Quarter 1 – Module 1:

Physical and Chemical Properties of

Elements

Writer:
Catherine C. Ala
Layout Artist:
Sharon T. Landingin

Content Evaluator:
Sylvia D. Mamuyac
Science – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Physical and Chemical Properties of Elements
First Edition, 2020

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Published by : Quezon City High School

Principal : Mrs. Angeline T. Torres
Head Teacher : Mr. Fidel O Guantero Jr.

Development Team of the SLeM

Writer: Mrs. Catherine C. Ala

Editors: Mrs. Sylvia D. Mamuyac
Ms. Eusebia Teresa L. Hachiles
Reviewer: Mr. Fidel O Guantero
Mrs. Eva C. Perez
Language Editor: Mrs Grace Cristobal
Illustrator: Mrs. Catherine C. Ala
Layout Artist: Sharon T. Landingin
Management Team:
Mrs. Angeline T. Torres, Principal IV – Quezon City High School

Mr. Fidel O. Guantero Jr. - Head Teacher VI - Science

Printed in the Philippines by Quezon City High School

Department of Education – Schools Division of Quezon City

Office Address: Sct. Ybardolaza St., Diliman , Quezon City

Telephone No.: 3564071
E-mail Address: quazo1947@gmail.com
HOW TO USE THIS MODULE
Before you start answering this Supplementary Learning Material (SLeM), I want
you to set aside other tasks that will disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read
carefully the instructions below to successfully achieve the objectives of this kit.
Have fun!
1. Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every part of this
SLeM.
2. Write on your notebook the concepts about the lessons. Keep in mind that
writing develops and enhances learning,
3. Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM.
4. Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
5. Analyze conceptually the post test and apply what you have learned.
6. Enjoy studying!

PARTS OF THIS MODULE

Expectations This provides what you will be able to know upon

completing the lessons in this SLeM.

Pre-test This part aims to assess your prior knowledge and the
concepts to be mastered throughout the lesson.

Looking Back This section tries to measure the skills that you had
to your Lesson learned and understand from the previous lesson and
link it to the present lesson.

Brief This section gives an overview of the lesson.

Introduction

Activities These are activities designed to develop your critical

thinking skills which focus on the competencies that you
need to master. This can be done solely or with your
partner depending on the nature of the activity.

Remember This section summarizes the concepts and applications of

the lesson.

Check your This verifies how well you understand the concepts to be
Understanding presented in this lesson.

Post-test This aims to evaluate whether you had achieved the

target mastery on the desired competency.

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 Expectations

This module will let you know how to describe an element using its physical and chemical
property and identify the families of elements in the periodic table.
Specifically, this module will help you to:
1. Differentiate the physical and chemical properties of elements;
2. Describe how the elements in a period of the periodic table are arranged; and
3. Describe how the elements in a group or chemical family are arranged.
Let us start your journey in learning more how to describe an element using their physical and
chemical property and identify the families of elements in the periodic table.

I am sure you are ready and excited to

answer the pre-test. Smile and cheer up!

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 Pre-Test
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. Which of the following is an example of a physical property?
A. Electrolysis B. Flammability C. Ductility D. Corrosion
2. Element “Z” is a dull solid, brittle and a poor conductor of electricity. Which kind of element does
it most likely belong?
A. Metals B. Non-metals C. Metalloids D. Semi-metal
3. Except for hydrogen, what kind of element is found on the left side of the periodic table?
A. Non-metals B. Metalloids C. Metals D. Non-elements
4. Elements belonging in the same group have:
A. the same number of neutrons C. the same number of electrons
B. the same chemical symbol D. the same chemical properties
5. What element will have the most similar physical and chemical properties to the element Neon
(Ne)?
A. F B. Ar C. Li D. H

Looking Back
In your grade 7 Science, you have learned the
following concepts:
The similarities and differences of elements
and compounds
Features of the periodic table
Proper way of writing chemical symbols
Uses of some elements
Do you still recall the concepts behind these topics? I
really hope so….because we will continue studying
more on the physical and chemical properties of
elements.
Let’s have a simple activity to refresh your mind…,
are you ready??!!

Read the nutritional information given. Classify the nutrients whether they are elements or
compounds. Place your answers in the box accordingly.
difference between pure substances and mixtures.. Can
you still recall how do they differ from one another? Let’s
have a simple activity to refresh your mind.
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Elements Compounds

Brief Introduction
Elements are substances that are made up of only one type of atom. They cannot
be further separated into simpler substances. There are currently 118 known elements,
most of which are metals. Each element has its own set of properties which distinguishes
one from the other. Matter has two kinds of properties—physical and chemical.
Physical properties are the characteristics that can be observed without changing the
substance into another substance. Chemical properties, on the other hand, can be observed
when the substance undergoes a change in its composition.

