Lab 01: Connection of Three-Phase-Motors

Direct operation of a three-phase-motor with a three-pole-switch

Wire the circuit on the exercise board

Lab 02: Connection of Three-Phase-Motor by contactor 1
1. Direct operation of a three-phase-motor with a contactor

The simplest way to operate the contactor coil is by a normal switch. The main contacts of the contactor
operate the motor and the contactor is operated by the switch. So you can operate motors with a higher
power rate by contactor.

Wire the circuit on the exercise board.

Lab 02: Connection of Three-Phase-Motor by contactor

 2. Direct operation of a three-phase-motor with a contractor, using the self holding circuit

This is the diagram of the self holding circuit in coherent representation and as installation diagram. Here are used
two push buttons to operate the contactor ( - S 1 off and – S2 on). S1 is connected always in front of S 2. This
grants always the correct function of the circuit. One normally open contact (NO) is connected in parallel to S2.
When S2 after operation goes back into open position the current can flow over this contact through the contactor
coil. So the contactor remains in operated position.
• Draw the current flow diagram of the control circuit in decomposed (detached) representation.
Control circuit
• Draw the wiring diagram on the work paper and wire the circuit on the exercise board.

Extend the existing current flow diagram by pilot lamps to indicate states of operation:
▪ Green, motor running
▪ Yellow, system ready to operate
▪ Red, emergency switch-off

Lab 02: Connection of Three-Phase-Motor by contactor

Control circuit
Lab 03: Change Over Direction (Start – Stop - Reverse)
Start – Stop – Reverse

Many times it is required that three-phase-motors have to run in right or left turn. For this purpose you
need a circuit which provides the change of two outer conductors. This cause the change between right
or left turn. The other point is that it is impossible to operate the two contactors at the same time. This
means you need an interlock to prevent this.

K1 right turn
K2 left turn
F1 … F3 cable and short circuit protection
F4 motor protection

Lab 03: Change Over Direction (Start – Stop -

Reverse)
Control circuit
 It is possible to switch over directly
From right turn to left turn (and vice versa).
By two measures is prevented that both Contactors
are operated at the same time (short circuit):
1. Interlock by push buttons
By using of the double push buttons S2 and S3.
One contactor will be switched off by operating the
other one.
2. Interlock by contactors
One contactor (- K1) operates the circuit for left
turn and interlocks the other circuit (for right turn)
by a NC - contact of this contactor.

Exercise 04: Start Sequence of Two Motors (2)

Control
Extend the current flow diagram of exercise 1 by pilot lamps as follows:
• - H 5 (green), motor M1 is running, - H 6 (green), motor M2 is running
• - H 7 (yellow), system ready to operate
• - H 8 (red), emergency-off
Exercise 05: Star – Delta – Start circuit

The principle of the Star – Delta circuit

From a certain rated power three-phase motors must be started with a circuit for the limitation of the star
current. The start current can be up to 10 times higher than the rated current. The star – Delta circuit is
possible, if the motor is designed for two voltages. 380 V / 400V in delta connection and 680 V / 700V
in star connection.
 1 2 3
1. At the terminal box it is possible to connect the star- or the delta bridge.
2. At the switch-on is connected the star bridge. The phase coils are now supplied with a reduced voltage
by the factor 1/ sqrt(3). You can look at the connection as there are connected two windings in series
between two phases. This will reduce the current.
3. After the motor has reached its rated number of revolution the connection will be switched over to the
delta connection. Now all windings are connected to the full line voltage. Only one coil between two
phases. The motor is running with its rated current.

What is shown here with switch able bridges can be done by using contactors? In this case the Terminals
of the terminal box are guided outside to the contactors. The contactors take now the function of the
star- or delta bridge. This is visible in its the power circuit.

Exercise 05: Star – Delta – Start circuit

Power circuit
How to control the contactors?
Important is, that the delta – contactor (K2)
doesn't operate before the motor has reached its rated
number of revolution. Similar to the circuit of
start – stop –reverse you need an interlock and an
automatized switch over to the delta –
connection. This will be done by a timer and a
NC – terminal and a NO terminal ofK3. You need also
an interlock for the Y – contactor (K3). K1 is the
main power contactor.Add by hand three pilot lamps
in the current flow diagram.• H 7 for star-contactor• H
5 for delta-contactor• H 8 for emergency switch-off.

Control circuit
Exercise 06: Reversal of Poles for Different Numbers of Revolution
Contactor circuit for a reverse of poles (Dahlander Circuit)
For asynchronous motors the number of revolutions is determined by the number of poles. A change in
the number of revolutions therefore is always a reverse of poles. There are two different types:
1. Motors with two separate windings with different number of poles,
2. Motors with switch-able change of windings (Dahlander Circuit).
Here we like to wire a contactor circuit for a Dahlander Circuit (number of revolution 1:2).
 low number of revolution Δ

High number of revolution YY

Exercise 06: Reversal of Poles for Different Numbers of Revolution

Control circuit
The contactor K2 is interlocked by K1 and K3.
It can be operated again by S3 if K1 and K3
are switched off. High number of revolution in use