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Fluid Power Formulas
Fluid Power Formulas
ONEFCUBIC
FLUID POWER FORMULAS
F . - FOOT
- _ OF flUID
THEORETICAl TOROUE TO ORIVE GRAVITY
FORCE
flOW (fXJUnds)
xRATE (GPM) lllPUT
ACTUAl HORSEPO'NER
TOROUE TO231
DRIVE
==~ .32080
=
=!!k~
= 100
EIf,'CL xx OF = 2!!.§.
= rPRESSURE
.3208
RPM
FlO'N
=
OUTPUT xx PUMP
RATE
.2253xSUS-~
.2193
VOLUMETRIC
XACTUAL
PRESSURE
.!:.x DIAMETER'
RADIUS> (PSI)
flOW
OUTPUT xxR.I,TEOUTPUT
"VOLUME
250,000
xxx134.6
RATE FLOW
ADDITIONAL
HORSEPOWER
SUS flOW
Elf.
_
(psi)
(psi)
\JSPECIFIC
lapprox.)
THROUGH
DISPlACEMENT
(GFM) (GPM)
=xAREA
WORD FORMULA
FORMULA:
VOLUME
(Inches)
(Inches)
NET x OF
100
MECHANICAL 1.0.
(Cu.
PRESSURE
Oil
(Square (GPM)
In.lRev.)
231
(GPMJ
Elf
UNDER x(psi)
100
m
= IfiP= =
UNIT
1714 U/IIT
PRESSURE
Inct.es) SUSA INTERNAl
TIME
AREA
THEORETICAl
===Y..
SUS
1714 =A
1714
8M
AOf
A62.4283
4TElf
4.635
pv 712(Minute)
HP"
(Square
••1xpSIAREA
FLOW (Square
Inches)
RATE
1714E1fNEVI
EFFICIE/ICY
lETTER FORMULA
Inches){GPMJ
OUTPUT
SPEED {RPM}
flEW PRESSURE (PSI)
0
(Ov-r:raU)
Approximately
FORMULA: J
(e., X
EIf.EOt EIf.EO! TTHED Elf",
F =psixAorF=PA
TACT. O",ro
BULK MODULUS THE FLUID FORCE
x 100 CIP) = VELOCITYPRESSURE
AREA
SPECIAC
CElITISTOKES
OVERAll
CEIITISTOKES
HORSEPOWER
MECHANICAL
flOW
VOLUMETRIC
CENTISTOKES
--1- FACTOR
VALVE
AREA
GRAVITY
EFACIENCY ) 100
EFFICIENCY
INPUT
EFFICIENCY VOLUME
SG A
0c.s
VA=
P
V
=
CS
HP =
Elfa,
EIf~.
c.,
_W_
= r[»
=~(Gallons)
BASIC· FORMULAS
.2253 orASUS
=_ _.78S[»
25O,ooolapprox.)
.2193
= a VSG
SUS _O_P or194.4
GPM
134.6 RPMM
\/2%x psi PH
Per 1000 psi
In Inch Pounds
TOROUE/loo psi - = F.M. DISPLACEMENT (Cu. Inches/RevotuDon)
.0628
n
HP
T,= Tn
2310
-- =
=-d-63025
d
.0628
THERMAL FORMULAS
NOTE: ONE BRITISH THERMAL UNIT (BTU) IS THE AMOUNT OF HEAT REOUIREDTO RAISE THE TEMPERATURE OF ONE POUND OF WATER OIlE OEGREEF.AHRENHBT.ONE HORSEPOWER = 2545 BTU/HR.
