp re
,
s s m y A tti c sal t P
,

28 385 —
Do yo u r e
29 390 member it [ see37 4
. no t w r i teu nl e
Doss

y o u arei nt h ev e
i n Wh at you w rites u b m it to . so m ego o d cri ti c an d do ,

no t bei na h u rry to pu b l i s h it ’
.

28 385 . Byro n, Hi nts f r om Hor ace

T hu s th i nk th emo b of ge n
nt l em e b u t yo u ,

Be
s de i
s a ll th is . mu st h aveso m ege
ni u s too .

29 39 1 - 30407 . P oe
t ry h as h ad h is to ri call y a h ig h m issi on . I t is no t a

th i ng to b et h u o h c or n of
’
g t s .

29 391 Ft
“

. Ci Si d n
. ey , D e
f n
ese2 18 111 ; Sh e
ll ey, D e
f n
e s e5 20—6 26 .

30 8 41 5
40 -
. Peet i me
opl eas ks w h ich is n e ces sa ry t o a po e
so m t n a tu ral ,

g i f ts or a r t i s t i c t r ai ni n g T h e a n s w er is 6.0 01 Y o u n ee d th e gi f t ; b u t , .

t h egi f t wi t h o u t t r ai n i ng w i l l do no m or ei n th is art th an i n any oth er ’

.

Cf th ed i sc u ss ioni nSh e
. ll e
y D e
f e n s eo
f P oe t r
y ,

30416 32 437 -
Y o u ca nw r ap yo u rs e
. l f u p i n yo u r c onc e i t or y o u can ,

b u y app l au sef r o m i n te rest ed c ri t i cs ; b u t y o u k now h o w w orthl e ss t h is is

an d w i ll b e w a r eo f i t
’
.

32 438 33 452 - ‘
T h epi c t u r eof th eh on
. es t an d g ood c ri ti c su ch as w as ,

Q inti l i u
’
u s

—
.

32 434 439 . Byron, Hi nts f r om l l am a

Y ew h o reto o y ri me b u ld t h el f t
i ’
as p i ,

Be l ie veno t al l w h o lau d you r f a ls e s u b l i me ‘

Bu t i f s o m ef i e nd s h a l l h ea r yo u r w o rk a n
r d sa y , ,

E x pu n g eth a t s ta n z a l op t h a t l i neaw a y , ,

An d a f te r f ru i tles s ef f o rts yo u retu rn

, ,

W ith ou t a m end m ents a nd h ea nswers Bu rnl , ,

T h a t in s ta n t t h ro w yo u r p pe r inth efi re a ,

A sk n o t h i s th o u gh ts or f o l l ow h i s d e s ire , .

Ye t i f yo u o n
, l y p ri z eyo u r f av ori teth o u g h t ,

A s cri ti c s k i n dl y d o an d au th ors o u g h t ; ,
 HO R A CE .
251

I f yo u r c ool f riend annoy yo u now a nd th e

n,
And cros s wh ol ep ages w i th h i s p l a g u y p en;
No m atter th ro w you r orna m e
, nts as id e ,

Be tte
r l et h i m th a nth ew h o l ew orl d d eri d e .

G i vel ig h t to p as sage s t o o m u ch i ns h ad e ,

Nor l e t a d o u b t ob s c u reo n evers eyo u vem ad e '

.

32 441 . T h es u gg e s t io n o f th ean v il h as b eenb eau t i f u ll y elab or ate

d by
Lo w e
ll ( A W i nte
r E vm i n H
g y m
-
nto my F i r e
)
Ho w g l o w s aga in
Th rou gh its d ead m as s th ei n a nde
s c cent vers e ,

A s wh e nu po nthean l s o f th eb a i n vi r
I t g l tt e n
i ri
g l a y y
,
c c10p i ca l l y w u gh t ro
By th ef as t-th b b n g h a mm e
ro i rs o f th ep o et s th ou gh t
'
.

—
33 453 35 47 6 . T h ep i ct u r eof t h es e
l f -w l l e
d i a nd se
lf c onc ei ted poet
- .

34 465 . For d o cl e
E m pe s e
e Sym onds
s , St u die
s o
f f lu : Gr e
ek
1 .
—
37 64 .

33 457 —34 46 7 . B yr o n, H i nts f r om Hor a ce

Wh i l es u ch a m ins t re
l , m u tte
ri ng f u stian s trays ,

O er he d gean d d i tc h th rou gh u n f re e n ed a ys
'

, q u t w ,

I f b y s o mech anc eh ew a l ks into a w el l ,

An d s h ou ts f o r s u cc or w i th s te ntori anye ll ,

A rop e! h e l p Ch ri s ti a n
.
s as y eh op ef o r grac e
,
l
Nor w o m a n m an no r ch i l d w i l l s ti r a p a c e;
, ,

For th erehi s ca rcas s h em igh t f reel y fl ing

From f renz y or th eh u m or o f th eth i ng
,
.

T h o u gh th i s h as h ap p e ne d to m oreb a rd s th a no n e ,

I ll te l l y o u Bu d ge l l s s tory — a n d h a ved o n e
' '
.
,

Bu d g e l l a rogu ea n
,
d ri m e s ter f or no g oo d ,

( U nl e s s h i s cas eb em u c h m i s u n de rs tood ) ,

Wh ente as ed w i th c re d i t ors c o n ti n u a l c la im s
'

T 0 d iel ik eC a to l e ap t i n t o th eT h a m e s !
’

An d th e ref oreb eit l awf u l th ro u g h th etown

For a ny b ard to po is on h ang or d rown , , .

W h o s ave s t h ei nte nd ed s u i c i d er e c eiv es

S m a l l th a n k s f ro m h i m w h o l o a th e s t h el i f eh el e av e
s

An d s oo th to say m a d p o e
,
ts m u s t n
,
o t l os e

T h eg l ory o f th at d e a th t h e y f reel y c h oo s e .

34 47 1 . B i de
nta l . A sp ot st ur ck b y l i g h tni ng, c ons ec rated b y th e
h aru s p i c e
s, a nc l os e
nd e d .
 NO T E S .

VI DA .

39 1T h ro u gh o u t h is p o e
ll
”

. m , V i da i s f re q u entl y i nd eb ted f or pl an,

t h o u g h t , or s i m i l es , to Q u i nt i l i a ns I n s ti t u te r a tor , w h i c h m a e
’
s o
f O y y b
f ou n d i nt r a ns l at io n i n Boh u s Li b r a ry T h os ei n te res ted i n t rac i ng o u t
’
.

t h es u o r c es s h o u l d read ol l ow i ng c h apt ers o f th eI ns ti t u te

s t h ef
Book 1 ,

c h aps 1 2 3 5 6 8 ; Boo k 2 c h aps 1 2 3 4 ; Boo k 8 c h aps

.
, , , , , , .
, , , , .

Boo k 1 0 c h a ps 1 2 3 4 ; B oo k 1 1 c h ap 3
, .
, , , , . .

40 1 1 11 Franc i s w as D a u ph i no f Franc e t h eel d es t so n o f Franc is 1

.
, .

B or nFe h 2 8 1 51 8 h ew as s e
. venyears of agew h enh is f ath er w as d ef eated
, ,

an d t ak e npris o ner b y Ch arl e s V at th eb a t tl eo f P av i a T h en e x t ye ar h e .

an r Henry w ere b y th eT reaty o f M adrid l ef t as h os tage

d h i s b ro t h e s f or
, ,

th e ir f ath er u po nh is l i b eration T h ey w ererans o m ed i n1 52 9 and Franc is .

,

di e d A u g 1 2 1 536 at th eageo f e
.
, igh teen w h il eh i s f ath er w as s ti ll al iv e
, , .

T h eD a u p h i nh a d b e eni nc apt i vit y a ye ar w h en t h i s poe m w as p u b l i sh e d

( 1
5 7
2 )
41 33 . O nth eE pi c cf . A ri s t o tl e
, P oe
ti cs , c h ap . 24 , a nd Si d ne
y D cfi m e ,

o
f P oe
sy 3027 , n d n o t e a .

42 37 P au s a n
. i as D e scr ip t i on o
f G re e,ce R o h ns
( t r a n s ) 1 0 5 7
’
. . .

B u t t h eg re at est an d m os t w i d es pr e a d f a m ea tta c h e s to P h e mo n -
o ew h o ,

w as t h efi rs t p ri e s te ss o f A p o l l o a n d th efirs t w h o r e c i ted th eora c l es i n

,

he x am e te rs A ls o 1 0 6 7 . T h eD e l ph ian
.s be gg. e d A p o l l o t o s h i eld
th e m f ro m th ec o m i n g d a ng er a n d P h em o n o e( w h o w as th en p ri e
, s te ss )

g a v e t h e m t h e f o l l o w i ng or a c l e i n h ex a m e t ers Soo n w i l l P h oe b u s se nd ,

h is h e avy a rro w aga i n s t th em anw h o d e v o u rs P ar nas s u s and t h eCretans ,

s h all p u ri f y P h oeb u s f ro m t h eb l oo d a n d h is f am es h al l ne ver d ie Servi u s ’

, .
,

t h ea n c i ent c om m entator o n Virgi l i denti ti es h er ( o n E u 3 4 55) wi th , . .

th eCu mae a nSi b y l

—
.

42 39 40 — . Ci Ho r . . 3
( 4 ) 38 40
-
.

44 7 5 . Cf . Co ni ngt o n, L i! f? o( W o r k sVi rgi l

o
f Vi r
g i l 1 x x v ) .

“
Su e
toniu s p r e
s e
r v e
s a v ery im portant notic e r egard i ng th e m anner i n
2 52
254 NOT E S .

An nl ow w
d te ord s 011 creep i no ned u l l l i ne;
Wh i l eth ey ri ng rou nd th esa m eu nvari ed ch i me s ,

Wi th s u reretu rns of s ti l l ex p ec ted ri m es :

Wh ereer yo u fi nd th ec oo l ing w es ternb reez e
’

,
’

I nth en e x t l inei t w h is pers th rou g h t h etre es ;

I f c rystal s tream s w i th p l eas ing m u rm u rs c reep ’

,

T h ere ad e r s th reatened (not inva in) w ith s l ee

'

p .
’

T he n at th el as t and onl y c ou p l e
,
t f ra u g h t
With s o m eu nm e an ing th i ng th ey c al l a th ou gh t ,

A n e ed le s s A le xa n d rinee nd s th es o ng
T h a t l i k ea w ou n
, de d sn ak e d rag s its s l ow s tr e ngth al ong , .

52 1 93 H Cf R osc o es Lor e
nd Lif eof Le
nz o de M e
di ci o X
'
’ ’
. . a .

53 205 Re.fe rri ng t o t h ei nvi tat io ns ex tended to th eF renc h and G er

m an s . Vi da s w ork w as p u b l is h ed i n th every y ear o f th esac k o f R om e
’

b y t h ef or e igners F o r th e s ei nvas io ns sees u ch b ook s as G eorge E l iot s

.
’

R om ol a B e , nv enu to Ce llinis Me m oi r s a nd th es ta nda r d h i s t ori e

’
s , .

54 227 Ff V i da f rom ti m eto t i m ei mitates P l u tarch Of t/z e T r a i ni ng

.
,

f
o C l z i l dr e
n ( M o r a l s , c d G oo d w i n 1 3 T
. h e i m i tat io n h er ei s f ro m
, .

c h ap .
7 .

56 263 . T h eSe
ri ns , ri b u tary o f th eA dda w h i ch is
I tal . Se
rio, i s a t ,

i ts el f a tri b u tary o f th eP o R i si ng i nth em o u ntai ns o f th eVal tel l i nes o u th

. ,

o f t h eA dd a an d e as t o f Lak eCo m o i t fl o w s s o u th p ass i n

, g j u s t ea s t
, o f ,

Be r gam o .

56 265 Cl A p ol l o d or u s 2 4 9 :
. He r c u l es w as tau gh t
, . . to pl a y

th e l yr eb y Li n u s w h o w as a b ro th e , r o f O rph eu s T h el atter c am et o .

T he be s an d a c q u ire d c itiz ens h i p th e re O n o neo cc as io n Herc u l es w as .

irritated at b ei ng reb u k ed b y Li nu s a nd s t ru ck h i m d ead w i th th el yre , .

Be i ng arraigned f o r m u rder h ep l ead ed th el aw o f R h adam anth u s w h i c h

, ,

says t h a t h ei s gu i l tl e ss w h o r e e
p s th e u n
l j u st enc ro ach ments o f anoth er ,

an d w as al l o w e d t o go u n p u n i s h e d A m ph i t ryo n f e ari ng t h a t h
. e m i gh t ,

r epea t t h eact s ent h i m aw ay to h er d c attl e

,
”
.

59 31 0 T i b u r is th e m o de
. r n T i v ol i T u s c u l u m th em o dern Fras c at i , .

Se eB a e de ke r s Ce ntr a l I ta ly
’
.

6 2 349 .T h eA n io f orm erl y p arted Lati n f ro m Sab i ne terri tory I t .

p ass e s t h ro u g h T i v ol i a n d em p t i es ,i nt o t h e T i b e r For A l b u n e a s ee n o t e .

o n7 4 538 ; i t w as e i th er a f o u ntai n or a f ores t b u t nei th er th i s p oi nt nor ,

i ts e x a c t s i t eh as b e e nd e te rm i ned .

6 2 354 IT . Ho r ( 27 - 28 ) 366 —
Cf . 386 . .

69 462 . Cf Cru tt w e
. l l , Hi s t R om L i t p p . . . . 2 57 - 2 59 .

69 F o r t h eB a tr a cl z omy om a cl e
eM ah afl y Hi st Gr e
e
'

k Li t
’

463- 464 . ua s , . . .
 VI DA . 255

1 .
90
-
93 . Ch ap m ans t r ans l atio n,
’
r th et itl e T b eB a ttl eof tf z eF r ogs
nd e u ,

nd , m ay b er e
M i ce ferr ed to Se
em y edi t io no f A d d i s o ns Cr i t i ci s m s on ’
a .

P a r a d i s eLost, no teo n1 031 .

69 465 . P o ss i b l y r e
ferri ng to th es t ory of A rac h ne . Se
eO vi d , M e
ta
m orpl z 6 . . 1 - 1 45 .

7 1 486 5 . Cf . Hor E 1) . . 2 . 2 . 6 5—
86 .

74 529 . Cf . E s ch yl u s , P r om e
th e
u s B ou nd .

7 4 534 . Ody s se
y 14 .
3 7
2 —330 ( cf . 19 . 2 96 Heh ad go ne, he

sa id , to D d o o na to h e
c o u ns el o f Z eu s f rom th eh igh l eaf y oak t ree
a th e r
of th e go d h o w h esh o u l d r e , t u r n to th ef at l an d o f I t h a c a a f te r l ong
ab s e nc e w h e th e
, r o penl y or b y s teal th ”
T h es i teo f D o d o na w as d i sco v .

ere d i n 1 87 6 Cf t w o b ook s b y C Carap onos M ém oz r es u r D od onee

’

. . .t ,

l ecu l tedc ? u p z te r Nax os 1 8 n n e e e n e ri

’

77 a d , D o d o t s ,s r u i s P a s ,1 8 7 8 , , .

7 4 536 P au s ani as D e
. scr ip t i ono
f G re ,ec e 1 0 5 : M a n y v a rio u s l e g e n d s .

ar eto l d ab o u t D e l p h i a nd s t i l l m or e ab o u t th eor a c l eo f A p o l l o
, For .

th e y s ay th at i n th em os t anc i ent ti m es i t w as th eorac l eo f E a rth .

A nd w er e a d th a t E a rt h d e l i ve red h er ow n orac l es B u t a f te r w ards .

th e y say th at E arth gav eh er sh areto T h em is and A pol l o rec ei v ed i t f rom ,

The m is De l p h i w as i nP h o c i s
”
. .

7 4 538 F a u nu s . Ci E n 7 80 9 5 : . The . s ep ro d i gi e s d i s t u rb e
. . d th e - “

kin g a n d, s o h e g o e s t o t h e or a c l e o f F au n u s h i s p ro p h e t i c s ir e a n d c o n ,

s u l ts t h e gro v e s ne a th h i g h A l b u n
’
e a w h i c h i s t h e gr e a te st of w oo d s , ,

res o u nd i ng w i t h th em u r m u r o f i ts h ol y f o u ntai n and b reath i ng f orth f ro m ,

i ts d a rk s h ad ea st ron g m e p h i t i c ex h a l a t io n Fro m t h i s gro v e th enatio n s .

o f I t al y an d al l th el and o f ( E no tri a l ook f or r e

,
s on
p se s whe n i n pe r ,

p l ex i t y H i.t h e r t h e p ri e s t b ri n g s h i s gi f t s a n d as s i l e n t n i g h t d r a w s o n ,

l ie s o na b e d of sk in s an d w oo s s l e e p ; t h e n h es e e s m an y ph antoms fl it
ti n g i n w o n d ro u s w i s e a n d b e a r s m a n i f o l d ,v oi c e s an d en joy s t h ec o n v ers e ,

of g o d s a n d a d
, d r e s s e s t h e p o w er s o f A c h e ro n l e t l oo s e t h ro u g h d ee p
A ve rnu s Her e to o at th is ti m e f ath er Lati nu s c o m i ng f or o rac u l ar
.
,

res p o ns e of f ered ind u ef orm an h u ndred w ool l y s h eep a nd l ay rai s ed o n

, ,

th e ir s k i ns and on a b ed o f fl eeces ; s u dd enl y a v oi c ec am ef orth f ro m

th e d e e p g ro v e C f t h e
. Fo u r th C an t o of S.c o tt s L a d y f o ti n ’

74 539 . e eSi d ne
F o r th eSi b yl s
y De f ense5 33 n o t e an d cf t h e ir re s
p , , ,
.

re se ntati o ns o nth ec e i l i ng o f th eSis ti neCh ap el b y M i c h ael A ngel o See , .

al s o th el i neo f th eD i e s I re Te s t eD a vi d cu m Si b y l l a
”
,
“
.

7 5 544 Cf Ci c e ro T u s eD i sp 1 2 3 : I t w as th er ef orel ateb ef or e

. .
, . . . .

p o e ts w e r ee i th e
r k no w n or r e c e
i v e d a m on g u s ; t h o u g h w e fi nd i n C a t o
D e Or zgz ni bu s th at t h egu e
'

s ts u s e d a t th eir enterta i nm ents to sing th e , ,

256 NOT E S .

p r ai s e
s o f f am o u s me
nto th eso u nd of t h efl u te .
”
Cf . Tu sc
. D i s) .
4
. 2 .
3;
B r u tu s 19 .
75 .

