KVPY SX 2019 Maths Question Answerkey Solutions

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS)
PART-I
1. The number of four-letter words that can be formed with letters a, b, c such that all
three letters occur is:
(a) 30 (b) 36 (c) 81 (d) 256
 1 2
2
 1 2 2 
2. Let A =  R :  sin() + cos()  = sin () + cos2() . Then
 3 3  3 3 
(a) A  [0, ] is an empty set

(b) A  [0, ] has exactly one point
(c) A  [0, ] has exactly two points
(d) A  [0, ] has more than two points
3. The area of the region bounded by the lines x = 1, x = 2 and the curves x(y – ex) = sin x
and 2xy = 2sin x + x3 is:
1 7 1 7
(a) e2 – e – (b) e2 – e – (c) e2 – e + (d) e2 – e +
6 6 6 6
4. Let AB be a line segment with midpoint C, and D be the midpoint of AC. Let C 1 be the
circle with diameter AB, and C2 be the circle with diameter AC. Let E be a point on C1
such that EC is perpendicular to AB. Let F be a point on C2 such that DF is
perpendicular to AB, and E and F lie on opposite sides of AB. Then the value of
sin FEC is
1 2 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
10 10 13 13
1 x x2 
 
5. The number of integers x satisfying –3x4 + det 1 x2 x 4  = 0 is equal to
1 x3 x 6 

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 8
KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 1

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6. Let P be a non-zero polynomial such that P(1 + x) = P(1 – x) for all real x, and
P(1) = 0. Let m be the largest integer such that (x – 1)m divides P(x) for all such P(x).
Then m equals
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
 1
xsin   when x  0
7. Let f(x) =  x and A = {x  R: f(x) = 1}. Then A has
 1 when x = 0

(a)exactly one element (b) exactly two element
(c)exactly three element (d) infinitely many elements
8. Let S be a subset of the plane defined by S = {(x, y); |x| + 2|y| = 1}. Then the radius of
the smallest circle with centre at the origin and having non-empty intersection with S
is
1 1 1 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
5 5 2 5
9. The number of solutions of the equation sin (9x) + sin (3x) = 0 in the closed interval
[0, 2] is
(a) 7 (b) 13 (c) 19 (d) 25
10. Among all the parallelograms whose diagonals are 10 and 4, the one having
maximum area has its perimeter lying in the interval
(a) (19, 20] (b) (20, 21] (c) (21, 22] (d) (22, 23]
2a –1 2b –1
11. The number of ordered pairs (a, b) of positive integers such that and
b a
are both integers is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) more than 3

12. Let z = x + iy and w = u + iv be complex numbers on the unit circle such that z2 + w2 = 1.
Then the number of ordered pairs (z, w) is
(a) 0 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) infinite
13. Let E denote the set of letters of the English alphabet, V = {a, e, i, o, u}, and C be the
complement of V in E. Then, the number of four-letter words (where repetitions of
letters are allowed) having at least one letter from V and at least one letter from C is
(a) 261870 (b) 314160 (c) 425880 (d) 851760
14. Let 1, 2, 3 be planes passing through the origin. Assume that 1 is perpendicular to
the vector (1, 1, 1), 2 is perpendicular to a vector (a, b, c), and 3 is perpendicular to
the vector (a2, b2, c2). What are all the positive values of a, b, and c so that
1 2 3 is a single point?
(a) Any positive value of a, b, and c other than 1
(b) Any positive value of a, b, and c where either a  b, b  c or a  c
(c) Any three distinct positive values of a, b, and c
(d) There exist no such positive real numbers a, b, and c
15. Ravi and Rashmi are each holding 2 red cards and 2 black cards (all four red and all
four black cards are identical). Ravi picks a card at random from Rashmi, and then
Rashmi picks a card at random from Ravi. This process is repeated a second time. Let
p be the probability that both have all 4 cards of the same colour. Then p satisfies
(a)p 5% (b) 5% < p  10% (c) 10% < p  15% (d) 15% < p
16. Let A1, A2 and A3 be the regions on R2 defined by

A1 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, 2x + 2y – x2 – y2> 1 > x + y},
A2 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, x + y > 1 > x2 + y2},
A3 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, x + y > 1 > x3 + y3},
Denote by |A1|, |A2| and |A3| the areas of the regions A1, A2, and A3 respectively. Then
(a) |A1| > |A2| > |A3| (b) |A1| > |A3| > |A2| (c) |A1| = |A2| < |A3| (d) |A1| = |A3| > |A2|

17. Let f : R → R be a continuous function such that f (x2) = f (x3) for all x  R. Consider
the following statements.
(I) f is an odd function
(II) f is an even function
(III) f is differentiable everywhere.
Then
(a) I is true and III is false (b) II is true and III is false
(c)both I and III are true (d) both II and III are true
18. Suppose a continuous function f : [0, ) → R satisfies

x
f(x) =2  tf(t)dt + 1 for all x  0. Then f (1) equals
0
(a)e (b) e2 (c) e4 (d) e6
19. Let a > 0, a  1. Then the set S of all positive real numbers b satisfying (1 + a 2) (1+ b2)
= 4ab is
(a)an empty set
(b)a singleton set
(c)a finite set containing more than one element
(d) (0, )
 sin(x2 )
 if x  0
20. Let f : R →R be a function defined by f (x) =  x . Then, at x = 0, f is:
 0 if x = 0

