Injuries Q – Angle of the Knee

- are damaged tissues or organs which occur - the angle formed by a line drawn from the
when it encounters trauma or physical force Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) to the
that is greater than what it can resist or center of the patella and to the tibial tubercle
absorb
Acute Types of Injury
Factors Influencing the Ability of Tissues or Organs to
Effectively Resist or Absorb force 1. Sprain
- caused by twisting or pulling force
1. Inherent Abnormality - overstretched ligaments
2. Age - can be classified as mild, moderate, and
3. Technique severe depending on the loss of function and
4. Fitness Level the number of torn fibers
5. Equipment - a commonly sprained ligament is the
6. Environmental Aspects Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) which is a
connective tissue that helps stabilize the knee
Tissues and Organs that react to Impact and Direction every time the muscles contract
of the Force: 2. Strain
1. Tensile Forces - caused by pulling force during rapid
- are those that act away from the center of acceleration and excessive stretching that
the structure, causing a pull or stretch causes tears in the muscle tendon unit
2. Compressive Forces 3. Fracture
- impact the center causing it to bend or fold - caused by falling or breaking a fall
3. Shear Forces - breaks in the continuity of the bone
- are opposing forces toward the different - usually occurs as a result of high impact
ends of the structure causing it to twist forces that cause the bone to bend or twist
4. Dislocation
Classification of Sports Injuries - caused by falling or breaking a fall
- are bones that are pushed out from their
1. Acute Injuries
joint capsule
- have signs and symptoms that manifest
5. Contusions or Concussion or Bruise
immediately after force application
- caused when blood vessels are damaged or
2. Chronic or Overuse Injuries
broken as the result of a blow to the skin
- have signs and symptoms that occur after a
long period of exposure to the force Overuse or Chronic Types of Injury

Structure Function Acute Injury 1. Stress Fracture

ligaments stabilized joints sprain - caused by repetitive high impact stress and
tendons attach muscle to bones sprain application of force
muscles create movements strain
- tiny cracks in a bone
bones anchor for muscles fracture
joints fulcrum for movement dislocation 2. Tendinopathy or Tenditis
- caused by repetitive movement using poor
technique
Fibers - most common overuse injury in sports
Category Loss of Function
Damaged usually due to muscle imbalance between
mild minimal pain when
muscle pairs
(first degree) tear moved
3. Osteoarthritis
moderate partial pain at rest when
(second degree) tear moved - caused by repetitive high impact stress
severe complete complete loss of - is the wear and tear of a joint that results to
(third degree) tear function its deterioration
 4. Bursitis - this injury is common to contact and combat
- caused by repetitive movement using poor sports like boxing and is caused by a strong
technique blow to the head that temporarily impairs
- when Bursa (a small balloon like sac found brain function
around joints and other moving parts of the - aside from being unconscious, the injured
body) is inflamed and filled with fluid athlete might show other signs of amnesia,
loss of balance, poor motor coordination, and
Strategies to Minimize Sports Injuries slurred speech
1. adopt a Comprehensive Training Program - the signs may manifest right after the trauma
2. use a protective equipment and practice or it could be delayed for a few hours
correct technique - can be life-threatening if blood vessels in the
3. incorporate recovery strategies in the training brain are ruptured
program Types of Concussion
4. follow rules and decorum during competition
Category Description Characteristics
Strategies to Minimize Training Injuries no loss of consciousness,
grade I mild condition normalizes in
1. proper attire less than 15 minutes
2. proper technique no loss of consciousness,
3. gym etiquette grade II moderate condition normalized
4. proper environmental conditions beyond 15 minutes
5. adequate recovery grade III severe loss of consciousness

How to Choose the Right Kind of Shoes?

1. choose shoes specific to the sports or activity

2. determine appropriate shoe size
3. evaluate foot movement pattern

Brannock Device

- classifies the size of the foot by measuring the

length and width of the foot

Diagnostic Process

- done by the doctor only in the doctor’s clinic

- accounts all the information needed to see a
holistic picture of the cause and severity of
the injury such as patient’s history
comprehensive physical exam

Injury Evaluation Process

- happens in the field

- to rule out the presence of a severe injury or a
2 signs of life threatening conditions:
life-threatening condition
✓Unconsciousness and ✓Not breathing
Primary Survey

- a quick evaluation if there are life-threatening

injuries present

Concussion