74 551 . Cf 1 101 . .
( )
29 39 1 - 398 .

7 5 554 3 . Cf . Horac e
, 0d 3 . . 1 1 . 1 3- 2 0 .

79 30 fl
'

. Cf . Km . 1
( )1 1 36 17 .

8040 17 . Refe
rring to t h eOdy sse
y .

82 7 4 I I or .
( )
1 1 1 40

83 90 0d 9 39- 6 6
. . . .

83 1 00 11 1 9 7 6—24 8
—
. . . .

84 1 02 Gd 9 3 1 6 47 0
. . . .

84 1 13 . I l i a d , Bk 3 . .

85 1 1 9 . 016054 , Bk . 21 .

85 129 A 5" 6 890 Ff ; 3 458 FR ; 6 86 fl

’

. . . . . . .

86 1 35- 137 £ 21 1 0 3 1.0—3 3

1 . . .

86 138 . 11 . 16 . 843- 8 54 .

86 1 42 . 1 2 84 2- 868
. .

86 145 AZ » 10 49 5
-
0
55
—
. . . .

88 170 1 1 5 7 20 7 32
. . . .

89 180 (T 1 1 2 2 1.0- 2
77 . . .

89 180 1813— . 6
37 44 4
- 1 1 . 6
33 37 5,
- cf . 1 2 2- 1 32 , .

89
198- 1 911 O nt h eass u m pt io n t h at V ir gi l w as th es tan
. dar d , and th at
r w as i nf eri o r as anepi c p o et s eeSel l ar , Vi rg i l , pp 66 —
Ho me 67 : D ant e . .

c o mb i nes th ereverencef or a great m as ter w h i c h s eems to b em orenatu ral ,

t o t h ege ni u s o f I t al y t h a nto t h a t o f oth e r nat io ns wi th a h igh s el f eo nfi dence ,

-

an d a bo l d a n d o ri gi n al i nventio n Lu creti u s ex pres s es a s i mil ar enth u s i .

as m f o r Ho m e r E nni u s E m ped o cl es and E pi c u ru s ; and b y Vi rgil th e

, , ,

sa mef e elin g is t h ou
g h no.t d i r e c t l y e x p re ss e d ye t p ro f o u n dl y f e l t t owa rd s ,

Ho me r and Lu c reti u s A nd i n all th es e c as es th ead m i ra tion o f th eir

.

re d ece sso rs is an i n cen t i v e n o t t o im i t a t i ve r e ro d c t io n b t t n e w

p p u , u o ,

cre ati o n . T h ep ro gre ss o f m od e r npo etry w as f o r a l o ng t i m eaec om

p an i ed — a n d i t w o u l d b e d i f f i c u l t t o say w h e t h e r i t w as t h e r e b y m or e
o bs tru cte d or ad va n ce d —h y a ne w u n de rgrow t h o f Lati n po etry f o r t h e ,

h ig h e r f orms o f w h i ch Vi rgi l served as th e pri nc i pal m od el P etrar ch .

atta c h e d m orei m po rt a nc et o h is e i c em f j ra w ri tt e n n i m i i o n
’ '

p p o o A t i ta t r ,

o f t h er h yt h m an d s t yl e o f t h e th an t o h is So n ne ts T h ei nfl u .

e nceo f Vi rgil o n t h el at er R ena is sance i n I tal y is ab u nd a ntl y p ro v e d in

t h ewo rk s o f poe ts sch o l ars a n d me ,
no f l e tt e rs i n t h a t ag e , Ni ne ty e di .

tio n s of h is w o r ks ares ai d t o h a v eb e en p u b l is h e d be f o re th ey e ar 1 500 .

I t was d iscu s se d as ano pe nqu e s t io nw h e th e r t h e[ l i a a or t h ez E na d ’

’

a te
was t h egre r e ic oem a nd i t w as th enn s s ary f or t h e ad mi re
ece rs of
p p ;
 258 NOT E S .

( th eg l an eo f c th es w all o w i ts e lf is c l u ms y a n d s l ow c ompare d to th edart

in g o f c o mm o n h o u s e -fl i e s a t p l a y .
) W h e t h e r i t s h o u l d b e c a ll ed
c o u rage or m erem ec h ani cal i nsti nc t m ay b equ e
, , s t io n e d b u t ass u r e
, dl y n o

oth er anim al ex p osed to c ont i nu al d a nger is so abs ol u tel y w i th o u t s i gn

, ,

of f e ar
”
.

Ou s i m il a r c om pariso n s Ch u r c h sa ys E s say on D a n , te pp 1 4 1 1 44
, .
-

Hee m pl oys w i t h o u t s c ru pl eand o f t e nw i th m arve l o u s f or c eo f d e s cr i p

t io na n y r ec o l l ec t io n t h a t o cc u r s t o h i m h , o w e v e r h o m e l y o,f e v e ry d a y l if e;
t h eo l d t ai l or t h r e ad i n g hi s n e e d l e w i t h t ro u b l e I
( f n : I S ) ;
— t h e c oo k s
’

ass is ta n t w a t ch i n g o v e r th e b oi l i n g b ro t h ( n
1 — th e h u rri e d or
i m pati ent h orsegroom u s i ng h is c u rry c om b ( I nf
- -
. or th ec omm o n
s i g h ts o f th es tr e e t or th ec h am b e r th ew et w oo d s p u tteri ng o nth eh ear th
( f
I n — t h e a
p p e r c h a n g i n g c o l or w h e n a b o u t t o ca tc h fire
( f
I n — t h e s t e a m i n g o f t h e h a n d w h e n b a t h e d i n , w i n t e r ( f :
I n
— onth ew ays and ap pearanc es o f ani mal s ants m eeti ng o n th eir
p a t h ( P u r
g 2 6 .
) — t h e s n a i l d r a w i n g i n i ts h or n s ( fI n th e
h o g s h u t o u t o f i ts s ty a n , d tryi n g t o g or e w i th i ts t u s lcs ( I nf:
t ed gs
h o m i
’
s e ry i n s u m m e r — t h ef rogs j u m p i n g o n t o t h eb an k
be f or et h ew a te r s nak e ( I nf :
- — o r s h ow i ng th eir h eads ab o v ew at er
( 1 n I t m u s t b e s ai d t h a t m o s t o f t h e s ei m age s ,t h o u g h b y no

me an s al l o cc u r i nth eI n
, fi rn o ; an d th a t th ep o e t m e an s t o
p ai n t s i n n o t
me r el y i nth egr eat ness o f i ts r u i na nd m isery b u t i n c h a ra c ters w h i c h al l ,

u n de rs ta nd o f s trangenes s o f v i l eness o f d es pi c ab l ene

, , , ss , bl e nde d w i th
dive rs i fie d and m o n s tro u s h orror
”
.
0

O n t h ege ne ral s u bj ec t cf Bo ss u T r ea l i seof ti l eE p i c P oem Bk

.
, , .

c h a p 3 W esh o u l d no t m ak ec om p aris ons b etw een no b l ea nd i gnob l e

. : ,

be tw e e ngr e at an d i nc o n s i de rab l e th i ngs B u t w h at is b as ea nd i gnob l e

.

at o n eti m ea nd i no nec ou ntry i s no t al ways s o i no t h ers W eareapt to .

s m i l ea t H o m e r s c o m pari ng A j ax to a nass i nh is I l i a d Su c h a c o mpari

’
.

s o nn ow adays w o u l d b ei nd ec ent a nd ri di c u l ou s b ec au s ei t w o u l d b ei nd e ,

c ent and ri d i c u l ou s f o r a pers o n o f q u al i ty to rid eo n s u c h a steed B u t .

he reto f or eth is ani m al w as i n b etter r epu te; k i ngs and p ri nc es d i d no t

d is dai nth eb e as t s o m u c h as m e ret rad es m en d o i n o u r ti m es T is j u st ’
.

th esa m ew i t h m an y o th er s i m il es w h i c h i n H omer s t im ew ereall ow ab l e ’

.

W esh o u l d no w p i ty a p o e t t h at sh o u l d b eso s i l l y a n d ri d i c u l o u s as t o
c om par ea h ero to a p i ec eo f f at ; yet Hom er d oes it i n a c om paris o n h e
m ak e s o f Ul yss e s An
. d th e H o l y G h os t h i m s e l f w h i c h ca nno t b es u p
,

p o s e d t o h av ea w ro n g s e n s e o f t h i n g s b
, e g i ns t h e e n c o m i u m o f D a v i d by
t h is i d e a A s is th ef a t tak e
: na w ay f ro m th ep e a c eo f f e ri ng s o w as Davi d
,

ch ose n o u t o f th ech il dre no f I s rael ( E c cl esi as ti c u s 47 T h er e as o n

’
.
 VI D A . 259

of th is is th at i n th e s ep ri m i t i v eti m e s wh e rein th esacrifices o f th et ru e ,

rel igio nas w el l as o f t h ef al s ew erel i vi ng creatu res th eb l oo d a nd th ef a t ,

we rer ec k o ned th em o st nob l e th em os t au gu s t and th em ost h ol y th ings ,

”
, .

W i th th ef ore g oi n g c o m p a r e A dd i s o n S p e c ta to r N o 1 6 0 : A t , t h e .

sa m et i m et h at w eal l ow a g r e at e r a nd m oreda ri ng geni u s to th eanc i ents ,

w em u s t ow nth at t h egr e at e st o f th e m ve ry m u c h f ail ed i n or i f you w il l , , . ,

th at t h e y w erev ery m u c h ab ov eth eni c ety and c orr ec tness of th em odem s , .

I nth e ir s i m i l i tu d es and al l u s io ns p ro vi d ed th er ew as a l i k enes s th ey d i d , ,

no t m u ch trou b l eth e ms e l ve s a b o u t t h ed e c ency o f th ec om pari s on; th u s

Sol o m o nr e se mbl e s t h en oseo f h i s b el ov ed to th etow er o f Leb ano nw h i ch
l ook e th t ow ard D am as c u s ; as t h e c om i n g o f a t h i ef i n th en ig h t i s a
s i m i l i t u d eo f t h esam ek i n d i n t h eNe w Te s ta m e nt I t w o u l d b ee nd l e ss .

to m ak ec ol l e c tio ns of th is natu r e Ho m er i ll u strates o neo f h i s h eroes .

e nc o m pass e d w i th th ee ne m y b y a n ass i n a h e l d o f c or n t h at h as h i s ,

si de s be l ab or e d b y al l th eb oys o f th ev i l l agew i th o u t s tirri n g a f oo t f o r it ;

an d anoth e r o f th em t oss ing to and f ro i nh i s b ed and b u rni ng wi th res ent ,

me nt to a pi e
,
c eo f fl esh b roil ed on th ec oal s T h i s parti c u l ar f ail u r ei n .

th ea n c ients opens a l argefiel d of r ai l l ery to th el i ttl ew i ts w h o can l au gh ,

a t ou r i n de c ency b u t not r el is h th es u b l i m ei nth es es orts o f w ri ti ngs

, .

I ns h or t to cu t o f f al l c av i l i n
, g g a a i n s t t h e a n c i en t s a nd p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o se ,

o f t h ew ar m e r cl i m ates w h o h ad m ost h eat and l i f ei n th eir i magi natio ns

, ,

w ea re t o c o n si de r th at t h er u l eo f o b servi ng w h at t h eFrench c al l th e
B ie m éa ncei nanall u s io n h as b e e n f o u nd o u t o f l atte r years a nd i n th e ,

c ol d er regions o f th ew orl d ; w h erew ew o u l d m ak es om eam ends f o r o u r

w an t o f f or c ea n d s p iri t b y a s c r u p u l o u s ni c e ty an d e x ac t n e ss i n ou r co m

o s i t io n s O u r c o u n t rym a n Sh a k e spe are w as a r e m a r k a b l e i n s t n c e f t h i

p . a o s

firs t k i nd o f gr e at ge ni u s e s
”
T h es i m i l eto w h i c h b ot h Bos s u an
. d A dd i so n
ref er i s f ro m th eOdy sse y 2 0 2 5 2 8 : A n d ,as w .h e n a m a n
-
b y a g r e a t fi r e
b u rni n g tak e s a p a u n c h f u ll o f f a t a n d b l oo d and t u r n s i t t h i s w ay a n d ,

t h at an d l on g s t o h a v e i t ro as t e d m o s t s p e e d i l y s o O d yss e u s t o ss e d f ro m ,

s i d eto s i d e
”
.

96 291 . E n 9 7 89—
(
79 8 . w h e r.e T u r n u s i n retr eat is c o m par ed to a
,

l io n I nth etran
. sl atio n I l io n i s o f c o u rs ea m i s tak e ,
.

96 292 . 11 . 1 1 . 8- 6
55 5 5 .

97 301 Ff . not eo n96 291

Cf . .

9 7 306 . Cf Hor ( 12) 1 51 ( 25)

. .
, 338 .

97 30 —
7 31 4 . 11 6 . . 1 1 9 - 2 37 .

98 320 . 0d . 12 .
39 5 39
-
6 .

98 322 . 11 . 1 9. 0
4 4 41
-
7; cf . 1 7 .
4 26
—
440 ,

98 393 . ( En . 1 0 2 2 5- 245
. .
260 NOT E S .

98 324 . AE n . 6 89 3 89 6 ;
.
-
Od . 19 .
56 2 6
5 5
-
.

99 329 . Cf . 11 . 2 . 23 —33 w i th 60- 7 0 .

99 332 . 11 . 1 .
36 4
-
39 2 .

99 336 . Cf . 11 9 . . 1 2 2 - 1 57 w th 2 64 i —299 .

99 337 . £ 77 . 1 1 . 24 3 2 9 5 — .

100347 . I l i a d , Bk 5 . .

1 00350 . 11 8 1- 27
. . .

1 00353 Ody s se na d Bk 6
'

.
y , Bk 1 1 ; . z E ,
. .

100355 . I I 1 0 2 7 2- 2 7 7 ;
. . 13 . 8 2 1 - 82 3; 24 . 2 90- 32 1 0d . 24 . 24 2- 2 4 3 ;

E n 1 390 ; 1 2 244 2 6 5
. . .
-
.

1 00356 0d 8 4 7 0- 586 ; B k s 9
. . . .
, 1 0, 1 1 , 1 2 ; 13 . 1 —1 6 ; z E n. 1. 69 7

756 ; Bk s . 2, 3 .

1 01 ne
’

359 . I l i a d, Bk . 2 3; E z d Bk 5 , . .

1 01 362 . A p oll o d oru s, 1 .

4 1 ;
. H y gi nu s , F a él e1 40 .

101 363 . £ 77 . 8 . 1 84- 0

3 5 .

1 01 36 9 . d in . 1 . 81- 1 2 3; 3 . 1 9 2 - 204 .

1 01 37 2 . 25 17 .
3 . 1 37 - 1 4 2 .

1 02 37 4 ti . A i m 3 57 1 — 58 2 . .

1 02 38 1 . Cf Si dney, D e
.
f en s eo
f P oe
sy 6 28 11 .

102 384-
394 . E n
2 9 8 7 94 . 2 .
-
.

1 07 449 . P ope
, E ss ay o n Cr i t i ci s m 80—8 7
S o m eto w h o m He
a veni nw it h as b eenp rof u s e
, ,

Wa nt as m u h m oreto tu rnit to i ts u s e; c

For w it a nd j u dg m ent o f ten rea t s tri f e a ,

T h ou gh m e an te a c h ot h e r s ai d l i kem na nd w i f e '

,
a .

T i s m oreto g u i d eth ns p u r t h eM u s es s te ed
’ '
a ,

Re st i nh is f ry th np rovo k eh is s p eed ;
ra u a

T h ew i n ged c o u rs er l i kea generou s h o s e , r ,

S h ow s m os t tr u em e t tl ew h eny o u c h ek h is c o u rs e c .

1 07 455 Ff . Cf . I I or .
( 1 2 1 3) -
1 56 - 1 7 8, ( 23-
24 ) 3 1 2-
31 8 ; A ri s t o tl e
, P oet i cs

4 . 2 .
3: i m i tateis i ns ti nc ti vei n m an f rom h is i nf anc y By t h i s h e
“
To .

i s d i s ti ng u i s h ed f ro m o t h er a n i m a l s t h a t h e i s o f al l t h em o s t i m i ta t i v e , ,

an d t h ro u g h t h i s i n s ti n c t r ec ei ves h is earl i es t ed u c atio n A l l m enl i k ew is e .

natu ral l y r ec e i v epl eas u ref ro m i m i ta ti o n T h is i s ev i dent f ro m w h at w e .

e x e
p ri en c e i n v i e w i n g t h e w or k s o f i m i t a t i v e a rt ; f o r i n t h em w e c o nt em

p l a t e w i t h p l e
as u r e a n d w i t h t h em or e p l
, e as u r e t h e m or e ex a c tl y t h e
y ar e
i mi tated s u c h o bj ects as i f r eal w e c o u l d no t s eew i t h o u t p ai n: as th e
, , ,

figu re s o f th em e an e s t an d m o s t d i s gu s t i n g a n i m al s d e a d b o d i e s an d t h e , ,

l ike .
”

1 08 47 2- 47 7 . z E n . 10 . 1 —1 1 7 .
26 4 NOT E S .

s ions w h i ch c o ntri b u teso m u c h to s u ccess i nw ri ti ng aref req u entl y ma d e

, ,

t h ec a u s e
s an d f ou n d ation s o f o p p o s i t e f ai l u r e s
”
G orgi as l iv i ng s e
p u l .
’

c h r es areparall el ed b y Sh ak es pear es O u r m onu m ents Sh all b eth em aw s ’

o f k ite
( a cb
’
s M 3 4 7 2 . . .

Ci P op e E ssay on Cr i ti ci sm 31 5 333
.
,
-

O th e rs f o r l n g gu a e a l l t h eir ca r e ae x p r e
s s ,

An d a l u eb oo k s as w o m e
v nm en f o r d re ss ; , ,

T he i r p ra is ei s s ti l l — th es tyl ei s ec e ll ent ,
x ,

T h es e ns eth e y h u mb l y tak eu p o nc o ntent .

