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    Mat

    Uploaded by

    Flint Zaki Flores

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 55
    Orver of OperaTiONs thematical expressions contain than one operation. An expression like 12 + 3+ 6 ry en computed In two ways, but only one way is correc, ty a) 1243+6=12 + 18= 20 Multiply 3 and 6, then add 12. More often, ma b) 124346 =15+6=90 Add 12 and 3 first, then multiply the sum by ¢ Both have unique value, however, the first oi correct because you have an order of operation to fog, *— First, do all multiplication and division from left Orig, Next, do all addition and subtraction from left to right, However, order of operations can be changed us grouping symbols such as parentheses ( ), brackets [).* braces { }. pang - a) 5+(8+3)=29 Multiply 8 and 3 and add 5 to the product. b) (5+8)+3=39 Add Sand 8, then multiply the sum by 3. Both of them are correct. If i impli q . If groupings are involved, simplify first the a the grouping symbols, 7 an eens ely Example [p+ 4 +58 +2) - 10) | = [8 +4+5(5) — 10] = [2+ 25-10] = 27-10 =17 Examples {6[12 +6 + (8 - 15) +4] — 16} = {6[12 +6-7+4] - 16} = {6(2 ~ 3) — 16} = 6(-1) ~ 16 76-16 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Here are the steps in performing operations Involving groupings: 4° Bo all operations with grouping s¥fbol first; start with theinnermost grouping eymibols. on wo eo Next, do alt mul Kontanis wlio roupings. «Then, do all addition and subtraction from left to right with the groupings, Read and answer the following: 1. When evaluating the expression 5 + 4 « 2, what do you do first? 2. Name the three types of grouping symbols, 3, How do you evaluate expressions with groupings? 4, Explain how to evaluate each expression. a) (16—4)+2 b) 8+6+(2+1) Q 9-3 Evaluate each expression. 1 4476248 6. 288 + [39 +3) 2. 30-2(9-5) 7. {4[6 - 2(3 +5)] - 3} 3. 16+2+5+3+6 8 2-S{(-10) + (-5) +2 - 35] 4 124441042 9, 3{-5+6[1+(3+5) +3] — . 5(3+6)—-18+2 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Cross Number Puzzle —i a VN Sa Across 1, 7(45 + -16) — (-82) 1, 8143 4, (-105 + 35 + ~6)(~9) 3, 9(3) + (30-3) 7. 7+7(6) 5, -5(125 + -25) + 100 ~ (-1) 11, -2+4-(-5) - (-9) 10, -15 + -3 ~ (~8) ~ 4(-28) + (-19 13, 494-7 1. (144 + 12) + 12(60 + 5) ~ (314) 17, 2{7(63 + 7) + 120] - 152 13, (120+ 3) +25 — (~53)) 4 21, -100-+ (-4) + 3(20) 7, 8442-14 23, 4(7) + 6(-4) 18. [-200 + (-20)) +5 CRITICAL THINKING Fill in the missing numbers, Hint: The number of sides ofthe geometric shapes has something to do with the anzwe + heed=A\ ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Real-life Application Mrs, Paron went toa, grocery store and bought the weer’ listed below. She paid P1,420.55 forall the hoe — compare bi ; a kilos of rice d) 1 hilo of carrot order rational 1 = kilo of chicken 1 yi numbers ! it ie find a number ; between two 1 rational numbers | Q 4 kilo of sugar How many kilos of grocery items did she bu/? In your everyday life, you encounter diff , ferent Kinds of numbers, like fractions, decimals, and integers which in general are called rational numbers, Rational numbers Similar fractions ¥-_pissimilar fractions t I 1 1 1 b Whole numbers and integers can be expressed as factions. 02 69 wep 33" Rational number: ‘The three dots on both ends indicate that the rational number can be extended in both directions and that between these rational numbers, there exist other rational .d to illustrate rational numbers. numbers. The number line can be use 0 1 8 3-5 22 -Id 4 3 3 2 3 3 Given any two rational numbers, th these two numbers. ere alwaysexists another rational number between A vege. 8 1 ee 8 4 ‘Scanned with CamScanner red ang 3 In the given number line the coordinates of points A and 8 Bar eae 4 a tespecy, s Is and the point midway between these two has a coordinate of 5 hd POIMEC. Bety, mber C and 8 there exists D whose coordinate is another rational ons, EXGHPTED — Express the following rational numbers 2% ms ie a6 at g -08 5 6 12 3B Solutions: a) 6=T==5 b) 9 2 d) 