Literature reviews

The purpose of this studdies was to learn more about the living experiences of street children and
adolescents. Semi-structured interviews with 16 purposefully selected homeless children and teens
(with age of 14 years) from Accra's Central Business District, the research were done using a
qualitative approach. Disorganized and shattered homes, following family members to the city, and
parental ambitions for freedom were identified as variables that push children to the street in a
thematic analysis. Regardless of the primary reasons for homelessness, participants' actions on the
street expose them to serious behavioural and health hazards, such as substance and alcohol abuse,
sexual harassment and rape, violence and violent-related behaviours, and public shame. These
findings highlight the importance of good community parenting. A programme focusing on parental
and proactive family reconciliation skills, as well as the development of supportive frameworks to
assist adolescents in obtaining medical and mental health care from providers.
Children in Africa, notably Nigeria, are used to living on the streets. Distressed, hungry, and unkept
children can be seen wandering the streets, looking for help from well-wishers and passers-by.
Poverty, cultural habits, and religious beliefs have all been blamed for these issues. The study's goal
was to figure out what sociodemographic characteristics contributed to youngsters living on the
streets. It also aims to determine the psychological effects of children living on the streets. The
researchers created two questionnaires to collect information from respondents. One hundred and
seven children (107) were questioned. According to the findings, male children account for 91.6
percent of all children, and children from an Islamic background account for 85.0 percent of all
children whose parents work in low-wage employment (72.0 percent ). A statistically significant
Street life and sociodemographic characteristics were found to have a strong association. Over four-
fifths of the children had experienced physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, with over a third of
them abusing alcohol or other substances. The study found that children on the streets are caused by
poverty, low family income, and large family sizes.

The nature of children on the street's relationship with society and the effects it has on them, such as
living conditions, basic necessities, people's behaviour, education, and harassment. Forty youngsters
on the street were chosen for interviews using the purposive and convenience sample techniques in
the neighbourhoods of Golra Shareef and Bari Imam in Islamabad. As a research technique, an
interview-based questionnaire was employed, and an analysis based on that questionnaire. The
findings show that poverty, unemployment, orphaned children, and disability are the top factors
driving children to the streets, leading to terrorism and other social ills. People see such youngsters
badly and regard them as a social burden. Children on the street are also physically abused by
police. It also emphasised that society's treatment of street children is not positive. The most
dangerous and scary place for physical and sexual abuse is on the street.
The circumstances that drive youngsters to the streets, as well as their encounters and experiences
as they try to cope with life on the streets. Both quantitative and qualitative data were employed in
the investigation. Quantitative data was obtained from 50 street children in eight Kumasi
neighbourhoods where they represent the majority. The study found that children who live on the
street use a variety of legal and unlawful survival tactics to deal with the obstacles of urban street
life. The study also found that children's struggle stems from a lack of and ineffective programmes
resulting from a low priority placed on issues connected to child welfare, rather than from
unpleasant experiences such as child abuse or neglect.
These violations of human rights are at the root of the country's inequity. Working directly with the
affected children and indirectly addressing the symptoms can help to solve the challenges that street
children confront over time. Promoting preventative services and programmes in the areas where
the children live can also aid in this process.
Unprepared parents, teenage pregnancy, broken homes or divorced,

REFERENCES
AMA [Accra Metropolitan Assembly] (2014). Census on street children in the Greater Accra
region. Accra: Author.

Imasiku, M. L., & Banda, S. (2015). Mental Health Problems of Street Children in Residential Care
in Zambia: Special Focus on Prediction of Psychiatric Conditions in Street Children. Journal of
Clinical Medicine and Research, 7, 1-6.
Nezar, I. T., & Abdulbahgi, A. (2015). Mental Illness among Children Working on the Streets
Compared with School Children in Duhok. Psychology, 6, 1421-1426.