Pia Angeli T.

Reyes BSMT 1-1 HAPP: Journal Research on Integumentary System

Source: Management of burns in the elderly (nih.gov)

P I C O
Population Patient I nt e r v e n t i o n Comparison Outcome
Problem or Exposure

The elderly population  The development of effective  the number of burns among The surgical and
in general is at higher fluid resuscitation regimens elderly patients is expected medical interventions
risk for burn injury, is one of the cornerstones of to increase, particularly used remain
moreover mortality rate, modern burn treatment; it when more elderly people controversial, and
as well as severity of has most directly improved suffer from burn injuries debates are ongoing.
complications, is more patient survival. compared to younger In addition,
pronounced in this  It aims to prevent decreased individuals improvements in burn
group of patients tissue perfusion, multiple   in a cross-sectional study management and
organ failure, sepsis and that among patients accompanying
mortality, and the principal undergoing skin grafting, reduction in mortality
goal to optimize cardiac 93.8% of patients with a warrants addressing the
preload has been shown to normal prealbumin level had quality of life of the
overestimate the fluid needs complete healing, compared patient, focusing also on
in burned patients. to only 44.4% of those with rehabilitation and
 Parkland formula is the most low levels support.
widely used  Nutritional support of elderly
patients with burn injuries is
challenging, as wound
healing is impaired
compared to younger
patients
Pia Angeli T. Reyes BSMT 1-1 HAPP: Journal Research on Integumentary System

Source: Impetigo Herpetiformis: Review of Pathogenesis, Complication, and Treatment (hindawi.com)

P I C O
Population Patient I nt e r v e n t i o n Comparison Outcome
Problem or Exposure

 diagnosed by  there is no specific guideline and the  According to the board It seems to be a
characteristic lesions evidence for efficacy of treatments is of the National variant of pustular
of erythematous poor Psoriasis Foundation, psoriasis that has
 possible teratogenicity of the drugs is a genetic,
patches and grouped infliximab is one of the
challenge
pustules mostly in the best therapies for IH; immunological, and
 Fluid and electrolytes imbalances
third trimester of especially hypovolemia, hypocalcemia, however, this is biochemical milieu
pregnancy and and low level of vitamin D should contrary to the and may pose a
usually resolves after be corrected promptly guideline of the major risk to both
delivery; however,  Systemic corticosteroids that have European Academy of mother and fetus.
there is the possibility been historically used in the treatment Dermatology and Due to rarity of the
of recurrence in the of pustular psoriasis remain the Venereology that does disease, there is no
following pregnancies mainstay of treatment not advocate the use of controlled study or
 It is currently  Cyclosporine is a therapeutic option in adalimumab or guideline for
considered as a form patients unresponsive to corticosteroids. infliximab during treatment
 Also antibiotic therapy, Anti TNF- pregnancy. There are
of generalized
α drugs, systemic retinoid reports of refractory
pustular psoriasis
administration, and methotrexate cases of psoriasis and
despite the previous
administration can be done
opinion that IH treated by infliximab
 NBUVB is considered a safe option
illustrated it to be a during pregnancy with
during pregnancy and it can be added
separate entity to therapy when there is not an favorable outcomes 
adequate response to corticosteroids
 PUVA is relatively safe and its
administration has caused no increase
in the risk of congenital malformations
or infant mortality, but it may result in
low birth weight infants
Pia Angeli T. Reyes BSMT 1-1 HAPP: Journal Research on Integumentary System

Source: 197-1591020684.pdf (jcreview.com)

P I C O
P o p u l a ti o n P a ti e n t I n t e r v e n ti o n Comparison Outcome
Problem or Exposure

