CRITICAL APPRAISAL

FOR THE CITY OF SURAT,

GUJRAT
ASSIGNMENT 1

BY MT21TRE002
Omkar Anil Powar

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Table of Contents
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF CITY .............................................................................................................................. 3
About Surat...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Existing Transportation System ........................................................................................................................... 4
Registered No Of Vehicles ............................................................................................................................... 4
Mofussil routes ................................................................................................................................................ 5
Regional Bus Network ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) ......................................................................................................................... 7
Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) Modes ........................................................................................................ 8
Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) ........................................................................................................................ 8
Existing PT System Scenario(Projected demand for horizon year) ..................................................................... 9
Trip rate analysis: ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Household survey data .................................................................................................................................... 9
Vehicle ownership data ................................................................................................................................. 10
Trip Rate ............................................................................................................................................................ 11
Mode share........................................................................................................................................................ 11
Trip Purpose and Mode Share ........................................................................................................................... 11
Cost of PT proposal............................................................................................................................................ 12
Indicators ........................................................................................................................................................... 12
Other Indicators............................................................................................................................................. 13
Improvement required: ..................................................................................................................................... 14
References ......................................................................................................................................................... 15

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GENERAL OVERVIEW OF CITY
About Surat
Surat continues to experience a high population growth rate for the last four decades, placing itself at
the 8th position in terms of population size countrywide as per Census 2011. Parallel to industrial
expansion, Surat emerged as a major centre for trade and commerce in the region. t. It has a total area
of 958.16 sq. km.

Study Region Area (sq. km)

SMC 326.52
SUDA Old 715.00
SUDA extended (Since 2015) 1351.00

In SMC, 89 wards were further split to form TAZs based on the above criteria and around 313 TAZs
were identified. In SMC, 89 wards were further split to form TAZs based on the above criteria and
around 313 TAZs are present. And total of 515 TAZs are currently present.

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Existing Transportation System
Registered No Of Vehicles
The city of Surat is well connected by road, rail and air. Several National and State Highways pass
through the city. As a result, the volume of traffic entering the city is very high. The city’s
transportation system is predominantly road based. Dependence on individual modes and intermediate
public transport is high due to the absence of an adequate public transport system. Though roads are
generally wide, network design and development is not complete. The number of vehicles registered
with the Surat RTO has risen from 0.62 lakh in 1980 to 30.09 lakh in March 2018. In the last five years
alone, the growth in vehicles has been around 9% per year. In terms of the number and type of vehicles
being registered, it is seen that 2-wheelers lead the growth followed by cars and 3-wheelers. As per
Surat RTO data, of the total vehicles registered (30.09 lakh) till March 2018, 2-wheelers account for
about 24.14 lakh and 4-wheelers for about 4.07 lakh. It is observed that currently, 604 vehicles are
registered at the RTO on a daily basis (481 two-wheelers and 97 cars, three autos, five goods vehicles
and 1 bus). In the past three years, 2-wheelers per 1000 population has increased from 260 to 280 while
during the same period, 4-wheeler per 1000 population has increased from 41 to 48. In terms of the
share of vehicles in the last 10 years, it is observed that the share of 2-wheelers is almost stable at
around 78% while that of 4-wheelers has increased from 10%‒18%, which is likely to have major
implications in terms of congestion.

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The city has a strong radial pattern supported by three layers of ring at the city level and a grid-iron
pattern at the local level. A total of 14 radials and three rings, out of which one ring is incomplete and
two are complete rings, form the major road network of the city. A majority of the vehicular load is
taken by the inner ring road which connects to all major radials, as a major destination in the inner-
city area. The middle ring forms a zigzag pattern with inconsistent road widths. The third ring which
is SH-168 creates a half ring connecting the western part of the city. All roads in the walled city are
congested due to high volumes of traffic and constrained widths varying from 12 m to 18 m. Within
the developed area, road density is high but observed road width is narrow.

