REPORT 7 : TYPES, ⚬ Chronic (long lasting,

CHARACTERISTICS, AND permanent condition)

IDENTIFICATION OF LEARNERS
WITH DIFFICULTY WALKING AND ⚬ Acute (condition of
MOVING limited duration but
nevertheless could
I. Learners with Difficulty Walking and produce severe
Moving debilitating
Handicapping Words and What to Use symptoms)
￭ Asthma
￭ ADD/ ADHD
￭ Diabetes
￭ Epilepsy
￭ Heart
Instead condition
PHYSICAL DISABILITY ￭ Neuromotor
• Difficulties that have to do with impairment
physical functioning MOBILITY IMPAIRMENTS
• A continuum wherein one end • Any difficulty which limits
includes children with minor functions of moving in any
motor problems, and at the other of the limbs or in fine
end, are children with very little motor abilities.
control over their physical
functioning. (Fox, 2003) • Can stem from a wide
range of causes and be
• Orthopedic impairments caused permanent, intermittent, or
by disease such as bone temporary.
tuberculosis, and impairments
from other causes such as • Example:
cerebral palsy, amputations,
⚬ Musculoskeletal
fractures or burns (Heward,
impairments
2017).
OTHER HEALTH IMPAIREMENTS ⚬ Partial or total
paralysis
• Conditions of having limited
strength, vitality, or alertness, ⚬ Amputation
which could limit one’s
⚬ Spinal injury
participation in education.
⚬ Arthritis
 ⚬ Muscular dystrophy Disability, and Neurological
Conditions
⚬ Multiple sclerosis

⚬ Cerebral palsy
1. EPILEPSY
⚬ Traumatic brain  Seizure disorders occur due to
injury abnormal electrical discharges in
the brain. These discharges
⚬ Additionally, cause a disturbance of
conditions such as movement, sensation, behavior,
respiratory and or consciousness.
cardiac diseases  It can occur at any stage of life
can impair mobility but is most likely to be developed
due to fatigue and during childhood.
reduced stamina.
Causes:
II. Typical and Atypical
Development of Gross Motor  Cerebral Palsy
Skills  Infections in the brain and
Central Nervous System
 Metabolic disorders
Typical development  Lesion due to scar tissue from
a head injury
 Generic progress of the child  High fever
compared to peers of the
 Interruption in the blood
same age.
supply to the brain
Atypical development  Shaken-baby Syndrome
 Occurs when the child Triggers:
appears to lag behind or is
 Fatigue
way ahead of same-age peers
in any of the different skills  Excitement
 Anger
Atypical development  Surprise
 Physical Development  Hyperventilation
 Social Development  Hormonal Changes
 Cognitive Development  Withdrawal from alcohol and
 Adaptive Life Skills drugs
Development  Exposure to certain patterns
of light, sound, or touch
Kinds of Epilepsy
III. Types and Causes of Health
Impairments, Physical  Generalized tonic-clonic
seizure or Grand Mal Seizure
 - Most common seizure.
Muscles become stiff, one
would lose consciousness
and fall to the floor. Involves
violent shaking of the body
while the muscles contract
and relax alternately.
 Absence Seizure or Petit Mal
- Less severe but happens
more frequently. Involves
brief loss of consciousness,
lasting from a few seconds to
half a minute or longer. Some
may stare blankly, flutter,
blink, grow pale, and drop
whatever one is holding, as if
daydreaming or not listening.
 Complex Partial Seizure or
Psychomotor Seizure
Shows brief periods of
purposeless activity such as
smacking lips, walking
aimlessly, or shouting.
2. ASTHMA
 A chronic lung disease.
 Symptoms include wheezing,
coughing, and difficulty in
breathing.
 During an attack, the airways are
narrow, and the resistance in the
airflow in and out of the lungs
increases.
Causes:
 Usually caused by allergens such
as pollen or foods, irritants such
as cigarette smoke, exercise, or
emotional stress.
Triggers:
 Fatigue
 Excitement
 Anger
 Surprise
 Hyperventilation
3. CEREBRAL PALSY
 A permanent disorder of
movement and posture
 Symptoms are
disturbances in voluntary
motor functions such as
paralysis, extreme
weakness, and lack of
coordination, involuntary
convulsions, and other
motor disorders.
Causes:
 Usually, it is a result of having a
- lesion in the brain or abnormality
in brain growth, as well as brain
diseases.
Triggers:
 Losing control over one’s legs,
arms, or speech
 Paralyzed limbs and muscles of
the body.
Types:
 Monoplegia - Affects one limb,
usually an arm
 Hemiplegia - Affects one side of
the body, including arm, leg, and
trunk
 Diplegia - Affects symmetrical of
the body, legs or arms
 Triplegia - Three limbs are
affected
 Quadriplegia - Affects all four
limbs
 Paraplegia - Only legs are
impaired
 Double Hemiplegia - Involves the
arms with less severe
involvement of the legs.