(a) Not continuous
(b) Continuous but not differentiable
(c) Differentiable and the derivative is not continuous
(d) Differentiable and the derivative is continuous

PART-II
21. The points C and D on a semicircle with AB as diameter are such that AC = 1, CD = 2,
and DB = 3. Then the length of AB lies in the interval
(a) [4, 4.1) (b) [4.1, 4.2) (c) [4.2, 4.3) (d) [4.3, )
22. Let ABC be a triangle and let D be the midpoint of BC. Suppose
cot(CAD) : cot(BAD) = 2 : 1. If G is the centroid of triangle ABC, then the measure
of BGA is
(a) 90° (b) 105° (c) 120° (d) 135°
23. Let f(x) = x6 – 2x5 + x3 + x2 – x – 1 and g(x) = x4 – x3 – x2 – 1 be two polynomials. Let a,

b, c and d be the roots of g(x) = 0. Then the value of f(a) + f(b) + f(c) + f(d) is
(a) – 5 (b) 0 (c) 4 (d) 5
24. Let a = î + ˆj + kˆ , b = 2iˆ + 2jˆ + kˆ and c = 5iˆ + ˆj – kˆ be three vectors. The area of the region
formed by the set of points whose position vectors r satisfy the equations r  a = 5
and | r – b| + | r – c| = 4 is closest to the integer
(a) 4 (b) 9 (c) 14 (d) 19
 
25. The number of solutions to sin( sin2()) + sin( cos2()) = 2cos  cos()  satisfying
2 
0  2 is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 7
1
x
26. Let J = 1+ x
0
8
dx . Consider the following assertions:
1
I. J >
4

II. J <
8
Then
(a) Only I is true (b) only II is true
(c) both I and II are true (d) neither I nor II is true

27. Let f: (–1, 1) → R be a differentiable function satisfying (f '(x))4 = 16(f(x))2 for all
x  (–1, 1), f(0) = 0. The number of such function is
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) more than 4
x
2
28. For x  R, let f(x) = |sin x| and g(x) =  f(t) dt . Let p(x) = g(x) – x. Then
0

(a)p(x + ) = p(x) for all x

(b)p(x + )  p(x) for at least one but finitely many x
(c)p(x + )  (x) for infinitely many x
(d)p is a one-one function
 3 a   3 a2 
29. Let A be the set of vectors a = (a1, a2, a3) satisfying   ii  =   ii  . Then
 i=1 2   i=1 2 
(a) A is empty (b) A contains exactly one element
(c) A has 6 elements (d) A has infinitely many elements
30. Let f : [0, 1] → [0, 1] be a continuous function such that x2 + (f(x))2 1 for all
1 1/ 2
 f(x)
x  [0, 1] and  f(x) dx =
0
4
. Then 
1/2
1– x2
dx equals
  2 –1 
(a) (b) (c)  (d)
12 15 2 10

ANSWER KEY
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (b)
6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)
11. (c) 12. (c) 13. (a) 14. (c) 15. (a)
16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (a) 20. (d)
21. (b) 22. (a) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (d)
26. (a) 27. (d) 28. (a) 29. (b) 30. (a)
SOLUTIONS
PART-I
1. (b)
The 4 letter code will have a, b, c and a repeat letter from either a, b or c
The possible selections are
{a, a, b, c}, {b, b, a, c} and {c, c, a, b}
Arrangement of 4 words 4! 4  3  2
First selection is {a, a, b, c} = = = = 12
Repetition of a's two times 2! 2
Second selection is {b, b, a, c} = = = = 12
Repetition of b's two times 2! 2
Third selection is {c, c, a, b} = = = = 12
Repetition of c's two times 2! 2
 Number of four letter words that can be formed with letters a, b, c such that all
three letters occur is = 12 + 12 + 12 = 36

2. (b)
Given
 1 2
2
 1 2 2 
A =  R :  sin() + cos()  = sin () + cos2()
 3 3  3 3 
2
1 2  1 2
  sin  + cos   = sin2  + cos2  { (A + B)2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB}
3 3  3 3
1 4 4 1 2
 sin2 + sin cos + cos2 = sin2  + cos2 
9 9 9 3 3
2 1 1 2 4
 sin 2 =  –  sin2  +  –  cos2  { 2 sin A cos A = sin2 A}
9 3 9 3 9
2 2 2
 sin 2 = sin2  + cos2 
9 9 9
2 2
 sin 2 = [sin2  + cos2 ]
9 9
 sin 2 = 1

 sin 2 = sin 2  
4

 2 = n+(–1)n , n  I
4

 = ,  [0, ]
4
A  [0, ] has exactly one point.

