HSS COSH Day 2 - HO

11/03/2021
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering – 1984 UE Manila

OSH Consultant (No. 1030 – 052917 – 0174)
DOLE/BWC/OSHC
NEBOSH International General (IGC) Certificate – 2006
Abu Dhabi OHS Practitioner Course – 2013, UAE
Grade A, OHSEMS Generalist (No. 2000123) – 2013, UAE
Lead Auditor
Course (OSHAS
18001:2007) – 2017
– UAE 30 yrs of
OHS (Philippines,
KSA, Africa, UAE)
Construction,
CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH 
Integrated Management System - Internal Auditor
BE ON TIME
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS
Infrastructure, Manufacturing, Oil and Gas and Hydro
Electric Power Plant) GENARO RESUTA 1030-052917-0174

RESOURCE SPEAKER
 Bachelor of science in marine transportation

 DOLE Accredited Occupational Safety and Health Practitioner
 EMB-DENR Accredited Pollution Control Officer
 Environmental Health and Safety Superintendent (Level III)

 Pollution Control Officer
ANGEL PLANTADO JR.

1033-180417-N-0552
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11/03/2021
PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Bachelor of Science- Business Administration National College of

Business and Arts
RESOURCE SPEAKER
OSH Academy Certified Occupational Health & Safety Manager and Specialist (USA) Occupational Health and Safety Practitioner-
Department of Labor and Employment Occupation Safety Management System Specialist- OSHAD Abu Dhabi UAE Occupational
Health and Safety Executive- Ministry of Manpower Sultanate of Oman
Approved HSE Professional- ADCO
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

OSH Practitioner (1033-131021-n-0383)
DOLE/BWC/OSH
Corporate Project Management Group Achievement

Awardee, Manila Water, 2015, 2016 & 2017
Project Delivery Group Performance Awardee

REGINALD BASCO
Q1 2015
1033-131021-n-0383
RESOURCE SPEAKER
1033-171006 – N- 0493
(2001)
Member, International Safety Quality Environment Management Association (UK)
NEBOSH International General Certificate Passer with Credit (UK)
Qualified Integrated Management System Auditor ISO

9001:2015/ISO14001:2915/ISO45001:2018
Managing Head of Pollution Control Officer
RAMONCITO VITERBO 1033-

191108-D-0491
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• 12 years work experience in Construction Industry

• 3 years as Corporate Safety Supervisor in Construction Management
• OSH Practitioner in Construction Industries since 2014.
• Fire Safety Practitioner from Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP)
• Licensed First Aider from Philippine Red Cross
• Resource Speaker of Accredited Safety Training Center (STO)
• Member of Philippine Coastguard Auxiliary as volunteer (PCGA-Reserved)
• Training Coordinator of TESDA accredited training center
• Previous Member of Association of Safety Practitioners of the
Philipines,Inc. (ASSPI)
DEXTER MENDOZA
• Member of Earthquake and Landslide Search and Rescue from MMDA • Pollution Control Officer (PCO) DENR
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11/03/2021
RESOURCE
SPEAKER
• Eighteen (18) years of project/ work experience,

• Eleven (11) years Safety experience
• Five (5) years as Safety Coordinator
• DOLE OSH Consultant | Construction Industries
• Fire Safety Practitioner Training
• QMS ISO 9001:2015 Lead Auditor Training
• Licensed First Aider
• (Teaching Methodology Level 1 )TESDA Accredited Assessor for ( Scaffold
, SMAW, EIM NCII)
• Training coordinator of TESDA accredited training Center
JEFFREY C. ESCALONA 1030-061419-OSHC-198
• Occupational Health Nurse |1033 – 141020 –N-0494

RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Bachelor of Science in Maritime Industry

• Accredited Occupational Safety and Health Practitioner
DOLE No. 1033-200306-N-0141
• Accredited Pollution Control Officer (DENR)
JUANITO P. CUERQUEZ 1033-200306-N-0141

RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Bachelor of Science in Nursing
• DOLE OSH Practitioner | 1033-180411-N-0892

• PRC Registered Nurse
• Occupational Health Nurses Association of the Philippines
(OHNAP), Inc. (Member)
LORENZO B. MELENDEZ JR. R.N.

1033-200306-N-0141
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11/03/2021
RESOURCE SPEAKER •
PSSPPAI – CSSP Batch 03-2019 CSSP – 741
• Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy

• DOLE OSH Practitioner | Construction
RHYAN R. NANIONG No.

1033-160819-N-0701
RESOURCE SPEAKER
• Bachelor of Science Information Technology

• DOLE OSH Practitioner | Construction
• Certified Security and Safety Practitioner
• Philippine Security and Safety Professional Practitioner
Association Inc.
• Safety Trainor | Training of Trainers

CARLO MARTIN B.
CARDINEZ OSHP/CSSP
No. 1033-171020-N-837
QUIZ:
REVIEW
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QUIZ REVIEW
A Trench and an Excavation is the

same thing:
True
False
Answer: False
QUIZ REVIEW
______________ involves the use of prefabricated, protective

structures such as trench boxes.
A) Shoring
B) Shielding
C) Sloping
D) Benching
Answer: B) Shielding
QUIZ REVIEW
______________ involves the use of cross braces and jacks.

A) Shoring
B) Shielding
C) Sloping
D) Benching
Answer: A) Shoring
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QUIZ REVIEW
______________ involves angling back the material in a

continuous plane.
A) Shoring
B) Shielding
C) Sloping
D) Benching
Answer: C) Sloping
QUIZ REVIEW
______________ involves angling back the material in a

series of steps or terraces.
A) Shoring
B) Shielding
C) Sloping
D) Benching
Answer: D) Benching
QUIZ REVIEW What will blue, circular signs with
white
pictograms typically indicate?
a. That a certain action in the area is prohibited

b. That wearing a certain type of PPE in the area is mandatory
c. That certain types of machinery are subject to faults
d. That you should be aware of nearby hazards
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a) That there is a hazard nearby and caution
QUIZ REVIEW
What will blue, circular signs with white

pictograms typically indicate?
Answer: b. That wearing a certain type of PPE
in the area is mandatory
QUIZ REVIEW
What will triangular, yellow signs with

black pictograms typically indicate?
should be taken/you should not proceed
b) That the use of PPE in the area is

prohibited
c) That certain types of machinery are subject
to faults
d) That you should only enter with a

companion
QUIZ REVIEW What will triangular, yellow signs with
black pictograms typically indicate?
a)That there is a hazard nearby and caution should be

taken/you should not proceed
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QUIZ REVIEW What will red circular signs with a diagonal
line through them and black pictograms

typically indicate?
That the hazards present within the area are

very serious
That the use of PPE in this area will not stop hazards
That certain actions are prohibited
That your employer should accompany you on entry
QUIZ REVIEW What will red circular signs with a diagonal
line through them and black pictograms

typically indicate?
That the hazards present within the area are

very serious
That the use of PPE in this area will not stop hazards
That certain actions are prohibited
That your employer should accompany you on entry
QUIZ REVIEW
What will square or rectangular, green

signs with white pictograms typically
indicate?
That you are in a hazard-free environment and should not wear PPE That you should proceed with caution
They will inform you that it is safe to use any machinery in the area They will indicate what emergency procedures are or an
emergency
location
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QUIZ REVIEW
What will square or rectangular, green
indicate?
That you are in a hazard-free environment and should not wear PPE That you should proceed with caution
They will inform you that it is safe to use any machinery in the area They will indicate what emergency procedures are or an
emergency
location
QUIZ REVIEW What will square or rectangular, red

indicate?
That you are entering a seriously hazardous environment
That you will be disallowed to carry out certain activities in this environment
They will help you locate and identify firefighting equipment
They will direct you to the nearest fire exit and assembly point
QUIZ REVIEW What will square or rectangular, red

indicate?
That you are entering a seriously hazardous environment
That you will be disallowed to carry out certain activities in this environment
They will help you locate and identify firefighting equipment
They will direct you to the nearest fire exit and assembly point
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At the end of this module, participants should be able to:

