A Report on

A secured biometric voting system using RFID linked with

The Aadhar database

Submitted in the partial fulfilment of

Project assignment
By
Name PRN
Anik Mukherjee 20030241005
Shreya Gandhi 20030241041
Souvik Pyne 20030241044
Subhajit Ghosh 20030241045
Susmita Paul 20030241047

Division A
Batch 2020-22
Subject Internet of Things
Semester II
Date 30th March 2021
Submitted to Dr Hemraj S. L.
Abstract - The only way that people can
affect decision-making in a representative
democracy is by voting. It has always been
a tedious task for the election commission
to conduct a fair election. More over huge
amount of money is spent to maintain this
whole infrastructure. The problem in the
existing system is that there are no recent
security measures on electronic voting
machines in which voters could check
their identity before voting as a result
false voter can cast multiple duplicates
and counterfeit votes. Our proposed
system could easily mitigate all these
issues by implementing two factor
authentications before an applicant can
cast a vote, one by scanning the RFID tag
which will replace the current voter card
and by biometric scanning to confirm the
identity which will be mapped with the
Aadhar database. This will ensure that the
voting rights are accessed by a legitimate
user and will avoid fake, repeated voting.
In case an unauthorized applicant tries to
cast vote, our system will block that RFID
tag will raise alert for impersonating and
illegal voting. Even all the vote casted will
be directly tracked into the database
mapped with the Aadhar number. The
system not only improves the voting
counting method but will also provide
maximum security and reliability as well.
Keywords- RFID, Biometrics, Database
1. INTRODUCTION
The chief election commissioner HS
Brahma in 2015 reported that in India
roughly 85 million names were either false
or duplicate in the electoral rolls of India.
Even there are lot of theories which
explains that vote has been casted by the
people who are already been dead. All this
clearly portrays how inefficient our current
system is and how we are misled from our
basic democratic voting rights to choose
government. In order to address all these
problems, we need to incorporate secured
biometric approach for identification and
authorizing purpose. For this we have
chosen human fingerprint which is
considered as a very popular identifier that
can provide a fast, simple, cost-effective
and safe measure to authenticate a person
with the correct access privileges.
Even research done by computer scientists
at the Commerce Department's National
Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST)Study Shows Computerized
Fingerprint Matching is extremely precise
and Accurate. The performance depends
on the extent to which fingerprints were
matched by a particular person. The best
system shows that accuracy is 98.6% on
single finger tests, 99.6% on two-finger
tests and 99.9% on tests involving four or
more fingers and the precision values were
obtained at a 0.01 percent false positive
rate.
Another method of individual
identification is Radio-frequency
identification (RFID) which uses
electromagnetic fields to automatically
identify the stored information. It is quite
similar to barcode scanning but it is more
secure and reliable. RFID comprised of
three components an RFID tag, RFID
reader and an antenna. The tags have a
built-in circuit and an antenna that is often
called an interrogator to relay data to
readers. The reader then transforms the
radio waves into more functional data
form. The data from the tags is then passed
on to a host computer system through a
communication interface, where the data
can be saved in a database and analyzed
later.
Our model proposed that during election,
for the initial authorization the voter has to
swipe his/her RFID card. This will check
the unique identification number (UIN)
mapped with the Aadhar database and will
activate the system. Followed by this, the
user has to provide the thumb impression
as input to the system. If the particular
pattern matches with one of the available
records in the Aadhar database then only
access is granted to cast a vote. But in case
the pattern doesn’t match with the records
of the Aadhar database or in case of
repetitive votes, access to a vote is denied
or the vote gets rejected for that particular
number. This will ensure a smooth and
transparent voting process. In addition to
the immediate election outcome, the total
expense of holding elections would be
reduced.
2. ELECTRONIC VOTING
SYSTEM
The Electronic Voting Machine (EVM)
can be controlled with the help of
controllers, machines and computerized
voting equipment in order to facilitate the
voting process in an election. There are
two modules in EVM, one is the control
unit and one is the voting unit. A five-
meter cable connects the two systems.
Voters can vote through the voting unit,
while the control unit controls the voting
units, stores voting numbers and displays
results on seven LED displays.
Fig-
The control unit is run by one of the
officers at the polling booth, while the
balloting unit is handled in private by the
voter. The officer checks the ID of the
voting person and electronically unlocks
the voting machine for a new vote. Once
the voter enters the vote, the balloting unit
displays the list of voting candidates to the
voter, and records it in its memory. An
instruction of close command is provided
by a polling stand officer from the control
unit to lock the voting unit in order to
avoid repeated votes. The procedure is
reversed as the next elector appears before
the polling stand officer with a new ID.
2.1 DRAWBACKS
Some of the drawbacks of the current
EVM are as follows: -
 Great risk that the wrong imitator
since the identification process of
voters is manual.
 Big chance of illegalizes voting
since External chip is used to store
the votes.
 Continuous power supply is
needed.
 Requires large amount employing
staffs to manage this whole
infrastructure.
 Tampering in the control unit of
EVM is quite easy.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
The Block diagram consists of 4 major
parts
 Fingerprint Module - In order for
each elector to recognize
themselves, the fingerprint sensor
is interfaced to a microcontroller.
The module is composed of
fingerprint optical sensor, DSP
processor and flash memory. For
example, finger print module R305
has been used for basic prototype.
 RFID Module- This module is
made up of an RFID reader module
interface microcontroller to read
RFID cards. The RFID cards have
a unique ID that can specifically
 recognizes each elector which in
turn will be linked with the Aadhar
WORK FLOW OF OUR MODEL
database. For example, RC522 has
been used for building the
prototype which consists of a RFID
reader, RFID card and a key chain.
It operates on frequency range of
13.56MHz which is industrial
(ISM) band and operates at 3.3V.

 Voting Unit- It consist of the

Polling keypad, Buzzer and the
LCD display. This unit is only
activated if the RFID card and
biometric scan have detected an
individual elector after checking
from the database. For example,
LCD module LCD1602 and Buzzer
Module KY-012 is used for
building the prototype.

 Power Supply - Power Supply

consists of a step-down transformer
and diodes connected to form a
bridge rectifier to generate a
constant 5v supply. In case of
emergency 5v batteries can also be
added.

Fig –

We have proposed that that paper voter

card should be replaced with the RDID tag
which contains a UIN mapped with our
Aadhar database. So, when a voter goes to
the polling booth to vote he/she has to
swipe this card to get access. If the UNI
number doesn’t match with our database,
then a alert will be raised and the person
Fig – will not be allowed to enter the polling
booth further. If the UIN number matches,
then the person gets his entry where he has
to give his digital thumb impression. If the
thumb impression doesn’t match then
again, an alert is raised and the UIN
number against that particular RFID card
is blocked