DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS:

As we discuss the heat treatment on the steel, we see the different between the
three methods of it are Annealing, Normalizing, Hardening (Quenched).
And the different comes with how we cool the steel after we apply the heat
on it:

A. Annealing is a method of heat treatment that can change the structure of the
metal, it is done by putting the sample in the oven that is 925C and remain
there until the heat inside the sample reach the heat of its surface and kept
the sample holding (soaking) for a certain time until it is cooling very slowly
at room temperature inside the oven after it is turned off. Also Annealing is
used to relieve stresses, increase ductility and modify the microstructure.
The annealed structure normally contains coarse grains of ferrite and pearlite
as .

B. Normalizing is another method of heat treatment that can change the

structure of the metal , it is done by putting the sample in the oven that is
925C and remain there until the heat inside the sample reach the heat of its
surface and kept the sample holding (soaking) for a certain time but the
cooling in this method is different from the other methods it is cooling to
room temperature in still air , the target of the normalizing heat treatment is
to improve the mechanical properties of the material by refining the
microstructure . Also, the Normalizing is a simple heat treatment obtained
by austenitizing and air cooling to produce a fine pearlite structure also as
we see the grains are taking the medium size between the three structures.

C. Hardening is another method of heat treatment that can change the structure
of the metal , it is done by putting the sample in the oven that is 925 C and
remain there until the heat inside the sample reach the heat of its surface and
kept the sample holding (soaking) for a certain time but the cooling in this
method is also different from the other methods , It is done by quenching
the specimen using quenching tools, which include ice water, brine or oil.
The using of this treatment will lead to a change in the mechanical
properties, as well as a rise in the degree of toughness, resulting in a
stronger, more robust component. This new phase has body centered
tetragonal structure. Also, the grains are taking the biggest size between the
three structures.