Wo rd s arel i kel eaves ; a nd w h ereth ey m os t ab ou nd

M u ch f ru i t o f s e ns eb e neath i s ra rel y f o u nd .

Fal s eel oq u ence l i keth ep ri s m ati c gl as s , ,

I ts g a u d y c o l ors s p re a ds o ne very p la ce;

T h ef a ceo f Natu rew en o m ores u r ve y;
A l l g l a re s a l i k e w i t h o u t d i s ti n ctionga y ,
.

B u t t r u ee x p re s s io n l i k eth eu n ch a n i
g g n s u n , ,

Cle a rs a n d i m p rove s w h a t ee r it s h i nes u p o n; '

I t gi l d s a l l ob j e cts b u t it a l ters none ,

.

E x p re ss io ni s th ed re s s o f th o u g h t a n d s ti l l ,

A p pe a rs m ored e cent as m oresu itab l e; ,

A v i l ec o n ceit i np o m p ou s w ord s ex p ress ed ,

I s l i k ea c l o wni nre ga l p u rp l ed re sse d :

F o r d if f e rent s tyl es w ith d i f f erent s u b j ects s ort ,

A s se veral ga rb s w ith co u ntry tow n a nd c ou rt , , .

1 28 1 63 . Si m i l e .

1 1 3 542 fi
' '

1 29 1 86 fi . Cf . .

1 31 21 0 f i . Cf . Si d ne
y, D e
f n
e seo
f P oe
sy , no teo n53 1 6, and Lo ngi nu s ,
O ntf z e S u bl i m e 1 3, 14; a
p a rt of th el att e is r qu oted i n m y ed i tio n o f
A dd i s o ns Cr i ti ci s m s nP a r a d i seLost no teon1 009
’
’
o , .

133 234 f f . Cf . 2 5 72 .
4 . 2 38 —0
7 5 .

1 35 26 7 301 - . Cf . Hor ( 4 6 ) .
-
48- 7 2 .

1 37 302 ff . Pe
ri ph ras e .

1 37 309 . So Q u i nti l i an 1 , .
5 6 6 C.f Si d n e
.y , D e
f e
n s e55 25,
. note .

1 37 r te
Pe r r z cr e Fro m Lu c r eti u s, 6 1 29
’

31 1 .
p a r . . .

1 38 31 6 . T me
s is .

1 38 324 . o u r c eis pro b ab l y Serv i u s on2 6 21 1 34 7

T h eau th or
’
s s . . .

1 40355 . Fro m h er eto l i ne4 54 i s p erh aps th em os t origi nal portio n

o f V i d a s w or k
’
Hal l am s ays Li t of E u r op e c h ap 8
. I t h as b een , .
, .

obse rv ed th at h ei s th efirs t w h o l ai d d o w n r u l es f o r i m i ta tiv eh ar m o ny ,

i l l u s tr ati ng t h em b y h is o w nex am pl e Ci D ryd ens th o u gh t o nth i s s u b . .

’

j ce t of h ar m o ny ( D i s cou r s eon E
p i c P oe t r
y ) : B u t V ir gi l w h o nev e
r
“
,
 VI DA . 26 5

a tt e
m pt e
d th el yri c v ers ei s everywh ereel egant sw eet and flowi ng i n h i s
, , ,

he x am e te rs His w ords arenot onl y c h os en b u t th epla c es i nw h i ch h e

.
,

rank s th em f or t h es o u nd ; h ew h o rem ov es th em f ro m th estatio nw h erei n

th e ir m as ter s ets th em spoil s th eh ar m o ny W h at h esays o f th eSi b yl s .
’

ro h e c i e m b e ro e r l y l i e d t e v e ry w or d o f h i s — th e y m t
p p s a y a s p p a pp o u s

b er e ad i nor d e r as th ey l i e; th el eas t b reath dis c om p os es t h em and so m e ,

w h at of th e ir d iv i nity is l o st I c annot b oas t th at I h av eb een t h u s ex ac t

.

i nm y v e rses ; b u t I h aveendeav or ed to f ol l o w th eex am pl eo f m y m as ter ,

an d am th efirs t E n g l i s h m a n p e r h a p s w , h o m a d e i t , h i s d e s i gn t o c o p y h i m
i nh is nu m b e rs h i s c h oi c eo f w ords and h is p l aci ng th em f o r th esw eet
, ,

ne ss o f t h eso u n d O nth is l as t c o n
. sid e ratio nI h aves h u nned th ecms u ra
a s m u c h as p o ss i b l y I c o u l d ; f o r w h e rev er th at is u s ed i t gi v es a rou gh ness
t o th ev e rse of w h i c h w ecanh av el i ttl eneed i na l angu agew h i c h is ov er
,

s to ck e d w i th c o ns o n an ts T h e I tal i a n
. s a ref or c e d u pon it on c eor
tw i c ei n e v ery l i ne b ec au s eth ey h av ea red u nd anc y o f v ow el s i n th eir
,

l an u
g g ;a e th e ir m e t a l i s s o s o f t t h a t i t w i l l n o t c oi n w i t h o u t a l l oy t o h a r d e n
it . O nth eo th e r s i de f or th ereas onal rea dy nam ed i t is al l w ecand o to
, ,

g i v e s u f fi c i e n t s w ee t n e ss t o o u r l a n g u a g e ; w e m u s t n o t o n l y c h oo s e ou r

w or ds f o r e le g a n c e b u t f o r s o
, u n d — to p e r f or m w h i c h a m a s t ery i n t h e
l an g gu a e i s r e q u ir e d ; t h e p o e t m u s t h a v e a m a g a z i n e o f w or d s a n d h a v e ,

t h ea rt to ma n ag eh i s f e w v ow e l s to th eb e s t a d v an tage th at t h e y m ay go ,

th ef a r th e r Hem u st al s o k no w th enat u reo f th ev o w el s — w h i c h are

.

m ores o noro u s an d w h i c h m or eso f t a n

, d sw e e t an d s o d i s po s eth e m as
h is pre se nt o cc as ions r e qu ir e; al l w h i c h and a th o u sand s ec rets o f v ers i fi ,

c ationb es i d eh em ay l earnf rom Virgi l i f h ew i l l tak eh i m f o r h is gu i d e

, , .

So al s o i nh i s D i scou r seon Sa ti r e Bu t v e rs ificati ona n d n u mb e rs are

t h egr e at e st pl e as u r e s of
p o e t ry V ir g i l k n
. e w i t a n d p r a c t i s e d b o t h s
, o

h ap p i l y th at f o r a u gh t I k n
, ow h is greates t ex c el l ency i s i n h is d i ctio n
, .

I nal l o th e r parts o f p o et ry h ei s f au l tl ess b u t i n th is h epl a c ed h i s c h ief ,

p e r f e c t io n
.
”
N o t e P o p e s i m i t a t io n ’
o f V i d a i n h i s E s s a
y on Cr i ti ci s m ,

36 2 383
-
.

1 42 37 3 . Cf £ . 72 .
4 . 1 80 .

1 42 37 4 . Se
es u ch l i ne
s as £ 21 .
5 .
7 21 .

1 42 37 5 Se
e, f or e
x a m pl e 2 2221 6 8
3 5 ; 4 1 81

—
.
, . . . .

1 42 37 7 . E u .
5881
59 .1 .

1 42 37 9- 38 1 . I h av enot f o u nd V i d a s ori gi nal h er e W i th ’

. 380 w em ay
c om par eM il ton Ou , ( I nM or ni n
g f
o s r i s t s Na t i v i ty 1 7 2 :
’

Sw i nge
s th es ca l y h orror o f h is f o l d ed ta l i .

1 42 385 . CL / E n .
266 NOT E S .

142 386 . Cf £ . 21 . 1 . 84 .

8 690 ; t h eb e
tt e
r m anu s cr i pts th eE nd d
'

142 387 E cl
. u .
5 . 1 43 ; .

h av e tr id e
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1 43 388 389 — . E u .
5 866 ; . Ge
org . 1 . 6
35 357
- .

1 43 390 . 1 4521 . 1 0 29 1 . .

143 391 . £ 21 . 1 . 1 05 .

1 43 392 . £ 22 .
3 58 1 —5
.8 2 .

143 393 . E u . 8 69 2 . .

143 395 . E u . 8 8 7 - 88
. .

143 396 . /E u . 8 9 1 ; 4 398

. . .

1 43 399 . £ 72 .
7 74. .

143 400-401 . E u .
7 46 2 -
.
464 .

1 44 406 . Al a . 10 . 1 .

144 409-4 1 0
. £ 77 . 12 . 86 3—864 .

1 44 41 4 . 2 6 71 .
5 4 2 2 . .

144 415 . P rob ab l y r e fe

rri ng to 0d . 1 1 .
59 3 6 00 - . M agno mol im i ne i s
f ou nd Lu e
r .
4 902
.
; O v i d , Al e
x . 12 .
357 .

1 45 41 7 —
41 8 . Ge
org . 2 .
—
399 400 .

1 45 41 9 . E u .
3 549
. .

1 45 421 - 422 . Ge
or
g 3 4 1 6 -
4 2 1 . . .

1 45 423 . £ 21 .
4 59 4 ; 9 37
. . .

1 45 425 . 2 6 77 . 2 2 50
. Lo ng f e
ll o w h as b e
a u t
. i f u l l y xe
e m pl i fie
d th is l i ne

Wh end e
s ce
nd s o nth eA tl anti c
T h eg ga n t i ic
St or m -w i nd o f th ee
qu ino x ,

La nd w a d i nh i s w ra t h h es r c ou rges
T h eb
oil ing s u rges ,

nw it h s e
La d e a we ed f ro m t h erocks -
.

Fro m th et u m b l i ng s u rf ,
th a t b u ie
rs

T h eO k n
y r r ie
eans k e s r ,

An s we ri ng th eh oa rs eHeb ri d es
An d f ro m w r e ck s o f s h ip s a nd d ri f ti ng ,

S p a rs u p l i f ti ng ,

O h th ed e s o l a t e ra i ny seas , .

1 4 5 426 . £ 71 .
5 4 8
. 1 ; cf . no tei nCo ni ngtons e
d i t ion
’
.

145 429 -
430 . A i m 7 6, . 27 —2 8 .

145 432 .
544 £ 21 . 2 . .

1 46 435 E u 5 396
—
. . . .

146 437 - 438 z E n 1 1 614 61 5

. . . .
 NO T E S .

BO I LE A U .

1 59 1 0 - . Cf . “ or ( 27
.
-
28 ) —
366 386 .

1 59 7 - 12 . Cf . “ or .
( 3 4 ) 38
- -
4 1 .

1 60 1 7 . AI a /l z e
r be . I nh is O de
s . Ou th e
s ese
eLal anne, Noti ceB i o
/ n em r Al a l t e e( O Su
/ b ‘ e i n L e s Gr a n d : E cr i va i m del a F r a n ce
'

g ra
p q u . r v r s, ,

I x x iv )
. P oe try to or d e r po et ry i ns pir ed b y th ew i sh to o b t ai n or r epa y
,

a be ne fit or a f av or , t h i s f or m s t h el a rg e s t an d m o s t i m p or ta nt p a r t o f h is
w ork f ro m t h em o m e nt w h e nh ees t ab l i s h e d h i ms e l f at Co u r t ; an d s in g ar
u l ,

to o b s e rv e a mo ng th i s p o etry is th em os t b eau ti f u l w h i c h fl o w ed f rom h i s

,

p e n . I f e v e r m a n h a d t h e c o ns ti t u t io n o f an of fi ci al p o e t t h a t m anw as ,

"
r b e T h e l ast s ent enc e m ay b e ab u ndantl y i ll u s trated T h u s
M al h e . .
,

be g i n n i n g i n t h e y ea r 1 6 09 w h en H e n ri, IV w as fi f ty s i x y e a r s. o f a g e a n
-
d ,

Ma l h e r b e h i m s e l f fi f t y
-f o u r h e w ro t e b y, or d e r o f t h, e K i n g a s er i es o f ,

h y epo e ms , to ass is t th eam oro u s s o vr an i n h i s c o u r ts h i p or t o c o n s ol e ,

h i m f o r th el oss , o f th eyo u n g C h a r l o t t e d e M o n t m or e n c y w h o m h e h a d
,

m arri e d i nth esa m ey e ar t o t h eP ri n c eo f Co nd é T h el atter w as o b l iged .

to e s c a ew i t h h i s b ri d ef ro m th eCo u r t s o v iol e n as t h eK i n s p ass io n

’

p t w .
g .

Se eal s o not eo n1 66 1 31 .

IVa l /cr I ns u c h p o e
. m s as T o my Lor d P r ote ctor
( 5)
1 6 6 a n d T 0 M e
Kin g p u o n h i s I l l a
j ye s t : I l a
ppy
’
R e t u r n S e e j o h n s o n ’
s L if e o
f
Wa l l e I t is n o t p oss i b l eto r e ad w i th o u t s o m e d re eo f c ontem p t
r ,
g ,

o e s o f t h es ameau th or as c ri b i n h e h i h e e e e f e n d e
’

p m g t
, g s t d g r o p o w r a p y
z l

t o Ch ar l e s t h eFi rs t , t h e nt r ans f e rri ng th es am ep ow er a nd p i e ty t o O l i v e r

Cro mw e ll ; n ow i n v i ti ng O l i ver to tak eth ec ro w n and th enc o ngrat u l at i ng ,

Ch arl e s t h eSe c o nd o nh i s r ec ov er ed righ t Nei th er Crom w el l no r Ch arl es .

c o u l d val u eh is testi m o ny as th eef f ec t o f c o nv i c tio n or rec ei v eh is p r ais es ,

as t h ee f f u s io no f r e v erenc e; th ey c o u l d c onsi d er t h em b u t as th el ab or o f
i nventio nand th etri b u teo f dep endenc e Seeno teo n166 1 31 ”
. .

1 60 1 8. R o m a 1 598 .
- 16 0
7 I n h i s p as t or
. a l d r a m a , L e : B e rg erie s,

i m i tated f rom t h eA sh ! : of B Urf é

’
.
 B01 LE A U . 269

Sp e
nse
r . Se
eE cl ogu e
s 1 4 6 an d , , 1 2 of th eSlu fl m d ' ’
: Ca l e
nda r .

1 6021 . St . A m ant is me ant ( 1 594 au th or of t h eh e roi c i dy l , as

h eh i mse c al l s i t o f M oi seSa u w Cf Sain ts b u ry H i st F r e

nch L i t
'

lf , . .
, . .

p .2 79 F.ar et w as a f ri end o f St A m an t . .

B a ba r ta s 1 544 1 590 .A Fr e nc h Hu gu e not nob l e au th or of s e

-
v er al
.
,

r el igio u s po ems of w h i ch th em os t noted w as transl ated int o E ngl ish i n

,

1 598 b y J os h u a Sy l v e r u nd er th eti tl eo f D i v i ne ”f ed : a nd Wor ks

s te
'

, , .

Sai n ts b u ry pra is e s h i m h i g h l y ( H i st F r an c]: Li t p p 2 1 1 Seeal s o . . .

th eacc o u n t g i ve ni nM orl e y s F i r st Skate ]; of E n g L i t

’
. .

1 60 27 - 16 1 38 Ct Hor
‘

. . . 23
( ) 309 .

16 2 39 . i d ( Le B a t te
: Qu a tr eP oéti u qs ) :
u x q T h e r e sai s no t o ne of

th e s et e nl i nes w h i ch do e s n ot de serveto b em edi tated b y ev ery onew h o

w ri t e
”
s .

16 2 56 Fro m Bk 3 o f Scu d éry s A l a r i c w i th th e s u b sti tu tion o f

. .
’
,

‘
as t r agal e
s f or c o u ro n
‘
ne s
’
I n t h is T h ir d Boo k ab o u t 480 l i n e s are .
’
,

tak e nu p w i th th ede s c ri ptio no f a p al ac e b e gi nni ng w i t h t h e f ac a d e a nd , ,

end i ng w i th th ega rd en .

1 6 2 62 . Cf . H o r ( 25) 337 . .

1 6 2 64 . Cf . Hor ( 3) 31 . .

16 2 65- 1 6 3 68 Cf Hor ( 3) 25- 28

—
. . . .

1 63 7 5 7 8 . Cf . Ho r ( 25) . 343- 345 . Li ne7 6 is th eorigi nal of P op es

’

linei nt h eE ssay nM a n 4 380 o , . .

1 64 86 Apol l ontr a v e Re fe rri ng to th e Vi rg i l : tr a ve Sca rro n

'

. st i . st i ol .

T ab a ri nw as a c eleb rated m ou nte

b a nk o f t h epe d rio .

1 64 90 D A ssou 1 604 T r ansl a t e i nto b u rl e

squ ev ers e
'

d
’
. a .

Cl a u di ans R ap eof ep i neand part o f O vi d s M e ta m orph ose

’ ’
P r os r s , .

M ock T e mpe st W ri tte n b y D u f f et a l ow au th or e

. m pl oy e d b y th e ,

p l a y er s o f t h e K i ng s h o u s et o c o m p o s ep aro d i e
s o n t
’
h e-o p er as b y w h i c h ,

th eD u k es Com p an
’
y at oneti meattra ct ed l argea u d ienc es A cc ord i ngl y .

h ew ro tea M o c k T e m pe st P s y c h eD e b au c h ed and ot h e r p i ec e s o f th e
,
’
,
’

s a m ek i n d T h efi rs t w as so i n
. de c ent th at i nDu b l i nth el adi e s an d pe opl e
of ran k le f t th eh o u s eto th er ab b l ew h e ni t w as ac te N o e n c o
”
( i
’
d t S t t s .

D ry de n) .

1 64 94 Typlz on By Sca rro n( 1 6 1 0

. Seeno teon1 64 86
. .

F le ck n oe Se eD ry de ns p o e m o f M a cF l e t kn oe
’
. .

1 64 96 M a r at
. Se e1 66 1 1 9 B u tl e r Sam u e
. l B u tl e r ( 1612 . .

au th or of H u di br a s .

1 64 98 . T h eP o nt Ne
u f w as th e c u s tom ary r es ort of q u a c k s and Pu nch
a nd -J u d y s h ow m e
n .

164 1 00 Fro m of Bré b e t an

r sl at iono f ns l r m l za .
’
’
Bk u f Lu
’
. .
7 s ca
27 0 NOT E S .

