Falconiformes

The order Falconiformes (/fælˈkɒnɪˌfɔːrmiːz/) is represented by

the extant family Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a Falcons and caracaras

handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other Temporal range: Early Eocene –
bird of prey families Cathartidae (New World vultures and Holocene,
condors), Sagittariidae (secretarybird) Pandionidae (ospreys),
Accipitridae (hawks) were classified in Falconiformes. A variety
of comparative genome analysis published since 2008, however,
found that falcons are part of a clade of birds called Australaves,
which also includes seriemas, parrots and passerines.[1][2][3]
Within Australaves falcons are more closely related to the parrot-
passerine clade (Psittacopasserae), which together they form the
clade Eufalconimorphae.[4][2][3] The hawks and vultures occupy
a basal branch in the clade Afroaves in their own clade
Accipitrimorphae, closer to owls and woodpeckers.[1][2][3][5]
Peregrine falcon
See below cladogram of Telluraves relationships based on Braun
& Kimball (2021):[6] (Falco peregrinus)

Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Eufalconimorphae
Order: Falconiformes
Sharpe, 1874

Subtaxa

†Antarctoboenus
?†Parvulivenator
?†Stintonornis
†Masillaraptor
Falconidae

Telluraves
 
 
  Cathartiformes (New World vultures)

Accipitrimorphae
 

  Accipitriformes (hawks and relatives)

 
  
Strigiformes (owls)
 

Coraciimorphae
   
  Coliiformes (mouse birds)

 
  Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller)

  Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)

 

  Bucerotiformes (hornbills and

  relatives)
Cavitaves
 
 
 
Coraciiformes (kingfishers and
Picocoraciae  
    relatives)
Picodynastornithes
 

  Piciformes (woodpeckers and

  relatives)

  Cariamiformes (seriemas)
 

  Falconiformes (falcons)
 
Australaves
 

Eufalconimorphae
   
  Psittaciformes (parrots)
Psittacopasserae
 

 
  Passeriformes (passerines)

The fossil record of Falconiformes sensu stricto is poorly documented. The only stem-falcon that has
mostly complete remains is Masillaraptor parvunguis, while the other taxa Stintonornis mitchelli and
Parvulivenator watteli are known from fragmentary remains.[7] Mayr (2009) noted the similarity of
Masillaraptor to the seriemas. One study from Wang et al. (2012) using 30 nuclear loci from 28 taxa found
Falconidae and Cariamidae being sister taxa to each other.[8] This is, however, not been supported by the
latest major neoavian phylogenetic studies.[2][3][9][10][11][12][5]
References
1. Hackett, Shannon J.; Kimball, Rebecca T.; Reddy, Sushma; Bowie, Rauri C. K.; Braun,
Edward L.; Braun, Michael J.; Chojnowski, Jena L.; Cox, W. Andrew; et al. (2008). "A
Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History" (https://semanticscholar.or
g/paper/11530a5d8343ffd6d2366f48578915b3df5fb7da). Science. 320 (5884): 1763–68.
Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Sci...320.1763H).
doi:10.1126/science.1157704 (https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1157704).
PMID 18583609 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18583609). S2CID 6472805 (https://api.se
manticscholar.org/CorpusID:6472805).
2. Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life
of modern birds" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4405904). Science. 346
(6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014S
ci...346.1320J). doi:10.1126/science.1253451
(https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1253451). PMC 4405904 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
pmc/articles/PMC4405904). PMID 25504713 (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25504713).
3. Prum, Richard O.; Berv, Jacob S.; Dornberg, Alex; Field, Daniel J.; Townsend, Jeffrey P.;
Lemmon, Emily Moriarty; Lemmon, Alan R. (2015). "A comprehensive phylogeny of birds
(Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing". Nature. 526 (7574): 569–573.
Bibcode:2015Natur.526..569P (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.526..569P).
doi:10.1038/nature15697 (https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature15697). PMID 26444237 (https://
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parrots as the closest living relatives of passerine birds" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/a
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Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020). "An unbiased molecular approach using 3'UTRs resolves
the avian family-level tree of life" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7783168).
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10.3390%2Fbirds2010001). Birds. 2 (1): 1–22. doi:10.3390/birds2010001 (https://doi.org/10.
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73745-4_1 (https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-73745-4_1). ISBN 978-3-540-89627-2.
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the Passeriformes Using an Independent 30-Locus Data Set" (https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fm
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