MATRICES AND

DETERMINANTS
Advanced Engineering Mathematics
Matrices
• Are rectangular arrays of numbers or functions (real or complex) of the form:
General Concepts and Notations
1. Elements
2. Columns
3. Rows
4. Size
General Concepts and Notations
In double subscript notation for the elements, matrix-rectangular array of the first
subscript always denotes the rows and the second subscript the column containing
the given element.
Row matrix - a matrix (a1, a2, ..., an) having only one row.
Column matrix or column vector – a matrix (b1, b2, ..., bn) having only one column.
Note: Row and column matrices will be denoted small bold-faced letters.
Rectangular matrix – a matrix of any size m x n.
Square matrix – a matrix having the same number of rows and columns.
Principal diagonal – the diagonal containing the elements (a11, a22, ..., amn) of the
square matrix of the order.
General Concepts and Notations
Note: two matrices A = (ajk) & (bjk) = B are equal, if and only if A and B have the
same number of columns and corresponding elements are equal, that is ajk = bjk for
all occurring j & k.
Examples
ADDITION OF MATRICES, MULTIPLICATION BY NUMBERS
ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS FOR MATRICES:
1. ADDITION
2. MUTIPLICATION

ADDITION OF MATRICES
Defined only for matrices having the same number of columns and is then
defined as follows.
The sum of two (m x n) matrices A = (ajk) & B = (bjk) is the (m x n) matrix C =
(cjk) with elements, cjk = ajk + bjk
j = 1, …, mk = 1, …, n is written C = A + B is obtained by adding the elements of A
and B.
MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
PROPERTIES OF MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
1. Associativity of scalar 2 matrix multiplication.

2. Distributive law for the pre-multiplication.

3. Distributive law for the post-multiplication.

4. Associative law of matrix multiplication.

Example no.1
Example no.2
Example no.3
Next Topic:
Special Matrices