4BS PHYSICS TEST

1. (a)(i) State the principle of conservation of energy. (2 marks)

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed
but can be transformed from one type to another.
(ii) Define the term 'potential energy’. (1 mark)
Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to
others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors.
(iii) Give ONE example of a body possessing potential energy. (1 mark)
One example of potential energy is a stretched rubber band.
(iv) Define the term 'kinetic energy'. (1 mark)
Kinetic energy is energy of an object due to its motion.
(v) Give ONE example of a body possessing kinetic energy. (1 mark)
One example of kinetic energy is a car moving with some speed on a road.

(b) At a football match between two college teams, the referee ordered a free kick.
The ball of mass 1.5 kg was placed at rest. The kick was about to be taken by an
eager footballer. What was the potential energy of the ball just before the kick was
taken? (1 mark)

U = 1.5(9.8) (0) = 0J

(c) The footballer kicked the ball and it was caught by the opposing goalkeeper, 4
meters above the ground. The ball was travelling at 10 ms-¹

(i) Calculate the potential energy of the ball just before it was caught. (3 marks)

The potential energy depends on the height. At the height of 4m, the potential
energy is
E= mgh 9.8 X 4 = 39.2m J
(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the ball just before it was caught. (3 marks)

Kinetic energy = 1/2m v 2

4x10x10=400

(iii) After the ball was caught, what was the kinetic energy converted into?
(2marks)

After a ball is caught, the kinetic energy is converted to heat energy.

Total15 marks