3. (b)
Given curve
x(y – ex) = sin x
sin x
 y= + ex …(1)
x
2nd curve
2xy = 2sin x + x3 (Given)
sin x x2
 y= + …(2)
x 2
sin x
y= +
x
x2
2
sin x
y= +
x
ex
x=1 x=2
2
 sin x x  sin x x2  
Area = 1  x + e –  x + 2  dx
 
2
 x x2 
= 1 e – 2  dx
2
 x3 
= e x – 
 6 1
 (2)3 1 (1)3 
= e2 – –e – 
 6 6 
8 1
= e2 – e – +
6 6
7
Area = e2 – e –
6

4. (a)
y E(r,r)
D 
A C(r,) B x
(0,0)
F(r/2, –r/2)
Given that
FEC = 90° –  …………….. (1)
We are going to find out slope of FE
 r
r –– 
tan = slope of FE =  2
r
r–
2
perpendicular
 tan  = 3 =
base
Using a triangle property
3 10
Base 1
 cos = =
Hypotenuse 10
1
sin (90° – ) = {According to reduction formula}
10
1
sin (FEC) = {from equation (1)}
10

5. (b)
Given
1 x x2 
 
–3x4 + det 1 x2 x4  = 0
1 x3 x 6 

1 x x2 
 
 det 1 x2 x 4  = 3x4
1 x3 x 6 

Taking common x & x2 in 2nd& 3rd column respectively
1 1 1
 (x)(x2) 1 x x2 = 3x4
1 x2 x4
1 1 1
 1 x x2 = 3x {x = 0}
1 x2 x4
Applying R1→R1 – R2
R2→R2 – R3
0 1 – x 1 – x2
 0 x – x 2 x 2 – x 4 = 3x
1 x2 x4
 x=0 or x(1 – x)2(x2 – 1) = 3x
 x=0 or (1 – x)2(x2 – 1) = 3
 x=0 or x4 – 2x3+ 2x – 4 = 0
 x=0 or (x – 2)(x3 + 2) = 0
Integer value are 0, 2
6. (b)
P(x) is non-zero polynomial and P(1 + x) = P(1 – x) for all x
Differentiate with respect to x
P’(1 + x) = (–1)P’(1 – x)
 P’(1 + x) = –P’(1 – x)
Put x = 0
 P’(1) = –P’(1)
 P’(1) + P’(1) = 0
 2P’(1) = 0
 P’(1) = 0
and P(1) = 0  P(x) touches the x-axis at x = 1
 P(x) = (x – 1)2 Q(x)
 m = 2 such that (x – 1)m divides P(x) for all such P(x).

7. (a)
Given
 1
xsin   ; x  0
f(x) =  x
 1 ; x=0

A = {x  R: f(x) = 1}
f(x) = 1 for x = 0
for x  0,
f(x) = 1
1
 x sin = 1
x
1 1
 sin =
x x
 sin =  which is true only when  = 0
As   0 so it is not possible.
8. (b)
Given
S = {(x, y); |x| + 2|y| = 1}
 |x| + 2|y| = 1
Equations are
x + 2y = 1 ……………. (1)
x – 2y = 1 ……………. (2)
–x + 2y = 1 ……………. (3)
–x – 2y = 1 ……………. (4)
Find intersecting point equation (1) & (2)
x + 2y = 1
x – 2y = 1
___________________
2x = 2
x=1
 y=0 {from equation (1)}
After in intersecting point of equation (1) & (2) is (1, 0).
Similarly,
x + 2y = 1
–x + 2y = 1
___________________
4y = 2
y = 1/2
 x=0 {from equation (1)}
After in intersecting point of equation (1) & (3) is (0, 1/2).
x – 2y = 1
–x – 2y = 1

___________________
–4y = 2
y = –1/2
 x=0 {from equation (2)}
After in intersecting point of equation (2) & (4) is (0, –1/2).

–x + 2y = 1
–x – 2y = 1
___________________
–2x = 2
x = –1
 y=0 {from equation (3)}
After in intersecting point of equation (3) & (4) is (–1, 0)
B (0,1/2)
–x + 2y = 1 x + 2y = 1
r
C A
(–1,0) (1,0) x
–x – 2y = 1 x – 2y = 1
D (0,–1/2)
Length of the perpendicular from a point (x1, y1) to a line ax + by = c is
ax1 + by 1 − c
d=
a2 + b2
According to question minimum radius is the distance between point (0, 0) and
line x + 2y = 1.
0 + 2  0–1
So, Minimum radius =
12 + 22
–1 1
= =
1+ 4 5

9. (b)
Given
sin(9x) + sin(3x) = 0
 9x + 3x   9x –3x  c+d  c−d 
 2sin   cos   =0 {sinC + sinD = 2sin   cos  }
 2   2   2   2 
 2sin6x cos3x = 0
 2 (2sin3xcos3x)cos3x = 0 {2 sin A cos A = sin2A}
 4 sin3xcos23x = 0
 sin3x = 0 or cos3x = 0