 Enumerate different types of
heavy equipment and their uses 
List the hazards when working with
heavy equipment  Cite the dangers
when working with or around heavy
 Prepare checklists for
management and staff for safe
operation and care of heavy
equipment.
CONSTRUCTION
MACHINERIES
MOBILE EQUIPMENT
COURSE
OBJECTIVE equipment
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT TYPES OF HEAVY EQUIPMENT
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
 Heavy equipment or earth moving
equipment are the most useful machineries
in construction. They serve an important
role in excavation, soil dozing and leveling,
ditching and soil compacting, etc.
 As this heavy equipment operates, the

operator and the people working around it
are the most likely to have an accident due
to disoperation of the equipment and
unsafe work practices.
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS
 Oftentimes, heavy equipment is used in construction sites for speed and accuracy.
CONSTRUCTION
 To name a few:
 Front-end loaders; Rubber-tired and tracked
EQUIPMENT
 Crawler tractors/bulldozers, skid steer bobcats
 Wheel tractor-scrapers, elevating scrapers, tandem powered scrapers
HEAVY EQUIPMENT  Rubber-tired backhoes and tracked hydraulic excavators
We all know that there are too
many accidents that might happen
with the use of this equipment but
most of this accident can be
prevented.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
HEAVY EQUIPMENT We all know that there are too many accidents
that might happen with the use of this equipment
but most of this accident can be prevented.
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 It is used in construction to
handle or transport heavy
bulk materials into or onto
another type of machinery
CONSTRUCTION
without pushing it on the
EQUIPMENT
 It has two types: the wheel
and the crawler type.
BACKHOE
 It is widely use in excavation and
digging purposes. It performs
excavation and digging while standing
outside on the land.
 It uses a bucket on the back for
digging and has a loader on front for
lifting. It has two types: the wheel
mount and the crawler mount type.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
SHOVEL LOADER
ground.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
MOTOR GRADER
 A specialized equipment and it is use
mostly in finishing job. The motor
grader’s main operation involves
carrying out mechanized civil work like
excavation, loading, leveling, and
spreading of surface and in preparing a
large foundation.
 It has two types: the wheel type grader

and the crawler type commonly known
as the bulldozer.
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
COMPACTOR
 It is used in compacting the ground. It

has two types: The steel wheel roller
that compacts the surface with its
smooth steel wheels use in finishing the
surface. This type is not suited for clay
soil.
 The tire roller compactor compacts the

surface using its pneumatic tires, suited
for clay soil.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT FORKLIFT
It is a heavy equipment with forks or

prongs at the front designed to carry,
lift or stack materials both horizontally
and vertically. They are most
commonly used in indoor warehouses
and distribution centers.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
CONCRETE MIXER
TRUCK It
mixes water, sand,

gravel, and cement to
make
concrete. It then transports
the cement to the destination
or construction site while
stirring at a constant speed
to ensure quality and
performance.
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT CRANE
A crane is a type of machine,
generally equipped with a
hoist rope, wire ropes or
chains, and sheaves, that can
be used both to lift and lower
materials and to move them
horizontally.
It is mainly used for lifting

heavy things and transporting
them to other places
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
CRANE
TRUCK
Crane trucks, or mobile cranes as they are

often termed, are used in all areas of industry.
The crane can be mounted on the front or
rear of a flat-bed lorry and used to transfer
loads onto and off the vehicle. Or they can be
mounted on specialist trucks, and used to
transfer a massive range of materials and
equipment to all types of construction
projects.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT BULLDOZER
A bulldozer is a large and heavy

tractor equipped with a substantial
metal plate used to push large
quantities of soil, sand, rubble, or
similar material during construction
or conversion work and typically
equipped at the rear with a claw
like device to loosen
densely
compacted materials.
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT DUMP TRUCK
A dump truck, known also as a

dumper truck or tipper truck, is
used for taking dumps for
construction as well as coal.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT GRADER
A grader, also commonly

referred to as a road grader,
motor grader, or simply a
blade, is a form of heavy
equipment with a long blade
used to create a flat surface
during grading.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
FRONT-END
LOADER
A loader is a heavy equipment

machine used in construction to
move aside or load materials such
as asphalt, demolition debris, dirt,
snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw
minerals, recycled material, rock,
sand, woodchips, etc. into or onto
another type of machinery.
15
usually at height. G
 Moving parts of the equipment
 Uneven terrain
 Energized electrical lines
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
 Overloaded equipment
AERIAL WORK PLATFORM  Unsecured loads
 Improvised attachments
 Blind spot.
An aerial work platform, also
known as an aerial device, elevating
work platform, bucket truck or
mobile elevating work platform is a
mechanical device used to provide
temporary access for people or
equipment to inaccessible areas,
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
HAZARDS PRESENT IN
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION
 Fall
 Dust
 Noise
 Vibration
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
DIRECT PARTICIPANTS:
(Need to be on site on regular basis)
 Signal Persons, Observers, Floggers,
Grade Checkers, .
 Equipment Operators, Teamsters.
 Laborers, Iron Workers and Carpenters.
 Foremen, Supervisors, and other related
contractor staff.
 Surveyors, Rod men, Layout Crews.
 Mechanics and Oilers.
 Any Other Crafts and/or Trades working
on the Project, or Passing through the
work areas.
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any kind) - Unescorted on the site.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
PARTICIPANTS WHO NEED
TO BE ON SITE: (On a Periodic Basis)
 Delivery Trucks, Service Providers, (of
 Concrete Mixers, Pump Trucks.

 Contracted Services; Crane Rental,
Concrete Saw Cutting, Port-to-let
Service Persons, etc.
 Union/Labor Officials.
 Roach Coach Drivers.
 Architects and Engineers, Inspectors,
Client’s Staff/Owner’s
Reps./Guests/VIPs.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
NON-PARTICIPANTS,
NO DIRECT NEED TO BE ON SITE:
 Pedestrians, Spectators, On-lookers, Sidewalk
Superintendents and “UZI”
 Children (of all ages).
 Job Seekers, (all types).
 Joggers, Bicycle Riders, Skate Boarders, All Terrain
 Vehicles, Power Walkers.
 Environmentalists independently reviewing compliance
 with Laws/Restrictions..
 Scavengers, Wood collectors, Junk Collectors,
Dumpster Divers.
 Lawyers, Investigators, Thieves, Burglars and Law
Breakers.
 The Media: (Depending on circumstances).
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
THE FOLLOWING ACCIDENTS MIGHT HAPPEN IF A PERSONNEL DO NOT FOLLOW GUIDELINES