75%=0.75= ‘These rational numbers can beerprese indifferent ways. The fractions 72, BY s | ed equivalent fractions since 2, and 75 35 wipen reduced to lowest terms eau! are called eq Exanple2 Find the aie faction of: 16 27 48 4) 50 o) gs 4 2 Solutions: Youcanfind the equivalent fraction by reducing it to the lowest tery =2 Fraction is a part of a whole. One fraction can be greater or less than the other, ; 2,,3 Example3 Which s greater, $or 32 Solution: Mlustrate Band 2 ‘as part of a whole, 2 From uM figure, vous a ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 3.42 aking 2 and 5 similar fractions, yo snaking 5 43 You have to find the Least Common Denominator con Tre Ue Dis 12. 2_3 and 3 4 2 yg ae equivalent rations, sos dana 3 12° = 8 and 35 are ea fractions. 2 To compare 7> Sand 3 you compare the numerator: poeoecatha > SoS 32 324 Find the product of and. Since 33 is greater than 32, therefore, + Exaiipl@§ Compare the rea sn aeons ‘Scanned with CamScanner Solutions: a) -2(7) 2. 5-3) 14> ~15 Therefore, b) 2(6) 2403) 12=12 Therefore, 5 Fractions can be arranged in descending or ascending order. Example Arrange the fractions in ascending order. 7 36 173 ~s-3 8'8'8' 8 8 Solution: Since the fractions are similar fractions, just compare and arran, the numerator. The numerator with the smallest value is the smalles fraction, -5 -3137 8 '8 88's Examplé7, arrange the fractions in descending order. 2351-4 3'5'6'2'5 Solution: The fractions are not similar fractions. in this case, change them t similar fractions by finding the LCD. The LCD is 30. 2_20 ~4_-24 30 "S30 Arrange the numerator from 25, 20, 18, 15, -24, The fractions that are arranged in descending order are: 25 20 18 15 -24 5231-4 30°30'30'30"" 30 6'3'5'2 5 the biggest value to the lowest valu Read and answer, — 1. Define and give examples of rational numbers, ‘Scanned with CamSeanner inthe dentin of rational number F, q cannot be zero, Why? : po sb then a , or =, | e ee = —F PF me IR 5 at 2 — ii 30m 7 5 4 & = 5 87 — a 8 =25 —>5 — 2 -17 5. & 8 Boo it D. Applications, Which is better to buy? 1. Ahalf kilo of lanzones for P40.00 or a Filo for P60,00? 2. Ahalf dozen of orange for P60,00 or a dozen for P108,007 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner ING cau TH one ‘eainsports WD, ofthe POP both padminton le played golf, 2 played badminton, and 4 played and golf. What part of the people played nelther golf nor badminton? A In the previous lesson, rational number Is defined as -, where q = 0. However, rational number can also be popress fractions | defined in another way: 4 To decimals Express decimals to fractions Express nonterminating decimals to Example Solution: action Decimals V- Similar fractions VY Terminating decimal V Repeating nonterminating decimal Exanple2) Express ¢ as decimal. on: 40 at 40 3, 40 Rational number js a number represented by either terminating or repeating nonterminating decimal. express 22s decimal. Divide numerator by denominator. 0.75, In the division process, it shows that = is equal to 0.75, which is terminating decimal. In the division process, it is shown that there cannot be a zero remainder. The quotient is repeating, nonterminating decimal. The fraction — Is equal to 0.444, A bar (vinculum) is used over the digit or block of digits that repeats. The digit or block of digits that repeats Is called repetend. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner ERP — express $asdecimal, Solution: rey The decimal equivalent of 4. , 33 * Ory 33) 00 which is repeating, nonterminags, cena a3 a 0 Continue dividing until the remainder vega 66 torepeat. 40 33 2 ' ans88, e Example 4 Express 22 as decimal, Solution: 3.142857 )32:000000 2, a2 The decimal equivalent of 2 is 3.74285, 255 Thismeans that 142857 isthe fopetend 7 30 287s 20 The remainder + begins to repeat. 56 40 35 50, 49 10 If fractions can be changed to decimal, then decimal can also be changed to fractions, A terminating decimal can be changed toa fraction by Example changeo.75to fraction, Solution: Y writing the way itis being read, 75 0.75 is read as 75 hundredths or ioo" Therefore, 0.75 = 25. 