Југославија во втората светска војна

Почетокот на војната и окупација на Југославија

On 6 April 1941 the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was invaded operacija 25 from all sides — by Germany,
Italy, and their ally Hungary. Belgrade was bombed by the German air force (Luftwaffe). The war,
known in the post-Yugoslavia states as the April War, lasted little more than ten days, ending with
the unconditional surrender of the Royal Yugoslav Army on 17 April.
Germany annexed northern Slovenia, while retaining direct occupation over a rump Serbian state.
Germany also exercised considerable influence over the Independent State of Croatia (NDH)
proclaimed on 10 April, which extended over much of today's Croatia and contained all of
modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite the fact that the Treaties of Rome concluded between the
NDH and Italy on 18 May envisioned the NDH becoming an effective protectorate of Italy.
[36]
 Mussolini's Italy gained the remainder of Slovenia, Kosovo, coastal and inland areas of
the Croatian Littoral and large chunks of the coastal Dalmatia region (along with nearly all of
the Adriatic islands and the Bay of Kotor). It also gained control over the Italian governorate of
Montenegro, and was granted the kingship in the Independent State of Croatia, though wielding little
real power within it; although it did (alongside Germany) maintain a de facto zone of influence within
the borders of the NDH. Hungary dispatched the Hungarian Third Army to occupy Vojvodina in
northern Serbia, and later forcibly annexed sections of Baranja, Bačka, Međimurje, and Prekmurje.[37]
The Bulgarian army moved in on 19 April 1941, occupying nearly all of modern-day North
Macedonia and some districts of eastern Serbia which, with Greek western Thrace and eastern
Macedonia (the Aegean Province), were annexed by Bulgaria on 14 May.

When the Yugoslav Army officially surrendered to the Axis forces on 18 April 1941, Royal Yugoslav
Army Colonel Draža Mihailović immediately began to organize a resistance to the occupying force in
the mountains of Serbia and Eastern Bosnia. Mihailović was made General of this new guerrilla
version of the army and Minister for War by King Peter II and his Yugoslavian government in exile in
Britain. Though Mihailović tried to insist that the guerrilla forces under his command, and numbering
up to 100,000 active soldiers, continue to be referred to as the "Royal Yugoslav Army", American
and British intelligence and media reportage consistently referred to them as "Chetniks". This led to
confusion, since both quisling Yugoslav guerrilla forces under General Milan Nedić and Royalist
guerrilla forces not under Mihailović's command were also referred to as "Chetniks". Once the
Soviets fully entered the war on the side of the Allies on 22 June of 1941, the Yugoslav
Partisans under Josip Tito also began to fight the Axis powers, and from then on there was
continuous resistance to the occupying armies in Yugoslavia until the end of the war. While in the
beginning both Yugoslav Partisans and the Chetniks engaged in resistance, the Partisans became
the main resistance force after, following Churchill's lead, at the Tehran Conference in 28 November
—1 December 1943, British and American governments withdrew all allegiance and support from
Mihailović's Royal Yugoslav Army Chetniks, and gave all further assistance to the Communist
Partisan's who waged a continuous civil war against Mihailović's forces.

Воените операции во Југославија (1941-1943)

The Yugoslav Partisans,[note 1][11] or the National Liberation Army,[note 2] officially the National

Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia,[note 3][12] was the Communist-led Anti-
fascist resistance to the Axis powers (chiefly Germany) in occupied Yugoslavia during World War II.
Led by Josip Broz Tito,[13] the Partisans are considered to be Europe's most effective anti-
Axis resistance movement during World War II.[14][15][16]
Primarily a guerilla force at its inception, the Partisans developed into a large fighting force engaging
in conventional warfare later in the war, numbering around 650,000 in late 1944 and organized in
four field armies and 52 divisions. The main stated objectives of the Partisans were the liberation of
Yugoslav lands from occupying forces and the creation of a federal, multi-ethnic communist state in
Yugoslavia
The Communist Party of Yugoslavia formally decided to launch an armed uprising on 4 July, a date
which was later marked as Fighter's Day – a public holiday in the SFR Yugoslavia. Прват
востаничка акција против окупаторите се случила Во Србија кога Žikica Jovanović Španac shot
the first bullet of the campaign on 7 July in the Bela Crkva incident.