{if sin A = 0, then A = n, nI and if cosA = 0 the A = n + , nI}
2

3x = n, n  I or 3x = n +
2
n n 
x= or x= +
3 3 6
 2 4 5   5 4 3 11
x = 0, , , , , , 2 or x= , , , , ,
3 3 3 3 6 2 6 3 2 6
Total solutions = 13
10. (c)
1
Area of parallelogram = d1d2sin
2
Where d1& d2 is the diagonal of the parallelogram.
1 
Maximum area of parallelogram = d1d2 {where  = }
2 2
It is a rhombus
D C
0
d1 d2
2  2
A B
a
AOB is a right a triangle so apply Pythagoras theorem

2 2
d  d 
So, a2 =  1  + 2 
 2  2

2 2
 d1   d2 
Side length (a) =  2  + 2 
   
2 2
 10   4 
 (a) =  2  + 2
   
 (a) = 52 + 22
 (a) = 25 + 4
 (a) = 29
Perimeter = 4a
= 4( 29 )  [21, 22)
11. (c)
Given
2a –1 2b –1
and are both integers.
b a
2a –1
So, =  (Let)  2a – 1 = b { = odd} ..……. (1)
b
2b –1
& = µ (Let)  2b – 1 = aµ {µ = odd} ………. (2)
a
From equation (1)
 4a – 2 = 2b
 4a – 2 = (µa + 1) {From equation (2)}
 (4 – µ)a =  + 2
Multiplication of d & u lie between only 1 & 3 because a & b are positive integer.
 1 µ  3
In equation (2) put  = 1, µ = 1
(4 – 1) a = 1 + 2  a = 1, b = 1
Similarly,
 = 1, µ = 3  a = 3, b = 5
 = 3, µ = 1  a = 5, b = 3
So, total set = 3
(1, 1), (3, 5), (5, 3)

12. (c)
Let
z = ei = cos + i sin
w = ei = cos + i sin
Since, z2 + w2 = 1
 (cos + i sin)2 + (cos + i sin)2 = 1 {(A + iB)2 = A2 – B2 + 2iAB}
 cos2 – sin2 + 2i sincos + cos2 – sin2 + 2i sincos = 1
 (cos2 + cos2) + i(sin2 + sin2) = 1{cos2A = cos2A – sin2A, sin2A = 2sinA cosA}
Comparing real and imaginary part
 cos2 + cos2 = 1 and sin2 + sin2 = 0
2cos( + )cos( – ) = 1
And sin2 = –sin2
Squaring both side
sin22 = sin22
1 – cos22 = 1 – cos22
cos22 = cos22
Taking square root both side
cos2 = ±cos2
cos2 = –cos2
or cos2+ cos2 = 0 (cancelled)
If cos2 = cos2
 2cos2 = 1
1
cos2 =
2

2 = 2n ± {If cosx = cos then x = 2n ± }
3

 = n± , nI
6
 5 7 11
= , , ,
6 6 6 6
  5    11   5    5 7 
 (, )  6 , 6 ,  6 , 6  ,  6 , 6 ,  6 , 6 ,
       
 7 5   7 11   11    11 7 
 6 , 6 ,  6 , 6 ,  6 , 6,  6 , 6 
       

13. (a)
‘V’ denotes vowels and ‘C’ denotes consonants.
Total alphabet words = 26
Total vowel in alphabet = 5
Total consonant in alphabet = 21
Total 4 letter words = (26)4
Number of 4 letter words which contains only vowels = (5)4
Number of 4 letter words which contains only consonant = (21)4
Number of 4 letter words which contains atleast one vowel and atleast one
consonants:
(26)4 – (21)4 – (5)4 = 261870
14. (c)
1is perpendicular to ( î + ˆj + kˆ )
2 is perpendicular to ( aiˆ + bjˆ + ckˆ )
3 is perpendicular to ( a2 î + b2 ˆj + c2 kˆ )
 1, 2 and 3 planes are passing through the origin
 Planes are
1: x + y + z = 0
2: ax + by + cz = 0
3: a2x + b2y + c2z = 0
1 1 1
= a b c
a2 b2 c2
Applying C1→ C1–C2, C2→ C2–C3
0 0 0
 = a–b b– c c
a2 – b2 b2 – c2 c2
C1 C2
Applying C1→ , C2→
(a– b) (b– c)
0 0 1
 = (a – b)(b – c) 1 1 c
(a + b) (b+ c) c2
 = (a – b)(b – c)(c – a)
For unique solution,  0
 (a – b)(b – c)(c – a)  0
 a b, b  c, c  a