B r i dl eu p , e
tc . From th e Se
cond We
ek ( se
enoteon 1 60 F irst
D ay , Fo u rth P art .

1 6 5 1 06 . T h el i nei ll u s t rat e
s i ts e
lf .

1 65 1 1 3 T he
s es ta tements m u s t betak enw i th m u o wanc e I n ch al l .

so m er e spe c ts th el ater M i d dl eA g e th at near er B oi l eau w as i nf erior t o , ,

t h ee a rl i e
r and h ew as m i s l ed b y co nfini ng h is o b s ervations to th ef orm er
, .

B u t i nge
, ne ral b ew as too igno rant and u napp rec i ati veo f th eli tera t u r e
,

o f t h eM i ddl eA g e s to e nti tl ehis j u dgm e nt r es pe c ti ng th ee ar l i es t mas t e rs

o f t h ese veral p o et i c s pec i es to u nc ri ti c al acc eptanc e .

16 5 1 1 7 Vz l l on T h is i s a n
. i c k nam eb y w h i c h is k n
. owna p o et w h os e
real nam es t il l r ema i ns i nd is p u t enot wi th s ta nd i ng th enu m erou s i nve s ti ga
,

t io ns o f w h i c h i t h as b e ent h es u bj ec t His d at eis 1 431 ( p er h aps l a t e r) .

ca 1 4 8 H i s po e t ry h o f l a t eb e en o m ew h t t h i h l y r i sed T he
.
5 . as s a o o g p a .

be st k n o w no f h is po em s is a b al l ad e h eh as b een cal l ed th ep ri nc eo f
b all adem ak e w i t h th er e f ra i n
’
-
rs

M o nt l es neig es d a ntan
a s ou si ’

rea reth es nows o f yes ter yea r

Bu t wh e -

Se
e Sai ntsb u y 1 1 7111 F re
u d : Li t 1 56 —1 58 or R L Ste
v ens ons ’
r , . .
pp .
, . .

F a m i l i a r St u d i e
s o M m
f nd B ooks Hi s w ork s h av eb e a ent rans l ate . d i nt o
En g l i s h b y j o h n P a y ne S w i nb u r n e s v e rs io .n o f h i s E p p z , or B a l l a de
i ta / ’

o ti nGi bb” m ay b ef o u n
f , d i n G l e es o n W h i t e s c o l l e c t io n o f B a ll a de : an d
’

R onde au s
p 9 4 , I f V.i l l o n .w as t h e p ri n c e o f b a l l a d e -
m a k e rs h e w as a l so ,

t h ep ri n c eo f r asc al s .

F a i rf a x E d w ar d Fair f ax ( d 1 6 35) p u b l i s h e
. d i n 1 600 h is tr an . s l a ti o n

o f T ass o s _
‘
7
’
er u r a l e
m D e l i v er ed ( re p ri n t i n t h e C a ri s b roo k e L i b ra ry R o u t ,

le dge Ne ,
w Yor k se e t h e ar t i cl eb y E K o e
, pp e l i n A ng l i a 12 . .

1 03- 1 4 2 . D ry d en, P r e
f a ceto 117 : F a bl e
W : c
S tt o 1 —
1 206 20 7 ) or ks , cd . , .

F o r Sp e nse r and Fair f ax b o th flou ris h ed inth er eigno f Q u eenE l i z ab eth ;

g r ea t m as t ers i n o u r l a ng g
u a e a nd w h o sa w m u ch f a rt h e r i nt o th eb eau tie
, s

of ou r n u mb e rs th an th os ew h o i mm ed iatel y f ol l ow ed th em M il tonw as .

t h epo e t i c al so no f Sp e ns er and M r Wal l er o f F a i rf ax ; f or w eh aveo u r

, .

lin eal d e s ce nts and c l ans as w e ll as o t h er f am i l i es M il to n h as .

ac k n ow l ed ge d to m et h at Sp e nser w as h is ori gi nal ; and many be s i des

m ys e lf h aveh e ar d W a l l er o w nth at h ed eri ved th eh arm o ny o f h is nu mb ers

f ro m G odfi e y f B u ll oig n
o ew h i c h w as t u r ne
d in to E n gl is
, h b y M r F ai r f ax . .
”

1 66 1 1 9 M a at
. Ca 1 49 7 1 544r T h el as t e
. mi n .ent re p res e nt
-a t i v e of .

me diae val poetr y i n F ra nc e Spens er i m i tated h i m i n pas t oral See . .

Sai nts b u ry , Hi st F r e
u d Li l pp 1 7 2 tf . . . .

B all a d a F or th eba ll ad e
.
, th etrio l e
t . nd
a th ero nde
au , e
eGl e
s es on
 ms e
th e l ves or any of th e ir c ontem p oraries , ti l l th e l as t d a s , th at R
ir y onsa r d
h a d f a il e
d .
”

1 66 1 31 . M e 1 555 1 6 2 8 Sai nts b u ry pp 2 7 5 2 7 6 : H is firs t

a ll u r b .
-
.
,
.
- “

a tt e m p t w as th eov e rth ro w o f th eP l etade Heri d i c u l ed th eir ph ras eol og y .

,

f row n ed o n th e ir m e tre s an d be i ng h im sel f dest i t u teo f th ero m a nt i c

, ,

i ns piratio n w h i c h h ad animated th em set h i msel f to r edu c ep oetry t o ,

c aref u l l y w or ded m etri c al p ros e

-
M al h e rb ei s no t w orth y as a p o et
.

to u n l o o s e t h es h o el at c h e t o f R on
-
sa r d T h ei nfl u e nceo f Boi l e au .

ca m erap i dl y to s ec o nd th at o f M al h erbe and t h eres u l t is t h a t no t a s i ngl e ,

p o e t — t h e d r a m a t i s t s a re h e r ee x cl u d e d — o f t h es e v e nt e
e n t h c ent u ry i n
Fra nc edes erves m oreth an f a ir sec o nd c l ass rank Se enote s o n 1 60 1 7
” -
.

an d 1 66 23 .

l Va ll e r . 1 605 1 68 7 J oh ns o n L if eof Wa l ler : H ec er tai nl y v ery

-
.
“
,

mu ch e x ce ll ed i n s m oo th n e ss m o s t o f th ew ri t e rs w h o w e rel i v i ng w h en
h is p oe t ry c o m m e nc e d T h ep o e ts o f E l i z a b e
. t h h a d at t a i n ed a n a rt o f
m o d u l a tio n w h i c h w as a f te rw ar ds negl ec ted or f orgott en Bu t h e .

w as r at h e r s m ooth th a n s t ro ng ; o f th ef u l l r esou ndi ng l i new h i c h P o p e

a t t ri b u t e s t o D ry d n h eh as gi v e e n ve
, ry f ew ex am pl es B u t o f th e .

r a is e o f W al l er t h o u gh m u c h m ay b et ak e n a w ay m u c h w i l l r e m ai n; f o r
p , ,

i t can not b edenie d th a t h ead d e d som e th i ng to o u r e leg a n c e o f d i c t io n ,

an d so m e th i ng t o o u r ro
p p ri et y o f t h o u g h t
”
S e e n o t e o n 1 6 0 1 7 . .

166 1 33 . Co l e ri dge i n h is T a bl e T a lk c all ed p oet ry th eb est w or ds

, ,

i nth eb e s t or d e r (Ju l y 1 2 ,

Se eV i d a ( 1 1 9 ) 1 5 fi
'

1 6 7 1 47 .

16 7 1 50 . Cf . Hor ( 4) . 40 41 , — ( 23) 309 11 .

1 68 1 7 1 . Boi l eau h a s t r a ns l at ed th ew e
ll -k now nprov erb , F e
st i na le
nte .

1 68 1 72 H
Ho r ( 22) 292 294
. .
-
.

1 69 1 78 H or ( 1 2) 1 62
. . .

1 69 1 80 Ho r ( 2) 23
. . .

1 69 1 86 ii H or ( 31 33) 41 9 452
. .
- - .

1 73 1-6 . Anex c ept io nal i ns t anc e o f th e empl oym ent of s i m il e b y

Boi l ea u i nth i s p o e
m .

1 73 5 A l m os t th eo nl y k ind i s ti m ew as th e
of p as t oral wr tte
inat th
al l e
g ori c al w h er
,
e t h e g r e a t m as q u e r a d e
d as t u ne f u l s h e p h er ds H ow .

r em o teth is p ra c tic ew as f ro m t h at o f T h eo c rit u s no s t u dent o f G reek w il l

ne e
d to b et ol d I t is Virgi l w h o is r e
. spon s i b l ef o r t h is c o n c ep tio n o f th e
p as t ora l , a nd c o ns e q u en tl y f o r t h ea rti ficia l i t y w h i c h i t ass u m e d u p o n i ts

r evi val at th eR ena issa nc e T h ei dyl w h i c h Bo il eau h as i n m i nd m ay b e

.

ap p ro x i m a t el y re p r es ent e d i n E n g l i s h b y P o p e s P as t or a l s C f t h e l a t t er s
’
. .
’

D i scou r seonP a stor a l P oe t ry Ba tt e u x ( Le s Qu a tr eP oét i qu e

. s ) w o u l d d is
 BO I LE A U . 27 3

t ingu i s h t h eel gu c o ef rom th e d l b y

i y a ttr i b u ting to th ef orm er m oreac ti on
a nd m o veme
nt .

1 7 3 14 T h is l i n
. es u gge l i n d el a F re
s ts Va u q u e sna yes c ou
p l e
t i n th e
’

66 th I dyl o f h is Se c o nd Boo k , w h er eh eis s pea k i ng of V irgil as pas toral

p o et
Lo ng t e
m ps res qu ap 1l eu t q u i tt el h u m b l eM u s e
'
tt e ,

P o u r f a i rerete
nti r la s u pe rb etrom pett e .

The
s el i nes of Vau qu el i nappa rentl y ref er to th os ew h i c h i n somemanu
,

sc ri p ts , be
g i nt h eE ne
id

I l l eego q u i q u ond a m gra c il i m od u la tu s avena

,

C a rm e ne t e g re s s s s i l vi s vi c i na coe
u gi
U t q u a m i s av i d o p a ree
v nt arva co l ono r ,

G ratu m O p u s ag ri co l is : at n u n c h o rrenti a M a rt is .

T h eV irgi l i a nl i ne e
s h aveaga i nb enim itated b y Sp e
ns e
r, at th ebe
g i nni ng
o f t h eF a i ry Q u e m

Lo ! I t h em a nw h
, os eM u s ew h y l o m ed id m as k e ,

A s ti m eh er ta u g h t i nl o w l y S h e e
p h a rd s w e
, ds ,

Am n ow enf o rs t a f a rreu nf i t ter tas k e

, ,

For t ru m pets s terneto ch au ngem i neO atenreed s ,

An d s ing o f Kn igh ts a nd Lad ies gentl ed eed s .

1 7 4 21 . I n R onsard
’
s nd He nriot s ta nd
E c l ogu e
s , Ca ti n, Ca rl i n,
a

r es p ec ti vel y f or Cath eri nede M ed i c i , Ch arl es IX and Henry 1 1 Bes i d es

’
, .

th e se t ra n s f or m at io ns h ee m pl oys r u s ti c ni c k n
, am e s s u c h as P i e
rro t M a rgo t , , ,

e tc . Cf Sp e . nse r s Sh ep h e
r d s Ca l e
’
n d a r i n s u c h l i nes a
’
s th e o p e
n i ng o f ,

E c l ogu e9 :

B gg nD a e!
i o vi b d d eh e I i
r g o d d ay ;

O r B gg nh e
i o r is , m i ssa y e or I .

Si dn ey s a ys D e e n s eo oe sy 47 1 6— a t sam ef r am i n f y e
f f P T h h i l
“
, 1 9 :
g o s s t
to a n o l d r u s ti c l a n g g
u a e I d ar e no t a l l o w s i n c enei th er T h eo c ri tu s i n ,

G re ek Virgi l i nLa t i n nor Sannaz z a ro i nI ta l i andi d a f f e c t it ”

.
, .
,

R a nda l Sc o tt s ays ( e
. d i tio n o f D ry d e n 15 I t i s dif f i c u l t t o , .

g u e ss w h o is m e an t Ce r t a i nl y t h ed
. e s c ri p t io n d o es no t a
pp l y to T h o m a s

R an d ol p h w h ose p as t or al s a re r a th e
, r or nat e and d u l y gar ni sh ed w i th ,

cl ass i cal nam es P ro b a b l y D ry d e

. n if b e fill e d u p th i s n a m e w as
, ,

c o ntent to s peak at l arge f ro in a general r ec ol l ec tion th at T h o mas R an

,

d o l p h t h ead o p t e d s o n o f Be n J o ns o n h ad w ri tt en p as t oral s P h yl l is
”
, , .

a pp e a rs i n V irg i l s E cl og u e L y c i d i n E d S r e o n i n
’
s 3
5 7, 1 0 ; as
, , 7; , t p h .

T he
o c ri t u s, I d yl 7 .
27 4 NOT E S .

1 7 5 31 . I nt h i s nd l i ne34 B oil e a u i s ap pa r e
a ntl y dr aw i ng r e
mi niscenc es
f ro m O vi d , ra th er th a nf ro m t h epas toral p o ets .

1 7 5 35 . A l l u d ing t o V ir gi l E d 4 3 : ,
. .

Si ca ni m u s s yl vas syl vaes int co ns u l ed ignae;

,

wh i c h i s th u s p ar aph ras ed b y Co ni ngt o n I f m y t h em eis sti ll to b eth e

c o u ntry l et i t ris eto a d igni ty o f w h i c h a c ons u l need no t b eas h am ed
, .

175 38 For .t h e e l e
g y s e e H or 6
( ) 7 5 — 7 8 a nd t h e no t e A m o n g i t.s , .

cu l t w a t o rs i nFr a n c eh ad b een M arot R ons ard a nd D es p ort es A cc ord , , .

i ng t o Vau q u e l i n ( A r t P oét z qu e1 i t h ad b e en anc i entl y r e r e e n te

’

p s . d
b y th eFr e nc h l a i .

1 7 5 51 P rob ab l y r e
. ferr i ng to th e s o nnet to Urani ew h i ch s t irred u p ,

a l i te rary w ar ”
.

1 7 6 54 Re fe. rri ng to T i b u l l u s 1 7 4 1 ; 4 5 1 1 , . . . . .

1 7 6 58 Cf Ho r ( 7 ) 83—
. 85 an
. d th en o te R o nsard w h o r evi v ed th e
.
, .
,

Pin d ari c O d e i n Fr an c e and p u b l i sh ed a c o ll ec tio n of th em i n 1 550

, ,

c l ai m ed f o r h i ms el f th eh o nor o f i ntro d u c i ng i nto Fr enc h th enam eas w el l

as t h et h i n g ( E a v re s cd B l a nch em a i n 2 1 0 ) ,
et o. sa y l e p r e m i e r , .

(l e s n s e
o s t re nri c h ir m a l angu ed ecc nom O d e B u t T h o m as Si b il et ,
.
,

w h o h ad p u b l i s h e d a n A r t P oél z qu ei n 1 549 h a d al r e a dy u s e d t h ew or d
'

, ,

an d J ac q u e s Pe ll e ti er h ad c o m p os ed t h es pec i es o f p o em as earl y as 1 54 7 ,

no t to m ent io ns i m i l a r c om p os it io ns o f M e l l i n d eSa i n t Ge l a is ( P e l l i ss i e r ,

L A r t P oél z qu eal eVa u qu e l i ndel a F r e m ay e p x v ) : Ce s t l u i [Sib i l e

'
’ ’
t] , .

q u i l ep r e m i er e u i n t ro d u i s i t l en o m d a ns n o t r e l a ng u e ; c ep e nd a nt d é s ,

l an’
née1 54 7 P e ll eti e r c o m pos ai t d es p o ém es d e cc genre et Si b i l et l u i
me
, ,

m ec i t eu nec h an s o n d eM e ll i n q u il ne c r a i n t p as d ed o n ne r c o mm e’

u nm o d e
"
l ed el o d e B u t th e o d e o f M e
‘
l l i nw as am oro u s a nd no t i n
’ ’
.
,

t h el e as t P i n d a ri c R on s ar d c o n .fe ss ed h imse l f a d i s c i pl eo f Hor ac e as ,

we ll as o f P i nda r Hi s th e ory o f th es u bj ec ts ap pro pri at eto th eo d em a y

.

b egath e red f ro m h is P ref ac eA u Lecteu r G a m a cd Bl a nch em ai n 2 7 ) , .

, .

T u d oi s scav o i r qu eto u tes or ted ep o é si ea l a rg u m e nt pro p r ee t con venab l e ’

a so n s u j e ct l a l yriq u e l a m o u r l evi n l e s b an ,q u ets d is s ol u s l es

’
, , ,

d an se s m as q u e
, s c h evau x vi c tori eu x es c ri m e j o u s t es et to u r noi s et peu
, , , ,

s o u ve nt q u e l qu eargu m e nt d ep h il os o p h i c Co w l e y ( 1 6 1 8 1 66 7 ) p u b
” -
.

l is h e d a v ol u m e o f P i nda ri c O d e s in 1 6 6
5 a r at h er t ard y f ol l ow i n g o f ,

R on s a rd s e x am p l e B e nJ o ns on h o w e ver h ad anti c i pated h i m i nwr i ti ng

’
.
, ,

h i s P i nda r z c OdeonIl l eD e r H M or i s on w h i c h i s co n
'

a th o
f S i .
,

s ide re d de ci d e d l y s u pe ri o r to any o f t h os eb y Co w l ey or h i s s c h ool I t .

w as Co n r ev e h o b y h is D i s co u r seonM eP z n da r z c Ode w as th e
‘ ’

g w ,

fi rs t t o d i spl a y i n E n g l i s h a s u f fici e n t c o m p r eh e n s io n o f t h i s f or m o f v ers e ,

27 6 NOT E S .

W ith nd j e
l
g d a
o we l s oom e ve ry p an ,

An d h id em th orn a me nts thei r w ant o f ari .

T ru ew i t is Natu reto ad va nta g ed n s se d ,

W hat of t was th o u gh t b u t nee r so w e ll ex pns se

d ,
‘
.

1 79 a u h ad i nmi n
Bo il e d M a ire
t s Sy l vi e
’
1 13 . .

1 79 122 A h A u gu sti npre

. ach e r , ca ll ed A nd r é, is sp eci all y i nt ended .