5 , “= 300 Reduce Joo '© lowest term by dividing the 3 numerator and denominator by its greatest wees \ctor, which is 25, cd ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Change 1.125 to fraction, 41.125 Is read as 1. and one hundred twenty-five thousandths. reduce 125 to lowest term by dividing the numerator and denominator by the common factor, which is 125. repeating dec Express 0.444 as fraction. solution: Since decimal repeats every one digit, multiply both sides by 10, Subtract equation 1 from equation 2. Solve for x by dividing both sides of the equation by 9. Therefore, 0.444 is equal to 4 Express 0.1414 as fraction. Solution: 1) Letx= 0.1414. 2) 100x=14.14 Multiply equation by 100 since the decimal toox=14.14 repeats every two digits. Subtract equation 1 from equation 2. Solve for x. 14 T aid = 22. herefore, 0.1414 = gy Express 0.123 as a fraction. 1) Letx=0.123. 2), 1000x = 123.123 Multiply the equation by 1000 since ~ yo00x=123,123. the decimal repeats every 3 digits. Subtract Ot 0123 equation 1 from equation 2. Solve for x 999x=123 Reduce to lowest term. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Read and answer, 1. What are the different types of decimals? Give examples, 2. How do you change fractions to decimals and vice versa? A. Reduce the fraction to lowest term and change to decimal, 14 16 20 1, 0 3, a 5. € 22 18 2 16 “oF 8. Change to fraction and reduce to lowest term, os 1. 0.85 3. 0.142 5. 2.425 2. 7.82 4, 0.888 A. Express the following as either terminating or fepeating nonterminatin, 4 2 1B decimal, 4, 38 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 16 38 2 50 mal to fraction, Reduce the answer to lowest term. i = 6, 0.4282 = 2, 0 = ’ 0512 3, 0: . 0.777 Parr . 5.3636 2 , change each dec! 5. CRITICAL THINKING qortaglia’s Riddle if half of five were three, w! (um OPERATIONS OF RATIONAL NUMBERS Rules on operations of integers hold for operations of fractions and decimals. (111A) ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF FRACTIONS ‘The kind of fractions to be added or to be subtracted Learning Objectives. must be considered. Add two or nore fractions Similar fractions are fractions with. the same Subtract fractions ‘deflominatgh®. << | - 1 ! simplify | a b expressions 1 Dissimilar fractions or Unlike, cua | § fractions with different denominators. e 1 7 ty 1 I 2 swe 6 a that contain } jixéd numbers /@ré numbers containing rational number Solve problems integer and fraction. Fractions are similar. To add these kind of fractions, simply add their numerators and copy the denominator. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Solution: Apply the rule of adding integers Subtract the numerators since the similar fractions. Solution: Apply the rule in subtracting sign, 55 numbers. 1247 5 Bo Fe Reduce to lowest term or express t fraction as mixed number. Based on the examples above, ie addition and subtraction of fractions can | summarized as: id.c ar ”? es \ ft. wa $ If the fractions to be added are unlike fractions, you have to rename them in such, way that the fractions will become similar. To make the fractions similar, you have to fin the least common denominator (LCD). LCD is the least or smallest denominator that cz be divided by the given denominators without remainder. 6.4 Examplet 35 +55 Solution: The 7. {s 30, Find the equivalent fraction whose denominator is 32. thus, & = 18 ang 4 = hus, Hand 4 = 8 10. 30" ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Add the numerators. Reduce to lowest term. Rename the mixed numbers. ‘Apply APA. Rename into similar fraction. ‘simplify improper fraction. arid 12 1 7+1)t+— ( +a Rename the mixed number. ‘Apply APA: Change to similar fractions. | Find the LCD. simplify Reduce to lowest term. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Read and answer. 1, How do you add or subtract similar fractions? yct unlike fractions? 