15. (a)
2 Red 2 Red
Ravi Rashmi
2 Black 2 Black
If Ravi withdraw red cards from Rashmi, then Rashmi withdraw black card from Ravi
and this process repeat again, vice-versa. If Ravi withdraw black card from Rashmi
2 2 1 1
P = 2    
 4 5 4 5
2
P=
100
1
P= = 2%
50
16. (c)
Given
A1 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, 2x + 2y – x2 – y2> 1 > x + y},
A2 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, x + y > 1 > x2 + y2},
A3 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, x + y > 1 > x3 + y3}
For A1:
 2x + 2y – x2 – y2> 1 1>x+y
 x2 – 2x + 1 – 1 + y2 – 2y + 1 < 1 x0
 (x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 – 1 < 0 y0
Find intersecting point of circle & line

 (x – 1)2 + (1 – x – 1)2 = 1 {Line x + y = 1 put in circle equation.}
 x2 – 2x + 1 + x2 = 1
 x2 – 2x = 0
 x (x –1) = 0
 x = 0, 1
 y = 1, 0
(0, 1) & (1, 0)
y
(x – 1)2 + (y – 1)2 = 1
(1,1)
x
x+y=1

1
Area of A1 = of area of circle – Area of triangle
4
(1)2 1
= – (1)(1)
4 2
 1
A1 = –
4 2
For A2:
A2 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, x + y > 1 > x2 + y2},
 1 > x2 + y2, x + y > 1, x  0, y  0
Find intersecting point of circle & line
 (x)2 + (1 – x)2 = 1 {Line x + y = 1 put in circle equation.}
 x2 + 1– 2x + x2 = 1
 x2 – 2x = 0
 x (x –1) = 0
 x = 0, 1
 y = 1, 0
(0, 1) & (1, 0)
y
(0,1)
x2 + y 2 = 1
(1,0)
x
x+y=1
1
Area of A2= of area of circle – Area of triangle
4
(1)2 1
= – (1)(1)
4 2
 1
A2 = –
4 2
For A3:
A3 = {(x, y); x  0, y  0, x + y > 1 > x3 + y3}
 x + y > 1, x3 + y3< 1, x  0, y  0
y
(0,1)
(1,0)
x
 |A3| > |A2| = |A1|

17. (d)
f: R →R be continuous function such that
f(x2) = f(x3) …(1)  x  R
Put x = –x
f(x2) = f(–x3)
From equation (1) we have f(x3) = f(–x3)
Put x3 = t we have f(t) = f(–t)
 f(x) is an even function.
(ii) Now take x3 = t
 f(t2/3) = f(t)
Put t = t2/3
 f((t2/3)2) = f(t)
 f(t) = f(t2/3) = f((t2/3)2) = f((t2/3)3) = ……….. = f((t2/3)n)
This is true for all t  R and any n  I
n
2
Hence if we take n →,   → 0
3
then f(t) = f(t0) = 1
 f(x) is a constant function, hence it is differentiable everywhere.
18. (a)
Given
f: [0, )→ R
x
f(x) = 2  t.f (t)dt + 1, x> 0
0
Differentiate with respect to x

 f '(x) = 2.x.f(x)
f '(x)
 = 2x
f(x)
Integrate both sides
f '(x)
  =  2x dx
f(x)
 lnf(x) = x2 + c
2
 f(x) = ex + c
Since f(0) = 1  put x = 0, y = 1
 f(0) = e1 + c c = 0
2
 f(x) = ex + 0
2
f(x) = ex
f(1) = e

19. (a)
a> 0, a  1
(1 + a2)(1 + b2) = 4ab
(1 + a2 ) (1 + b2 )
  =4
a b
1  1 
  + a   + b  = 4
a  b 
2 2
1  1 
  + a   + b  4
a  b 
Equality holds true when a = b = 1
But it is given in the question that a  1
Hence, there are no values of b.
20. (d)
f: R →R
 sin(x2 )
 ; x 0
f(x) =  x
 0 ; x=0

Check continuity:
sinx 2
lim f(x) = lim
x →0 x →0 x
sinx 2
= lim .x
x →0 x2
= lim x
x →0
= 0 = f(0)
Hence, f(x) is continuous at x = 0
Check differentiability:
f(0 + h)– f(0)
R.H.D. = lim
h→0 h
2
sinh
–0 sinh2
= lim h = lim =1
h→0 h h→0 h2
f(0– h)– f(0)
L.H.D. = lim
h→0 –h
sinh2
–0 sinh2
= lim –h = lim =1
h→0 –h h→0 h2
R.H.D. = L.H.D.
f(x) is differentiable at x = 0
 sin x2
 2cosx 2
– ; x 0
f'(x) =  x2
 1 ;x=0


For continuity
sinx2
limf  ( x ) = lim 2cosx2 −
x →0 x →0 x2
sin x2
= 2cos0– lim 2
x →0 x
=2–1=1
Derivative is continuous at x = 0.
PART-II
21. (b)
2 C
D
1 3
A x B
Let AB = x
ABC,
(AB)2 = (AC)2 + (BC)2 {ABC is a right angle triangle}
2
 BC = x –1
ABD,
(AB)2 = (AD)2 + (BD)2 {ABD is a right angle triangle}
 AD = x 2 – 9
Apply Ptolemy theorem, we get
AB × CD + AC × BD = AD × BC
 2x + 3 = x 2 –1 x 2 – 9
On squaring we get
2
 (2x + 3)2 =  x2 –1 x2 – 9 
 