WHEN USING HEAVY EQUIPMENT
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Being struck by, or caught in- between, are two of the leading
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
Today’s situation
cause of injuries and fatalities on construction sites! Struck by (22%); Caught in-between(18%)
Why?
A nation-wide, past history of persons being struck or crushed by operating or moving equipment.
The impression that the equipment operator always knows where the ground personnel are located.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT Gross Vehicle Weight and above; Truck – Trailer)
GUIDELINES AND RULES TO FOLLOW WHEN OPERATING
HEAVY EQUIPMENT
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
SAFE OPERATING
GUIDELINES
 Authorized Operator
Assigned or designated qualified operator should have the following requirements:
 Qualified by licensing authority Anyone who operates heavy equipment should be licensed by the LTO; restriction code
should be No. 8. (4501kgs
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 Well trained and educated Educated and trained in the sense that he understands and knows the safe operation of the equipment because satisfactory performance demands largely on the intelligent
operation.
 Good Health Condition Anyone who operates heavy equipment should be in good physical and mental health condition to prevent the
cause of secondary accident.
 Operators should always wear proper working attire so that they don’t get caught by protruding parts of the machine. Always wear safety protectors such as helmet
that provides protection from flying and falling objects,
CONSTRUCTION
safety shoes to provide protection to the foot and seatbelts to keep you firmly seated when operation is
EQUIPMENT SAFE OPERATING

ongoing.
Health Care
 Operator should not overwork or abuse himself and
GUIDELINES should not work under the influence of drugs and alcohol.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
SAFE OPERATING
GUIDELINES Clothing and Protection
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
SAFE OPERATING
GUIDELINES Observe the rules
 Before starting to work, check the

rules of the job site including
prohibitions and operation
procedures.
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 The most dangerous movement is backing!

 Know where your blind spots are.
 Look for people on foot around you.
 STOP! When signaled; when waived at
CONSTRUCTION
violently; or when in doubt
 Maintain a safe operating speed.
EQUIPMENT  Keep machine under control at all times.

SAFE OPERATING
GUIDELINES
Be Attentive
 Be alert before operating the machine,

check the surrounding areas, pay
attention to the people around the
machine, make sure that there is
nobody or anything in the direction of
travel. Never start the machine until
you have ensured the safety of the
surrounding area.
https://www.osha.gov/
pls/oshaweb/
owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS Check the jobsite condition
Size - Is the job site large enough for the

CONSTRUCTION
Environment - Are there houses
EQUIPMENT SPECIFIC GUIDELINES:
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT JOB SITE OPERATION PROCEDURE
machine to operate.
nearby? Are there any regulations on

noise or air pollution?
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 Is the ground hard where the
machine will be operating?
 Check for evidence of rock and its
WORKING NEAR ELECTRIC CABLES
When it is necessary to work near electric
cables, relocate the power transmission and
distribution equipment if possible. If not,
CONSTRUCTION
provide fences or insulation to prevent contact
EQUIPMENT
that may result in electric shock and as
protection on the cable. Make sure to follow the instructions when working near electric
SOIL CONDITION
hardness.
 Do a risk assessment covering electrical hazards.

 Wear rubber on leather sole shoes
 Assign a watchman to prevent unintended contact
with the electric cable.
CONSTRUCTION
 Maintain the specified minimum distance. If the
transmission voltage is high, prevent close
EQUIPMENT
distance to prevent sparks and create hazard even
if contact is not made. Always maintain the
specified minimum distance especially when
operating the backhoe, considering the movement
of the boom.
cable.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
INSTRUCTIONS TO FOLLOW
WHEN WORKING NEAR ELECTRIC CABLE https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS
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 Do not wear loose fitting clothes that may get caught in moving  Never jump onto or off the equipment.
 Never operate any of the controls from any position except the operator’s seat.
 Never permit anyone to ride on the equipment.
 Never refuel when the engine is running.
 Do not smoke when refueling.
 Wearing of high visibility vests or equivalent and other appropriate PPE’s.
 Keep a safe distance from heavy equipment's
CONSTRUCTION
 Know the equipment’s blind spots. Never assume that the equipment operator sees you
EQUIPMENT  Never ride on the steps or drawbars of any equipment.

 Watch out for swinging parts.
GENERAL SAFETY MEASURES
WHEN WORKING AROUND HEAVY EQUIPMENT
parts.
 Wearing of high visibility vests or equivalent and other appropriate PPE’s.

 Spotters should use clearly understood hand signals or traffic
CONSTRUCTION
control devices , (i.e. signs, etc.)
 Spotters should know operator visibility limitations, always
EQUIPMENT remain visible to the operator and be sure eye contact is made
before any signals are given.
RESPONSIBILITIES OF
WORKER’S ON FOOT
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT SPOTTER RESPONSIBILITIES
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1. When using heavy

equipment, there are 5
basic guidelines that the
operators must always
follow to ensure safety:
2. Know how to properly operate the equipment you are using
CONSTRUCTION
3. Do not use heavy machinery when you
are drowsy, intoxicated, or taking
prescription medication that may affect
your performance
EQUIPMENT 4. Use
only equipment that is
appropriate for the work to be
done
5. Inspect your equipment to ensure that it is in good working condition before beginning a job. In addition, ensure that regular inspections and
maintenance are
SPOTTER RESPONSIBILITIES conducted as appropriate
6. Do not stress or overload your equipment.

CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
5 BASIC GUIDELINES ON HEAVY
EQUIPMENT OPERATION
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
 Learn and follow Safe Work Practices!
 Review manufacturer’s operating manual
 Conduct pre-operational inspection of equipment.
 Know how to operate and use safety features on equipment
properly
 Allow NO ONE to ride outside the cab for any reason!
 Keep all lights, back-up alarm, seat belts, mirrors, shields and safety guards in place and
in good condition.
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
 Be aware of
people on
foot around
you and
other
machines operating in the area.
 Know where your blind spots are and always check the mirror on the blind side.
 Avoid underground utilities and overhead power lines.
 Must understand signals and always obey the spotter.
 Stop! when signaled; when waived at violently; or if you are in doubt
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT OPERATOR
RESPONSIBILITIES
 Maintain a safe operating speed.
 Operate within the equipment’s rated capacity.
 Report any
abnormalities,
defects and unsafe
condition. Take Machine “Out of Service”, if it is unsafe to operate  DO NOT ATTEMPT
Repairs or Maintenance that You Do Not Understand
 Never get on
or off moving
equipment.
Park in a safe
place, apply
parking brakes,
turn off engine
and remove the
key before
dismounting.
 Turn the engine off before refueling
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
EQUIPMENT MOUNTING
AND DISMOUNTING
 Park in an area that provides maximum protection for operator and
passengers and which provides a solid landing during mounting and
dismounting.
 When mounting or dismounting, use all steps and all handholds
provided.
 Do not jump from equipment!
 Use the three-point-contact method.
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 Promote culture of Safety and Health

 Provide fundamental site rules and training to all persons at risk  Restrict entry onto site of non-
essential personnel. Establish

CONSTRUCTION
controlled entry points to site
EQUIPMENT
 Coordinate operations of various trades working in the same
KEY ELEMENTS IN HEAVY
 Efficient and effective procurement system.
EQUIPMENT SAFETY PROGRAM
 Management Commitment
 Employee Involvement
 Pre-construction Work-Site Analysis
 Hazard Prevention and Controls
 Equipment Maintenance
 Employee Awareness Training
 Periodically Review Policies and Procedures
 Attend relevant trainings.

 Employees must learn, follow, and obey safety and other established rules
 Discuss safety concerns and issues (e.g. through Toolbox
CONSTRUCTION
Safety Meetings or by reporting to the supervisor or safety
EQUIPMENT
MANAGEMENT
COMMITMENT
areas
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT
officer).
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WORK- SITE ANALYSIS
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT PRE-CONSTRUCTION
 Identify potential known hazards (e.g. using JHA.)

