Practice Problems Chapter 6

Question 1

1
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTT, TTH} = p (each outcome) = 8

Question 2

1. 10 × 10 × 10 × 10 = 104
10!
2. 𝑃𝑃410 = (10−4)! = (10)(9)(8)(7) = 5040

Question 3

Outcome Probability
E1 15/50 = 0.3
E2 20/50 = 0.4
E3 5/50 = 0.1
E4 (50-15-20-5)/50 = 0.2

Question 4

A: UTD defeat UTA, 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) = 0.63

B: UTD defeat UNT, 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = 0.55
𝑃𝑃 (𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0.3465

𝑃𝑃( 𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) 0.3465

a.) 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵|𝐴𝐴) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴)
= 0.63
= 0.55
b.) 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) – 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0.63 + 0.55 − 0.3465 = 0.8335
c.) 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0.3465
d.) From part (a) we know that 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵|𝐴𝐴) = 0.55 = 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)
A & B are independent.

Also, 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴)𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵); 0.3465 = 0.63(0.55)

Hence A & B are independent

Question 5

Let X denote the number of children they had

a. 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 < 4) = 𝑃𝑃(0) + 𝑃𝑃(1) + 𝑃𝑃(2) + 𝑃𝑃(3) = 0.05 + 0.125 + 0.6 + 0.15 =
0.925
b. 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 > 2) = 𝑃𝑃(3) + 𝑃𝑃(4) + 𝑃𝑃(5) = 0.15 + 0.05 + 0.025 = 0.225
c. 𝑃𝑃(2) + 𝑃𝑃(3) = 0.6 + 0.15 = 0.75

Question 6

𝑆𝑆 = {(1,1), (1,2), … , (6,6)} = 36 outcomes

1
P (each outcome) = 36
a. 𝑃𝑃(4,4) + 𝑃𝑃(5,5) + 𝑃𝑃(6,6) + 𝑃𝑃(4,5) + 𝑃𝑃(5,4) + 𝑃𝑃(6,4) + 𝑃𝑃(4,6) + 𝑃𝑃(5,6) +
𝑃𝑃(6,5) = 9�1�36� = 9�36 = 1�4
1 1 34
b. 1 – 𝑃𝑃(1,2) – 𝑃𝑃(2,1) = 1 − 36 − 36 = 36
c. 𝑃𝑃(2,2) + 𝑃𝑃(2,3) + 𝑃𝑃(2,4) + 𝑃𝑃(2,5) + 𝑃𝑃(3,2) + 𝑃𝑃(3,3) + 𝑃𝑃(3,4) + 𝑃𝑃(3,5) + 𝑃𝑃(4,2) +
16 4
𝑃𝑃(4,3) + 𝑃𝑃(4,4) + 𝑃𝑃(4,5) + 𝑃𝑃(5,2) + 𝑃𝑃(5,3) + 𝑃𝑃(5,4) + 𝑃𝑃(5,5) = 36 = 9
1 1
d. 𝑃𝑃(1,6) + 𝑃𝑃(6,1) + 𝑃𝑃(2,5) + 𝑃𝑃(5,2) + 𝑃𝑃(3,4) + 𝑃𝑃(4,3) = 6(36) = 6

Question 7

1
S = {(1,H), (1,T), (2,H), (2,T) ,…, (6,H), (6,T)} = 12 outcomes = P(each outcome) = 12
a. 1
12

b. 3
12

c. 8
12

Question 8

a. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0 because A & B are mutually exclusive.

b. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) − 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0.2 + 0.4 – 0 = 0.6
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) 0
c. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴|𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)
= 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)
= 0
d. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) =? 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴). 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = (0.2)(0.4)
NO!, A & B are not independent.
Question 9

a. A & B are independent because

𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴). 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = (0.2)(0.4) = 0.08
b. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∪ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) − 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0.2 + 0.4 – 0.08 = 0.52
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) 0.08 1
c. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴|𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵)
= 0.4
= 5
d. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0.08 ≠ 0, A & B are not mutually exclusive

Question 10

a. 𝑃𝑃(𝐷𝐷 ∪ 𝐴𝐴) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴) + 𝑃𝑃(𝐷𝐷) − 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐷𝐷)

0.6 = 0.4 + 𝑃𝑃(𝐷𝐷) – 0.03
𝑃𝑃(𝐷𝐷) = 0.23
b. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴|𝐵𝐵)𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) = (0.3)(0.2) = 0.6
𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐶𝐶) 0.04
c. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴|𝐶𝐶) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶)
= 0.1
= 0.4
d. 𝑃𝑃 (𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶 ) = 1 – 𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶) = 1 – 0.1 = 0.9

e. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 0.06 ≠ 0

A & B are not mutually exclusive

f. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐵𝐵) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴)𝑃𝑃(𝐵𝐵) ; 0.06 ≠ (0.4)(0.2)

NO! They are not independent

g. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐶𝐶) = 0.04 ≠ 0

A and C are not mutually exclusive

h. 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴 ∩ 𝐶𝐶) = 𝑃𝑃(𝐴𝐴)𝑃𝑃(𝐶𝐶); 0.04 = (0.4)(0.1)

Yes! They are independent

Question 11

a. 30 /200 = 0.15
b. 100 /200 = 0.5
30/200
c. 𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆|𝐹𝐹) = 𝑃𝑃(𝑆𝑆 ∩ 𝐹𝐹) /𝑃𝑃(𝐹𝐹) = 80 /200
= 3 /8
d. 120 /200 = 0.6
 100
= 12 = 5�6
𝑃𝑃(𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 ∩𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀) 10
e. 𝑃𝑃(𝑀𝑀|𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀) = = 200
120
𝑃𝑃(𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀)
200