 4x + 12x + 9 = (x – 1)(x – 9)
2 2 2 {(A + B)2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB2}
 4x2 + 12x + 9 = x4 – 10x2 + 9
 x4 – 14x2 – 12x = 0
 x3 – 14x – 12 = 0
f(x) = x3 – 14x – 12
f(4.1) = (4.1)3 – 14(4.1) – 12 = –0.479
f(4.2) = (4.2)3 – 14(4.2) – 12 = 3.288
f(4.1)f(4.2) < 0
As f(x) is a continuous function therefore one root of f(x) lies in [4.1, 4.2) i.e. length of
AB lies in this interval.

22. (a)
Given A
cot( CAD) 2
=
cot(BAD) 1 1 2
cot 2 2 E
 = {According to diagram} 
cot 1 1 G
 cot2 = 2cot 1
B C
cos 2 2cos 1  cos   D
 =  cot  = 
sin 2 sin 1  sin  
a2  a2 
AD2 + b2 –  AD 2
+ c 2
– 
 4 = 2 4  {apply cosine law}
2AD.bsin 2  2AD.csin 1 
 
 
a 2
 a 
2
 AD + c –
2 2
AD2 + b2 – 
4 = 2 4  1
 {area of triangle = × base × height × sin}
1
4. AD.bsin 2  4. 1 AD.csin   2
2  2 1 
 
a2  a 
2
AD2 + b2 – 2 AD2 + c2 – 
4 =  4

4area(  ADC) 4area(  ADC)
2
a a2
 AD2 + b2 – = 2AD2 + 2c2 –
4 2
1
(Using the formula of length of median, AD = 2b2 + 2c2 – a2 )
2
a2 1

4
(
+ b2 = 2c2 + 2b2 + 2c2 – a2
4
)
2 2
a b 5c2
 + =
2 2 2
 a + b = 5c
2 2 2
AG2 + BG2 – AB2

cos = {using cosine rule}
2AG  BG
1 1
(2b2 + 2c2 – a2 ) + (2a2 + 2c2 – b2 )– c2
cos = 9 9 {Using the formula of length of median}
2AG  BG
1 2 2
(a + b + 4c2 )– c2
cos = 9
2AG  BG
cos = 0

=
2

23. (b)
Given
g(x) = x4 – x3 – x2 – 1 = 0
f(x) = x6 – 2x5 + x3 + x2 – x – 1
a, b, c, d are roots of x4 – x3 – x2 – 1 = 0
 a = 1
ab = –1
Now,
f(x) = x6 – 2x5 + x3 + x2 – x – 1
f(x) = x2(x4 – x3 – x2 – 1) – x(x4 – x3 – x2 – 1) + (2x2 – 2x – 1)
f(x) = (x2 – x) (x4 – x3 – x2 – 1) + (2x2 – 2x – 1)
f(x) = 2x2 – 2x – 1 { x4 – x3 – x2 – 1 = 0}
Now,
f(a) + f(b) + f(c) + f(d)
 2a2 – 2a – 1 + 2b2 – 2b – 1 + 2c2 – 2c – 1 + 2d2 – 2d – 1
 2[a2 + b2 + c2 + d2] – 2[a + b + c + d] – 4
 2[(a + b + c + d)2 – 2(ab + bc + cd + ac + bd)] – 2[a + b + c + d] – 4
 2[1 – 2(–1)] – 2(1) – 4 = 0
24. (a)

Given
a = î + ˆj + kˆ , b = 2iˆ + 2jˆ + kˆ , c = 5iˆ + ˆj – kˆ
r a = 5  x+y+z=5
| r – b| + | r – c| = 4
Sum of distances of a point ( r ) from two fixed points with position vector b& c is
constant
b − c = 2iˆ + 2jˆ + kˆ − 5iˆ − ˆj + kˆ
= −3iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ
( 3) + ( 1 ) + ( 2)
2 2 2
=
= 9+1+ 4
= 14
With b and c lie on the plane x + y + z = 5
r.a = 5
()
Bb C(c )
Area in the plane constitutes an ellipse
Distance between b and c = 2 × (semi major axis) × e = 14
 2ae = 14 {2a = 4}
14
 (4)e = 14  e=
4
b2
Eccentricity (e) = 1–
a2
2
 14  b2
  = 1 –
 4  22
 
1
 b2 =
2
Area of ellipse = ab
 1 
= (2)   = 2
 2
25. (d)

Given
 
sin( sin2) + sin( cos2) = 2cos  cos  
2 
 C+D  C − D 
sinC + sinD = 2sin   cos  
  2   2 
  sin2  +  cos2    (cos2  – sin2 )   
 2sin   cos   = 2cos  cos  
 2   2  2 
cos  – sin = cos2
2 2
   cos2   
 2sin   cos   = 2cos  cos  
2  2  2 
   