 Consider office, tool, laydown areas, storage areas
 Whenever possible plan your site to allow for drive through operations, to eliminate backing-up
 Reduce the amount of foot traffic allowed on the jobsite  Establish a traffic control system using traffic lights or spotters.
https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS  Pre-operational inspection conducted by operator.
 Maintain equipment in safe and proper condition

CONSTRUCTION
 Maintain safety features such as back-up alarm, horn, lights, limit switches, overload protection
and mirrors
EQUIPMENT intact and good condition

HAZARD PREVENTION AND
 Cab glass or guard not cracked or broken
CONTROLS
 Clean machine windows and mirrors
Application of Engineering & Administrative Controls and use of PPE’s.
 Install perimeter fencing and enclosures

 Install/post signs
 Install temporary barricades around hazards
 Spotters (with appropriate PPE) provided for in-the-blind, backing machines and/or equipment
 Choosing and using the appropriate type of equipment.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
PROPER EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
PROPER EQUIPMENT
MAINTENANCE
 Periodic preventive maintenance as
per manufacturer recommendation
 Prompt repair of any noted
deficiencies
 No modifications
 Refresh labels, signs, instructions,
charts, etc.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
OPERATOR AUTHORIZATION
 Operating a heavy equipment is a great
responsibility. Operation is reserved
only for safe and responsible operators
 A policy and procedure on

authorization of heavy equipment
operators must be in place. The
operator must be competent, trained
and in good health.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
HEAVY EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS
27
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT HEAVY EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS
CONSTRUCTION
CONSTRUCTION
28
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CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
HEAVY EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS PERSONS PUT AT RISK BY WORKING AROUND, OR BEING NEAR
HEAVY EQUIPMENT WHILE IT IS OPERATING.

• NO DIRECT NEED TO BE ON SITE
CONSTRUCTION
 Pedestrians, spectators, on-lookers, and the Just Plain Curious!
EQUIPMENT
 Children (of all ages)
 Job seekers
 Joggers, bicycle riders
HEAVY EQUIPMENT ACCIDENTS  Scavengers, wood collectors, junk and scrap collectors
 Thieves, burglars and law breakers
 The media (depending on circumstances).
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
PERSONS AT RISK ASIDE
FROM THE OPERATOR https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS
29
 Wear high visibility clothing.
 Do not assume operators can see you.
 Keep back up alarms working properly at all times.
 Make sure heavy equipment is equipped with rollover protective measures (e.g.,
 Use a seat belt and required PPE when operating your equipment (e.g., hard hats,
gloves,steel toe shoes, reflective clothing, etc.).
 Use appropriate hearing protection when working on or around loud equipment.
CONSTRUCTION
EQUIPMENT
GENERAL SAFETY MEASURES
WHEN WORKING AROUND HEAVY EQUIPMENT
outriggers).
CLEAR POINTS
 Heavy equipment are powerful machines that are vital

in every construction project. However, more power
also means higher risks.
 Both the operators and men on foot are responsible in
ensuring safety around these heavy equipment.
CONSTRUCTION
MACHINERIES
CRANE & ELEVATOR
11/03/2021
30
At the end of this module, participants should be able to:
 Enumerate different types of crane and their uses  List the hazards when working with cranes
 Cite the dangers when working with or around cranes  Prepare checklists for management and staff for safe operation
and care of crane.
COURSE OBJECTIVE
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
A crane is a machine with

a boom, primarily
designed to raise and
lower heavy loads.
CRANE AND ELEVATOR

OVERHEAD TRAVELING CRANE
An overhead crane, commonly called a

bridge crane, is a type of crane found in
industrial environments.
An overhead crane consists of parallel
runways with a traveling bridge spanning
the gap. A hoist, the lifting component of
a crane, travels along the bridge.
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CRANE AND
ELEVATOR
GANTRY CRANE
A gantry crane is a crane built atop a
gantry, which is a structure used to
straddle an object or workspace.
They can range from enormous "full"

gantry cranes, capable of lifting some of
the heaviest loads in the world, to small
shop cranes, used for tasks such as lifting
automobile engines out of vehicles.
CRANE AND
ELEVATOR
TOWER CRANE
A crane is a type of machine, generally
equipped with a hoist rope, wire
ropes or chains, and sheaves, that can
be used both to lift and lower
materials and to move them
horizontally. It is mainly used for
lifting heavy things and transporting
them to other places
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
HAZARDS IN CRANE OPERATIONS
1. Structural Failure & Overloading

2. Instability Failure
3. Material Falling or Slipping
4. Electrical Hazards
5. Other Hazards
– being struck by the crane
– caught in between the crane
– falls
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CRANE AND
ELEVATOR
CRANE SAFETY

Structural soundness of the equipment and its components
 Proper crane operation  Proper rigging operation  Proper
assembly & dismantling procedure
CRANE AND
ELEVATOR LOAD
CAPACITY
• Structure
• Hook
• Wire Rope
• Hoisting
Mechanism https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
MOBILE/TOWER
Tower Crane Load Chart

 based on radius
Mobile Crane
 boom length
 boom angle indicator
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Breaking Strength - Rule of thumb

CRANE AND ELEVATOR
HOOK REQUIREMENT
 Provided with safety latch

Hook
Opening
Twisting
 Hook opening
 Hook twisting
 No cracks
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
WIRE ROPE
REQUIREMENT
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
WIRE ROPE REQUIREMENT
Rope Criteria
 over 7 strands are severed in one lay
 1/3 diameter of individual wire
 kinks, birdcage or other damages
At least 2 wire of rope shall remain in the drum when

the hook is placed at the lowest portion https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS
34
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CRANE AND ELEVATOR

where r is the radius (distance along the ground to the load) and hC is
CRANE LIFTING CAPACITY CALCULATION
“Rated Capacity is the maximum gross load which may be applied to the
crane or hoist or lifting attachment while in a particular working
configuration and under a particular condition of use” (Hughes, 2016).
When used on a crane, hoist or winch the Rated Capacity includes the
weight of any attachments, spreader beams or lifting devices below the
crane hook and is the maximum allowable lifting capacity of the crane, hoist
or winch when the lift is a straight-line pull.
https://liftsafegroupofcompanies.wordpress.com/2018/01/09/swl-wll-mrc-what-do-these-abbreviations-stand-for-and-when-should
they-be-used/#:~:text=From%20Clause%201.4.,%E2%80%9D%20(Hughes%2C%202016).
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
CRANE LIFTING CAPACITY CALCULATION
The standard crane capacity calculation formula is given by
(r)(hC)/100,
lifting height times capacity. Capacity, in turn, is particular to each boom

arm length and angle chosen, and must be looked up in a table such as the
one in the Resources.
https://liftsafegroupofcompanies.wordpress.com/2018/01/09/swl-wll-mrc-what-do-these-abbreviations-stand-for-and-when-should
they-be-used/#:~:text=From%20Clause%201.4.,%E2%80%9D%20(Hughes%2C%202016).
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
QUALIFIED PERSON
 Qualified person duties include conducting
annual/comprehensive inspections of all equipment as well as
inspections of modified equipment
 A competent person must conduct shift and monthly

inspections of all equipment.
 A qualified crane operator who has the authority to take

corrective measures will be considered a competent person https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?
p_table=STANDARDS
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CRANE AND
ELEVATOR THE
CRANE
OPERATOR
 Certification by a nationally accredited crane operator

testing organization, (TESDA)
 Basic Educational Requirement

Material movers generally learn skills informally, on the job, from
more experienced workers or their supervisors. Many employers
prefer applicants with a high school diploma, but most simply
require workers to be physically and mentally able to perform the
work.
http://www.ble.dole.gov.ph/index.php/cg/30-crane-and-tower-operator
CRANE AND ELEVATOR THE CREW
 Before the operation begins, must ensure that the crew

members must ensure to understand all of the following:
 Their tasks
 The hazards associated with their tasks, and
 The hazardous positions/locations that they need to
avoid.
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
THE RIGGER
A rigger is required when:

 Rigging is part of assembly or disassembly work
involving a crane.
 Workers are within the fall zone and are
hooking, unhooking, or guiding a load.
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CRANE AND
ELEVATOR
TRAINING
- over hoist safety device
- trolley limit switches
 Overhead power lines.
 Signal persons.
 Operators.
 Boom movement
 Emergency procedures

Competent persons and qualified persons  Crush/pinch points
 Tag out.
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
BASIC RULES FOR SAFE

OPERATION OF CRANE PRE-OPERATION
 Barricade areas in which personnel could be trapped or crushed.
 Mark the location of all underground utility services  Check engines, controls,
brakes, safety devices for normal operation.
CRANE AND ELEVATOR
OPERATION
Rule No. 1
Do not carry or use crane beyond the rated load
Rule No. 2
Never move load over people.
Rule No. 3
Never allow personnel to ride on a load.
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CRANE AND
ELEVATOR
OPERATION
Rule No. 4
Center
the
crane over the load before starting to hoist.  Keep hoisting ropes
vertical
 No side pull
Rule No. 5
Lift, move & lower loads smoothly.
CRANE AND
ELEVATOR
OPERATION
Rule No. 6
Crane
operators
should not
use limit
switches to stop the hoist under normal operating conditions.
Rule No. 7
Do not leave suspended load unattended.
Rule No. 8
Keep hook block more than 2m above the floor when not in use.
CRANE AND
ELEVATOR
OPERATION
Rule No. 9
Use tagline to stabilize and control loads.
Rule No. 10
Respond to signals from designated signalman only.
38
TESDA ACCREDITED COURSES
HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATIONS
COURSES CATEGORY
 Articulated Off-Highway Dump Truck NC 11
 Rough-Terrain Crane NC II
 Backhoe Loader NC II
 Screed NC I
 Bulldozer NC II
 Gantry Crane NC II
 Concrete Pump NC II
 Hydraulic Excavator NC II
 Container Stacker NC II
 Motor Grader NC II
 Crawler Crane NC II
 Tower Crane NC II (Crane Operator)
 Forklift NC II
 Transit Mixer NC II
 Rigid off-highway dump truck NC II
 Truck-Mounted Crane NC II
 ROAD ROLLER NC II
 Wheel Loader NC II
 Paver NC II
https://www.tesdaonline.info/2016/10/tesda-heavy-equipment-operations-or.html
CLEAR POINTS
 Cranes are powerful machines that are vital in every construction project. However,
more power also means higher risks.
 Both the operators and men on foot are responsible in ensuring safety around these
cranes.
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FALL
PROTECTION
COURSE
OBJECTIVE
Describe the use of controls designed to protect personnel from falling or

in the event they do fall, to stop them without causing severe injury.
FALL PROTECTION
How
Long Does it Take to Fall

4 ft? 16 ft? 64 ft?
40
• a body in free fall can travel 4 ft. in 0.5 second
• a body in free fall can travel 16 ft. in 1 second
• a body in free fall can travel 64 ft. in 2 seconds
FALL PROTECTION  To work surface
 Against an object
 From moving vehicle/equipment
FALL PROTECTION  From stairs, ramps, and ladders
 From edge of work level
FALLS IN CONSTRUCTION  Into/through an opening
 From one work level to the other
 In the blink of an eye we can hit the
ground hard!
 Fall from heights is the leading cause of
deaths in the construction industry.
 Most fatalities occur when employees
fall from open-sided floors or through
floor openings.
 Falls from as low as 4 to 6 feet can
cause serious lost-time accidents and
even death.
FALL PROTECTION
FALL ACCIDENTS CAN BE

CLASSIFIED AS, FALL…
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FALL PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION
SYSTEMS CATEGORIES
 Surface protection (non-slip flooring)
 Fixed barriers (handrails, guardrails)
FALL PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION
SYSTEMS CATEGORIES
 Surface opening protection (removable covers,
guardrails)
 Travel restraint systems (safety line and belt)
 Fall arrest systems (safety line and harness)
 Fall containment systems (safety nets)
FALL PROTECTION
FALL HAZARDS
Falls from elevation
 Scaffolds
 Ladders
 Roof
 Elevated workplaces
 Floor openings
 Leading edges
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FALL PROTECTION
FALL HAZARDS
Fall on the same level
 Slipping and tripping hazards
Being struck by falling objects
Objects that are:
 improperly stored
 improperly disposed of
 mishandled at elevation
FALL PROTECTION
APPROPRIATE
METHODS OF
PROTECTION
 Elimination
 Prevention
 Control
FALL PROTECTION
ELIMINATING THE
FALL HAZARD
 Requires
careful assessment of the work to be done and how to safely accomplish that work
 Develop a different way of performing the work
 Design safety into the construction process
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FALL PROTECTION
ELIMINATING THE
FALL HAZARD
Examples:
 Performingas much work on the ground as possible to eliminate the
hazard of climbing/working at elevation like:
 buildingprefab roof on the ground and lifting it into place with
a crane
 assembling guardrail systems and fall arrest systems on form
work and/or structural steel at ground level rather than at
elevation
 Use of
appropriate equipment such as scaffoldings and aerial lifts

FALL PROTECTION
PREVENTING EMPLOYEE
EXPOSURE
FALL PROTECTION
FALL PREVENTION METHODS
 Providing proper access to

elevated work area
 Protecting unguarded
openings and leading edges
 Practicing good housekeeping
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HANDRAILS – ASSISTS BALANCE
FALL PROTECTION STAIRS AND LADDERS
FALL PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION
GUARDRAIL
A barrier erected to prevent employees from falling to lower levels
Work locations requiring guardrail protection:

 Elevated work platforms
(such as form work)
 Scaffolds
 Openings/holes in bridge decks,
floors or other unprotected surfaces
 Unprotected sides of ramps/
stairways/platforms
45
Mid- Rail
at least 15 cm highTop Rail
 Toeboards
FALL PROTECTION GUARDRAIL SYSTEM
Toeboard
 Guard rails at least 1 m tall

FALL PROTECTION
UNPROTECTED SIDES AND EDGES

MUST HAVE GUARDRAILS.
FALL PROTECTION WALL OPENINGS
If you work near wall

openings 6 feet or
more above lower
levels you must be
protected from falling
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FALL PROTECTION
WALKWAYS AND
RAMPS
Guard ramps, runways

and other walkways
FALL PROTECTION
THIS 1/4" NYLON ROPE ALONE IS NOT A PROPER WAY TO
GUARD THIS OPEN SIDE.