2. _Howdo you add or subtra 3. Describe how you could use CPA ‘and APA to find the sum mentally. walyotg224 _34 atest ea" 3 ‘A. Find the LCD of each pair of fractions. at Ely 1 $4 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner ‘A. Find each sum or difference. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner ag) 22 = 4+5=—3= 10. 3 3: ‘Scanned with CamSeanner p. Have fun with art by adding the fractions. Solve the problems. Rename the answers to the lowest terms. greater than O and less than or equal to + greater than + and less than or equal to 1 greater than 1 ‘orange red yellow ‘Scanned with CamSeanner C. Have fun with art by subtracting the fractions. ys Chi | Qe Ws<5/ Wesel F orless red greater than + blue CRITICAL THINKING Application: On Monday, stock in E & J Corporation rose by at points. The day the stock dropped by 1-2 points. What is the net change i price of the E & J stock? ‘Scanned with CamScanner ; Cathy can type one page of a book in = of an hour. In ow many hours will it take her to type 10 pages? ; ily fractions vs ulti You can use repeated addition to solve this problem. ine the eo ness ‘ alofa $42424252,2,21212 2 20 ~ iven fraction eee ee 373 t3tgtgg | bie fractions lowever, repeated addition is simply multiplication. Hen i ene \ce, YOU can use multiplication to solve the problem. y Reciprocal Multiplicative » aa “Ifa, b, cand dare integers then— (Jeses----= aie. Multiply both numerators and . $ a multiply'both denominators. Rules in Multiplying Fractions ‘Mia and bare integers, then the reciprocal— - 7 The longest typing | bbe t of 2 is { morathon on a manual | bo (typewriter was 123) g reciprocal or multiplicative { ‘hours. 1 inverse is always equal to 1. Anumber multiplied by fs {oue-------4 Exaviple1 Find the product of and 3. Solution: Multiply both numerators and both denominators. Reduce to lowest term. Exainglé2 Whats the product of aZand ® aod tted: Change the mixed number to improper a7 87 fraction. 28 Multiply both numerators and both denominators. “156 Reduce to lowest term. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner baby dresses- If one baby q, cases tar J Consider tis Prople™ ee er made int? 44 tt be pplication: pay oma bY a ges C2" 3 ris probiem calls 07 division. ( are chanee mines numer 10 jimpropier Frection, + reciprocal OF the divisor and change ‘ rom aivision £9 multiplication. o a di rules in multiplying fraction. Example! rind the quotient solution: Get the reciproc® rocal Bee dior ] 5 1 be5-5°5 Multiply: j ae 30 Reduce to lowest term. rig ber to improper fraction 1 Solution: 6 Change mixed num! 13 oie re th Take the reciprocal of the divisor and cha ye operation. ee ee Tt Multiply. secon 2 > =-26 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner ead and answer i explain in your own words how to multiply fractions. . ae c £ negative? a . under what condition 185° G equal to 1? ihe 1 Ook ae ee synonym of each term. , Give the s} additive inverse a) tion inver pb) multiplic co) sum Perform the indicated operations: 1 3a 3 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner A, Find the product or quotient, SB) « Bee BER GRE + ™ 3 “ening 4 7 4 =e! 7? greater than Oand less than 2 greater than 1 and less than 4 orange greater than 4 brown Finish the design by coloring th ye other shapes with the colors ‘of your choice. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner greater than O and less than + greater than 4 and less than 1 greater than 1 Finish the design by coloring the other shapes with the colors of your choice. . 4 over baked was 2132 ft and 2} inches irthis loaf of bread were cut Into half-inch slices, how many slices of bread would there have been? __pasketbal: According to NBA standards, basketball should bounce back 3 of the aistance from which It Is dropped, How high should a basketball bounce when it is dropped from a helght of 8 yards? (ane) ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF DECIMALS ife Application - Ina grocery store, | bought the following items: a can stte the rules of sardines for P15.35, a bar of soap for 37.50, a bottle inadding or”! of julce for #12,00, and a pack of candies for #50.65. How much will | pay the cashler? If gave the cashier a P500-bil, how much is my change? The operations needed to solve this problem are addition and subtraction, To find the total amount to be paid to the cashier, you have to add the price of each item. Sardines 15.35 ca al Soap 37.50 na Juice 12.00 7. Subtrahend Difference Canty 115.50 ‘The amount to be paid to the cashler Is P 115.50. How much is the change If | tender 500.00 to the cashler? 