PE 3rd mid Reviewer ni RL
soon are not able to cope with the increased demand
Injuries- damaged tissues or organs which occur when it
encounters trauma or physical force that is greater than what it
can resist or absorb
Tissues and organs- react to the impact and direction of the
force
Tensile forces-act away from the center of the structure, causing
a pull or stretch
Compressive forces- impact the center causing it to bend or fold
Shear forces- opposing forces toward the different ends of the
structure causing it to twist
Ligaments- stabilizes joints
Tendons-attaches muscle to bones
Bone- anchor for muscles
Muscle- create movements
Joints- fulcrum for movement
Sports injuries-can be classified either acute or chronic /overuse
Acute Injuries-have signs and symptoms that manifest
immediately after force application
Chronic or Overuse Injuries- signs and symptoms occur after a
long period of exposure to the force
Excessive stretching force-can cause the fibers of the ligament,
muscle, or tendon to break
Sprain-an overstretched
ACL- anterior cruciate ligament; a connective tissue that helps
stabilize the knee every time the muscle contract
Strain- a twist, pull or tear of muscle tendon
Fractures-are breaks in the continuity of the bone
Dislocations-bones that are pushed out from their joint
capsule
Concussion-life threatening injuries because they disrupt the
normal function of the brain
Microscopic injuries- the result of training too hard and too
Stage 1 injury-complain of pain after the activity, game or
training
Stage 2 injury-complain during and after an activity but do not
feel it during rest
Stage 3 injury-the athletes feels pain whether at rest or play
Intrinsic risk factor- characteristics inherent to the individual
Extrinsic risk factor-factors related to environment
Injuries are associated with age. Obese and has poor fitness level
higher risk of injury. Fractures and acute injuries are common in
youth while overuse injury in older individuals
Inflammatory response- removes the damaged tissue by
increasing blood flow and activating the lymphatic system
Swelling-occurs due to fluid accumulation as a result of
increased blood flow result of increased blood flow and blood
vessel permeability
Inflammation- characterized by pain, redness and warmth
Actual repair phase- laying down of new cells and blood vessels
in the injured site; last for several days or months
Last/maturation phase- tissue will become stronger as it aligns
itself to provide maximal resistance to tensile forces
Stress Fracture-commonly occur among runners who train for
long periods without adequate rest periods
Microtrauma- as thick as a strand of hair
Shinbone- the usual area affected by stress fracture
Tendinopathy/tendinitis- most common overuse injury in sports
involves the muscle tendon unit
Little League Elbow- an injury brought about by repetitive stress
due to poor throwing techniques
Osteoarthritis- the wear and tear of a joint that results to its
deterioration
Bursa-sac-like musculoskeletal structure that provides support
and cushioning to the joint
Heat illnesses- are due to excessive dehydration and high body
temperature commonly attributed to training in poor weather
conditions
Heat stroke-most life threatening case of health illness
Dehydration-lack of enough fluid to function the body normally
Comprehensive training Program- addressing the fitness
parameters; holistic program that suits an individual’s needs and
demands
STRATEGIES ON HOW U CAN MINIMIZE SPORTS
INJURIES
 Adapt a comprehensive training program
 Use protective equipment and practice
correct technique\
 Incorporate recovery strategies in the
training program
 Follow rules and decorum during
competition

Training and exercise-controlled form of stress that stimulates
the body to become stronger
Recovery-necessary to incorporate in the routine
Shoes-very important in preventing injuries while playing
Overpronation- experienced in the foot when the inside part of
the soles are worn out more than the outside part
RECOMMENDATIONS ON CHOOSING SHOES
 Choose a shoe specific to the sports or
activity
 Determine appropriate shoe size
 Evaluate foot movement pattern


Underpronation- experienced in the foot when the outside part

of the soles are more worn out more than the inside part

ENUMERATION

SIGNS OF DEHYDRATION

 Dizziness
 Fatigue
 Weakness
 Dry mouth
 Flushed skin
 Headache
 Blurred vision
 Difficulty swallowing
 Dry skin
 Hot skin
 Rapid pulse
 Frequent need to urinate