1 80 1 40 5 SeeGl ee so nWh i t e s B a ll a de: an d R an de

’
. am .

1 80 143 . M a dr iga l . re are t w o

T he c h i ef so rts of m ad ri ga l s , t h e
p o e t i c a n d t h e m u s i c a l T h e e
. ty m o l o g y o f t h e w or d is i n d is p u t e b u t t h e ,

de ri vat io n generall y acc e e i f ro m e G r e e ee

'

p t d s t h k 11 6 1 87111 a s h p to l d ,
.

He nc eth ee ar l i es t mad ri gal s w o u l d h av eb e e ns h e p h e r d s so n gs and th u s

’
,

al l i ed to th e pas t o r al A cc ord i n
.
g l y C a r d u cc i t h e e m i n e n t I ta l i a n ,c r i t i c ,

t h u s de fin es t h em ad ri gal ( St u d i Le tte e ri
’

rarz
p T h , m a d g a l . i s
“

p ro p e r l y a n i d y l w ro u g h t w i t h l i t tl e i m ag e s l i v el y a n d e l e,g a n t i n r
p p o or

t io nto th el i m it atio no f its s pa c ea n d th ep u ri ty o f i ts o u tl i n e ( II ma

dr iga leé p r ap r i a m m term i di l l z o l a w r a to a p i ccol e i m ag i ni ta nto p i x!
'

ne tto ev i v a “ qu a n ta p i zc ci r cascr i tl o l o sp a z z o m l r o z l qu a leng i r a e

‘ ' ’ '

p i x ! .

se mpl i ce£1 contor no) .A s a n a rt f or m th e I tal i an m a d ri gal o ri gi na t e

-
, d in
t h ee arl i e r h al f o f th ef o u rt eenth c ent u ry th o u g h it m u s t h aveal rea d y ,

e x i s te d f or a con s ide rab l et i m eas a r u s t i c so ng I t s o f ar parto ok o f th e .

nat u r eo f t h e R e naissa nc ee c l ogu eas to c o nc ern i ts el f w ith th eex p eri

e nce s o f c i ti z e ns d u ri ng th e ir s ojo u r ns i n th ec o u nt ry I ts origi nal f or m .

c o nsis ted o f eith er tw o or th reeterz ets f o ll ow ed b y ei th er o ne or tw o ,

c o u pl ets ; th el i nes w ereh end ec as yl l ab i c s c orr es p ondi ng i n l engt h to o u r ,

b l an k ve rse P etrar c h w as o neo f th eear l y m as t ers o f th em adri gal as

.
,

t h e f o l l ow i n g p s e c i m e n a n d i t
, s t r a n sl at io n b y T o m l i n s o n ( T l z e S o n n e t ,

Lo n do n , 1 87 4) w i l
l sh ow

Nova ange letta s ovra l al ea cc orta

‘
,

S ce s ed a l c i e l o i ns u l a f res ca ri va ,

La o nd i o p as s ava s o l p e r m io d e s ti no;
'

P o i ch es e nz a c o m p agna es e nz a s corta
M i v i d en, u l ae ci o ch ed i s e ta ord i va
, ,

Te s ef ra l e rb a o nd everd e l ca m m i no
’

,
’ ‘
.

A l l o r f u i p re s o en o nm i s p i a c q u ep o i ,

Si d o l c el u m eu s cia d e g i o cc h i s u oi
l .

A be o s a ngel c ircu m s p ec t o f w ing

a u te u , ,

From h eavend es c end ed to th is verd a nt s h o re ,

As I ed he
p as s ed le s s t o m y f a teu n seen
A nd s e ei ng m egu i d ele ss f ri end l e
ss w an deri ng , , ,

Sh es tr etc h ed a s i l ke ns na rem y w ay b e f ore ,

 BO I LEA U . 27 7

W he reth ef res h gras s h ad m ad eth ep a th way gre e

n .

No r d i d i t v ex m eto b em ad eh e r p ri z e ,

So s we et th el ig h t th a t i s s u ed f ro m h e r eyes .

T h eI tal ian mad ri gal w as i m i tated i n E ngl ish b y Sir P h il ip Sid ney i n h is
A r ca d i a a n d t h etw o e x am l e t h e r e f o n d m b e r e r d e d th e fi t
, p s u a y g a as rs

e n i n e n i ri D r m m o n H or n e n o ro e e
'

g u E g l s h m a d g a l s . u d o i a w t h d al s w t s v

eral mad ri gal s and m ay b er e

, g a r d e d a s t h e c h i e f E n g l i s h r e p r es en tat i v e
o f t h i s s peci es SeeSc h i pper E ngl i sc/zeM e
"
.
, t r i k 2 886 ii . .

T h eF r e nch mad ri gal h as no s u ch fix i ty o f f orm and is m or eap t to b e ,

o f a nam oro u s or g al l a n t n at u re A n e x am pl eis t h ec e

. leb r ate d on eb y
Cl eme nt M aro t
U nd o u x nenni avec u nd ou x s o u rire
E s t ta n t h on ne s te i l l ev o u s f au t a pp re
, nd re;
Q u a nt es t d ec u i s i v ,
eniez a l ed ir e ,

D a o ir tro p di t j ev o u d ro i s v o u s r e p rend re;

’
v

Nonqu ej es ois e nnu yed e ntre p re nd re '

D a o i r l ef ru i t d o n t l ed é s i r m ep o i n
'
v t
M ai s j evou d ro i s q u e nm el el ais sant p re
'
nd re
V ou s m ed isiez No n vo u s nel au rez p oint
, ,
'
.
’

A no th e
r is b y Fontenell e onth epor trait
, of M adam e

C e
'
st i ci M ad a m eD u T ort
Q u i l a v oi t e t n e l a i'
m ea tort ,

M a is qu i l e
’
nte nd e nnel a d o re ’

A m i ll ef oi s p l u s t ort e nc ore
P ou r c e l u i q u i f i t ce s vers ci -
,

I l ne u t a u c u nt ort D i e u me rc i
'
.
,

M ad rigal s r es embl i ng th e Fr enc h a nd o f ten i ndisti ngu ish ab l e f rom th e

,

s h ort l o v ep o e
-
m m ay b ef o u n
, d i nLo dge W i th e r Carew and Su c k l i ng
, , , .

A l re a d y i n I ta l i a n th e m a d ri gal w as w o n t t o as s u m ean e i
pg r a m m a t i c
c h arac ter ( Cas i ni S u zi ej b r m em etr i c/u i ta l i a ne p
, an d i n Fr e , nch.

t h el i n eb etw eenth et w o i s f r e qu entl y d if ficu l t to trace Dr u m mond ass o .

c i ates th etw o i n th eti tl e M adr iga l s a nd E p ig r a ms A n epi gram w ith

, .

th es tr u c t u r eo f th em adri gal m ay b ef o u n d i nSc h i p pe r 2 89 3 , . .

I t w o u l d a pp e a r t h at t h em u s i c al m a d ri gal o u gh t t o b e d i s t i n g u i s h e d
f ro m th ep o e t i c al th o u gh t h e
, y m ay go b ac k t o a c o mm o n s o u rc e I n .

g e n e r a l t h es e r e s e m b l et h e Fr e n c h r a t h e r th a n t h e I t a l i a n m o d el T h e ir .

p e c u l i a ri t y i s t h a t t h ey w e r ew ri t t en o n p p
u r o s e t o b es u n g T h ey a pp e a r e d .

i nc o n si de rab l enu m b ers near th ec l os eo f th eE l i z ab eth anp eriod and i nto ,

th er e igno f Jam es and o cc u r i n s u ch coll e

, c tions as th oseof Camp io n ,
278 NOT E S .

Ba t e
s on, Farm e r, Pilki ngt o n, and O rl and o G ibb o ns A nex cell ent sel ec ti o n .

ma y b ef u d
o n i n B ll e
n L f m b S n ook:
qf / l i be l n
’
u s y r i cs r o t c o g
-
B t u E z a t za

, Lo n
Age don, 1 889 .

181 1 47 . F or Lu d ca 1 03 B C ) se
c i l i u s ( di e eHorace Sa ti r e
: 1 . . .
, . 1 0;

2 . 1 ; and th eh is t ori es o f R o manl i te ratu re .

1 82 1 02 . Sa t . 10 . 6 1 - 89 .

182 1 03 . Sa t 4 . .
7 2-
1 49 .

1 82 1 64 . S a t 4 7 4- 7 5
. . .

1 82 166 . Sa t 6 1 1 5 1 32
-
. .

e
.

1 82 1 00 R égm e 1 57 3 1 6 1 3 I nth ee d i ti on o f R gn i er s w orks i n

’
- ’
r . . .

t h eB i bl i otlz e e l e
v i ne n
‘
m h ec el e
b r e Fr enc a r c h i te c t, Vi oll et l e
’

qu E z , t a t d h
Du c, g i v es a H is t ory o f S a t i r e i n Fr a n c e c overi ng fif ty fiv epages i nw h i c h ,
-
,

h etrac e s i ts o b s c u r eb e g i n n i ng s to t h e t w e lf t h c ent u ry r e c og niz e

s i ts s i ri t
p ,

i nth eR om a n del a R osese es i n M aro t s Coq d l d n ea h om e b re d f o rm

’ '
- -
,

of i t an d c al l s D u Be l l ay s Lep oétecou r ti sa n a t r u es atir e P e ll i ss i e r

’
, .
,

i n h is e d i tio n o f V au q u e l i n c on si de rs th el att er h ow ever to h aveb een

, , ,

th ef o u n de r o f th esatireregar ded as th er evi val o f an anc i ent s pec ies .

Vau q u el i n h imself ( A r t P oétz qu e 2 7 1 8) cal l s th e P rovencal s i m m tes

’

s a t ir es .

Cl z a m e I n B oil e a u s se ns eo f th ew or d Ch au c e r is not a satiri s t

’ ’
r .
, .

A cc or d i n g t o t h e c o mm o n a cc e
p t a t io n t h e n a m e o f J o s e p h H a ll ( 57 4
1 ,

1 6 56 ) s h o u l d b ei n se r ted h er e I n h is Vi rgi dem z a r u m ( 1 59 7 ) h ewri tes

.
’

I fi rst ad ventu re; f ol l ow m ew h o l is t ,

An d b eth es e cond E ng li sh sati rist .

W art o n h o w e ,v er enu m erat es ( Hi st E ng P oetry 4 364

, f o u r sat iris ts . . .

w h o pre c ed ed Hal l nam el y W y att G ascoigne D onne( 1 593 b u t no t pu b

, , , , ,

l is h e d t i ll and Lo dge .

1 83 1 82 T h ev au d e
. v ill etak es i ts nam ef rom Vau x d eV irevall eys o f th e - -
,

V ire l ts rep u ted au th or is Ol i ver Bass eli n w h o l i ved i n t h efif teenth

.
,

c ent u ry and o nw h om Lo ngf ell ow h as w ri tten a poem Hi s s ongs w er e

, .

o stens i b l y c ol l ec t ed ( ca 1 570) b y J eanLeHo u x a l awyer o f V ire b u t th e

.
, ,

m or er e cent h istori ans o f Fr enc h l i tera tu r eas c ri b el ittl em or eth an th e

i m p u l s eto Bass el i n and b el ieveth at th evau dev il l es w h i ch pass u nder h i s
,

namea rev irt u al l y th ec om pos i tio ns o f LeH o u x O nl y t w o or th re eo f .

th e m aresat iri c O f th e s eI h av et r an sl ate

d one th efirs t i n D u Bo is s ’
.
,

e d i tio no f 1 8 2 1 an d he r es u bjoi ni t
, .

e
S or d i d gr e d o m eth o u n ot near ,
c
Wh enm y h u m b l eb oa rd is s p rea d ;
M y r i ch n eigh b or now li es dead
 BOI LE A U . 281

1 8 7 34 Thu s Eu ri p i des i n h is I on, He

cu ba , [ pl z ige
ma i n T ea m s ,
' '

H ipp oly t u s , A ”d r am a t ize

, and P h a ni a a nD a m se
lf
’

1 87 35 Cf Ho r ( 24 ) 322
. . . .

187 38 fl
'

. Cf . Si d ney, D e
f e
n se
f
o P oe
sy 4 7 28 49 1 8 , — a nd th eno te
s .

18 7 39 . Referring to Lo pedeVega a eth ef orm e

nd Cal dero n Se rs
.
’

A r tenu e
vo deka z e
r Com e
di a s .

i nLo p ed eVe Va l e
nti nea nd Or son
’
18 7 42 . T hu s ga s .

1 8 7 45 Se
eCo rne
ill es D i scou nt l a T r ag éd z e
’
’
. su r .

18 7 47 . Ho r ( 25) . 338 .

1 8 7 48 . A ri s t o tl e, P o e
ti cs 9 . 1 ro m w h at h as
It er
app a s , f u r th e
r, f
be ensa i d th at i t i s no t th epo e
, t s p ro v i n c eto r el ates u ch th i ngs as h av e
’

c
a t u a ll y h a pp e n e d b u t s u c h as , m i g h t h a v e h a pp e n e d — s u c h a s are p oss i b l e ,

a cc or d i n g ei th e r t o p ro b a b l e or n e c e ss a ry c o ns eq u e n c e ”
.

18 7 51 if Hor ( 1 4) 1 82 1 88 T h ec ri t i cs h av em u c h ad o t o e
. .
-
. x tenu ate
t h eb l i n di ng o f G l o u c e s t er o n t h e s t a g e i n K i ng L e a r
( A c t 3 S e
1 88 55—
.
,

60 A ris t otl e P oe
. t i cs c h a ps 1 0 1 1
, P l ots areo f t w o s or ts .
,

s i m pl ea n d c om pl i c a t e d ; f o r so al s o a reth eac t io n s th e ms e l ves of w h ich

th e y are i m i tations A n ac tio n ( h avi ng th ec o nti nu i ty and u ni ty p re

.

s c ri b e d ) I c a l l s i m p l ew h e n i ts c a tas troph e is p ro d u c e d w i th o u t e i th er
r ev ol u tionor d is c ov ery ; c om pl i c ated w h enw i th o neor b oth A nd th es e , .

'

s h o u l d a ri s ef ro m t h es t r u c t u r eo f th ep l o t i ts e l f s o as t o b et h en a t u r al ,

c ons eq u enc es nec ess a ry or p rob ab l e o f w h at h as pr ec eded i n th eac tio n

, , .

For th er e i s a w id e d if f er enc e b etw een inc i dents th at f ol l ow f ro m and

i nc i d ents th at f oll ow o nl y a f t er eac h o th er .

A re v ol u t io nis a ch ange( s u c h as h as al r eady b eenm entioned ) i nt o th e

r ev ers eo f w h at is ex p ect ed f ro m th ec irc u m sta nc es o f th ea c tio n and t h at ,

p ro d u ce d as w, e h a v e sa i d b y p ro b a b l e or , n e c es sa ry c o n s eq u e nc e A .

d is c o v e —
ry as i nd eed th ew ord i m pl i es — is a c h a ngef rom u nk no w n to
kn ow n h ap peni ng b etw eenth os ec h arac ters w h os eh app i ness or u nh ap pi
,

ne ss f or ms t h ec at as t ro p h eo f t h ed r a m a an d te rm i nati ng in f ri endsh i p or ,

e nm i ty ”
.

1 88 66 . H or ( 1 7 ) 220 . .

1 88 67 6 Hor ( 21 ) 27 6 11
. . .

1 89 83 O f t h i s D eJu l l e
( Le v ill es ays
s M y stér e s 1 Le s pl u s .
“

s s e
h ab i l e ntenai ent au x f am e
’
u x vers d e Boil ea u o u c h aq u em o t es t u ne ,

err eu r E ve or d i s a ne r r or — th i s i s a h ars h s e n enc e e

”
. r
y w t b u t th m o s t ,

c ap ab l est u dents o f th eM ysteri es w i l l h ardl y q u es tioni ts j u s ti c e .

1 9093 Ff T h eb e s t c om m e
. ntary o nth is p as s ageis Boi l eau s di al o g u e ’
,

7 71 6 He r oe
f
s o R om a n ce w h i c h h ec o m o s e
p d i nt h es
,
t y l eo f L u ci a n T h e .

rom anc es s atiri z ed areth oseo f D Url é G o mb ervi l l e La Cal pre néd e De
'
’
s , , ,
282 NOT E S .

ma r ets and esp ec i all y M ad em oisel l ed eScu déry O f th el atter th eGr a nd

, .

Cy r u s a nd Cl él i earet h eb est kn ow n T h es ero m anc es h ad m u ch i nfl u .

enc eu p onth es o c al l e d he roi c pl ays o f Franc eand E ngl and th epl ots o f
-
,

th el atte r b ei ng o f tentak enb od i l y f rom th ef orm er .

1 90 1 06 . Ho r ( 9) . 1 20- 1 22 .

1 901 06 . ll . 1 .
34 8
191 115 ff . Se
enoteo n 1 9093 , a nd B oi l e
au
’
s le
tte
r to Bross ette, Jan .

7,
19 1 1 24 ff . H or ( 1 0) . 1 26 - 1 27 .

1 9 2 1 30 j b a i s t h eh ero of La Cal prené d es Cl e ’

. u op a tr a .

1 92 1 33- 1 34 Ho r ( 8 ) 1 06
. .

1 92 1 35 ff .A ll u ding t o t h e o p e
n i ng l i nes o f S e
n ec a
’
s T r oa d e s .

1 9 2 1 38 . T h eLa t i ni s S ap i ent: T a na i nor a p a nd e nte, m b i bi t .

1 92 1 42 . Ho r ( 8) 1 02- 1 03 . .

1 93 1 43- 1 44 H or ( 7 ) 96
. .

1 94 1 62 . A ri s t o tl e
Cf , P oe
. ti c: 9 9 : From al l th i s i t i s m ani f es t th at a .

o e h o l d b ea p o e t, or m ak e r , o f pl ots r ath er th an o f v ers es , s i nc e i t

’
p t s u

i s i m i ta tio nth at c o nst i tu te

s th ep o e
t and , of th i s i m i tatio nac tio ns ar eth e
o bj ec t .
”

1 94 1 63 Cf V i d a ( 1 26 ) 1 23 .

1 94 177 Pf . zE n . 1 . 1- 1
56 .

