Topic 2 What psychology says about self

Freud's Psychosexual theory

Freud's proposed many theories that explained the unconscious and mental
functions of the mind. And today we will talk about his psychoanalysis theory
when is focused on the complex reasoning process of human mind. He stressed
on socialization as the vital part of initial learning of individuals aging 5-6 years
old. His discussion on the 3 sub-system, id, ego and superego , explained how it
effects the character of man. Id (pleasure principles) is embedded in the biological
aspect of man. This the selfish part of man which exists during childhood the
wants. Thee ego ( balance between ego and superego) is the self and the core of a
unique personality. It recognizes the reality of existence to individuals. The super
ego ( conscience-driven) is the container of all the good morals injected to the
individuals that if not checked by the super ego, the person will become a
perfectionist.

Albert Bandura social cognitive Theory

The social cognitive theory is the key of Bandura's explanation of how we should
understand ourselves. It is based on the fifth basic assumptions. The First
Assumption that man is flexible to learn a variety of behaviors through the
reinforcement observed. The second assumption people have the capacity to
regulate their lives through the triadic reciprocal causation of behavioral,
environmental, and personal factor. People makes a transitory reactions that
evaluates and regulates their environment. The third assumption people have
the capacity to control their lives. They are the producer and product of the social
system. The fourth assumption individuals regulate their internal (judgement,
reaction, morals), and external ( physical growth and social influences) factors.
The fifth assumption is the redefining of behavior through moral assumptions if
one encounters an unfavorable vitiation.
Because Albert Bandura social cognitive Theory have five basic assumptions to
understand ourselves.
Williams James the self process of identification
James talked about the nature of self of which represents the emotional
identification of “Me”. One's characteristics is solely exclusive to a person, thus
the emotional identification extends to the parents, siblings , friends and even
losers. He emphasis that due to the ever changing nature of a human life, the self
changed with it too. And so, he came up with the concept that man is an ever
changing individuals, that today and yesterday the man is a totally different
version of himself or herself.

Carl Roger the real self and ideal self

Carl Rogers stated that the basic motive of man is to obtain self-actualization.
His level of humanness is based on the congruence of the individuals ideal self
and actual behavior. The real self is the persons original self while the ideal self is
what a man wanted to become.

Ronald W Winnlcott The True and False self

True self is the senses of self while False self is a defensive personality used as a
mask by individuals to survive in societal relations. False self is developed from
the failures encountered by individuals. This is to shield them of becoming
vulnerable to the many demands of life. Obtaining self-actualization is also
assuming the true self or authentic self.

The Proactive and Agentic Self

Human agency is mentioned by Bandura as the capability to influences over
one's functioning which is expounded in four cores. Intentionality is the forming
of intentions that include action plan and strategies. Forethought a future plan
made to guide the meaning of one's life. Self-reactiveness is the availability of
response that includes the self-management and motivation. Self-reflection of
the self-awareness of individuals that changes the course of his life pattern.

Individuals Vs Collective Self

Individuals is the philosophy of life that prioritize the needs of individuals their
goal achievement. Collection however is the exact opposite of the individuals,
where an individual always prefer to stay in group including its ideals. The cultural
belief of collection minimizers the goal attainment of every me in order to give
way to the norms of the group. It emphasizes the duty, order and tradition, and
the respect for the elderly. The countries with individuals culture are the
westerners while Asians tends to be in a collective culture.

Multiple Selves
An individuals is has many facades to show which the true self is hidden
somewhere deep in the core of individuals personal self. Shield by the ideal self.
Perceived self and Public self.