 2(1)cos  cos2  = 2cos  cos  
2  2 
   
 cos  cos2  = cos  cos  
2  2 
 
 cos2 = 2n ± cos {if cosx = cos then x = 2n ± }
2 2
 cos2 = 4n ± cos
Case-I: {Take + ve}
cos2 – cos = 4n
Only possible cos2 = cos
2cos2 – cos – 1 = 0 {cos2 = 2cos2 – 1}
(cos – 1)(2cos + 1) = 0
1
cos = 1, – {if cosx = cos then x = 2n ± }
2
2
 = 2n, 2n ±
3
 2 4 
 0, 2, , 
 3 3
Case-II: {Take – ve}
cos2 + cos = 4n
Only possible cos2 + cos = 0 {cos2 = 2cos2 – 1}
2cos2 + cos – 1 = 0
(cos + 1)(2cos – 1) = 0
1
cos = –1,
2

 = (2n + 1), 2n ±
3
  5 
 , , 
 3 3
Total solutions is 7.
26. (a)

Given
1
x
J= 1+ x
0
8
dx
Now, 1 + x8< 2 {Limit 0 to 1}

1 1 x x
>  >
1+ x 2
8
1+ x 2
8
Apply integration both side

1 1
x x
 0 1 + x8 dx > 0 2 dx
1
 x2 
 J > 
 4 0
1
 J>
4
Statement I is true.
Now,
1 + x4> 1 + x8
1 1 x x
<  >
1+ x 1+ x
4 8
1 + x 1 + x4
8
Apply integration both sides

1 1
x x
 0 1 + x8 dx > 0 1 + x4 dx
1
x
 J > dx
0
1 + x4
Put x2 = t  2xdx = dt
1
1 dt
 J> 
2 0 1 + t2
1
 tant 0
1
 J>
2
1  
 J>  
2 4 

 J>
8
Statement II is not true.
27. (d)

Given
(f '(x))4 = 16(f(x))2
Taking square root both side.
(f '(x))2 = ±4(f(x))
Case-I:
If f(x) > 0
(f '(x))2 = 4(f(x))
Taking square root both side.
f '(x) = ±2 f(x)
f '(x) = 2 f(x)
f ( x )
=2
f (x)
Integrate both side

d ( f ( x ))
 =  2dx
f (x)
 2 f ( x ) = 2x + c
f(0) = 0  c = 0
 f (x) = x
 f(x) = x2, 1 > x  0

or f '(x) = –2 f(x)
f( x )
= −2
f (x)
Integrate both side

d (f ( x ))
 =  −2dx
f (x)
 2 f ( x ) = −2x + c
f(0) = 0  c = 0

 f ( x ) = −x
 f(x) = x2, –1 < x < 0
Case-II:
If f(x) < 0
(f '(x))2 = –4(f(x))
f '(x) = ±2 –f(x)
f '(x) = 2 –f(x) or f '(x) = –2 –f(x)
Similarly f(x) = –x2, –1 < x < 0 or f(x) = –x2, 1 > x > 0
Case-III:
Also, one singular solution of given differential equation is
f(x) = 0, –1 < x < 1
Hence, functions can be
f(x) = x2, –1 < x < 1
f(x) = –x2, –1 < x < 1
 x2 , –1 < x < 0
f(x) =  2
–x , 0  x < 1
–x2 , –1 < x < 0

f(x) =  2
 x , 0  x < 1
f(x) = 0  x  (–1, 1)
x2 , –1 < x < 0
f(x) = 
0 , 0  x < 1
More functions are also possible.
28. (a)
Given

f(x) = |sin x| …(1)
x
g(x) =  f(t) dt …(2)
0
2
p(x) = g(x) – x …(3)

From equation (2)
x
g(x) =  f(t) dt
0
Put x →x + 
x +
 g(x + ) =  f(t) dt
0
x 
 g(x + ) =  f(t) dt +  f(t) dt {Using property of integration}
0 0

 g(x + ) = g(x) +  f(t) dt {From equation (2)}
0

 g(x + ) = g(x) +  sint dt {From equation (3)}
0
 g(x + ) – g(x) = – cost 0


 g(x + ) – g(x) = –[–1 – 1]

g(x + ) – g(x) = 2 …(4)
From equation (3)
2
p(x) = g(x) – x

Put x →x + 
2
 p(x + ) = g(x + ) – (x + )

2x
 p(x + ) = g(x) + 2 – –2 {From equation (4)}

2x
 p(x + ) = g(x) – …(5)

eq.(5) – eq.(3)
p(x + ) – p(x) = g(x + ) – g(x) – 2
p(x + ) – p(x) = 2 – 2
p(x + ) = p(x)  x

29. (b)
Given
2
 3 ai  3
a2i
  2i  =  i
 i=1  i=1 2
2
a a a  a2 a2 a2
  1 + 22 + 33  = 1 + 22 + 33 { (a + b + c)2 = a2 + b2 + c2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca}
2 2 2  2 2 2
a12 a22 a32 2a1a2 2a2a3 2a3a1 a12 a22 a32