1 9 5 1 95 Pf . Cf eon S a ti r e I t i s obj e
. D ry d en, D i scou c ted b y a gr ea t
rs

French c ri ti c as w el l as an ad m irab l ep o et yet l iv i ng a nd w h o m I h a v e , ,

me ntione d w i th t h a t h o nor w h i c h h i s m e ri t ex ac ts f ro m m e ( I m ea n
B oi l e a u ) t h at th em a c h i n
, es o f o u r Ch ris t i anr e l i gio n i n h e roi c p o et ry are
m u c h m or ef e ebl eto s u pp or t th at w e igh t th anth os eo f h eath enis m T h eir .

d o c t ri n e grou nd ed as i t w as o nri d i c u l o u s f ab l e
, s w as y e t th eb e l ie f o f th e ,

t w o v i c t orio u s m o n ar c h i e s t h eG r e c ia nand R om an T h eir go ds d i d no t

, .

onl y i nteres t th em s el ves i n th eev ent o f w ars ( w h i ch i s th eef f ec t o f a

s u pe rior P rovi d enc e) b u t al s o es pou s ed th es ev eral p ar ti es i n a v is ib l e
,

c orp oreal d es c ent m anaged th eir i ntrigu es and f ou gh t th eir b attl es s om e

, ,

ti m e s i no p o s i tio nt o e
p a c h o th er ; t h o u g h V ir g (
i l m or e d i s c r e e t th a n H o m er
i n th at l as t p a r ti c u l a r ) h as c o n te nte d h imse l f w i t h t h ep a rt i al it y o f h is
de i ti es, th eir f avors th eir c o u ns el s or c om m ands to th osew h ose c au s e
, ,

th e y h ad es p o u s ed w i th o u t b ri ngi ng th em to th eou trageo u s ness o f b l ow s

,
.

No w o u r r e l igio n s ays h ei s d e p ri v e d
,
o f th e re
g a t e s t
, p a r t o f t h o s e m a c h i nes

at l e as t th em o st s h i n
, i ng i nep i c p oetry T h ou gh St M i ch ael i nA rios to . .

se ek s o u t D i s c ord t o s e nd h e r am o n s t t h e P n s a nd fi n d s h e r i n a co n
g a g a ,

v ent o f f ri a rs w h er ep eac esh o u l d r ei gn ( w h i c h i nd eed is fines atir e) ; and

,

Sata ni nT as s o e x c i te
s So l i m a n t o a n a tt e m p t b y ni gh t o n th eCh ri s t i a n
284 NOT E S .

sh ow w h at p ow erf u l e ffe c ts th em o der ns h aveel i c ited f rom th is f ert il etyp e ,

over w h i ch a narrow c rit i c ism i s even y et qu a rre l in g W e s

. h a l l p e r h a p s

b ep re se ntl y l e d to c all at te nt ion i n pas s i ng t o so m ef e

, , atu r e s o f t h i s v as t

p i c t u r e .H e r e w e s h a ll o n l y s a y t h a t as a f oi
, l f or th e s u b l im e as a m e
, a n s

o f c on tras t th egro te , s q u eis i no u r o p i n , ion th eri ch e , s t f ou n tainth at n at u r e

cano e n t o art R b e n n d o b t e d l y f e l t t h e f or c e f th i s f c t w h e n h e
p u . s u u o a

de ci d ed to i ntrod u c ei nto rep r es entations o f royal p ro c ess ions c oronatio ns , ,

an d gl i tt e ri ng pageants th eh i d eou s figu reo f som ec o u r t dw arf T h a t

, .

u n iv ers al b ea u ty w h i ch antiqu i ty so l em nl y sp read o v er everyth i ng w as no t

w i th o u t m o n oto ny ; th e sam e i mp r ess ion c onti nu al l y r ep eated m ay a t , ,

le ngt h c au sef ati gu e Su b l i m ity u p o n s u b l i m i ty is il l ad a pte

. d t o p rod u c e
c ontras t a nd w eneed to r est f ro m everyth i ng even f rom th eb eau t i f u l
, , .

T h egrote s q u e o n th eo th e, r h and seem s to b ea h al ti ng pl ac e a t er m o f

,
-
,

c om pari s on a p oi nt of d epar tu ref rom w h enc eto ri setoward th eb eau t if u l

,

w i th f r e sh e r and k eener p er c eption T h esal am and er i s a f oil to th e .

u n di n e; th egno m ee mb e ll i sh e s th es yl p h .

A nd i t w o u l d al s o b etr u eto s ay th at th et o u ch o f d e f orm i ty h as gi v e n

to m o d e rn s u b l i m i ty s ometh i ng p u r er m or el o f ty and s o t o say m or e , , , ,

s u b l i m e th a nth eb e
, a u t i f u l o f an c i ent tim es W h enart i s i nk eep i ng w i th .

i ts el f i t c ondu c ts ev eryth i ng w i th m u ch greater c erti t u deto i ts go al I f

, .

t h e Ho m e ri c E l ys i u m f al l s f ar s h or t o f th eeth er eal ch arm and angel i c

de l i gh t f u l n e ss o f M i l to ns P ar a d i s e i t i s b e c au s eth er eis b eneath E den a
’
,

he l l w h os eh orrors are f ar d i f f e r ent f ro m th os eof th epagan T arta ru s .

D oe s an y o n e s u pp o s e t h a t F r a n c e s c a d a R i m i n i a n d B e a t ri c e w o u l d b es o
c apti va ti ng i n th eh ands of a p oet w h o di d no t l o ck u s i nt o th eFam ine
T ow e r and f or c eu s to p artak eo f Ugo l i nos r evol ti ng f eas t ? ’

tie
,

Up o n t h i s p oi nt th er e m a rk s o f B r u ne re ( L E w l u t i on des Genr es ’
,

pp . 1 8 1 1-
8 2 ) a r e s i g n i fi ca n t : T h e r e s t or a t io n o f t h e C h ri s t i a n i d e a l t o i t s

righ ts ov er s ent i m ent and i m agi nat io nw eo w eto Ch ateau b ri a nd and th e

Ge ni u s of C/i r z sti a ni ty By th eGe ni u s of Ch r i s tz a nz gj th ep r e c ep t
' ' '

. r

o f B oi l e au who n , e ver th el ess k new th e? er m a l em D el i v er ed i f neith er th e ,

D i v i neCom e dy n or P a r a d i s eLos t s t an ds h e
, nc e f ort h c o n vi c ted o f error ;
i ts p u r e ly h e ath e n i de al i s c o n vi c t ed o f na rrow nes s of i nad equ ac y and , ,

e s pe c i al l y o f c ol dness . Cl a ss i c al a rt w eh av es e , e n i s at b o t t o m
,

he a th e n I ts obj ec t and i ts i d eal w ere fix e

. d b y th e h e a th e ns o f th e
Re nai ssa nc e and its m od e ,
l s h a v er e m ai n e d f or m or eth an t w o c e nt u ri e s

e x cl u s i v e ly h e ath e n So th a t i t w as not m e
. r el y B oil eau w h o w as h ereon
t ri al b u t as i t w e
, , re th eR enaissancei ts el f
,
”
.

1 96 209 H For T as s o s e . eSi s m ondi Li te r a t u r eo

, f f l u Sou tfi o E u r op e
f ,

( B o h ns e
’
d i t io n ) 1 35 6 .
3 9 1 a n-d F,
a ir f a x s tran s l
’
a t io n o f t h e j er u s a l em
'

De l i ve re d ( Ca ri sb rook eL i b r ary R o u tl e ,
dge ,
 BO I LE A U . 285

Bu t God f r e
y w as no t i n pr aye
r, osewh o h ave
’
196 21 3 . al w ays as th
e
r ad T asso k no w .

1 96 21 7 . Referring to A rio sto .

1 98 241 . Jac q u es Carel Sieu r d eSai nteGar de; o nl y

T h e p oe
t w as ,

f o u r b ook s o f th ep o e m we r ep u b l i sh ed i n1 666 and 1 6 7 0 T o u s Boi l eau s , .

’

obj ec tio nseem s al m ost ch il dis h .

T h eT /i e ba z d o f Stat i u s s i n e f r e r n r e o y ni c e
’

1 99 251 h l P l
'

.
g s t at a ag o i :

an d E te ocl e s .

1 99 253 Batte
. u x th i nk s th eCi d o f Corn eill eis opento th is reproac h .

1 99 259 A ri s t otl eP oe
. ti cs 1 4 1 1 T h ed i c tions h ou l d b em os t l ab or e
, . d
i nt h ei dl ep art s o f t h ep o e m — th os ei nw h i c h n e i th er m anners no r senti
me nts pr e vail ; f or th emanners and s enti ments areo nl y obs c u red b y a
to o spl e nd i d d i c t io n Se
”
eal s o m y edi t ion o f A dd is o ns Cr i ti ci sm: cm
.
’

P eLost 7 022 5
a r a di s , .

199 26 1 E Re fe
rri ng to Sai nt
. A mant, i n th e 5th part of h is Al ai n
Sa u v é Ci noteo n1 6021
. . .

200269 if . Hor ( 1 1 )
. 1 36 ii .

20027 2 . T h efirs t l i neo f Scu d éry ’

s A l a n?
20027 8- 280 . T h eo pe
ni ng l i ns o f th e
e
201 291 T h eOr l a ndo F u ( g
E n l i h r n l i nb y R ose
, i nl i o h n
'
’
. r z oro s t a s at o s

Li b rary ) . Cf no teo n1 96 21 7
. .

201 206 . A ll u di ng to 11 1 4 1 8 7
- 22
3 . . .

201 298 . A 11 ad ap tat io no f O v i d, M e ta m Bk 1 1 , F abl e2 . . .

202 306 . Hor ( 1 1 ) 148

. Bo i l eau w as accu sto me
. d to cite . M a mo del
of ee
t rsness ee
, ch t h es p of Ch ryse
s ( II . 1 . 17
“
Vt: s o s ofn Ai rb us

and all y ew e
ll - re
g a v ed A ch ai as , now may t h ego al s t h at ( Iwel l iu t he
ma ns ions of gran O l y m pu
t yo u to s P ri am . aw l t o f an lay w astet hecity 0 1 :

h app il y h om ewar d ; o nl y se t yemy d ear c h i ld f ree, a n

d av t t he1 11 116 9 11 1
i nr e
verenceto theso nof Z eu s , f ar t l arting A pol lo " v
.

202 3 3 1 ll1 it f rom Q u in t il ia n i m i i id ! i r e

'

.
. 1 0 l “ 2, w w t s sa , u . m .

202 313 . Bo i l eau s pe ci f i c a l ly re f ers to l i ecu mrc tc al e ti ai u t m u l ta, who

w r tea
o p o e
m e
ntit led
203 335 fl 1107 ( 21) 21 1 17
'

. . .

204 313 . I ntheCla u d eu f

”4 350 T heNe
. w U m m l y is l m v "w ant, o f 17 11 54 11 Mam e t !” ( 34 2
29 1 w as t he t h ief f m u ma t w e H is w o rl d , mu r t Iww h a
q
'

p s g
'

me
nts , ar el o st, b u t t heir ma nna ta g m v rvw i wi t h w i l u tw at l ni t h l u b w u in
th os eo f T e
renee .

204 314 . A « h aw m 511 M m j mw m a '

Wm mn1 1 609 1 .

m m “ . 14 1 0 .
2% NOT ES .

207 35 . Se
enot eon1 6 4 86 .

N7 “ . I t is G &o nte
, and no t Sc-
p i n w h o , wnps h ims e
lf u p i na b ag .

Se
eLa l na J : St af f s
'

v .

Tm . I nthe Voy eu r , or F ax , of Be
nj o nson, Si r P oli ti c W ou l d b e ,

a nd is d etect ed o nth esta ge a m achi nem u ch too f arci ca l f o r th er es t .

—
"
o f t h ep i ece ( Scott s not e)
'
. .

208 415 So De na i nth ed da fl i , Sim o i nth eA ndr i a , and Ch rem e

. s

208 41 8. nt i one
So Clit o p h o i nth ep l a y l as t m e d .

m 427 . P au l A e
x Z
/
'

Se
eno t eo n1 6 4 Q .

209 1 11 . I nth is parag ra ph Bo il e a u is s at i r iz i ng Cl au d eP e

rra u l t, no t to
b eco nf ou nd e
d w i t h h is m o ref am o u s b ro t h er Ch ar l e s

"
.

210 14 . Al cma n! . F rancois M ansard ( 1 598 f ra t . 1 6 32

T h earch i t e of St P a u l Lo ndo n
'
1 7 23 . ct . s, .

210m tf . 1101 . 7
( )
2 3 18 (T .

21 1 35 . r r i n ma n
He g . Se
eDryd en, M ar f b t b w e1 05 .

21 1 39 . r e
Beg r at . 1 6 20- 1 6 55 . His y ou ng to flbeM m su gg e
s ts

Lu c ia n, Ra
bel a is , a nd Swif t .

Cou nt e fi c r -s a A b u rl e s q u e po e
. m o n a q u arr e l an d scu fii e i n t h e
Co u n ter p riso n, w h i ch occu rs i n Dry d ens Al i x e l l a ni e 01 1 1 1
'

I t is
’
- r , . .

w ri t te n w i th c o ns i de ra b l e h u mo r t h o u gh too l o n g t o b e s u pp or t ed ,

t h ro u g h o u t
”
( Sc o
. tt s n o t e )
'
.

21 1 40 For Gau d i be
. r t se enoteo n166 m .

21 1 41 fl 11 01 ( 31 ) 4m if
'

. . .

2 1 1 48 M . ad ] 1 6 4 0- 16
9 2 T h e rival and b u tt o f Dryden
. . .

21 2 53 Sett l e
. s Se enoteon1 83 1 94 . .

21 2 66 . Ho r ( 35)
. 47 4 .

21 2 57 . na c tu al e
Re
ferri ng t o x pe ri enceo f Bo i l ea au w i th Ch a rl e s Du

Pe rri er w h o oneday tal k ed i nc e

,
s sa n tl y i n c h u r c h ab o u t h is o w n p o e t ry ,

l y p au s i n
s ca r c e g at t h eel ev a t io no f th e h os t P o pe h as i m i ta t e
d B o il e a u .

i nth ew e ll k no wnli n es ( E ssay on Cr i t i a s m 6 2 2— 6 2 5)

'

No p l aceso sa c re d f ro m s u ch tops is b arre d ,

No r i s P a u l s c h u rch m o resa f eth a nP a u l s c h u rch yard

' '

Na y fl y to a l ta rs ; th e
,
ret h e y l l tal k y o u d ead ; '

For f oo ls ru s h i nwh ereangel s f ea r to trea d .

21 2 69 . Cf . 1 7 01 92 .

( )
8 ( 32) Cf P o pe n Cr i t i ci s m
'

21 3 7 1 fl 11 01 2 fi E ssay
'

. . 387 , 438 . .
, o

-6
631 42 :
288 NOT E S .

214 1 00 . Bo il e
aui mi ng at th e P or t R oyal i st Ni c ol e( 1 62 5
is a

w h o h ad e
x p re
ss e
d s u ch vi e
w s i nh is Lettr e: m r le s Vi s i onna z r e
s an
'

d . h is
T m i té d el a Com e
di e .

214 1 04 . Si m il a r o pi nio ns h aveb eene rtai ned

nt e c onc erni ng R ac i nes ’

21 5 1 1 0 . em y
Se ed i tio no f New m ans P oe t ry w i t/i R e fi re
n cet o
’
, A r is
totl es P oe Sh e lle
y s De e
n s eo oe
’
t i c: 22 1 8 f f 1
1
'
P t r
y 4 2 25 .

215 1 1 1 I mi tated b y P op e E ss ay on Cr i ti ci s m 508 52 5 ,

-

If w it so m u ch f ro m i gnora nceu nd ergo ,

A h le t n
,
ot le a rn ing too co m m encei ts f o el
O i o ld th o em e ,
t re w a rd s w h o c o l d e c e
s l u x ,

A nd ch w erep rai s ed w h o b t end eavored wel l

su u

T h o u g h t ri u m p h s w e reto gener l s onl y d u e a ,

C ro w n s we reres erved to gra ceth es ol d iers to o .

No w th e ,
y w h o reach P a nas su s l of t y cro w n r
’

E m p l oy t h e i r pain s t o s p u ns o m eo t h e rs d own r ,

An d w h i l ese l f l ovee a ch j ea l o u s w i te
- r r l es r u ,

Co n te nd i ng w its b e co m eth es p ort o f f ool s ;

B u t s t i l l th ew ors t w i th m o s t re g r e
t c o m m en d ,

For eac h i l l au th or i s as b a d a f i end r .

T o w h at b as ee nd s a nd b y w h a t ab j e ct w ay s
, ,

A rem orta l s u rg e d th ro g h sa c re d l u s t o f p ra i se!

u

Ah n ee,
r o d i rea th i s t f g l ory b oas t
’
s r o ,

No r i nth ec ri ti c l e t th em anb el o t s .

G oo d n at r e n
-
d g oo d e
u nem u s t e
a ver j oin; -
s s

T O e i s h u m a n to f org i v ed i i n
rr e
, ,
v .

216 1 30 . Cor ne
i l l ei s
v e c o nf es s ed th at sa id to h a th is w as h i s c as e ,

whe n o na c e
,
r t ai no ccas io n B oi l ea u c ongrat u l ated h i m ,
o n t h es u cc es s of

h i s tragedies .

21 6 1 33 H o r ( 29 ) . 39 1

21 7 1 45 3 . Ci . Si d ne
y, f
o P o sye 2 18 Sh e y, D e
ll e f n
e se
qf
P oe
try 5 20 fi .

21 7 1 52 CI 7 4 534 iii ,
. a nd th eno t e
s .

21 7 1 58 . I n h is Wor ks and D ay : ( a t ransl ation b y Ch apm an, a nd

a noth er i nBoh ns ’
Li b ra ry ) .

21 8 1 6 7 . A t t h i s p oi nt B oi l e
au b e g i n s t o le a d u p to h i s e i
p g l o u e ,
w h i h c
is al s o a p a negyri H e h er ec r e
s
. u m es , b y w a y o f o nt r a s t w i t h t h e p a r a c
p h r as eo f H or a c e, w h a t w a s a l r e
a d y v ir t u a l l y co nc l u d e
d i nl i ne1 32 .