Mofussil routes

Road Network pattern

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Regional Bus Network
City Bus Services
Population – 7 million (SMC)
Major Road Network – 664 km (SMC)
Public Transport (PT) Network - 376 km
Fleet size 5000
BRTS: 102 km |City bus: 274 km
Average Travel Speeds
2-wheeler 30 kmph
3-wheeler 25 kmph
PT 20 kmph
PT Network coverage - 87% (SMC)
Employment– 2.5 million (SMC)
Vehicles Registered – 2.9 million
Intermediate Public Transport Network
• 38000 registered autos
• 0.86 million trips
• 52 shared auto routes
Total Routes: 29
No of buses: 2000in operation +3000expected up to 2021(City bus service, Bus Rapid Transit Service,
High Mobility Corridor)
Headway: 8-20 Min
Carrying Capacity: Average 3lakh riders per day.
The average trip length by public transport is around 10.3 km
City Bus coverage is 73%
BRTS buses is 24 kmph, A high quality bus operation is also underway along the 12 km Inner Ring
Road, which will connect all the major radial and textile markets along the Ring Road. This corridor
is being envisaged for 24-hour service, with 2-3 minutes headway during the day and 30 minutes
during night.

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 Existing city bus routes (SITILINK)

Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS)

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Intermediate Public Transport (IPT) Modes
38,000 registered autos in the city
Average Speed of IPT (kmph) 22
Around 8.6 lakh trips are on these auto rickshaws.

Non-Motorised Transport (NMT) Surat is a compact city with high densities (380 pph), mix
land use and shorter trip lengths (5.07 km including walk in SMC). However, the NMT share is
showing a declining trend, from about 65% in 1988 to 43% in 2016. While the pedestrian share has
decreased to 41% from 45.4% in 1988, the bicycle share has drastically reduced to 2% from 19.2% in
1998.

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Existing PT System Scenario(Projected demand for horizon year)
Scenario Description PT network length Demand Assigned Public Transport
(km) (Person Trips) share (%)
(Bus + BRT) 564 km (Bus: 450 km, 29,39,466 22.50%
BRT:102km)
(Bus + BRT + Rapid 1265 km (Bus: 923km, 41,51,964 32.20%
Transit Corridors) BRT:102 km,
RTC:240km)
(Bus + BRT + Rapid 1231 km (Bus: 889km, 48,11,390 37.50%
Transit Corridors) BRT:102 km,
RTC:240km)
Existing -2016 Existing 30,24,097 11.6%*

Trip rate analysis:

Household survey data
The total household samples to be around 15,777 (1.12%) households for the city of Surat.
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Vehicle ownership data
With respect to vehicle ownership levels, around 85% of households own motorised vehicles. Surat is
also called a two-wheeler city. As per the household survey, on an average, each household owns at
least one two-wheeler; cycle and car ownership is comparatively much less. Vehicle ownership levels
are around 273 two-wheelers and 23 four-wheelers per 1000 population.

Expenditure on transport depicts affordability of the transport system in the city. The average
expenditure on transport is around 8% of the household income in the study area. From the survey, it
was observed that more than 90% of the households spend less than 15% of their income on transport,
which indicates a high level of affordability.

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Trip Rate
Trip rate is defined as the total number of trips made per capita per day.
The per capita trip rate (PCTR) for the study area (all modes) is 1.60.
The same excluding walk and shorter trips(<0.5km) is 0.6.
Per capita motorised trip rate is 0.93.

Mode share

Trip Purpose and Mode Share

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Cost of PT proposal

Indicators
1) No of buses per 1000 person =0.68 bus/passenger
2) No of passenger trips X Avg trip length =0.01 (Trip rate) X 7million X 10km=710Trips-
Km/day
3) Public transport trip rate = 0.01 trips per capita per day
4) Modal split 1:5
5) % Utilisation of fleet = (5000/7100) =0.7 approx.
6) Utilisation of fleet = 1800/5000 =0.36.
7) Operating Ratio = 2.87
8) Staff per Bus Ratio = 4
9) Load Factor= 57.56%
10) Benefit/Cost Ratio 0.55
11) Avg. Ridership = 874 passenger/day/km.
12) Potential of Development along Transit Corridor (FSI) 2.7
13) Trip-Rate Total =1.6
The average trip length = 5.01 km
1.6 X 5.01 X 7MILLION= 56800 trips-KM by all modes

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Other Indicators

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Improvement required:
1) Increase Bus network length, Fleet size.
2) Common fair collection system, reduced Headway
3) To ensure the last mile accessibility a feeder system adopting electric rickshaws or micro buses.
4) High mobility corridor proposed should be completed as soon as possible.(Dedicated lanes)
5) Transit points for change of mode should there.

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References
1. Ramani Kishan Dineshbhai et.al, “Ridership Scenario of BRT System: A Case of Surat City”,
JANUARY 2019
2. Sustainable Urban Transport Index, Surat Municipal Corporation, September, 2018.
3. Surat -2046 Comprehensive Mobility Plan, Technical Report, September,2018.

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