 2+ 4+ 6+ 3 + 5 + 4 = + +
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 23
a12 a12 a22 a22 a32 a32 2a1a2 2a2a3 2a3a1

 − + − + − = 3 + 5 + 4
2 22 22 24 23 26 2 2 2
2a12 − a12 4a22 − a22 8a32 − a32 a1a2 a2a3 a3a1

 + + = 2 + 4 + 3
22 24 26 2 2 2
a12 3a22 7a32 aa aa aa

 2 + 4 + 6 = 122 + 243 + 331
2 2 2 2 2 2
3a22 7a32 aa aa aa
 a + + 2
1 = 1 2+ 2 3+ 3 1
4 16 4 16 8
3a22 7a32 aa aa
 a + + 2
1 = a 1a 2 + 2 3 + 3 1
4 16 4 2
16a12 + 12a22 + 7a32 4a a + a a + 2a3a1

 = 1 2 2 3
16 4
 16a12 + 12a22 + 7a32 = 4 ( 4a1a2 + a2a3 + 2a3a1 )
 16a12 + 12a22 + 7a32 – 16a1a2 – 4a2a3 – 8a1a3 = 0
 8a12 − 16a1a2 + 8a22 + 8a12 − 8a1a3 + 2a32 + 4a2 − 4a2a3 + a33 + 4a32 = 0
 (2 2a1 –2 2a2 )2 + (2 2a1 – 2a3 )2 + (2a2 – a3)2 + 4a32 = 0
Only possible when a1 = a2 = a3 = 0
So only one element in the set.

30. (a)
Given
x2 + (f(x))2 1
Let y = f(x)
x2 + y2 1  x  [0, 1]
y2 1 –x2
y =  1– x 2
Apply integration
1

   1– x2 dx =
0
4
1
x 1  
   1 − x2 + sin −1 x  =
2 2 0 4
1 1  
   ( 0) + sin −1 (1) − 0 − 0 =
2 2  4
 
   =
4 4
 =1
 y = 1– x 2
Now,
1/ 2 1/ 2
f(x) 1– x2

1/2
1– x2
= 
1/2
1– x2
dx
1/ 2
dx
= 
1/2 1– x2
1/ 2
= sin–1 x 
1/2
 1 1
=  sin–1 –sin–1 
 2 2
  
= – =
4 6 12


KVPY SX 2019 Maths Question Answerkey Solutions

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KVPY SX 2019 Maths Question Answerkey Solutions

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KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS)

(a) A  [0, ] is an empty set

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 1

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 2

16. Let A1, A2 and A3 be the regions on R2 defined by

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 3

18. Suppose a continuous function f : [0, ) → R satisfies

(a)e (b) e2 (c) e4 (d) e6

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 4

23. Let f(x) = x6 – 2x5 + x3 + x2 – x – 1 and g(x) = x4 – x3 – x2 – 1 be two polynomials. Let a,

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 5

(a)p(x + ) = p(x) for all x

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 6

6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (b) 9. (b) 10. (c)

The possible selections are

{a, a, b, c}, {b, b, a, c} and {c, c, a, b}

three letters occur is = 12 + 12 + 12 = 36

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 7

A  [0, ] has exactly one point.

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 8

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 9

FEC = 90° –  …………….. (1)

We are going to find out slope of FE

Using a triangle property

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 10

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KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 12

Find intersecting point equation (3) & (4)

Length of the perpendicular from a point (x1, y1) to a line ax + by = c is

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 13

AOB is a right a triangle so apply Pythagoras theorem

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 14

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 15

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 16

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 17

Find intersecting point of circle & line

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 18

 |A3| > |A2| = |A1|

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 19

Differentiate with respect to x

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 20

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KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 22

AG2 + BG2 – AB2

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 23

a, b, c, d are roots of x4 – x3 – x2 – 1 = 0

f(x) = x2(x4 – x3 – x2 – 1) – x(x4 – x3 – x2 – 1) + (2x2 – 2x – 1)

f(x) = (x2 – x) (x4 – x3 – x2 – 1) + (2x2 – 2x – 1)

f(a) + f(b) + f(c) + f(d)

 2a2 – 2a – 1 + 2b2 – 2b – 1 + 2c2 – 2c – 1 + 2d2 – 2d – 1

 2[a2 + b2 + c2 + d2] – 2[a + b + c + d] – 4

 2[(a + b + c + d)2 – 2(ab + bc + cd + ac + bd)] – 2[a + b + c + d] – 4

 2[1 – 2(–1)] – 2(1) – 4 = 0

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 24

Area in the plane constitutes an ellipse

Distance between b and c = 2 × (semi major axis) × e = 14

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 25

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 26

Now, 1 + x8< 2 {Limit 0 to 1}

Apply integration both side

Apply integration both sides

KVPY-SX_2019 (MATHEMATICS) Page | 27

Integrate both side

 f(x) = x2, 1 > x  0