500.00 115.50 ‘384.50 The change is ®384.50. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner ‘This example shows that: Sein the answer, ‘Add 4.56, 25.05, 125.128, and 0.85. Solution: Arrange the numbers in column. ri @6c0 ne a505 _Thedecimalpoints 25,050 is a num, 15125 afeinone column. 125,125 3 decimay 0.85 0.850 make ali the ahi Sree ‘eccas addends x 155.585 155.585 Spun we 2 at Example 2 ‘Subtract 7.65 from 11.4. Places. ny Solution: You can write 11.4.s 11.40 since the subtrahend has 2 decimal, Plage, : 2 Align the decimal points. 3.75 Examplé3 subtract 185.672 from the sum of 25.46 and 87.721. Solution: 25.460 + 7721 ‘Fist, find the sum, 113.181 113.181 Subtract 185.672 from the sum. Apply the , 185.672 for subtraction. The difference is negative sc 72,491 Subtrahend is larger than the minuend, = | Read and answer, 1. How do you add or: subtract decimal numbers? ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 5,60? Why? your answer, yo? Justify b) 1.50 > 1.5 150615 ch Us t 15> 1.50 ae perfor the indicated operations: wy 185+ 6.76 + 3.572 A. 125 — 14.65 + 90.25 2 50+ g.70+ 0,875 + 16 5, (165.30 — 25.75) + (45.87 — 6.753) 3, 0+35+ 763) — 85:76 ‘A. Find the sum. 3, 2075+ 6.073 + 0,258 + 14+ 2.0 1, 0.86 + 1,65 + 12.7 + 141 + 35 4, 4425+ 0.412 + 18 + 0.18 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 5. 478.8 + 67.93 + 4.076 + 0.008 8, 580.2 + 58.02 + 5.809 i yi 6. 125.2 + 675.03 + 8.75 + 0.875 9, 025 +085 +075 + 065, 7, 245.60+7.6 + 3.8+0.65 + 1.25 10. 7.90 +0.790 + 79.04 3.85 +83 B. Find the difference. 1. 4765-38 4, 41.75 — 4.175 2 1275-148 5. 426.80 — 351.905 ‘Scanned with CamScanner . Subtract 79.5 from 80.6, 7. 758.45 minus 548,50, 8. Subtract 42.65 from the sum of 18.75 and 52.30. 9, Subtract the sum of 12.76 and 158.8 from the sum of 63.85 and 376.20. 10. Ifthe difference of a number and 17.85 is 3.6, what is the number? CRITICAL THINKING A. Perform as indicated. 1 3 24 085-= 1, 5085-5 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 3. 24434 43.85~6.30 me 8. What mathematical symbol should James put between 4 and 7 to get 2 Pm, greater than 4 yet less than 7? Eonar Real-life Application earni es: A can of mil css P3745. How mith dos doen, milk cost? To solve: 37.85 Since 1 dozen is 12 cans, multi X12 37.85 by 12, 75.70 . ~3785_ Therefore, 12 cans of milk ces 454.20 454.20, W ‘State the rules { in multiplying | decimal numbers | State the rules in | dividing decimal | numbers 1 Multiply or Divide! decimal numbers. | V Solve problems} Jf To muttiply decimals * Multiply the number as if there i i ipl vere is no decimal p pace ee ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Example 2 2.65 x 1.83 lution: 2.65 Sol x 1.83 The product has 4 decimal ae 795 factor has a total of A decimal places 2120 * 265 48495 it ofthe den othe it, nthe sate rane int inthe divisor, + Bring the decimal point right Up the quotie mn =, dividend, then divide. quotientin the samé"eolumn of your Divide 6.3 by 7. 0.9 The decimal point is not moved since is already a whole number. The brought up the quotient, on the same the dividend. Divide the numbers dis decimal point. Example 2 Divide 4.305 by 0.82. Solution: 0.82) 4.305 5.25 82)420.50 Move the decimal point of the divisor 2 places to the right, making it a whole number. Move also the | decimal point of the dividend 2 places to the right The quotient is 5.25. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner EXWHPTES Divide 6.2547 by 0.3. Solution: oa) a Move the decimal point oF both 4. dividend 1 place to the Fight, then ggg The quotient is 20.849, Read and answer. 