21 8 1 8 1 if A p a ra p h r as eo f J u v e
. nal 7 59 6 2 ; th eH orat i ano der e ferr ed .
—
t o is 2 1 9 . .
 l

B01 LE A U . 289

21 8 1 98 . T h is is th em os t erio u s r e
s p ro a c h th at ca sse
n b eadd re d to
R a c i ne .

21 8 200 For Benserad e( 1 6 1 2 1 69 1 ) seeSai nts b u ry Hi st F r eu d : L i t

.
-
, . .

p . 2 7 8 . H e h a d a k n a c k i n c o m p
, o s i ng m a s q u e s f o r th e c o u r t i e rs o f i d e n ,

t if y i n g t h e m y t h o l o g i c a l c h a r a c t ers o f t h e p i ec e w i t h th eac tu al c h ar ac te rs
o f th os ew h o p e rs o nated th em .

21 9 1 83 Sc o tt ( di io n of D ry de
. e t n 5 2 6 3) p ri nts O r w h i c h I h ave
1 , .
‘
,
’

c h a nged to Nor .
’

220201 Se .
g ra i s i s n o w
.
c h i cfl y r e m e m b e r e d f o r h is tr a n s l a tio n o f the
E ne z d to w h i c h D ry d e nf r e qu entl y r ef ers
’

.
,

220207 T h e Fr e
. a ch an d En gl is h w e r e al l i es i n th e w ar agai nst
Holl and .

220209 M as tri ch t c api t u l at e

. d i nJ u n e 1 67 3 , .

22021 3 D 6 1e Sal i n
. s, an d Be , s an co n th e t h r e , e p ri nci pal c i ti e s of

Franc h eCo m té r ec onq u er ed b y th eFr ench i n 1 6 7 4

-
, .

B le ss i n s o
g f p e a ce Ch a r l e
. s 11 m ad e e
p a c ew i th th eD u tc h i n1 6 4
7 .

221 21 5 I n1 6 7 2 w as f or m e
. d a le agu e o f f e ns iv e to Fr anc e i nt o w h i c h ,

e nte red Sp ai n Denmark Ho ll and th e E mperor and al l of Germany

, , , ,

e x c et B ava ri a an
p d H a n o v e r .

221 21 5 Now le
. t e tc Doe
, s th i s r e
. fe r to th ef al l o f Sh af tesb u ry
( N o v e m b er 1 6 7 3)
,

221 220 B ou tgf e . w A Gal l i c is m f or i ncend i a ry ; i n Drydens ti me

.
’

i t w as a w ord o f g oo d r e u ta t io n b u t i s n o o e e c o no e
”
b l ( )
’
p o w , s t S t t
. s t .

222 235 P o peh as i mi tate

. d th e sel i n e s E ss ay on Cr i t i ci s m 7 39 7 44
,
-

C on nt , i f h e
te nceth eu ntu rne d th e ir w ants may iew
v ,

T h el e arn ed re fle ct o nw h a t b e f oret h e y k new ;

Ca re le ss o f ce ns u re nor too f o nd o f f a m e;
,

S ti l l p l eas ed to p ra is ey e t n o t af ra i d to b la m e
,

A ve rsea l i k et o fl a t te r or o fl e nd ;
'

N01 f re ef ro m f a u l ts nor ye t too vai nto m e

, nd .
 I ND E X .

[ T h eo nl y p ro p er na m es a d m i t t e
d a re t h o s eo f a u t h o rs , act u a l o r p u ta t i v e, and th e ir
w o rk s . W h ere, 1 n t het ra ns l a t i o n f ro m Bo i l ea u , E ng l 1 s h na m es h a v e be en s u bs t i t u ted
f o r t h eF rench , t hey a rere fe rre d t o b y t h eco rre s pon d i ng l i n eo f t heF rench H s t a nds . .

f o r Ho ra ces A
’
et r y V f o r V ida s
r t q/ P o , .
’

, and B f o r Bo i l e
. au s Nu m b ers encl o se
’
d in
.

s qu a reb racke
ts p o i nt to a re fe
rencem erel y ,
and W i l l u s u a l l y b ef ou n o te
d i nt h en s j .

A cc i u s H 1 9 258 . . A ri th m eti c too m u ch i ns is ted o n

A cc u m u l a t io n o f w ord s and i d eas H 24 323 —
332
. .

V 43 62- 44 7 4
. . r
A ms, de
s c ri ptions of 92 228 —
231 ,

A c t i ve l i f e m u s t no t c o ns u m e to o 9 5 26 7 - 27 0 .

m u c h o f th e p o e t s ti m e V
’
A rra ng em ent 11
4 42 45 ; V 7 8 1 5 —
—
. . .

65 398 66 408 . 1 6 , 806 1 - 8 1 69 ; B 1 69 1 7 6- 182 . .

fi na l s e eVirgi l
,
. A rt nec ess ary f o r th epo et H 7 86- 87 .

E seh yl u s H 21 27 9 ; B 189 7 1 7 4 . .
-
. o f c on c eal i ng art H 1 8 240- 243 ; .

A ges o f m a n th ev a rio u s H 1 2 1 58
, . V 92 227 ; B 213 80
. . .

1 3 1 7 6 ; B 205 37 3—
206 390 . . or geni u s I I 30408- 31 41 8 . .

A m p h io n H 29 394 ; B 21 7 1 49 . . . A thl et i cs c o m p ar ed w th i l i te
ra t u re
A m p l i fi cat i o no f l i m i t ed su bj et , h o w
c H 28 37 0- 382, 3041 2 -
414 .

ef f ec t ed V 99 . 342- 1 01 366 . A voi danc e o f o ne f au l t l eads to

A na p h or a V 1 27 1 43 1 47 .
-
. ano t h er H 3 24 31 ; B 16 2 64 .
-
.

An c i ents to b ei m i tated and ad ap t ed 1 63 08 .

V 1 29 1 86 - 1 36 28 7
. .

Annal is t , p o et no t a n V 82 7 4 .
-
77 ; Bal l ad eB 1 801 41 . .

B 17 7 73 —
. 81 . Ba r b e
r, o nem ay v i si t a t b ea
nd ye
o nc em ent o f th emeV
A nn u . 78 1 7 -
20 .
p o e
t II . 22 295- 302 .

A pos t ro p h e V 1 25 1 21 —1 22 .
, 1 26 1 30 eHo m e
B a l r a c/ wmy om a c/z i a , s e r .

1 35 . Be au tie d o n re
s t o b es u pp l i e v is io n
A r c h i l och u s H . 6 79 . V 93 m7 - 9 S 27 7
. .

A rc h i t e ct u r e o f th e e
p ic V . 78 17 Be
g i nni ngs t o b emo de
s t H 1 1 1 36 .

l 1 4 557 . 1 42 ; V . 79 30- 36 ; B . 200200

A ri os t o B 201 201
. . 201 286 .
294 I ND E X .

Bens e
ra d eB 220200 . . Cl i m ax to b e p ro v i d e
d f or V .

Berger ac B 21 1 39 . .
—
7 9 37 39 .

Be
rt a u t B 1 66 1 30 . . Co l l ete
t B 21 9 1 85 . .

B i b l i c al pe rs o nages i n t h eep i c B . C om ed y, v ers e ap prop ri ate f or H .

1 95 1 93- 1 98 236 . 7 89 , 93 - 94 .

Bl as p h emy to be v oi d ed
a B .
g ener a l p r e
c e
p ts ,
f or B . 205 359
1 83 1 87 —1 90 . 208 420 .

Bl e
m is h e
s , if t ri fl i ng , to b e ov e
r h i s t ory of B 203 335—
. 204 358 .

l ook e
d H 26 347 353 .
-
. th eO l d H 21 . 28 1 284 -
.

B oi l e
au
p a i nted by h i ms elf B . Co m m o n t h i ngs d i f fi cu l t t o t r e
at

221 223-
222 236 . ori gi nal ity H 101 28
w th i . .

B o m b as t t o b ea v oi d ed H 3 27 , 8 97 ; . Co m pa r a t i v el i t er at u r e s tu d y o f , V .

B . 1 64 98- 1 6 5 1 02 , 1 6 8 1 69- 1 60, 4 7 1 23 1 28 -

.

1 9 2 1 36- 1 93 1 44 . Co m p o u nd w ords V . 1 37 305- 1 38 31 5 .

Bor e o et n ot t o be
c o m e a B Co nc ei ts B 1 7 8 1 06- 1 801 38
, p . . .

21 1 49- 21 2 68 . Corb i nB 21 1 36 . .

Boy e
r B 21 1 34 . . Cor ne
i ll eB 2201 95 . .

B ré b eu f B . 1 64 98 . Corr e c t io n V 1 4 8 47 3—1 51 508 ; no t .

B rev i ty i np recep t H 25335- 337 . . t o b ee x ces s i e1 51 50 9 51 5 v -

.

Bu tl e r B 164 96 . . Co u nt ry p o e t sh ou l d pre
, fer to c i t y
V 7 1 486—
. 496 .

Cae
cil i u s H 5 54 . . Co u r t ci ty to b e s tu d i ed b y
a nd
s i s to b eav oi d e
Cat a c h r e d V 1 27 1 48 . c om i c p o et B 206 39 1 207 400 .
-
.

1 28 162 . Co w l e y B 2201 95 . .

Ca tal o gs i nt h ee
p ic V . 9 4 26 0—26 1 . Cr a z y p o e ts H 22 295— 302 33 453 .
,

Ca t o H 5 56 . . 3547 6 .

Ch a r a c te ri z at io n , fid el i ty of B . Cri t i c , t h et r u eH . 32 438 -
33 452 ; B .

1 901 03 1 9 1 -
1 23 . 1 7 01 99 -
207 , 21 3 7 1 84 -
.

Ch a r a c t e
rs and m a nners to b e d is th e n m pe
i c o tent B 21 2 59 — 21 3 7 0 . .

c ri mi nated V 1 07 459—1 1 0495 . . Cri ti c i s m o f firs t e f f r ts s h o u l d b e o

Ch a ri o t Ho m e
, r s d es cri p tio n o i ’
, le ni ent V 69 466 —7 1 485 . .

b l am ed V 88 1 7 6 89 1 7 8 .
-
. s h o u l d b ec o u r ted V 1 48 460— 47 2 ; .

Ch a u c e
rB . 1 8 2 1 69 . B 1 69 1 83- 1 92
. .

Ch ocri l u sH 26 357 . . Cu l e
x , s e
eV irgi l .

Ch o r u s H 1 5 1 93 201
.
-
.

Ch ro no l o gi c a l o rd er epi c p o et , no t D A ss o u
’
ci B 1 6 4 90 . .

o
t o f o l l w V 8 2 7 4- 7 7 . . D av ena nt B . 1 66 1 23 .

Ci ce
ro to b es tu d i ed V 6 4 385 390 .
-
.
c enc y to b eob s erv ed V 1 1 2 526
De .

C i v fl i z a ti o n p rom o t e
d b y p oet ry H . 1 1 3 641 .

29 301 — 401 V 7 3 6 1 6- 7 6 663 ; . De

l ay i n p u b l is h i ng V . 147 455

B 21 7 146 —1 64
. . 1 51 6 1 6 .
296 I ND E X .

E ye
s c onvey i m pr ess io ns m or e e
Gr ek , b orrow i ng f ro m H 4 52 .
—
53 .

d ir e c tl y th anea rs H 14 1 80— 1 82 . . m odel s to b ef o l l o w ed H 20268 .

E x ord i u m o f th ee p i c t o b es t ri k i n
g
V 8 1 60—
. 61 .
p o e ts , s tu dy of V 4 7 1 23
. .

E x p os i tio n o f th e dra m a m u st be ex il e s , mode

r nV 48 1 434 9 148 . .

cl ear B 1 86 27 —1 8 7 37
. . G re e ks ha v e g eni u s a nd l i te
r ary
E x tre
mes to b ea v oi d e
d H 3 24—
31. . s k il l H 24 323—
324
. .

Harmon y b etw e
ens o u nd a nd s ens e
Fairfax B 16 5 1 1 7
1 4 1 365—
. .

V 1 47 454
Fa m eas a r ew ard V 1 52 521 —526
. .

Ha rs h ne x a m l eo f
ss , e a hes
te c r
. .
’ ’

Faret B 1 6021 .
p a
.

V 55 216- 56 264
Fig u res c a u t io n i n t h e u s eo f V
.

H as t enslo w ly B 1 6 8 163—
.
,
17 4
143—
.

1 28 1 62
.

127
He ro o f ep i c m u s t b etr u l y h eroi c
.

eo f i nep ic
u s B 201 287 - 294
B 1 98 245—1 99 252
. .
,

Fil e l a b or o f nec ess ary H

. .

22 289
He s io d B 21 7 1 57
, ,
.

. .

29 1
He x ame ter H 6 7 3 7 4 ; V 4 1 35
.

Fi ni sh r ec om m end ed H
. . .

22 292-
294
— Hi s t ory o f v e r nac u l ar p o et ry B
. .

Fl at ter ers B 1 7 01 93 1 98
.

.
-
, 21 1 41 18 .

1 6 5 1 1 3- 1 6 7 1 46
F le
ck no eB 1 64 94
.

Ho m e
r I I 6 7 4 26 359 29 401 ; B
. .

enc y n de e
n e
n H
,
. .
,
Fl u o w h at p d t
201 295 202 308 203 326 , 21 7 1 55
.
,
-
,
4 40 4 1 , 23 309 - 31 1
-
.

1 56
Fu t u r e ev ents to b e i nti m ated
.

V
ref erred to H 1 1 1 40
.

. .

85 1 24 8 7 -
155
r ee i ne n c e
.

m o f V 48 1 34 1 40 -
p . .

d i gr ess io ns s om e ti m e
s fou nd in
G alli c w ords i nLat i nV 1 36 290 . . V 88 1 66 —
. 8 9 1 85 .

Ge
ni u or H 30408—3 1 41 8 r ef err ed
'

s a rt . . B a tr a c/z omy om a c/z z a to

nec ess ary to th epo e t B 1 1 —

59 1 2 . . V 69 463—
. 4 64 .

ntl e
Ge ne s s i n th e t eac h er reco m I l i a d B 1 99 254-
. 255 .

me nd e d V 54 232 — 57 27 7 . . s c h em eo f V 8 1 7 4- 83 86
. .

Ge
og r a p h y , stu d y of , r ec o m m end ed [ Book I .

to t h ep o et V 6 5393—394 . . 245 284 : 1 1 0501 ; 348 : 1 901 06 ;

-

Ge
or i a eV irgi l
se 364 39 2 99 332 1 —
60 604
g
-
, .

no t p e
G l ory , lf to b e t h e p o e 1 23 80
’
t s , .

obj ec t B 216 1 25—219 1 7 8 Book 2

—
. . .

G nomi c s entenc e —
s V 9 5 27 8 9 6 28 1 . . 23—33, 60 7 0 99 329 ; 210 27 7
-

G o m b a u t B 1 7 8 97 , 21 1 48 . .
— 2 —
89 1 80 82; 1 88 206 , 7 332
8
G ood f e t to b e B 21 5 1 21
l l o w , poe a . 1 1 0499 ; 469—
4 7 3 z 96 286 E .

21 6 1 24 B ook 3
—
. .

G ood s ns eB
e . 1 6028 . 84 1 1 3 ; 221 223 z l 47 449 150 -
.
 I ND E X. 29 7

B oo k 5 . Book to .

1 00347 ; 7 20 7 32 : 88 1 7 6
- . 1 00356 .

Book 6 . Book 1 1 .

1 1 9 237
-
9 7 307 —
314 . 1 00353, 358 ; 593- 600: 1 44 41 5 .

Book 8 . Book 12 .

1 27
-
: 1 00350 . 1 00356 ; 39 5—396 : 98 320 .

Book 9 . Book 1 3 .

1 22 1 57 , 264 299 99 336

- - .
—
1 1 6 : 100356 .

Book 10 . Book 1 4 .

—
27 2 27 7 : 1 00355 . 327 330 7 4 534
-
.

Boo k 1 1 . Book 1 9 .

558 56 5 96
- 292 . 296 - 299 2 74 534 56 2 565
Book 1 3 . 98 324 .

8 21 - 8 23 1 00355 . Book 2 1 .

Book 1 4 . 85 1 1 9 .

1 8 7 —223 201 296 . B oo k 24 .

Book 1 6 . 242—243 : 100

64 6 44 z 96 286 111 ;
1 -
843 Hor ac e[ H 23 304 . B 1 8 1 1 51 ,
.

86 1 38 . 21 9 1 34, 221 228 .

Book
7 1 . Horri b l eand d is gu st i ng ac tio ns no t
426 —
440 9 8 322 . to b e r epr es ented o nt h es tage
Book 1 8 . H 14 . 1 62- 1 38 ; B 187. 51 —1 88 54 .

35 Ft . 9 5 27 3 27 5 -
. Hy p e
r b ol eV . 1 25 1 1 6 - 120 .

Book 1 9 .

404—41 7 98 322 6 —
7 248 I amb i c m etreH 6 7 9 7 19 .
-
82, 251 - 254 .

83 1 00 . 1 . 1 —
I d yl B 7 3 1 7 537 .

Book 23 . I l i a d se
, eHom er .

1 01 359 I l i ads no t to b e attem pted by

—
.
,

Book 24 . beg i nne rs V 6 9 459 460 . .

2904 21 : 1 00 I magi nati ep o w er o f th epo et

v V .

1 01 36 7 - 1 03 394 .

beg i nni ng o f H 1 1 1 41 1 42 ; V
.
-
. I mi tatio no f u gl i nes s m ay b e l e
p as

80 50
46 -
. i ng B . 18 5 1 - 8 .

e vents i nH 1 1 1 45 . . I mpro b ab i l i ti es to be a voi d ed V .

s ch em eo f V 83 8 7 —
97 . 9 7 301 - 98 324 ; B 1 8 7 47 - 50 . .

[ Book 8 . I nc i d ent s u per ab u nd anc eo f to b e

, ,

47 0- 586 : 1 00356 . d B 199 255—

a v oi d e 256 . .

Book 9 . I nc o ngr u i ty no t al l ow abl e 1 —2 1 3 .

1 00356 ; —
39 66 83 90; 3 16 —
47 0 I nf erior po ets to h es om etim es r ead
84 1 02 . V 1 301 964 31 209
. .
298 I ND E X .

I ns piratio n H 22 295— 29 7 . Li m er eB 1 83 1 94 . .