Examples of Physical Properties:

Color (vividness of visual appearance) Source: http://www.elementalmatter.info/physical-
chemicalproperties.htm#:~:text=Properties%20are%20us
Luster (a shine or glow)
ed%20to%20identify,Physical%20properties%20and%20C
Hardness (rigid and resistant to pressure) hemical%20properties.&text=Matter%20can%20undergo
Odor (distinctive smell) %20physical%20and%20chemical%20changes%20called
Luminescence (emitting light not caused by heat) %20Phase%20Changes
Solubility (ability to be dissolved)
Malleability (capable of being shaped or bent)
Ductility (easily pulled or stretched into a thin wire)
Density (the measure of the relative "heaviness" of objects with a constant volume)
Conductivity (transmission of heat or electricity or sound)
Viscosity (resistance to flow - stickiness)
Compressibility (made more compact)
Boiling point (temperature at which the vapor pressure is large enough that bubbles
form inside the body of the liquid)
Freezing point (temperature below which a liquid turns into a solid)
Melting point (temperature at which the solid melts to become a liquid)
Crystalline structure (geometric pattern e.g. rectangular, hexagonal)
Allotropic - Allotropes are forms of an element with different physical and chemical
properties occurring in two or more crystalline forms in the same physical state.

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 Examples of Chemical Properties:
Corrosion (a corrosive substance that will destroy or irreversibly damage another
surface)
Flammability (the ability to catch on fire)
Toxicity (the ability to be poisonous)
Radioactivity (giving off ionizing radiation)
Heat of combustion (amount of heat released when the substance is completely burned)
Reactivity with water (what happens when a substance reacts with water)
Reactivity with acids (what happens when a substance reacts with an acid
Oxidation (the combination of a substance with oxygen)

Grouping the Elements: Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids

In the periodic table below, the squares are shaded in three different hues. Most of the
elements that are found in the left side of the periodic table, with the exception of hydrogen, are
metals. Those few elements on the far right side of the periodic table are non-metals. Between the
metals and non-metals are known to be metalloids.
Elements are arranged in seven horizontal rows called the periods. The vertical columns are
called groups or families. Each group is identified by numbers and the letters A and B. Group 1A
through 7A and Group O make the representative elements. The group B elements are the
transition elements. Below the main periodic table appears two rows of elements-the lanthanides
and actinides-the inner transition elements.
Representative elements differ greatly with the transition elements because the former
represents its group number with its valence electron. The elements in any group of the periodic
table have similar physical and chemical properties. These properties of the elements in the period
change from group to group. The period number where the element is situated also signifies its
highest main energy level. The sequence of change is the same, in all periods. This gives rise the
periodic Law which states that:

When the elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic
pattern in their physical and chemical properties.
GROUP/ FAMILY

Legend:
PERIOD white-metals
yellow-no
blue- metalloids

Periodic table showing the positions of the metals, non- metals and metalloids, groups, and periods

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Properties of Metals:

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

✓ Shiny (lustrous) in nature
✓ Metal is a good conductor of electricity and
heat except Hg & Pb
✓ Density and melting point is high
✓ Mouldable (Malleable)
✓ Ductile/Opaque
✓ At room temperature, it is in solid form
except for Hg & Ga
✓ Often hard, except for Na & K
✓ Have high boiling and melting points
Properties of Non-metals:
✓ Metals loses electron and changes to
positive ion and are called electropositive
elements
✓ Metals give electrons to oxygen atom
and reacts to form oxides
✓ Have low electronegativities
✓ Good reducing agents
✓ Easy to corrode

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

✓ Poor conductors of electricity and heat ✓ Easily gain or lose valence electrons
✓ Non-Ductile metals ✓ Form acidic oxides whenever they come
✓ Brittle solids in contact with oxygen
✓ Transparent ✓ The number of valence electrons is
✓ Dull generally 4-8
✓ Not sonorous ✓ High electronegative elements
✓ Maybe solids, liquids or gases at room ✓ Great oxidizing agents
temperature

Properties of Metalloids:

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

✓ Semi-conductor of heat and electricity ✓ Readily form glasses

✓ Have the physical properties of both metals
and non-metals
Difference of Metals, Non-metals and Metalloids:
✓ Form alloys with metals
✓ Some metalloids contract on melting
✓ Reacts with the halogens to form
compounds