FALL PROTECTION
Openings at the sides of the

rubbish chute that are not
barricaded
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FALL PROTECTION
Lift shaft openings which are

not barricaded
FALL PROTECTION
SURFACE OPENING
PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION
FLOOR HOLES
Improperly
Covered
 Cover completely and securely

 If no cover, can guard with a guardrail
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FALL PROTECTION
SKY LIGHTS AND OTHER

OPENINGS
 Holes more than 6 feet high must be protected  This opening could be made safe by using a guardrail,
or strong cover
FALL PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION
Good housekeeping can reduce hazards of falling objects. You should keep your
workplace clean and tidy daily.
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FALL PROTECTION
CONTROLLING THE FALL
 Should
only be
considered after determining that the fall hazard cannot be

eliminated or the possibility of falling prevented
 Least desirable method of protection because it minimizes the
consequences of a fall rather than preventing its occurrence
 Work Positioning Systems – attach you to an

FALL PROTECTION 
Travel Restriction
Systems – prevent you
Fall Restraint
Or
Fall Arrest?
FALL PROTECTION
FALL RESTRAINT
SYSTEMS Prevent
you from falling
Include:
anchor and leave both your free hands free to

work
from traveling to an edge from where you may fall

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FALL PROTECTION WORK POSITIONING SYSTEMS
FALL PROTECTION
FALL PROTECTION
USE OF BODY BELTS
• Effective January 1, 1998,

body belts are prohibited
as a fall arrest device.
(OSHA)
• Body belts can still be used
as a positioning device.
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FALL PROTECTION
PUTTING ON A SAFETY BELT
 Fasten the belt snugly around your

waist
 Wear it high on your waist, not low
around the hips or pelvic area.
 Position the belt buckle at the front of
your body
 Make sure the belt tail is secure in the
belt loop and not hanging out loosely.
FALL PROTECTION
INSPECT YOUR BELT

BEFORE EACH USE.
 Buckle
 Webbing
FALL PROTECTION
D-RINGS
Remember: DO NOT USE SAFETY BELTS THAT SHOW SIGNS

OF DAMAGE!!!
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FALL PROTECTION
FALL ARREST SYSTEMS

Protect you
AFTER you fall by
stopping the fall
before you hit the
surface below
Purpose:
 Stop the fall
 Distribute the impact energy experienced during the
fall arrest
Includes:
 Full body harness
 Safety nets
FALL PROTECTION
ELEMENTS OF A FALL
ARREST SYSTEM
 Anchor Point
 Lifeline
 Lanyard or Rope
 Full-body Harness
FALL PROTECTION
ANCHORAGE
A secure point of attachment for
lanyards, lifelines, or deceleration
devices capable of withstanding
the anticipated forces applied
during a fall
 Shall
be located above the
worker to avoid unnecessary
swing in the event of a fall
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FALL PROTECTION
Anchoring Devices/Points
Non-Anchorages
 Guardrails
 Structural Members
 Railings
 Anchors/Fasteners
 Ladders/Rungs
 Eyebolts
 Scaffoldings
 Imbeds
 Ductworks/Pipe Vents
 Turnbuckles
 Conduit/Plumbing
 Shackles
 C-Clamps
 Slings
 Roof stacks, vents,
 Retractables
 fans
 Cross Arm Straps
FALL PROTECTION
LIFELINE
- is an independent length of synthetic fiber

or steel wire rope attached to a point of
anchorage at one or both ends. It is used to
guide a fall arrest device.
FALL PROTECTION
HORIZONTAL LIFELINE
 Consists of a fixed rail or
synthetic fiber rope or wire
rope rigged between two
substantial anchor points
 Allows a worker to move

horizontally
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FALL PROTECTION
VERTICAL LIFELINE
An independent length of synthetic

fiber or steel wire rope attached
to a point of anchorage. It is used
to guide a fall arrest device.
It allows a worker to move
vertically on an aerial lift device.
FALL PROTECTION
SAFETY LINE ANCHORAGES Must be independent of any platform anchorage and

capable of supporting at
least 5,000 lbs. per worker
FALL PROTECTION
INSPECTION POINTS
 Exposure to sunlight causes most synthetic fiber ropes to
deteriorate over time
 Before each use, carefully inspect your lifeline to make sure it is in good condition
 Look for signs of chafing or abrasion, cuts in the yarns or strands, or any visible
deformities that would weaken the rope or
interfere with the free movement of the rope grab.
Remember: IF YOU HAVE ANY DOUBTS ABOUT THE

CONDITION OF YOUR LIFELINE, DO NOT USE IT!
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FALL PROTECTION
LANYARD
Flexible line of webbing or a synthetic or wire rope used to secure a safety belt or full body
harness to a lifeline or anchor Inspect the lanyard before each use!
FALL PROTECTION
SHOCK ABSORBER
A shock absorber slows and cushions the fall, reducing
the force of stopping the fall.
Warning:
The shock absorber may increase
the length of the lanyard by as
much as 1.2 m (4 ft)during a fall.
Allow for this extra fall distance
when you include a shock
absorber in your personal fall
protection system.
FALL PROTECTION
FULL BODY HARNESS

 Wear a full body harness if you are
at risk of falling
 It consists of straps passed over

the shoulders, across the chest,
and around the legs. In a fall, a full
body harness protects you more
than a safety belt, because it
distributes the force of impact
over a greater area of your body.
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FALL PROTECTION
 You must be trained how to properly use FAS.

 FAS = anchorage, lifeline and body harness.
FALL PROTECTION
SWING FALL HAZARD
Be careful not to tie off to

an anchor in such a way
that if you fall, you’ll swing
into an obstruction
A swing fall can be as
harmful as falling to the
ground
FALL PROTECTION
AFTER A FALL
Immediately remove from service all equipment used to arrest the fall.
You cannot use the equipment again until it has been inspected and
approved by the manufacturer or other approved agent, or by a
professional engineer.
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FALL PROTECTION FALL CONTAINMENT SYSTEM
FALL PROTECTION
SAFETY NET/MESH
 Constructed of materials of sufficient strength to
catch a falling person or debris
 Sufficient tension and clearance to prevent a falling
person against contacting any surface or structure
below the net
 Inspected at least once a week for wear, damage
and other deterioration
FALL PROTECTION
SAFETY NET/MESH
Place as close as possible, but no more than 30 feet below where
employees work
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FALL PROTECTION CATCH
PLATFORM
 Catch platforms can help

to catch debris
 Do not store debris on
catch platform
FALL PROTECTION
OVERHEAD PROTECTION
Do not take short cut to save time as you
may hit by falling objects when you do not
follow the designated passageways.
You should use overhead shelter and follow

the designated passageways
FALL PROTECTION
TRAINING
Employers must provide fall protection training which may cover:
 Fall hazards (recognition

and minimization)
 Fall protection systems
 Use of fall protection
devices
59
CLEAR POINTS
 If you can fall more than 6 feet, you must be protected.

 Use fall protection on:
walkways & ramps, open sides & edges, holes, concrete forms & rebar, excavations, roofs, wall
openings and bricklaying
 Protective measures include guardrails, covers, safety nets, and Fall Arrest Systems
FALL PROTECTION
REMINDER
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CONSTRUCTION
OCCUPATIONAL
SAFETY AND HEALTH
TEMPORARY STRUCTURES
COURSE
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the session, the participants would be

able to:
Identify the hazards associated in the use of

scaffolds and other temporary structures.
State the different types of temporary structures.
Enumerate the safety requirements for the safe use
of scaffolds.
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TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
STATISTICS
An estimated 2.3 Million construction

workers or 65% of the construction industry
work on scaffolds frequently
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
DEFINITION
Scaffold means any temporary elevated platform
(made of timber, metal or bamboo) and its supporting
structure (including points of anchorage) used for
supporting employees or materials or both in the course
of any construction works, including maintenance and
demolition works.
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
MAIN AREAS OF CONCERN