RESERVOIR COOUNG CAPACITY HEAT (BTU/HR) = 2 x TEMPERATURE OJFFERENCEBffi'/EEN RESERVOIRWAlLS AND AIR (oF)
x AREA OF RESERVOIR(SO. Ft) BTUIHR = 2.0 x AT x A
BASED ON ADEQUATE AIR CIRCULATION
HEAT IN HYDRAULIC OIL (approx.) I HEAT (BTU/HR) = Fl(J.'I1WE (GPM) x 210 x TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(oF)
BTU/HR = 0 x 210 x AT
DUE TO SYSTEM INEFFICIENCY (SG = .89 -
.92)
HEAT IN FRESH WATER (approx.) tHEAT (BTU/HR) = FLOW RATE (GPAt) x 500 x TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE(OF) BTU/HR = 0 x 500 x AT
ACCUMULATOR· FORMULAS
NOTE: SEE PAGES 130 AND 131 FORADDITIONAL INFORMATION Where UP" = psia(ABSOLUTf} = psig (GAUGE PRESSURE) + 14.7 psi
PRESSURE OR VOLUME . ORlGIIIAL PRESSURE x ORIGINAL VOLUME =. FIfIAL PRESSURE x FINAL VOLUME P, V, = P, V, lsothermic
PRESSURE OR TEMPERATURE . ORIGIIW: PRESSURE x FIIJAi. m,IPERATURE ;; FlllAlPRESSURE X ORIG. TEMPERATURE P, T, = P, T, lsochoric
w/ Constant "V" (Volume)
VOLUME OR TEMPERATURE ORIGII/AL VOLUME X AI/AL TEI,IPERATURE = FINAL VOLUME x ORIGINAL TEMPERATURE V, T, = V, T, Isobaric
w/Constant "P" (Pressure)
PRESSURE OR VOLUME
ORIGINAL PRESSURE x ORIGIIIAL VOLUME" ...= FINAL PRESSURE x FINAL VOLUME"
w/Tempetalure Change Due
l'"
-
To Heat of Compression FINAL TEMP.
ORIG. TEMP. .> .....•.•.•...
i;,; ORIG.
FIlIAL VOLUME\
VOLUMFj ",:,eINAL
ORIS. PRESSURE
PRESSURE
U.S.
.037037
.0005787
.00002143
i,48052
28.317
.004329
.016384
1.119825146.656
.0160184
.004951
201.974
764.56
.001308
1.20032
.0353145
.160459
.264170
1.133681
4.54374
13.78543
27
.453592
.0005929
.0059429 17281
2277.274
31
27.6798
61.0234 Gar:u.1S
~~Liters VOLUME&CAPACITY EQUIVALENTS
Water at Max. Oensity
39.2° F 4° C
~rams
. -\y.;;-. I ·of-Water
The "SI" (International Standards) units shown below are adopted for use by the International Fluid Power Com-
munity, and should be used on documents prepared for international circulation.
Quantity SI Unit for Fluid Power "Customary" U.S. Unit Conversion Factor
EQUIVALENT MEASUREMENTS
1 U.S. Ga lion 231 Cu bic Inches 1 Horsepower = 33,000 Ft. Lbs. per Minute
4 Quarts; or 8 Pints 550 Ft. Lbs. per Second
8.3356 Pounds 42.4 BTU per Minute
3.785 Liters 2545 BTU per Hour
746 Watts, or 0.746 Kilowatts
1 Imperial Gallon = 1.2 U.S. Gallons
lPSI= 2.04161'Hg
27.71 "Water
1 Liter = 0.2642 U.S. Gallons
Foot Column of Water = 0.433 PSI
APPROXIMATE MEASUREMENTS
1 Pint = 2 cups = 16 fluid ounces = 1 pound 1 Gallon = 231 cubic inches = 76,800 drops
1 Pint = 96 teaspoons = 32 tablespoons = 16 fluid ounces 1 Cup = 16 tablespoons = 48 teaspoons
1 Quart = 4 cups = 2 pints = 32 fluid ounces = 2 pounds 1 Tablespoon = 3 teaspoons
1 Quart = 192 teaspoons = 64 tablespoons = 32 fl. oz. 2 Tablespoons = 1 fluid ounce
1 Gallon = 16 cups = 4 quarts = 8 pints 1 Fluid ounce (volume) = 600 drops (hydraulic oil)
1 Gallon = 768 teaspoons = 256 tablespoons = 128 oz. 1 Cubic inch = 330 drops
TABLE 6-F. EQUIVALENT VALUES
To convert units appearing in Column 1 into equivalent values of units in Column 2, multiply by factor in Column 3,
Example: To convert 7 gallons into cubic inches, multiply 7 x 231 = 1617 cubic inches.