METALS NON-METALS METALLOIDS

➢ Shiny/lustrous ➢ Non-lustrous/dull except I ➢ Intermediate
➢ Malleable and ductile &diamond reflectance
➢ These are very hard except ➢ Brittle and can be ➢ Brittle
Na breakdown into pieces ➢ Solids
➢ Solids at room temperature ➢ Soft except diamond ➢ Intermediate density
except Hg ➢ Exists in all three states ➢ Low tensile strength
➢ Electropositive in nature ➢ Electronegative in nature ➢ Intermediate
➢ Have high densities ➢ Have low densities electrical
➢ Good conductors ➢ Insulators conductivity

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Element Families in the Periodic Table:
Elements can be categorized into groups or families. Knowing the family where they belong
can help us identify their physical and chemical properties.
Group 1A-Alkali Metals
❖ Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
❖ 1 valence electron
❖ Soft, white, shiny extremely
active metals
❖ High thermal & electrical
conductivity
❖ Stored in oil to prevent
reaction with oxygen
❖ Light metals
❖ Has +1 ion charge
Transition Metals Family
❖ Elements are found at the
center of the periodic table
❖ Hard, shiny ,metallic solids
❖ High thermal, melting and
electrical conductivity
❖ Dense/exhibits a range of
oxidation states
Group VA- Nitrogen Group
❖ N, P, As, Sb, Bi, Mc
❖ 5 valence electrons
❖ Diverse properties between
metals and non-metals
Group VIIA- Halogen Family
❖ F, Cl, Br, I, Ar,Ts- 7
valence e-
❖ High electron affinity
❖ Melting &boiling points
increase with atomic no.
❖ F & Cl exists as gases and
Br is liquid and I is solid at
room temperature
Group 2A- Alkaline Earth Metals
❖ Be, Mg, Ca, Ba, Ra
❖ 2 valence electrons
❖ Harder metallic solids than
the alkali metals
❖ Shiny, easily oxidize
❖ High thermal and electrical
conductivity
❖ Higher melting points and
more dense than alkali
metals
❖ Has a +2 ion charge
Group IVA- Carbon Group
❖ C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Fl
❖ Best known member C-
form 4 bonds
❖ 4 valence electrons
❖ Wide range of properties-
Intermediate between
metals and non-metals
Group VIA-Oxygen Group
❖ O, S, Se, Te, Po, Lv-6
valence
❖ Changing properties from
non-metallic to metallic as
you move down the family
Group VIIIA/0- Noble Gases Family
❖ He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Og
❖ 8 valence electrons
❖ Exists as monoatomic gases
❖ They rarely form compounds
❖ Stable state-nonreactive
under ordinary
circumstances
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 Activities
Activity 1.1: Classify Me
Directions: Identify the following properties as chemical (C) or physical properties (P):

Remember: Physical properties can be perceived with the senses

without changing the matter: Chemical property shows how a substance
reacts with other substance and a new substance is formed. It is
important that you know to distinguish properties.

_____1. Aids in combustion _____6. Flammability

_____2. Boiling point _____7. Hardness
_____3. Density _____8. Reacts with water
_____4. Reacts with air _____9. Oxidation
_____5. Solubility _____10. Viscosity

Question:
In your own understanding, how would you classify or identify properties of matter?

Activity 1.2: Where am I?

Directions: Locate the element based on its group and period number and identify what
element it is by writing its symbol in the square.

Group Period

1, IIIA 4

2. IVB 5

3. VA 6

4. IA 2

5. VIIA 2

Questions:
1. What are the common shared properties of Group 1-A/ Alkali metals?

2. What are the common shared properties of Group 2-A/ Alkali Earth metals?

3. What are the common shared properties of Group VII-A/Halogens?

4. What are the common shared properties of Group VIII-A/O/ Noble or Inert gases?

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 Activity 1.3: Name That Elementary…ELEMENTS!
Directions: Fill up the missing information below. You can use your periodic
table as your guide.

ELEMENT ATOMIC CHEMICAL GROUP PERIOD KIND OF GROUP SPECIFIC

ELEMENT A or B FAMILY
NAME NUMBER SYMBOL NUMBER NUMBER
NAME

Alkali
metals
11 metal

Transition

Scandium metals

18 1 A

Transition
metals
Hg 12 B

Questions:

1. What is the difference between atomic number and atomic mass?

2. Why do you think Group A elements are also called “Representative

elements”?