Acne is a common Several methods have been  Many studies have  There are no
disease that is more used for acne scarring investigated the efficacy comprehensive
common in treatment: of combination guidelines available
adolescents, with 1. Silicone-based therapies for therapeutic method to to optimize acne
hypertrophic scars treat acne scars
more than 80% of scar treatment.
treatment  PRP combined with
the cases and 5% of 2. Corticosteroid injections for ablative fractional CO2 There are various
older people treatment of hypertrophic laser was investigated for multiple
and keloids scars acne scars treatment by management
3. Laser therapy for scar investigative clinical trial options, both
treatment results and patient medical and
4. Fluorouracil for scar improvement rates were surgical, and laser
treatment significantly increased devices are useful in
5. Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) for after combination laser obtaining significant
scar treatment and vascular and PRP than laser alone
improvement.
proliferation  adding to the
 Further research is
6. Micro needling for skin microneedling was
regeneration by producing investigated for acne needed to quantify
collagen and elastin scars treatment and they the benefits and to
7. Chemical peeling showed the PRP addition establish the
8. Radiofrequency for skin to microneedling duration of the
regeneration improves acne scar and effects, the cost-
9. Dermabrasion for furthermore improves effective ratio of
homeostasis subjective patient different
10.Subcision method for satisfaction treatments, and the
atrophic scars
evaluation of the
11.Cosmetic filler
psychological
12.Mesotherapy as a
rejuvenation technique improvement and
13.Carboxy therapy for acne the quality of life of
scars patients
Pia Angeli T. Reyes BSMT 1-1 HAPP: Journal Research on Integumentary System

Source: Association between breastfeeding and eczema during childhood and adolescence: A cohort study
(plos.org)

P I C O
P o p u l a ti o n P a ti e n t I n t e r v e n ti o n Comparison Outcome
Problem or Exposure

 assessed duration  mothers extended duration of  Prevalence of current  There was no

of breastfeeding in breastfeeding because their eczema decreased from strong evidence
children aged children had eczema 36% in 1-year-olds to 18% in for an effect
1–4 years.   investigated the association children aged 10–17 years modification by
Prevalence of between having been  Compared with children who parental atopy
eczema was breastfed and current eczema had never been breastfed, (p-value for
determined by using generalized estimating the adjusted odds ratios for interaction term
questionnaire equations, adjusting for current eczema at any age was 0.061) and
surveys that were potential confounders, and were 1.02 (95% confidence no association
repeated until the tested for effect modification by interval 0.90–1.15) for between having
children were 17 parental atopy. We also children who had been been breastfed
years old assessed the association breastfed for 0–3 months, and incident
 available evidence between having been 0.97 (0.82–1.13) for children eczema later in
is conflicting and breastfed and incident eczema breastfed for 4–6 months, childhood
subject to the at ages 2, 4, and 6 years using and 0.98 (0.85–1.14) for  no evidence for
influences of multivariable logistic children breastfed for >6 protection of
parental atopy and regression. months breastfeeding
reverse causation against
childhood
eczema at any
age, from infancy
through
adolescence
Pia Angeli T. Reyes BSMT 1-1 HAPP: Journal Research on Integumentary System

Source: JoF | Free Full-Text | Onychomycosis: A Review | HTML (mdpi.com)

P I
P o p u l a ti o n P a ti e n t
Problem
 most common nail
infective disorder,
and it is responsible
for about 50% of all
consultations for nail
disorders.
Onychomycosis has
been reported as a
gender- and age-
related disease,
being more
prevalent in males
and increasing with
age in both genders
 In the elderly,
onychomycosis may
have an incidence
>40%
I n t e r v e n ti o n
or Exposure
Treatment of onychomycosis
depends on the clinical type,
the number of involved nails
and the severity of the
infection:
1. topical antifungal
2. Photosensitizers for
photodynamic therapy
(PDT)
3. carbon dioxide laser,
Nd:YAG laser and the
diode 870-nm, 930-nm
laser  and systemic treatment
4. continuous terbinafine and
itraconazole pulse therapy   efinaconazole was more
5. Fluconazole, itraconazole
and terbinafine have a good
safety profile
6. Posaconazole and
albaconazole are new
drugs that could be
alternative therapy options
C O
Comparison Outcome
 difficulties in the  needs a targeted
interpretation of false treatment
positives from true  patients present with a
fungal fluorescence and DLSO due to
the lower specificity dermatophytes involving
compared with PAS and the distal part of one or
other special stains two great toenails, and the
 topical antifungals have treatment of choice is
a limited efficacy if used topical application of
without nail plate antifungals, possibly
debridement associated with periodic
 combination of both oral removal of the affected
nail plate
is often the best choice   For DLSO extending to
the proximal nail, PSO due
effective at treating the to dermatophytes and
early stage of the deeply infiltrating white
disease superficial onychomycosis,
recommend systemic
treatment with fluconazole,
itraconazole or terbinafine.
 Further studies on lasers
and photodynamic therapy
are needed before use can
be standardized