‘The Gravity Model The grovily mode| is much like Newtor’s theory of gravity Tre qravitl, Model assumes thot the trips produced at an origin and attracted fo 0 destination are directly proportional to the total Trip productions at the origin ard fhe total attractions Gh the destination. The calibrating term or “Friction, factor" (FY represents the reluctance or impedance of persons to make" trips of Notious duration or distances. The ganeral friction factor indicates tHat as travel times increase, travelers ate increasingly less lively to rake trips of such lengths. Calpration of the gravity model involves adjusting the friction factor: The socerconomic adjustinent facor 6 on adjustment factor for individual tp interchanges. An important consideration in developing tne gravity ‘model is" balancing” productions and attroctions. Bolancing means that the total productions and attractions for a study area are equal: Standard form of gravity. model Ty> ROA: Fy: KiB AL Fy Kgl] here: Ty= tips produced at (and altracted at J R= total trip production at i A\= total trip attraction ot j Fae a Value which is an inverse function of travel time Kia secioegoromic. adjustment factor tar interchange ijDoubly constramed gravity model: Aje = CA) Aigo) Gueiy here: Aix? adjusted ottroction factor for attraction ore; Ai > Aj when ke! Gp > aclual attraction (column) for zone |, iteration . Ay = desived attraction, total for attraction aone (clumn), attraction zone number jr 1,2. A? number of domes k> iteration ruimber ke 1,2,.. m m= number of Herations Exarnple Required: Determine the trip distribution matrix. using " Gravity Medel of transport system with the given data: Trp Production of Zones 1,2, 3, correspondingly are 500,00, and 400 trips per day (pd) Trip Miraction of Zones 4,2, 3, correspondingly are 00, 100, and 600 trips per day, pd) Trovel firme Cmottix) Delween ones in, minutes Tone 7 2 5 4 10 30 40 2 10 20 30 3 10 10. 0Trove! time versus friction factor Travel Time in minutes FE to 60 20 50 30 35 40 30 50 20 Solution: Tr 500 (600% 50)) (00x50 4 700x 35 4 600x301 207 Ti-2= DOLCO0K35)/ (600% 50 + 10035 4 OO0xB0V= 109 Teo? DOOL(6O0x 30) (00 x 504 F00x25 4 00x 30) 124 Tar = GOOTLG00%00)/ (000% 60+ 100% 50 + GODx 35° 235 Te-a> GDOL(FOOx 50 (00x 6D + 700x 50 4 600% 35)? 22% Ta-3* G00 [(000x 35) (00x 60 + 100x 50 600 x 351-137 Tar = 8000600 x 50)/ (600 5D + FOr GO 4 LOOX 20)" 246 Ta-2= SOOLLIO0 x HO)/ (600% 5 + 700x 6O 4 bO0x WI 400 Ter3 = $0000 x 2OM(GO0x 50 + 100 x60 + b00x 20y)° 114Current Matrix jestinotion Origin. [Zone a Z 5 O Gente 1 207 | 4 404 | 500 500 a 235 | 228 |131 | 000 600 g 2% | 40 | 144 | $00 00 20 728 «| T4t 1375 [1900 Given 2D |600 | 700 | 600 1900 Doubly constrained gravity model Caqjusted offraction tector) Ay (00 600)724 = 495 Aa= 00x O49 = GI5 As= (b00x 0d)! 515 = 160 Ter OOTCAIS x 50) 1495 x50 + 15x35 4 Ox DYI= 165 Ta = 500 (5 ¥ 35) C5 x 5O + 61595 + 100 x 30U 143 Tex = FOOL (WO x70)! (495 x 50 461535 4 00 xZ0= 192 Tor = GOOLAMS y60)/ 495 x60 + 615% 50 + WoOx 3VJ> 144 Taz = GOOTIL1S x 50445 x60 + 645 x50 4 900% 35)0= 196 Tas? GUOLCAWO% 35) (495 x00 + WI x50 + 160x350 214 Tor = BOOTS x 50)/(495x 50 + 5 x 60 + IbOx20)1- 245 Tarr? OOTLLA5 00D (495450 ¢ 615 x 00 + oO x 2OV]= 305 To-97 OOL(40x20)/(495 450 4.615 60 + 160% 20 170Origin Origin latriy Destination ‘Tone 1 1 3 [40 Gren 20 a 4b5 | 143 | 492 | 500 | 500 Z 187 | 1% | 204 | 54 600 5 145, «| 365 1490 | $00 <00 20 59 | WH | 5% | 189 Given 2D |G00 | 400 | G00 1900 Well Balanced Matrix Destination Tore 1 7 3 740 JGnenZ0 aL 465 | 143 |392 | 500 500 q 187 | 1% 1215 | 600 | Goo 3 Wo | 361 |293 | 800 | KOO aD 660 | 700 | GOD |1900 GnenéD | GOV | 700 | Goo 190