3. What information can you infer knowing the group and period number of an element?

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 Activity 1.4: Matchy….Matchy!!
Directions: Use the following words in the word box to match the description
below.

Representative Elements Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals

Periods Groups Lanthanide Series Actinide Series
Metals Non-metals Metalloids Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earth Metals Halogens Noble Gases

__________1. are ductile, malleable and lustrous.

__________2. made up of groups 1, 2, and 13-18.
__________3. do not naturally combine with other elements
__________4. all elements in this group have 1 valence electron.
__________5. have the properties of both metals & non-metals
__________6. made up of groups 3-12
__________7. made up of the Lanthanide series and the Actinide series
__________8. vertical columns on the periodic table; all elements have
similar chemical & physical properties; all elements have the
same number of valence electrons.
__________9. all elements of this group have 2 valence electrons.
__________10. elements in this group will easily bond with an alkali metal
to form a salt.
If you are having a hard time to answer,
you can just flip the pages on our
discussion, okay?
We’re almost done guys!!!

Remember

• The basis for the periodic table is the periodic law, which states that when elements are
arranged in the order of increasing atomic number, their physical and chemical properties
show a periodic pattern
• The modern periodic table has 118 elements. The rows and columns of the periodic table
are groups/families and periods, respectively.

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 • Elements are substances that cannot be broken down to simpler substance.
• Elements in the same group share similar chemical properties. An element’s chemical
properties are determined by the way its atoms interact with other atoms -– valence
electrons. Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons; this
number is indicated by the group number.
• Chemical properties of the elements gradually change as you move across periods/row.

Checking Your Understanding

Read and analyze the following questions. Apply what you learned from this lesson.
1. What element/s is/are useful to the following fields of study?
▪ Medicine-
• Agriculture-
• Transportation and Communication-
• Health and Sanitation-
• Food-
• Construction-
• Education-
2. Relate the importance of the discovery of the periodic table in predicting the physical and
chemical properties of elements.

Post-Test
Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is an example of chemical property?
A. Density B. Oxidation C. Melting point D. Viscosity
2. Which of these is a property of metals?
A. brittle B. poor conductors of heat C. malleable D. dull
3. What kind of elements is found on the right side of the periodic table?
A. Metalloids B. Non-metals C. Metals D. Non-elements
4. Elements belonging in the same period have:
A. the same chemical properties C. gradually changing properties
B. identical symbols D. the same number of protons
5. Elements that are arranged in ______ have the most similar physical and chemical
properties to each other.
A. periods B. groups C. atomic number D. atomic mass

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References:
Books:
Baguio, saranay M. Breaking Through: Chemistry. C & E Publishing, INC., 2009
Bayquen, Aristea A. Chemistry: Exploring Life Through Science. Phoenix
Publishing House, INC., 2011.
Franco, Aurora A. Interactive Chemistry.. Instructional Coverage
System Publishing, INC., 2000.

Internet websites:

http://corrizzatochemistryatnd.weebly.com/uploads/4/7/3/5/47359903/2017chemical_symbol
s.pdf
https://promotiontablecovers.blogspot.com/2019/10/elements-and-compounds-worksheet-
8th.html
https://www.google.com/search?q=blank+periodic+table&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjzoZfqp7
rqAhWFy4sBHdZvCU0Q2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=blank&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIIxAnMgcIABCxAxBDMgcIABCxAxBDMgU
IABCxAzIFCAAQsQMyAggAMgIIADICCAAyBQgAELEDMgIIADoECAAQQzoHCCMQ6gIQJ1DqoW
BY27hgYPrFYGgBcAB4A4ABhQGIAYYOkgEENC4xM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEK&s
client=img&ei=CfsDX7P5HoWXr7wP1t-
l6AQ&bih=663&biw=1349&rlz=1C1CHBD_enPH757PH757&tbs=sur%3Afc&hl=en#imgrc=I-
eXDOpCnnzB1M
https://kidskonnect.com/science/periodic-table/
http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCrossSetupForm.asp
https://www.bitmoji.com/
http://www.elementalmatter.info/properties-of-metalloids.htm
https://slideplayer.com/slide/10933896/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5SmndBRDU6s
https://byjus.com/chemistry/metals-and-nonmetals/
https://www.thoughtco.com/element-families-606670

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Quezon City High School
Sct. Ybardolaza St., Diliman, Quezon City
Telephone number: 3564071
E-mail Address: quazo1947@gmail.com

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