INTERACTIONIST PERSPECTINE:

1. Symbols. While the social world is composed of material and objective features,
what distinguishes humans is their extensive and creative use of communication
through symbols. The history, culture, and forms of communication of humans can
be traced through symbols and it is through symbols that meaning is associated with
interpretation, action, and interaction. At one level symbols may seem fixed, but the
symbolic interaction perspective emphasizes the shifting, flexible, and creative
manner in which humans use symbols. The process of adjustment and change
involve individual interactions and larger scale features such as norms and order.
Plummer notes how habit, routine, and shared meanings occur, but how "these are
always open to reappraisal and further adjustment" (p. 224). The symbolic
interactionist studies and analyzes the processes involved in all aspects of the use of
symbols and communication.
Perhaps the most important and enduring sociological perspective from North
America has been that of symbolic interactionism. It traces its roots in the pragmatist
philosophers such as Peirce, Dewey, Cooley, and Mead. As Plummer notes, "it seeks
to unify intelligent thought and logical method with practical actions and appeals to
experience" (p. 227). The sociologists who developed and have continued this
perspective include Blumer, Becker, Goffman, Denzin, and Hochschild. Some of the
characteristics of the symbolic interaction perspective are an emphasis on
interactions among people, use of symbols in communication and interaction,
interpretation as part of action, self as constructed by others through
communication and interaction, and flexible, adjustable social processes. Its concern
tends to be the interaction order of daily life and experiences, rather than the
structures associated with large scale and relatively fixed social forces and laws.
CROSS CULTURAL INTERACTIONIST:
Cross-cultural intervention focuses
on three levels of understanding: self-awareness, the nature of mankind, and inter-
cultural similarities and differences. Once insight is gained, the individual can begin
to understand others. The nature of mankind, the premises and assumptions about
human nature, provides a foundation for understanding universal human behavior. It
is within this framework that we can grasp the meaning of cross-cultural interaction,
and know how to deal differences among people.
In urdu there is great cross culture we can say that there are differ language speak in
different reigns of Pakistan