1. What important facts should you remember in multiplying decimal? AERA si seaciati 2. What important facts should you remember in findit numbers? ng the quotient of dc, Find the product or quotient, 1. (5.8)(3) 2 (16:75)(-1.5) ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 5. 1249+ 1,2 4, 865+ 0.5 ‘A, Multiply. 1. (4.7)(8.5) 4, (90.6)(6.2) 2, (-8.6)(4.25) 5, (120.7)(-2.65) 3, (12.75)(~0.25) 6. (2.4)3.5)(0-1) ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 2 (RAY ~4.2)(-2) 9, (16.78X-4.2N0.2) 10, (475.12)(-50.65) 8. (175)(8.42)(-0.3) 4, 173.16 + 3.7 2. 9129451 5. 78.12 +9.3 3. 182.12+5.8 6. 429+ 0,39 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 9% 475 +015 8, 169.428 10. 63,85 +20 ¢. Doasindicated. 1. (65)38) #2 4, 3(10.75-+65) +15 2, (10.6 + 5.8)(-1.2) 5. (62)03)+(65+05) 3, (145 - 6.2)(0.2) a ‘Scanned with CamSeanner Critical Thinking: 1 . Bank: Joy wants to buy a washer dryer from Bargain Appliances. If she buy, Aviation: The busiest airport in the world is Atlanta’s Hartsfield Airport, average, an airplane takes off or lands every 39.66 seconds. At this rate many airplanes take off or land in 10 hours? Is, "90 day same as cash” plan, she will have to make 6 equal payments ofp each, What is the net effect on her bank account? My Construction Application The floor area of a square patio is 324 square fy, What is the dimension of the square patio? a To solve ths problem, you should remember that’ area of a square is given by the formula A = s2, since area is 324ft?, you have to find the number S, su ch S+S = 324, The number is 18 because 18 « 18 = Bey 18? = 324. In the problem, you need a number whose squ is 324, Squaring a number means using the number a1 factor two times, 1 1 1 1 1 1 ; 1 8? is read as “eight squareq: and means 8 is used a5 a facty two times. +-8=64 — —8 is used as a factor ty, times. The opposite of squaring a number is finding ix square root. ‘Scanned with CamScanner om The — the radical sign is called gagicand. oS every number has.two square ro ne re = ots, one positive : othe The pring root Is ava Bostve. * 3 pabsquare. my zero aha only one root, which is zero, “oe square rodt Of a negative numbét is not defined th real une Any square root that is not an integer is an irrational number. Exumple 1 Ve4=38 This means that the square root of 64 is either 8 or ~8 because 8(8) = 64 and (-8)(-8) = 64. The principal root is 8. Example 2 —V64 =-8 The square root is —8 since there is 2 negative sign before the radical sign, the desired root is negative. 5 The square root of 5 is not an integer. Such number is called irrational number. To simplify square roots, you can apply the properties of square roots. ee gs ts duct gal et Quotient Propel fo and bare ‘positive integeee then. Example1 Find 900. solution: Y900=V9 +100 =3+10 =30 Therefore, V900 = +30, since (30)* = (30)? = 900. Example2 — Find V1600. solution; 4600=Vi6» Vi00 10 =40 therefore, 1600 =40 since (40)? (-40)"= 1600 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner vi Solution: =, See _ vi Tale eek + Therefore, —, 196 ERGRRIES — Find JOS. Solution: v0.25 = -= = a =405 Therefore, Y0.25 =+05, since (-0.5)? = (0.5)? = 0.25. - Example — Find —Jo.8i. Solution: —vo8i=-, Therefore, —V0.81=—0.9, the desired root is negative. Beagle? oe Solution: 328 zz 36-9 36-9 4 eae & - -3 , the desired root is negative. ‘Scanned with CamSeanner 1s nat a perfect square. just ene * the radical vgn vinen the 3 + °” an rseger tlowever, ou can stil find the approximate square roots of irrational numbers remember that irrational numbers lie between two consecutive integers. 5 lies between what integers? Solution; The radicand 5 lies between two perfect squares, 4 and 3, 4<5<9 a thousandths | — hundredths | 7 State the rules hi {rounding — {off numbers ones tens hundreds thousands ten thousands In rounding off numbers, you have rules to follow. Determine the place value towhi the number is to be rounded. * ‘Scanned with CamScanner met * “ny digit i ; ate to omen ae PW oe is essthon 5, then dfop oes a > ao zeros) Alldigits to. theypt tyern 1, 234 rounded to the nearest tens is 230. 