1 05429 — 1 06 444 . Li t erat u re , how p ro d u c e

d H .

r es t rai nt o f V 1 06 145—1 07 454 .

«
. 23 309 Ff .

I ns tr u c tio na nd p l eas u r eth ed o u bl e Lov e, t h e p ass io n of , e

x e
p l s th e
a im of
p o et ry H 2 5 333 —
334, . c r eati vef ac u l ty V 6 3 364—
6 4 37 8 . .

u se of i n t h e dr a m a B 1 9093
, .

I nvented c h ar ac t ers to b es el f -
co n 102 .

sistent H 10 1 25—
1 27 . B . a d m ss i i b l e i n p oetry B . 21 4 97
19 1 124- 1 9 2 1 26 . 21 5 1 1 0 .

I nvent io n V . 77 11 —7 8 1 4 , 1 34 26 4 Lu can B 21 3 84 . .

1 35 266 . Lu c ili u s B 1 8 1 1 47 . .

to be le
a rned from th e G r eek Lu c r e ti u s r e rred
fe to V . 49 1 58
writ ers V . 1 1 3 542—
545 . 501 60, 901 96 —
1 99 .

I nv oc ation V . 39 1—
5, 77 1 —1 0, 7 8 20 Lyri c H 7 . 83 8 5 — .

79 29 , 1 1 4 556 562 -
.

I rony V 1 26 1 36 —1 42
. . M a c ed o ni an w ords i n La ti n V .

I tal y d is tr a c t ed b y w ar and f oreign 1 36 29 1 .

o p pres s i o nV 1 1 4 563—1 1 5 57 0 adrigal B 1 801 43—1 8 1 1 44

. . M . .

M agn o nB 21 1 36 . .

J o n s o n B 20 7 39
. 3 M a l
. h er b e B 1 60 1 7 1 66 1 31 .
, .

J u v enal B 1 8 1 1 57 . M al l ev il l eB 1 7 8 97
. . .

M a rot B 1 64 96 1 66 1 1 9 .
,
.

K no w l e dg e ab u nd a nt r e
, q u ir ed b y M as t ery o f ev ery d epar t m ent b f
,

th ee p pi c o et B 202 309 —2 0 3 334 k n o w l

. ed g e i m p o ss i b l e t o t h e .

p o e t V 6 5 398 — 6 6 40 8 . .

Lab or o f th e e p i c p o et m u s t b e M a y n a r d B 1 7 8 9 7 . .

i nc ess ant V 8 7 1 56 1 59 M a x i m s V 95 27 8—
. 96 28 1-
. . .

La M or l i e r eB 21 1 36 . Me d io c ri t y no t ad m i s s i b l ei np o e
. t ry
Lampoons B 1 83 1 81 —1 84 204 . H 27 368 28 386 ; V 6 2 354 . .
-
.

Langu age to b e re s pe c t ed B 6 3 363 ; B 209 1 21 1 40 . .

-
.

1 6 7 1 55—1 6 8 1 6 2 Me l o dy o f v e
. rs eB 1 6 5 1 03—1 1 2 . .

La ti n p o e try i ts h is tory s k e
, tc h e d Me nand e r B 204 352 . .

V 49 1 49 - 53 207
. . Mesn a rdié r eB 21 1 35 . .

ss t o l e
le ra nt of d i gr e
s s io ns th a n Met am or p h o s e s de s c ri b ed i n th e
e
G rek V 89 1 89—
1 90 e i c V 9 4 26 2—9 5 26 6
. .
p . .

p o e
t s c o m p ar ed w i th Gr eek H . Met ap h or V 1 2044 1 25 1 1 5 .
-
.

21 266- 292 . e
M t o n y m y V 1 2 6 1 23 — 1 29 . .

Lear ni ng, h o w f ar to b ei ntro du c ed Met ep p e

r ro
,
ri t y o f H 7 89- 8 98 . .

i nto th eepi c V 90205 .

-
93 238 . Metr e s H 1 9 251 21 27 4 ; V 66 41 5
.
- .

Le
av e s w ords r e
, sem b l eH . 5 60—
62 . 419 .
300 I ND E X .

P oets pr ot ec t ed by He
av e
n V . Re
p e
t i ti on t o b ea v oid ed V 98 35 .

7 1 49 7 -
7 3 51 4 . 99 336 .

P oints B . 1 7 8 1 05- 1 801 36 . Re

vi s i o nV 1 07 451 - 454 . .

P ow e
rs , do no t ex ce
ed you r H . v ol u ti o nB 1 88 55 —
Re 60 . .

3 314—
4 40; B 1 59 1 2 1601 9 4 16 . . R ic h m ens carcel y abl eto find sev er e
P r a i se fo
poet ry 1 1 29 39 1 —304 07 .
; c rit i cs H 31 419 32 437 .
-
.

v . 7 3 51 5- 7 6 563 ; B . 216 1 33 R imeto b e s u b s e rv ient t o senseB .

218 160 . 1 6027 1 6 1 -

38 .

P re
c ep t, b revi t y i n1 1 25 1135- 3 . 7 . R om a n i n ri ori ty in poeti
fe c art H .

P rema t u re dev el op m ent , dang er of 19 256 —21 27 4 .

V 61. R onde
a u B 1 801 40 . .

P ri m i ti v epo ets B 1 6 5 1 13 - 1 1 8 . . R onsa r d B 1 66 123, 1 7 4 21 . .

P ro b a b i l i ty to b e o b s er ved i n t rag
e
dy B 1 8 7 47 —
. 50 . Sa tir eB 1 81 1 45 1 82 1 80
.
-
.

P ro p h ec y V 85 1 24—
8 7 1 47 . . Sca no n: T”b a n B . 164 94 .

P r osa i c l s t o b egi v e
so u nu p b y th e Segr a i s B 220201 . .

te
ac h e
r V 59 31 2- 6 1 333 . . Selec t io no f m as t erp i eces f o r stu dy
P r o s ed ra f t of a p o em V 44 75 7 9 .
-
. V 4 7 1 30- 4 8 1 33
. .

t o b es t u d i ed by t h eem b ryo p oet Se

ns e t o ru l eth ew or ds a nd ri m es
V 64 37 9
.
-
39 0 . V . 139 329 —1 40354 ; B . 1 6027

p o e
m to be tu r ned i nt o V . 1 6 2 49 .

1 40350-354 . Sent enc e

s V 95 27 8 - 96 281 . .

P u r pl epat h e c
s 1 1 2 15- 16 . . s q u i pe
Se d al i a nw or ds H 8 . 1 94 .

P u r po s e, p o e
m s m u st be j u dged Sett l eB 21 2 53 . .

a cc or d i ng to t h eir 1 1 . 27 36 1 -
3115 . Sh a d w el l B 21 1 48 . .

Sh i e
ld of Ai ne
as V 9 2 228 - 23 1 . .

R ac anB 1 601 8 . . Sh i ps c h anged to is l a nd s V 98 323. .

R a ci neB 2201 97 . . Si m i l eV 96 . 262- 9 7 303, 1 28 1 63 -

1 69 .

Ka m pa l eB 21 1 . 35 . So c ra t e
s r ef err ed t o H 23 31 0 . .

R and al B . 1 7 4 21 . So n g a
, s ing l e goo d o ne d o es n ot

Rea di ng as a means of i ns p irat io n m ak ea p o e t B 1 83 1 9 1 —1 84 204 . .

V 1 05 423—
. 426 . So nne t B 1 7 7 6 2 1 7 8 1 02
.
-
.

R eas o n11 16027 1 6 2 48

.
-
. So ph o cl e s B 1 89 7 5— 80 . .

Recr eat io n sh o u ld al t r na te w i th
e Sp e ns e r B 1 601 6 1 66 1 1 9 2201 95
.
, , .

l ab o r V 6 1 340 6 2 353 .
— . S p o nd e eH 1 9 256 . .

Reflect i o n d e
m a nd ed of th e epi c Su bje c t h o w to c h oo s eH 3 38—4 41
,
.

p o et V . 87 1 56 - 88 1 65 B . V 42 39—
. 40 .

16 7 1 47 - 154 . anno u nc eme —

nt o f V 7 8 1 7 20 . .

R ég ni er B 1 82 1 69 . . to b e d eepl y p o nd e
r ed V 43 57 .

Rep e
a t ed b l u nd eri ng 1 1 . 26 353- 358 . 01 , 66 41 2- 4 1 4 .
 I ND E X . 301

d , t o b ec h os e
l i m i te nV 99 339 Vanity th e a u th or s B 1 7 0208
’
a .
, .

341 . 1 7 2 232 .

a l i m i te
d, h ow am pl i fi e
d V Vari ety of t al ents B 1 601 3—
18
—
. . .
,

99 342—1 01 366 . ss e
e ntial V 1 2032 43 ;
. B 1 6 3 69
.

Su s pens e
, to cre at e and m ai ntai n 78 .

V 7 9 30—85 1 23
. . V ari a s H 555 . .

Sy n op eV 1 38 31 8 - 328
c . . Vau d evi ll eB 1 83 181 —1 84 204 . .

V ersi f yi ng p r ac tic e in V 66 420

,
.

Tasso B 1 96 209 . . 69 46 5 .

Teac h er ch oi c eo f , V 4589 - 46 1 08 ,
. Vi da s
’
s c op e a nd am b i tio n V .

53 21 6 -
54 231 . 1 52 527 1 54 553 -
.

Tea h in
cgp o et ry V of . 54 232—71 485 . V i l l o nB . 16 5 1 1 7 .

Te
n tim e
s r ep eated ,
s o m e th i ngs V irgi l V 50105- 51 1 7 7 ; B
. .

sh al l p l e
as eH 27 365 . . 1 7 4 20, 203 325, 21 3 64 .

Terenc eB 207 398 , 208 415 . . as a m o del V 46 1 1 1 - 4 7 1 28 , 53 208 .

Theo c rit u s B 1 7 4 26 . . 21 5 .

T he s p is H 21 27 6 r ai s eo f V 1 54 554 - 1 56 502
. .
p . .

T i b u l l u s B 1 7 6 54 . . Cu /e x re rred to V
fe . 69 46 2 .

T me s is V 1 38 316 31 7 .
-
. A f m id .

T o tal i ty o f e ffec t p r ef erab l eto per [ 110 0 1‘ 1 .

fe cti o no f d e ta i l 1 1 3 32—37 . . 1 ff . 20027 6 -

26 0 ; 1 156 1

T rag e d y H 7 90 9 1 8 95-96 ; B .
-
, . 194 17 7 [T ; 35 : 142 mm; 8 1 123 : .

1 88 61 - 1 9092 . 101 300 ; 84 z 142 mm ; 105 1

T ra vel recomm ended to t h e po et 143 3 01 26 7 46 NM 390 1
V 6 5 301 - 392
. . 100355 ; 430 9 6 2114 : 47 4
T ri m ete
r H 19 252 f f . . 535 5m ; 5m 47 8 1

T ri vi ali t y to b ea v oi d ed i nt h eep ic 1 10 58 8 W! 1 142 m7 ;

B 1 99 2 57 —
. 2002118 . 6 57 6 . s 46 1 15 ; 097 7 50 1
T yp e
s o f h u ma ni ty t o b e ( l im ri m i 100350; 7 40 9 0200 .

na t ed 11 9 1 14 .
-
13 17 6 . 111 1 41 14 2.

Ty p/w n se eSca rw n , . 101m m; 7 7 19 8 : 1 10401 ; 24 1 1

T yrta e
u s H 29 402 . . 1 25 121 ; 1 1 5 42 5; 296
7 9 4; 102 68 4 544 :
Ugl i nes , i m i ta t i o no f , ma y 1m p l eas
ing B 18 5 1 — 8 . . ”00 14 3
Usa g e t h e l a w o f la ng u ag e 1 1 . 255 1 37 142 z 1 01 $47 2 ;

6 72 . 19 2 2 04 z 101 309 4 58 f t .

U nit ies , t h eB 1 8 7 . 738 - 46 . 8 5 1 29 ; 545 if . 3 46 " 549

Unit y a nd s i m p i ia it y I I 2 2 , 3
, 12 1 44 m ; 57 1 58 2 : 102 27 4 ff ;
171
4 . 58 1 6 58 :
302 I ND E X .

B oo k 4 .
86 1 35- 1 37 ; 36 5 425 439
1 05 1 68 : 1 1 2 530; 1 80: 1 42 37 3 ;
- 4 7 1 1 9 ; 49 5—505 86 1 45 ; 604
181 142 37 5 238—7 05 46 1 15 ; 7 6 2 7 96 112 : 4 7 1 1 9 .

133 234 300—

436 : 1 09 48 7 ; Book I I .

398 : 143 396 ; 402—407 96 28 5 ; 27 fl . 4 7 1 1 9 ; 122—1 32 : 89 1 86

594 : 1 45423 . 1 88 ; 243—29 5 z 99 337 ; 336 —37 5,
Book 37 6 —1 88 ; 384 386 -
5 .

1 01 359 ; 1 43 1 42 38 7 ; 21 7 1 27 1 41 ; 6 14 —
438 .

1 42 37 4 ; 294 396 Book 12 .

1 46 435 ; 422 1 44 4 14 ; 48 1 —
1 45 1 09 480- 485 244 26 5 -

1 45426 ; 866 : 1 43 388 —

38 9 .
1 00355 ; 842—86 8 z 86 1 42 ; 863
Book 6 . 864 : 1 44 409 41 0; — 943 : 4 7
1 00353 ; 86 6 8 5 1 29 ; 490 .

—
534 : 1 26 3 ; 5 31 524 : 1 26 1 39 ;
2
1 9
[ Book 4 .

—
7 19 7 51 z 9 1 21 5 ; 883 501 6 8 ; 3 : 75 ;
1 35 58—59 : 1 27 1 46 .

890 if . 8 5 1 29 893—896 B ook 9 .

98 324 .
40—4 1 9 5232 ]
Book 7 . Ge
org i a .

—
6 : 1 45 429 4 30; 27 28 : 1 45 429 Book
[
-
I .

430; 7 4 : 1 43 39 9 ; 80—9 5 7 4 538 ; 11 9 5 27 6 ; 356

9 1 26 1 28 ;
—
1 07 fi 6 464 1 4 3 388 — 46 6 —
‘

46 1 1 5 . 4 2 357 389 4 88
1 43 400 401 496 46 1 15 93 244
-
.

649 f f 47 1 19 ; 6 55—6 58 9 5 268 ;

.

Book 2
—
.

7 65 7 7 7 94 265
1 36—1 7 6 : 9 2 232 399 400
-

238 ;
.
-

Book 8 . —
1 45 7 41 8
41 4 58—47 4 9 3 245 ;
87—88 1 43 395 ; 91 1 43 396 ; 47 5 f i z 90200 .

1 84 Book 3
36 9—
.

4 16 —
406 1 1 0505 f f . 585
421 1 45 421 -
4 22 .

47 1 19 ; 6 26 - 7 31 : 92 228 ; 6 90
Book 4 .

333—
1 42 38 7 ; 6 9 2 : 143 393 — — 383
31 7 558 94
.

254 259
Book 9 .
9 5 27 3 -
27 5 38 2 383 -
9 5 27 7
37 1 45 423 ;
: 1 7 8 11 . : 47 1 21 ; —
453 527 : 1 1 1 51 5
47 V irtu eto b ei nc u l c at ed B 21 4 96 —
'

256 46 1 1 5 ; 324 fi . 1 21 ; 91 . .

420 Ff . 47 1 21 431 443 -

Vi s u al i nfl u ences m os t p o w er f u l H .

1 11 51 9- 525 ; 7 89 —7 98 96 29 1 .
1 4 1 80 -
1 82 .

Book 10 .
V i s u al i i ng
z p o w e
r of th e p o et V .

1 1 44 406 ; 1 1 1 7 : 1 4 2—
08 7 47 7 ; -
1 01 36 7 - 1 03 394 .

—
1 66 9
1 3 9 4 260—264 ; 225— 24 5 V u l ga r i ty t o b ea voi d ed B 163 7 9
.

98 323 ; 29 1 : l 43 39 0; 31 0—31 3 1 64 9 7 .
 HI G HE R E NG LI S H .

Minto s Manu al
'
o f En
gl i s h Pros eLitera t u re .

De s i gn ed m ai n l y t o sh o w ch a r acte r is t i cs o f s t y l e By W I LLI A M M m r o , .
'

M A , P rof e
. . ss or o f Log i c an d L u gh e h Li t e r at u r ei n t h eUn i ve
r s i t y of
A be rd een, Scot l and 1 2111 0 Cl ot h 506 p ages M ai l i ng p r i ce,
. . . .

f or i n t rod u ct i on , al l o wance , 40 ce nts .

HE m a i n d e
s i gn i s to as s i s t i n d i re
cti ng stu de
nts i n E ngl is h
nt o t h eme
co m p os i t i o ri ts a n d de fects o f t h e r i n
p c i p a l w r i t e r s

of p ros e e nab l i ng t h e
,
m i ns om ede g re e a,t l e as t t o ac q u i reth eo n e ,

an d av o i d t h eo t h e r T h eI nt r od u ct i o n a n
. al y z es s ty l e : e le me nts
o f s ty l e qu al i t i e
,
s of s t l e k in
y d s o f c o m p o s i t,i o n P a r t F i r s t g i ve s .

ex h au s t i veanal y se s o f DeQ u i n ce y M ac a u l a y a n d C a rl l e T h e
y , s e ,
.

se rv eas a k e t o a l l t h eoth e r a u t h o r s t re t e d P t S e n d t k e
y a a r c o a s .

u p th ep r o s eau t h ors i nh i s to ri ca l or d e r f ro m t h ef ou r te e nt h ce n ,

t u ry u p t o t h ee ar l y p ar t of t h en i nete ent h .

Hi r am Cors on P rof E ng l i s h L i t te
, . re st T h ec ri t i c i s ms and co mm e nts .

e ra t u r e Co r n
, el l Uni ve r s i ty —
W i t h ona u t h or s a read m ir ab l e t h eb e st ,

o u t goi n g o u ts i d eo f t h i s b oo k a ne ar o n t h ew h o l e t h at I h a v em e
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ne s t st u de nt co u l d g e t a kn ow l ed ge i na ny t ex t-b ook .

of E n g l i s h p ros es t y l es b as e d ont h e
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v ol u m es w h i ch I k now o i t ri al a n
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t s a n d E n g l i s h P ro s e t h e
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