 Erecting and dismantling scaffolds
 Climbing up and down scaffolds
 Planks sliding off or breaking
 Improper loading or overloading
 Platforms not fully planked or “decked”
 Platforms without guardrails
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TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
MAIN AREAS OF CONCERN
 Failure to install all required components such as base plates,

connections, and braces
 Moving rolling scaffolds in the vicinity of overhead electrical
wires
 Moving rolling scaffolds with workers on the platform
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SELECTION OF SCAFFOLDING
 Weight of workers, tools, materials, and equipment to be carried by
the scaffold
 Site conditions (e.g., interior, exterior, backfill, concrete floors, type
and condition of walls, access for the equipment, variations in
elevation, anchorage points)
 Height or heights to which the scaffold may be erected
 Type of work that will be done from the scaffold (e.g., masonry work,
sandblasting, painting, metal siding, mechanical installation, suspended
ceiling installation)
 Duration of work
 Experience of the supervisor and crew with the types of scaffolds
available
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SELECTION OF SCAFFOLDING
 Requirements for pedestrian traffic through and under the scaffold
 Anticipated weather conditions
 Ladders or other access to the platform
 Obstructions
 Configuration of the building or structure being worked on
 Special erection or dismantling problems including providing practical
fall protection for the erector
 The use of mechanical equipment to aid in erecting the scaffold.
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HAZARDS IN THE USE OF

SCAFFOLDS
 Falls from elevation

 Struck by falling tools/ debris
 Scaffold collapse
 Electrocution
RECOMMENDED MEASURES
Falls from elevation  Use guardrails
 Use fall arrest systems
Struck by falling tools or debris
 Barricade the area below the scaffold and forbid entry  Use panels or screens
 Build a canopy or net
MEASURES
Scaffold collapse
 Proper scaffold construction  Do not overload with people or
equipment  Use personal fall arrest systems
 Have a competent person check scaffold
Electrocution
 Honor clearance distances required between power lines and
scaffolding
 De-energize the lines
 Install protective covering
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 50 kv = 10 feet
 10 kv = 10 x 0.4 in. = 4 in
CLEARANCE FROM POWER LINES Minimum
Insulated Lines
Voltage
Distance
Less than 300 volts
3 feet (0.9 m)
300 volts to 50 KV
10 feet (3 m)
more than 50 KV
10 feet (3 m) plus 0.4 inches
for each 1 KV over 50 KV
TEMPORARY  Timber – not painted

STRUCTURES
 Timber/bamboo – maximum of 6 meters in
EXAMPLE
Insulated lines voltage = 60 kv
 4 “ x 1 ft / 12 “ = 0.33 ft
Answer : 10 feet and 4 inches

10.33 feet
RULE 1414: OSHS (D.O. 128 -13)
 Scaffoldings
 Good construction, sound materials and
strength.
height
65
Bamboo Scaffolds – used for painting and light
RULES
construction works.
 To carry 4 x the imposed load  Only one worker per span  Maximum span = 8
feet
RULES
Maintenance
 Properly maintained
Supervision and Inspection  Scaffolds shall be erected, altered or dismantled only under the supervision of competent person.
 Inspection before use  Lumber with 2 nail-holes along its width and 4 nail
holes along its length shall be discarded.
RULES
Platforms, Runways and Ramps with a fall of more than 2m shall be:
 Provided with guardrails

 Free from obstructions, rubbish, projecting nails  Securely fastened and braced  At
least 2” thick planks
Slope of runway or ramp shall not exceed the slope of 2 in 3.

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TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
COMPETENT PERSON
Refers to one who is capable of identifying

potential hazards in the surroundings or
working conditions, has the authority to
take prompt corrective action to eliminate
them ; person must be a holder of Scaffold
Erector NC II and COSH training.
1. Building SCAFFOLDS
2. Using scaffolds
TEMPORARY
3. Removing / dismantling scaffolds
STRUCTURES
QUALIFIED PERSON
Refers to one who, by possession of

recognized technical degree, certificate, or
professional standing, or who by extensive
knowledge, training and experience, has
successfully demonstrated his/ her ability to
solve or resolve problems related to the
subject matter, the work, or the project.
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
THREE STAGES OF SCAFFOLDING
67
1. Persons Involved – wear PPE
2. Site Specific Hazards Identification
STAGE 1: BUILDING SCAFFOLDS
Erectors
 Classification of Scaffolds
 Inspect all scaffold parts before use (cracks, dents, bends, breaks, corrosion & bad welds)
 Condition of fittings (distorted, stripped, missing, bent parts)  Condition of scaffold planks (cracks, splits)
 Damaged scaffold (tagged, set aside, repaired or replaced)
(according to ANSI A10.8: 200 lbs / worker and 50 lbs for weight of tools)
STAGE 1: BUILDING SCAFFOLDS
3. Erection of scaffolds
 Supervised by competent person 4. Means of safe Access
 Frame scaffolds
 Fully planked
5. Fall protection systems and falling object protection
SELECTION OF A
SCAFFOLDING SYSTEM
Basic considerations
 Weight of workers, tools, materials and equipment
 Site conditions
 Height of scaffold
 Type of work that will be done
 Duration of work
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TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SELECTION OF A
SCAFFOLDING SYSTEM
 Weather conditions
 Requirements for pedestrian traffic
 Means of access to the scaffold
 Configuration of the building or structure
being worked on
 Special erection or dismantling circumstances
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
CLASSIFICATION OF
SCAFFOLDS
 Supported Scaffolds are platforms supported by legs,

outrigger, beams, brackets, poles, uprights, posts, frames,
or similar rigid support.
 Suspended Scaffolds contains one or more platforms

suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an
overhead structure.
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDS
Mobile or Rolling Scaffold Wood Pole Scaffold

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TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDS
Tube and Coupler Frame Scaffold
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDS
Outrigger Scaffold
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDS
System
Scaffold
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SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDS
FRAME SCAFFOLDS
Assure Stability
 Base Plates  Mud Sills  Firm
Foundation Plumbed and braced to
prevent swaying and
displacement
FRAME SCAFFOLDS
Unstable Objects may

not be used to support
scaffolds
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TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
FRAME SCAFFOLDS
Capacity
 Four (4) times the maximum
intended load
Braces
 Frames and panels must be
connected by cross, horizontal
or diagonal braces
 Plumbed and leveled
 Secured to prevent dislodging

TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
suppoits weight
MOBILE SCAFFOLDS
Mobile or Rolling Scaffolds which

need to be moved frequently
should be equipped with castors
or wheels.
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SCAFFOLD PLATFORM
Platforms must:
 be fully planked
or decked with
no more than 1
inch gaps
 be able to
& 4 times rt
maximum load
 be at least 18
inches wide This is not a properly
constructed scaffold
72
 Deflection < 1/60 of span,
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SCAFFOLD PLATFORM
 No large gaps in front
edge of platforms
 Each abutted end of plank
must rest on a separate
support surface
 Overlap platforms at least
12 inches over supports,
unless restrained to
prevent movement
 Planks not
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L properly
overlapped
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SCAFFOLD PLATFORM
 No paint on wood platforms

 Use scaffold grade wood
 Fully
planked between front upright
and guardrail support
 Component pieces used must match
and be of the same type
 Erect on stable and level ground
 Lock wheels and braces
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
PLATFORM ENDS
Each end of a platform,

unless cleated or otherwise
restrained by hooks, must
extend over its support by
at least 6 inches
NO
CLEATS
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SCAFFOLD HEIGHT
The height of the

scaffold should not
be more than four
times its minimum
base dimension
unless guys, ties,
or braces are used
SUPPORTED SCAFFOLDS
Higher than 4:1 ratio, should be restrained from tipping by ties and
braces.
• 4:1 height from bottom and top most

• Vertically:
every 20 feet for scaffolds 3 feet wide every 26 feet for scaffolds more than 3 feet wide
• Horizontally every 30 feet from one end

SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDS
Support Device rest on surfaces capable of

supporting at least four times the load imposed Counterweights
 Must be able to resist at least four times the tipping moment
 Secured mechanically to outrigger arm  Made of non-flowable materials
 Tiebacks must be installed
Guardrails or personal fall arrest system or both
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SUSPENDED SCAFFOLDS Suspension Ropes:

 Support at least 6 times maximum load  Drum hoists must contain at least 4 wraps of
rope at the lowest point
 Wire rope must be replaced under the following conditions:
 6 randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay
 One third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost  Heat damage
 Physical damage such as kinks, flattening
PROPER SCAFFOLD ACCESS End Frame Do not

access
Provide access when scaffold platforms
are more than 2 feet above or below
a point of access
Permitted types of access:  Ladders, such as portable, hook-on, attachable, stairway type, and built ins  Stair towers
 Ramps and
walkways
May use building stairs and come out
window
ACCESS
 No access by cross
braces
 When using ladders,
bottom rung no more
than 24 inches high
 Can use some end
frames
 Can access from
another scaffold, by cross braces
structure or hoist
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1. Select the right ladder for the job.