To convert units appearing in Column 2 into equivalent values of units in Column 1, divide by factor in Column 3.
Example: To convert 25 horsepower into BTU per minute, divide 25 by 0.02356 = 1061 BTU per minute.
. Column
144 Column
745.7
0.01136
0.0005787 1per
Column 33.9
1 Column
Column
Feet
2000Column
Pounds
0.001341
Watts
·Atmospheres
550.231
0.1337
Seconds
2.036
2.307
88
0.25
Watts
Cubic
Foot 0.01745
0.004329
Fahrenheit
2.54
0.04167
1000
Inches.
0.005952
Hou
Hours
7000
16 0.02356
1728
0.2931
Pounds
Inches.
U.S.
1.1330.6818
Inches
0.001
0.3937
Meters
0.5 0.0001894
0.3048
42.44
8.3453
29.92
Radians
5280
Quarts
0.001818
453.5924
0.00004
0.2642
1.467
liters
0.0000303
00.8826
MilesoCx
778.3
0.4335
7.48052
Weeks.
Watts
14.7
liters
0.0625
1.805
0.4912
0.03342
Pints
0.5555
BTU
33,000
PSI
PSI
InchesPouof
Gallons
Cubic
rs
lbs.
Gallons
0.0002642
Tons
86,400
0.06804 FeetWater
of
Centimeters
Ounces
Grains.
Grams.
.001286
PoundsInches.
Quarts
Feet .of
Micro-meter
Inches.
0.03613
Ounces
0.0295
Inches
per
per of
Horsepower
Footper
Horsepower
Horsepower
U.S.Galions
MilesSquare
Inches
Gallons
Days
PSI 32per
3Centimeters
2.Water
.1.8+32
.nds
.of Water.
Inches.
(U.SJ
lbs.
(lbs.
Temperature
Feet
(lbs. Water
(Fluid)
Minute.
(Statute) Inches
of
(lbs.perSq.ln).
(lbs.
Atmospheres
ofperper Feet (Micron)
per
Hour{MPH)
Hour
Hour Minute
Mercury
.Sq.
Mercury
(U.S.
liquid
Second.
(Weight)
Mercury .Second
.Sq.(MPH)
Minute
liquid)
Sq.In)
(oC)
(oF) ...In.)
("Hg)
.(Bars)*.
(Bars)*.In)
.in)
("Hg)
InJ .
- 32 Please read instructions above
This table is calculated on the basis of 1 bar = 14.5 PSI, or, 1 PSI = .069 bar
PSI • 10 50 100 250 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 5000
Bars ••.....0.69 3.45 6.90 17.2 34.5 51.7 69.0 103.4 137.9 172.4 206.9 344.8
This table is calculated on the basis of 1 U.S. GPM = 3.79 liters per min. (liquid) or, 1 liter per min. = 0.2638 GPM.
GPM .5 8 12 15 20 25 30 35 40 50 75 100
Liters/min~18.95 30.32 45.48 56.85 75.80 94.75 113.7 132.7 151.6 189.5 284.3 379.0
This table is calculated on the basis of 1 SCFM = 0.4716 cubic decimeters per second, or 1 dm3/sec. = 2.12 SCFM.
SCFM ~5 10 15 25 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 350
Dm3/sec~2.358 4.716 7.074 11.79 23.58 35.37 47.16 70.74 94.32 117.9 141.5 165.1