2, 234324 rounded to the nearest thousands is 2340000. 3, 234324 rounded to the nearest ten thousands is 230.000. Role2 ‘ ifthe digit immediately after the Indicated ‘place value is 5 or more, add one (1) rag of cote pe case de 5).All the dais tothe eft remain unchanged unless‘@ 9 is made one larger, then the vo digit tothe left is increased by 1. — a 1. 239565 rounded to the nearest tens is 239570. 2, 239565 rounded to the nearest hundreds is 239600. 3, 739565 rounded to the nearest thousands is 240000. Rule 3 Trailing z of accuracy is clearly unders were om ve " eros tothe right of the decimal point must be droppedso that the place stood Unless otherwise desired. 1. 18.534 rounded to the nearest tenths is 18.5. 2, 18,359 rounded to the nearest hundredths is 18.36. 3, 18.83971 rounded to the nearest thousandths is 18.840, because the desired accuracy is thousandths. zero is not dropped Read and answer. proximately 1.46 cups of Ifa cake recipe requires 1,5 cups of flour but you have apt flour, would it still be reasonable to use it? Would the taste be affected? ara mt Se ‘Scanned with CamScanner |. Round off 7637 to: a) nearest tens b) nearest hundreds ©) nearest thousands . Round off 2.00643 to: a) Nearest ones b) nearest hundredths. ©) nearest thousandths 4) nearest tenths €)_nearest ten thousands —— Round off each number to the indicated Place value, Numbers | andes 1. 34,924 2. 267.342 3. 56.526 4. 89.235 5. 12,345 1, 1234.56 2. 6783.04 3. 1234.12 4, 3245.57 5. 5496.72 ‘Scanned with CamSeanner cpiTicAl THINKING prilppines is made up of three big islands: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, Research forthe Jand area of each island, Find the total land area of the Philippines rounded to the nes, What is the largest island? What is the smallest island? How much larger nearest asthe largest island than the smallest island? Write your answer rounded to the nearest ( 14 ) SciENTIFIC NOTATION AND CALCULATORS chemistry, biology, and nce In the field of physics, tearing Obes astronomy, numbers which ae very large or very small are ‘ised, To facltate writing and computations of number, use ¥_ Express decimal scientific notation. numbers in standard form to scientific notation fee asprodact so that ee a Othe firdt factor is po, or equal to one scientific notation pout less than 307 and a Use a calculator to + the second factor Is an integral power of 10. numbers To express anumberin scientific n¢ jotation, write It 1 The distance of the earth from the su million miles. 7 93009000 = decimal number following in scientific notation. in is about 93 93x 10" scientific notation Example2 — Write the a) 149100000 ‘Scanned with CamScanner imal point of an integer is after the last Solution ee Gecimal point to the left in such a way that the Nontery ater be between 1 and 10. tt 149 100000 = 1,49100000 The decimal point is moved 8 places to the left. 149100000 = 1.491 x 10° bd) 0.000004 Souter: Tomate the first factor between 1 and 10, move the Aecimay the right. Be, 0.000008 = The decimal point is Moved 6 places to the right, 0.000004 = 4 x 19-* in changing numbers to scientific Notation, fi the power of 10is positive if the deg, Bont is moved tothe lft. f the point is moved to the right, the power of 10 ig ega,, \n changing scientific notation to standard form, do the reverse. ifthe ra positive, move the decimal point to the right and ifthe power of 10s negative, Tove, decimal point to the left. = Example 3 Write the following in Standard form, 2) 9.87 x 10° Solution: Since the power of 10is positive 5, move the decimal point 5 Dla, to the right, 9.87 x 10*= 987000 Thus, 9.87 x 10°= 987000. b) 657x103 Solution: Since the power of 10 is negative 3, Move the decimal poin, places to the left, 6.5710" = 006.57 Therefore, 6.57 x 10 Anumberin }ofa x 10"isanumberin sclentificnotation where 1

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