ECCN EAR99 DEP 31.22.20.31-Gen.

February 2011
Page 24

4.11.1 Unless otherwise specified by the Principal, flat heads shall be attached by full penetration
welds, or by bolting.
4.11.2 Flat heads secured by retaining rings or similar methods shall not be used.

4.12 NOZZLES, CONNECTIONS AND OPENINGS

4.12.1 Unless otherwise specified by the Principal, all connections shall be flanged with through
studs, or specified with a butt weld end connection.
4.12.2 Nozzle necks shall be a minimum of DN 40 (NPS 1½). Reducers may be installed in
accordance with Standard Drawing S 10.101.
4.12.3 Nozzle necks SHALL [PS] be a minimum thickness of Schedule Standard Pipe plus
corrosion allowance with the following exceptions:
a) Carbon steel or low alloy nozzles DN 80 (NPS 3) or less SHALL [PS] be minimum
schedule 160 when the operating temperature of the vessel is between 0 °C (32 °F)
and 175 °C (350 °F).
b) Austenitic stainless steel or other high alloy nozzles DN 80 (NPS 3) or less shall be
minimum schedule 80S.
4.12.4 Nozzle sizes of DN 32 (NPS 1¼), DN 65 (NPS 2½), DN 90 (NPS 3½) and DN 125 (NPS 5)
shall not be used.
4.12.5 Flanges used for nozzles shall be in accordance with the following:
a) ASME B16.5 for nozzle sizes through DN 600 (through NPS 24)
b) ASME B16.47 Series B or ASME Section VIII design for nozzle sizes DN 650
through DN 1500 (NPS 26 through NPS 60), as specified by the Principal. Series A
is permitted when required to flange to equipment supplied with a Series A flange,
or when analysis shows rotation is acceptable with a Rigidity Index < 1.0 in
accordance with ASME Section VIII.
c) ASME Section VIII design for nozzles larger than DN 1500 (NPS 60)
d) Flange facing shall be in accordance with ASME B16.5. Flanges shall have raised
face unless otherwise specified by the Principal.
4.12.6 Flange selection SHALL [PS] be in accordance with Annexes, I, II, III or IV, as applicable.
Custom-designed lap joint flanges may be appropriate for the service of the pressure
vessel and may be used if approved or specified by the Principal. To aid in the bolt-up of
custom-designed lap joint flanges, retainer clips shall be installed to the external surface of
the nozzle neck, not less than 13 mm (½ in) below the flange when the nozzle is vertical.
4.12.7 Flange boltholes shall straddle the normal centrelines of the vessel.
4.12.8 Openings in vessels shall be the following minimum distances from any major structural
discontinuity, where D is the nozzle outside diameter and tmin is the minimum required
thickness of the shell or head being analyzed.
0.5
a) The greater of 1.8(D*tmin) or 50 mm (2 in) for vessels in either cyclic or creep
service.
b) The lesser of 1.8(D*tmin)0.5 or 50 mm (2 in) for all other vessels
4.12.9 Where a nozzle cannot avoid a circumferential or longitudinal weld seam, the follow
requirements shall be met:
a) The nozzle shall straddle the weld seam by a length of at least 50 mm (2 in) or 2
tmin, whichever is greater. This distance shall be measured on the I.D. of the nozzle
along the circumferential axis and the longitudinal axis.
0.5
b) The weld seam shall receive 100 % RT for a distance of [1.8(D tmin) + D/2],
measured from the centre of the nozzle, where D is the nozzle outside diameter.
Automated UT may be substituted for RT.