4. SPINA BIFIDA
 A neural tube defect which
refers to congenital
malformations of the brain,
spinal cord, or vertebrae.
 The vertebrae do not enclose
the spinal cord, making a
portion of the spinal cord and
nerves that are responsible
with controlling muscles and
feeling in the lower part of the
body fail to develop normally.
5. MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
 A group of inherited diseases
marked by progressive
wasting away of the body’s
muscles.
 Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy - most common
and severe type which affects
only boys and one-third of the
cases are due to genetic
mutation in families that have
no history of the disease.
 Symptoms are muscular
weaknesses which manifests
difficulty in running or climbing
the stairs; walking in unusual
gait; protruding stomach and
hollow back; and having calf
muscles that appear unusually
large because of fatty tissues
replacing degenerated
muscles
6. SPINAL CORD INJURIES
 Usually caused by lesions due to
penetrating injuries, stretching of
the vertebral column, fracture of
the vertebrae, or compression of
the spinal cord
 Causes might be motor vehicle
accidents, falls, acts of violence,
and sports
 Injured students or people usually
use wheelchairs for mobility.
IV. Classifications of Physical
Disabilities
A. Progressive Conditions that
Get Worse Over Time but
Can Fluctuate
B. Non-Progressive Conditions
that Remain Stable
C. Disabilities that Are Non-
Progressive but Can
Fluctuate
Physical Disability
 Physical disabilities that could
limit a person’s ability to walk and
move could include physiological,
functional, and/or mobility
impairments.
 These can be categorized
according to whether they are
fluctuating or intermittent, chronic,
progressive or stable, visible or
invisible.
 In terms of pain experienced,
some involve extreme pain, some
less, while some do not involve
pain at all.
A. Progressive Conditions that
Get Worse Over Time but Can
Fluctuate
1) MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS –  Duchenne muscular dystrophy is
NEUROLOGICAL
DETERIORATION
 “scar tissue in multiple areas.”
 It occurs when the myelin sheath
– protective tissue around nerve
fibers in the body – becomes
damaged, causing random
patches or scars. The scars can
interfere with messages sent
through the central nervous
system, affecting the brain, optic
nerves, and spinal cord.
 Myelin sheaths are sleeves of
fatty tissue that protect your
nerve cells.
 The symptoms of MS are very
varied but can include fatigue,
loss of motor control, tingling,
numbness, visual disturbances,
memory loss, depression, and
cognitive difficulties.
 In general, MS becomes more
severe over time. Some people
with MS won’t notice any
progression of symptoms. For
others, symptoms may become
severe.
2) MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY –
MUSCULAR DISORDER
 Muscular dystrophy is a group of
inherited diseases that damage
and weaken your muscles over
time. MD is caused by mutations
(alterations) in the genes
responsible for healthy muscle
structure and function.
 This damage and weakness is
due to the lack of a protein called
dystrophin, which is necessary for
normal muscle function.
the most common type;
symptoms normally start before a
child’s third birthday; they are
generally wheelchair-bound by 12
years and die of respiratory
failure by their early-to-mid-
twenties.
 Problems with walking,
swallowing, and muscle
coordination.
 Most individuals with muscular
dystrophy do lose the ability to
walk and eventually require a
wheelchair.
 There’s no known cure for
muscular dystrophy, but certain
treatments may help.
3) CHRONIC ARTHRITIS –
INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINT
 Arthritis is a general term for
inflammation (redness, warmth,
swelling, and pain) in joints.
 Rheumatoid arthritis is a type of
chronic (ongoing) arthritis that
occurs in joints on both sides of
the body (for instance, both
hands, wrists, and/or knees),
which helps distinguish it from
other types of arthritis.
 Autoimmune disorder; attacks the
lining of the joints (synovium).
 It can also affect the
cardiovascular or respiratory
systems.
 The pain and stiffness of
rheumatoid arthritis can develop
and worsen over several weeks
or a few months.
 RA is a chronic condition for
which there is currently no cure.
  However, treatment can slow
down the progression of the
disease. It can also help reduce
pain, make symptoms
manageable, and prevent joint
damage
B. Non-Progressive Conditions
that Remain Stable
1. CEREBRAL PALSY
NEUROLOGICAL CONDITION
 a group of disorders that
affect movement and muscle
tone or posture. It's caused
by damage that occurs to the
immature, developing brain,
most often before birth.
 “cerebral” means having to
do with the brain. The word
“palsy” means weakness or
problems with body
movement.
 Abnormal brain development
or injury to the developing
brain can cause CP.
 Premature birth, low birth
weight, being a twin or triplet,
breech birth (which occurs
when your baby’s buttocks or
feet come out first)
Types of Cerebral Palsy:
1. Spastic cerebral palsy - The
most common type of CP. It
causes stiff muscles and
exaggerated reflexes, making
it difficult to walk.
2. Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy -
People with dyskinetic CP
have trouble controlling their
body movements. The
disorder causes involuntary,
abnormal movements in the
arms, legs, and hands.
3. Hypotonic Cerebral Palsy –
Hypotonic CP causes
diminished muscle tone and
overly relaxed muscles. The
arms and legs move very
easily and appear floppy, like
a rag doll. Babies with this
type of CP have little control
– over their head and may have
trouble breathing.
2. SPINA BIFIDA – CONGENITAL
MALFORMATION OF THE
SPINAL CORD
 Spina bifida is a relatively
common birth defect. The words
literally mean "split spine" in
Latin.
 It occurs when the spine and
spinal cord don't form properly.
It's a type of neural tube defect.
 the neural tube is a group of cells
that form the brain and the spinal
cord of a baby.
 It is a failure of the spinal cord to
close.
Types of Spina Bifida:
1. Myelomeningocele - the
most serious type of spina
bifida. With this condition, a
sac of fluid comes through an
opening in the baby’s back.
Part of the spinal cord and
nerves are in this sac and are
damaged.
2. Meningocele - With
meningocele a sac of fluid
comes through an opening in
the baby’s back. But, the
 spinal cord is not in this sac.  Fibromyalgia causes widespread
There is usually little or no pain, fatigue, and other types of
nerve damage. This type of discomfort.
spina bifida can cause minor  pain in the muscles and bones
disabilities. (musculoskeletal pain)
3. Spina Bifida Occulta - the  Symptoms resemble those of
mildest type of spina bifida. It arthritis, but fibromyalgia affects
is sometimes called “hidden” the soft tissue, not the joints.
spina bifida. With it, there is a  In people with fibromyalgia, the
small gap in the spine, but no brain and nerves may
opening or sac on the back. misinterpret or overreact to
The spinal cord and the normal pain signals; dorsal root
nerves usually are normal. gangalion
 There is no cure, but
3. SPINAL CORD INJURY – medications, exercise,
NEUROLOGICAL DAMAGE acupuncture, and behavioral
RESULTING FROM TRAUMA therapy can help relieve
 an insult to the spinal cord symptoms and improve sleep
resulting in a change, either quality.
temporary or permanent, in the
cord’s normal motor, sensory, or 2. CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME-
autonomic function. CHRONIC FATIGUE CONDITION
 have permanent and often  Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
devastating neurologic deficits is a complicated disorder
and disability. characterized by extreme fatigue
 Symptoms of spinal cord injury that lasts for at least six months
depend on the severity of injury and that can't be fully explained
and its location on the spinal by an underlying medical
cord. condition. The fatigue worsens
 Symptoms may include partial or with physical or mental activity,
complete loss of sensory function but doesn't improve with rest.
or motor control of arms, legs  Some theories include viral
and/or body. infection, psychological stress, or
 It causes permanent changes in a combination of factors.
strength, sensation and other  It can affect anyone.
body functions below the site of
the injury.
V. ETIOLOGY OF MOBILITY
C. Disabilities that Are Non- IMPAIRMENT
Progressive but Can Fluctuate
ETIOLOGY
1. FIBROMYALGIA – CHRONIC PAIN  cause or set of causes of a
CONDITION disease or health condition.
CAUSES OF MOBILITY • Motor dysfunctions
 Conditions present at birth ⚬ Include walking,
 Illness or physical injury lack of muscle
 Limitations in stamina to paralysis coordination,
spasms, as well as
difficulty with
CAUSES OF MOBILITY speech
• Spinal cord damage • Neuromuscular disorders
• Amputation ⚬ Refer to a wide
range of cognitions,
⚬ One or more limbs
including muscular
are removed
dystrophy,mulitiple
because of trauma,
sclerosis, and
malignancies other
ataxia that lead to
conditions
degeneration and
• Arthritis atrophy of muscular
nerve tissues
⚬ There is an
inflammation of • Fibromyalgia
body’s joints, which
⚬ Condition of
causes pain,
rheumatism in “soft
swelling and
tissues” of muscles
difficulty with
that cause constant
mobility
muscular and
• Back disorder ligament pain

⚬ Difficulty on the
student to perform VI. CHARACTERISTICS OF
actions such as LEARNERS WITH DIFFICULTY
sitting, WALKING AND MOVING
standing,walking,
bending or carrying
objects, due to
degenerative disk
disease, scoliosis,
herniated disks
• Celebral palsy
• Have damage to the brain
that occurs before or
shortly after birth