Occupying and quisling forces, however, were quite aware of the Partisan threat, and attempted to
destroy the resistance in what Yugoslav historiographers defined as seven major enemy offensives.
These are:

 The First Enemy Offensive, the attack conducted by the Axis in autumn of 1941 against the
"Republic of Užice" (28 juli do 1 dekemvri 1941), a liberated territory the Partisans established in
western Serbia. In November 1941, German troops attacked and reoccupied this territory, with
the majority of Partisan forces escaping towards Bosnia.[55] It was during this offensive that
tenuous collaboration between the Partisans and the royalist Chetnik movement broke down
and turned into open hostility.[56]
 The Second Enemy Offensive, the coordinated Axis attack conducted in January 1942 against
Partisan forces in eastern Bosnia. The Partisan troops once again avoided encirclement and
were forced to retreat over Igman mountain near Sarajevo.[57]
 The Third Enemy Offensive, an offensive against Partisan forces in eastern
Bosnia, Montenegro, Sandžak and Herzegovina which took place in the spring of 1942. It was
known as Operation TRIO by the Germans, and again ended with a timely Partisan escape.
[58]
 This attack is mistakenly identified by some sources as the Battle of Kozara, which took place
in the summer of 1942.[citation needed]
 The Fourth Enemy Offensive, against "Republic of Bihać", also known as the Battle of the
Neretva or Fall Weiss (Case White), a conflict spanning the area between western Bosnia and
northern Herzegovina, and culminating in the Partisan retreat over the Neretva river. It took
place from January to April 1943.[59]
 The Fifth Enemy Offensive, also known as the Battle of the Sutjeska or Fall Schwarz (Case
Black). The operation immediately followed the Fourth Offensive and included a complete
encirclement of Partisan forces in southeastern Bosnia and northern Montenegro in May and
June 1943.[citation needed]
 The Sixth Enemy Offensive, a series of operations undertaken by the Wehrmacht and
the Ustaše after the capitulation of Italy in an attempt to secure the Adriatic coast. It took place in
late 1943 and early 1944.
 The Seventh Enemy Offensive (25-27maj) десантот на Дрвар, the final attack in western
Bosnia in the second quarter of 1944, which included Operation Rösselsprung (Knight's Leap),
an unsuccessful attempt to eliminate Tito and annihilate the leadership of the Partisan
movement
 On 20 October 1944, the Red Army and the Partisans liberated Belgrade in a joint operation
known as the Belgrade Offensive. At the onset of winter, the Partisans effectively controlled
the entire eastern half of Yugoslavia – Serbia, Vardar Macedonia and Montenegro, as well
as the Dalmatian coast.[citation needed]
  In 1945, the Partisans, numbering over 800,000 strong [27] defeated the Armed Forces of the
Independent State of Croatia and the Wehrmacht, achieving a hard-fought breakthrough in
the Syrmian front in late winter, taking Sarajevo in early April, and the rest of the NDH and
Slovenia through mid-May. After taking Rijeka and Istria, which were part of Italy before the
war, they beat the Allies to Trieste by two days.[68] The "last battle of World War II in Europe",
the Battle of Poljana, was fought between the Partisans and
retreating Wehrmacht and quisling forces at Poljana, near Prevalje in Carinthia, on 14–15
May 1945

Сојузничките мисии и второто заседание на Авној

In September 1943, at Churchill's request, Brigadier General Fitzroy

Maclean was parachuted to Tito's headquarters near Drvar to serve as a permanent,
formal liaison to the Partisans. While the Chetniks were still occasionally supplied, the
Partisans received the bulk of all future support.[62]
When the AVNOJ (26 ноември 1942) (the Partisan wartime council in Yugoslavia) was
eventually recognized by the Allies, by late 1943, the official recognition of the
Partisan Democratic Federal Yugoslavia soon followed. The National Liberation Army of
Yugoslavia was recognized by the major Allied powers at the Tehran Conference, when
United States agreed to the position of other Allied.[63] The newly recognized Yugoslav
government, headed by Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito, was a joint body formed of
AVNOJ members and the members of the former government-in-exile in London. The
resolution of a fundamental question, whether the new state remained a monarchy or was
to be a republic, was postponed until the end of the war, as was the status of King Peter
II.

The Second Session of the AVNOJ lasted from 21 to 29 November 1943 (right before and during
the Tehran Conference), and came to a number of significant conclusions. The most significant of
these was the establishment of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia, a state that would be
a federation of six equal South Slavic republics

Формирање на новаЈугославија

тhe Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Serbo-

Croatian: Privremena vlada Demokratske Federativne Jugoslavije / Привремена влада
Демократске Федеративне Југославије) was the state's temporary national government formed
through the merger of the Yugoslav government-in-exile and the National Committee for the
Liberation of Yugoslavia (NKOJ). It existed from 7 March to 11 November 1945

The first Yugoslav post-World War II elections were set for 11 November 1945. By this time the
coalition of parties backing the Partisans, the People's Liberation Front (Jedinstveni
narodnooslobodilački front, JNOF), had been renamed into the People's Front (Narodni front, NOF).
The People's Front was primarily led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ), and represented
by Josip Broz Tito. The election results of 11 November 1945 were decisively in favor of the former,
with an average of 85% of voters of each federated state casting their ballot for the People's Front.
[14]
 On 29 November 1945, the second anniversary of the Second Session of the AVNOJ, the
Constituent Assembly of Yugoslavia formally abolished the monarchy and declared the state a
republic. The country's official name became the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPR
Yugoslavia, FPRY), and the six federated states became "People's Republics"[19][27] Yugoslavia
became a one-party state