2. Inspect ladder before you use it.
3. Setup the ladder with care.
TEMPORARY
4. Climb and descend ladders cautiously.
STRUCTURES
LADDERS
 Used as work platform only when in use of small
hand tools and handling of light materials.
 Shall be of sufficient length and be placed such that
worker will not stretch
 Damaged ladders shall be removed and tagged
“unsafe” or “destroyed”
 Positioned at 1 horizontal to 4 vertical
 With handhold of at least 2.5 feet
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
FIVE RULES OF LADDER SAFETY
 Face ladder and hold on with both hands.

 Carry tools on belt or raise and lower with hand
line.
 Check shoes and rungs for slippery surfaces.
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
FIVE RULES OF LADDER

SAFETY 5. Use safe practices when working on a ladder.
 Always hold on with one hand and never reach

too far to either side or rear to maintain balance.
 Never climb higher than second step from top on
a stepladder or third from the top on a straight
ladder.
 Never attempt to move, shift, or extend ladder
while in use.
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STAGE 2: USING SCAFFOLDS

 Training
of personnel in the proper use of the scaffold and hazards
associated
 Establish and communicate jobsite rules
 Put in writing
 Taught to all employees
 Part of the safety culture
TRAINING AREAS
 Nature of hazards (e.g. electrical, fall and falling objects)  Correct procedures for
the following:
 Erecting
 Dismantling
 Moving
 Operating
 Repairing
 Inspecting
 Maintaining the type of scaffolds
SCAFFOLDING DO’S AND DON’TS
CONSTRUCTION:
 Scaffold should be plumbed as well as leveled  Place scaffold standards or
frames systematically on sole boards.
 Don’t use bending stresses to scaffold members.
 Arrange tubes so that they converge at the same nodal points.
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TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SCAFFOLDING DO’S AND DON’TS
 Don’t cover a scaffold with a sheeting unless it is

designed to be used for such purpose.
 Insert a temporary tie or brace before removing any tie
or brace from the scaffold.
 Replace tie or brace after you have finished your job.
 Remove all materials and loose objects from a mobile
scaffold before moving the scaffold.
 Don’t ride on a mobile scaffold. Push only from the
ground level.
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SCAFFOLDING
LOADING:
 Don’t overload any scaffold or
platform  Spread out the load on a
platform. If necessary,
place concentrated load as near the standard as
possible.
TEMPORARY
STRUCTURES
SCAFFOLD INSPECTION
Competent person
inspects scaffolds for
visible defects before
each shift and after any
alterations
Defective parts must be

immediately repaired
Deformed bearer
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STAGE 3: REMOVING /
DISMANTLING OF SCAFFOLDS
 Must be done by trained personnel
 Proceed in reverse order to its
erection
 Workers should wear a safety harness
and lanyard tied off to a secured anchor
before attempting to loosen stuck or
jammed parts.
 Do not hammer or pry apart the
scaffold components.
 Scaffold components should be
maintained
DO’S AND DON’T’S  Don’t throw scaffold members from height.
 Don’t dismantle the scaffold unless you know the sequence.

Instability and collapse may result from the removal of the wrong
tie or the
premature
removal of
certain
members.
DO’S AND DON’T’S
 Don’t stand length of tubes or frames against wall nor leave

them unattended.
 Don’t straighten deformed tubes or frames by heating.
Excessively bent tubes should be discarded.
 Don’t use excessively corroded tubes or frames
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DO’S AND DON’T’S
 Don’t mix different systems in the same scaffolds.
 Use
sufficient quantity of components for scaffolds.
SCAFFTAG PROCEDURE
 Scafftagis an internationally used scaffold safety system

and through its simplicity, encourage and controls the
safety of scaffolding and of those who erect or
dismantle and use it.
 A visual warning system to display the status (i.e.
safe vs. unsafe ) of scaffolding.
SCAFFTAG SAMPLES
 Scafftag is an internationally used scaffold safety
system and through its simplicity, encourage and
controls the safety of scaffolding and of those who
erect or dismantle and use it.
 A visual warning system to display the status (i.e.
safe vs. unsafe ) of
scaffolding.
80

HSS COSH Day 2 - HO

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11/03/2021

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering – 1984 UE Manila

Integrated Management System - Internal Auditor

Infrastructure, Manufacturing, Oil and Gas and Hydro

Electric Power Plant) GENARO RESUTA 1030-052917-0174

 Bachelor of science in marine transportation

 Environmental Health and Safety Superintendent (Level III)

ANGEL PLANTADO JR.

PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS Bachelor of Science- Business Administration National College of

Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Corporate Project Management Group Achievement

Project Delivery Group Performance Awardee

Qualified Integrated Management System Auditor ISO

RAMONCITO VITERBO 1033-

• 12 years work experience in Construction Industry

• Eighteen (18) years of project/ work experience,

• Occupational Health Nurse |1033 – 141020 –N-0494

• Bachelor of Science in Maritime Industry

JUANITO P. CUERQUEZ 1033-200306-N-0141

• Bachelor of Science in Nursing

• DOLE OSH Practitioner | 1033-180411-N-0892

LORENZO B. MELENDEZ JR. R.N.

PSSPPAI – CSSP Batch 03-2019 CSSP – 741

• Bachelor of Science in Occupational Therapy

RHYAN R. NANIONG No.

• Bachelor of Science Information Technology

• Safety Trainor | Training of Trainers

A Trench and an Excavation is the

______________ involves the use of prefabricated, protective

______________ involves the use of cross braces and jacks.

______________ involves angling back the material in a

______________ involves angling back the material in a

QUIZ REVIEW What will blue, circular signs with

a. That a certain action in the area is prohibited

a) That there is a hazard nearby and caution

What will blue, circular signs with white

What will triangular, yellow signs with

should be taken/you should not proceed

b) That the use of PPE in the area is

d) That you should only enter with a

QUIZ REVIEW What will triangular, yellow signs with

black pictograms typically indicate?

a)That there is a hazard nearby and caution should be

QUIZ REVIEW What will red circular signs with a diagonal

line through them and black pictograms

That the hazards present within the area are

That certain actions are prohibited

That your employer should accompany you on entry

QUIZ REVIEW What will red circular signs with a diagonal

line through them and black pictograms

That the hazards present within the area are

That certain actions are prohibited

That your employer should accompany you on entry

What will square or rectangular, green

QUIZ REVIEW What will square or rectangular, red

signs with white pictograms typically

That you are entering a seriously hazardous environment

They will help you locate and identify firefighting equipment

QUIZ REVIEW What will square or rectangular, red

signs with white pictograms typically

That you are entering a seriously hazardous environment

They will help you locate and identify firefighting equipment

At the end of this module, participants should be able to: