Problem 15-103

An earth satellite of mass M is launched into a free-flight trajectory about the earth with initial
speed vA when the distance from the center of the earth is rA. If the launch angle at this position
is φA determine the speed vB of the satellite and its closest distance rB from the center of the
earth. The earth has a mass Me. Hint: Under these conditions, the satellite is subjected only to the
earth’s gravitational force, F , Eq. 13-1. For part of the solution, use the conservation of energy.

3
Units used: Mm = 10 km

Given:
φ A = 70 deg
M = 700 kg

2
km − 11 N⋅ m
vA = 10 G = 6.673 × 10
s 2
kg

rA = 15 Mm 24
Me = 5.976 × 10 kg

km
Solution: Guesses vB = 10 rB = 10 Mm
s

Given M vA sin ( φ A) rA = M vB rB

1 2 G Me M 1 2 G Me M
M vA − = M vB −
2 rA 2 rB

⎛ vB ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = Find ( vB , rB)
km
vB = 10.2 rB = 13.8 Mm
⎝ rB ⎠ s
*Problem 15-104

The ball B has a mass M and is originally rotating in a circle. As shown, the cord AB has a
length of L and passes through the hole A, which is a distance h above the plane of motion. If
L/2 of the cord is pulled through the hole, determine the speed of the ball when it moves in a
circular path at C.

Given:

M = 5 kg

L = 1.5 m

h = 1m

m
g = 9.81
2
s

θ B = acos ⎛⎜ ⎟⎞
h
Solution: θ B = 48.19 deg
⎝ L⎠
m m
Guesses TB = 1 N TC = 1 N vB = 1 vC = 1 θ C = 100 deg
s s

⎛⎜ vB2 ⎟⎞
Given TB cos ( θ B) − M g = 0 TB sin ( θ B) =M
⎜ L sin ( θ B) ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛⎜ vC2 ⎟⎞
TC cos ( θ C) − M g = 0 TC sin ( θ C) =M
⎜L ⎟
⎜ 2 sin ( θ C) ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ L ⎞ sin ( θ )
( M)vB L sin ( θ B) = ( M)vC⎜ ⎟ C
⎝2⎠

⎛ TB ⎞
⎜ ⎟
⎜ TC ⎟
⎜ vB ⎟ = Find ( T , T , v , v , θ ) ⎛ TB ⎞ ⎛ 73.5 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ B C B C C ⎜ ⎟=⎜ ⎟N θ C = 76.12 deg
⎝ TC ⎠ ⎝ 204.4 ⎠
⎜ vC ⎟
⎜ ⎟
⎝ θC ⎠
m m
vB = 3.50 vC = 5.38
s s
Problem 15-105

The block of mass M rests on a surface for which the kinetic coefficient of friction is
μk. It is acted upon by a radial force F R and a horizontal force F H, always directed at
angle θ from the tangent to the path as shown. If the block is initially moving in a
circular path with a speed v1 at the instant the forces are applied, determine the time
required before the tension in cord AB becomes T. Neglect the size of the block for the
calculation.
Given:
M = 10 kg μ k = 0.5

F R = 20 N T = 200 N

F H = 70 N r = 2m
m
v1 = 1 m
s g = 9.81
2
s
θ = 30 deg

Solution:

m
Guesses t = 1s v2 = 1
s

Given

Mv1 r + FH cos ( θ ) r t − μ kM gr t = Mv2 r

⎛ v22 ⎞
F R + F H sin ( θ ) − T = −M⎜ ⎟
⎝ r ⎠

⎛t⎞
⎜ ⎟ = Find ( t , v2)
m
v2 = 5.39 t = 3.78 s
⎝ v2 ⎠ s
Problem 15-106

The block of mass M is originally at rest on the smooth surface. It is acted upon by a radial
force F R and a horizontal force F H, always directed at θ from the tangent to the path as
shown. Determine the time required to break the cord, which requires a tension T. What is
the speed of the block when this occurs? Neglect the size of the block for the calculation.

Given:
M = 10 kg θ = 30 deg

F R = 20 N T = 300 N

F H = 70 N r = 2m
m
v1 = 0 m
s g = 9.81
2
s

Solution:

m
Guesses t = 1s v2 = 1
s

Given

Mv1 r + FH cos ( θ ) r t = Mv2 r

⎛ v22 ⎞
F R + F H sin ( θ ) − T = −M⎜ ⎟
⎝ r ⎠

⎛t⎞
⎜ ⎟ = Find ( t , v2)
m
v2 = 7.0 t = 1.15 s
⎝ v2 ⎠ s
Problem 15-107

The roller-coaster car of mass M starts

from rest on the track having the shape of
a cylindrical helix. If the helix descends a
distance h for every one revolution,
determine the time required for the car to
attain a speed v. Neglect friction and the
size of the car.

Given:

M = 800 kg

h = 4m
m
v = 30
s
r = 4m

Solution:

θ = atan ⎜
⎛ h ⎞
⎟ θ = 9.043 deg
⎝ 2πr ⎠
FN − M g cos ( θ ) = 0 FN = M g cos ( θ ) FN = 7.748 kN

vt = v cos ( θ )
m
vt = 29.627
s

⌠ ⌠
t
HA + ⎮ M dt = H2 ⎮ FN sin ( θ ) r dt = Mh vt FN sin ( θ ) r t = Mh vt
⌡ ⌡0

⎛ vt h ⎞
t = M⎜ ⎟ t = 19.5 s
⎝ FN sin ( θ ) r ⎠
*Problem 15-108

A child having mass M holds her legs up as shown as she swings downward from rest at θ1.
Her center of mass is located at point G1. When she is at the bottom position θ = 0°, she
suddenly lets her legs come down, shifting her center of mass to position G2. Determine her
speed in the upswing due to this sudden movement and the angle θ2 to which she swings before
momentarily coming to rest. Treat the child’s body as a particle.

Given:

M = 50 kg

θ 1 = 30 deg

r1 = 2.80 m

r2 = 3 m

m
g = 9.81
2
s

Solution:

2g r1( 1 − cos ( θ 1) )
m
v2b = v2b = 2.71
s

r1 m
r1 v2b = r2 v2a v2a = v2b v2a = 2.53
r2 s

⎛⎜ v2a ⎞⎟
2
θ 2 = acos ⎜ 1 − ⎟ θ 2 = 27.0 deg
⎝ 2g r2 ⎠
Problem 15-109

A small particle having a mass m is placed inside the semicircular tube. The particle is
placed at the position shown and released. Apply the principle of angular momentum about
point O (ΣM0 = H0), and show that the motion of the particle is governed by the differential
equation θ'' + (g / R) sin θ = 0.
Solution:

d
ΣM0 = H0
dt

−R m g sin ( θ ) =
d
( m v R)
dt

2
g sin ( θ ) = − v = −
d d
s
dt 2
dt

But, s = Rθ

Thus, g sin ( θ ) = −R θ''

θ'' + ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ sin ( θ ) = 0
g
or,
⎝ R⎠
Problem 15-110

A toboggan and rider, having a

total mass M, enter horizontally
tangent to a circular curve (θ1)
with a velocity vA. If the track
is flat and banked at angle θ2,
determine the speed vB and the
angle θ of “descent”, measured
from the horizontal in a vertical
x–z plane, at which the
toboggan exists at B. Neglect
friction in the calculation.

Given:

km
M = 150 kg θ 1 = 90 deg vA = 70 θ 2 = 60 deg
hr

rA = 60 m rB = 57 m r = 55 m

Solution:

h = ( rA − rB) tan ( θ 2)

m
Guesses vB = 10 θ = 1 deg
s

M vA rA = M vB cos ( θ ) rB
1 2 1 2
Given M vA + M g h = M vB
2 2

⎛ vB ⎞
⎜ ⎟ = Find ( vB , θ )
m
vB = 21.9 θ = 20.9 deg
⎝θ ⎠ s
Problem 15-111

Water is discharged at speed v against the fixed cone diffuser. If the opening diameter of
the nozzle is d, determine the horizontal force exerted by the water on the diffuser.

Units Used:
3
Mg = 10 kg

Given:
m
v = 16
s

d = 40 mm

θ = 30 deg

Mg
ρw = 1
3
m

Solution:

π 2
Q = d v
4

m' = ρ w Q

⎛
F x = m' ⎜ −v cos ⎜
⎛ θ ⎞ + v⎞
⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝2⎠ ⎠

F x = 11.0 N
*Problem 15-112

A jet of water having cross-sectional area A strikes the fixed blade with speed v. Determine the
horizontal and vertical components of force which the blade exerts on the water.

Given:
2
A = 25 cm

m
v = 8
s

θ = 130 deg

kN m
γ w = 10 g = 9.81
3 2
m s
3
m
Solution: Q = Av Q = 0.020
s

d γw γw kg
m = m' = Q m' = Q m' = 20.387
dt g g s
m
vAx = v vAy = 0
s

vBx = v cos ( θ ) vBy = v sin ( θ )

F x = −m' ( vBx − vAx) F x = 267.9 N

F y = m' ( vBy − vAy) F y = 124.9 N

Problem 15-113

Water is flowing from the fire hydrant opening of diameter dB with velocity vB. Determine the
horizontal and vertical components of force and the moment developed at the base joint A, if the
static (gauge) pressure at A is PA. The diameter of the fire hydrant at A is dA.

Units Used:
3
kPa = 10 Pa
3
Mg = 10 kg
3
kN = 10 N

Given:

dB = 150 mm h = 500 mm

m
vB = 15 dA = 200 mm
s
Mg
ρw = 1
P A = 50 kPa 3
m

Solution:
2 2 2 m'
⎛ dB ⎞ ⎛ dA ⎞ ⎛ dB ⎞ vA =
AB = π ⎜ ⎟ AA = π ⎜ ⎟ m' = ρ w vBπ ⎜ ⎟ ρ w AA
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠

Ax = m' vB Ax = 3.98 kN

2 2
⎛ dA ⎞ ⎛ dA ⎞
− Ay + 50π ⎜ ⎟ = m' ( 0 − vA) Ay = m' vA + PAπ ⎜ ⎟ A.y = kN
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠

M = m' h vB M = 1.99 kN⋅ m

Problem 15-114

The chute is used to divert the flow of

water Q. If the water has a
cross-sectional area A, determine the
force components at the pin A and roller
B necessary for equilibrium. Neglect
both the weight of the chute and the
weight of the water on the chute.

Units Used:
3 3
Mg = 10 kg kN = 10 N

Given:
3
m Mg
Q = 0.6 ρw = 1
s 3
m
2
A = 0.05 m h = 2m

a = 1.5 m b = 0.12 m

Solution:

d
m = m' m' = ρ w Q
dt

Q
vA = vB = vA
A

ΣFx = m' ( vAx − vBx) B x − Ax = m' ( vAx − vBx)

ΣFy = m' ( vAy − vBy) Ay = m' ⎡⎣0 − ( −vB)⎤⎦ Ay = 7.20 kN

ΣMA = m' ( d0A vA − d0B vB)

1
Bx = m' ⎡b vA + ( a − b)vA⎤⎦ B x = 5.4 kN
h ⎣

Ax = B x − m' vA Ax = −1.8 kN
Problem 15-115

The fan draws air through a vent with speed v. If the cross-sectional area of the vent is A,
determine the horizontal thrust on the blade. The specific weight of the air is γa.

Given:
m
v = 4
s

2
A = 0.2 m

kN
γ a = 12
3
m

m
g = 9.81
2
s

Solution:

d γa kg
m' = m m' = vA m' = 978.9
dt g s

T = m' ( v − 0) T = 3.92 kN
*Problem 15-116

The buckets on the Pelton wheel are subjected to a jet of water of diameter d, which has
velocity vw. If each bucket is traveling at speed vb when the water strikes it, determine the
power developed by the wheel. The density of water is γw.

Given:

d = 5 cm
m
vw = 60
s
m
vb = 38
s
kN
γ w = 10
3
m
θ = 20 deg

m
g = 9.81
2
s

m
Solution: vA = vw − vb vA = 22
s

vBx = −vA cos ( θ ) + vb

m
vBx = 17.327
s

ΣFx = m' ( vBx − vAx)

⎛ γ w ⎞ ⎛ d2 ⎞
F x = ⎜ ⎟ π ⎜ ⎟ vA⎡⎣−vBx − ( −vA)⎤⎦
m
F x = 205.78 kg
⎝g⎠ ⎝4⎠ 2
s

P = F x vb P = 7.82 kW
Problem 15-117

The boat of mass M is powered by a fan F which develops a slipstream having a diameter
d. If the fan ejects air with a speed v, measured relative to the boat, determine the initial
acceleration of the boat if it is initially at rest. Assume that air has a constant density ρa and
that the entering air is essentially at rest. Neglect the drag resistance of the water.
Given:
M = 200 kg

h = 0.375 m

d = 0.75 m

m
v = 14
s
kg
ρ a = 1.22
3
m
Solution:
3
π 2 m
Q = Av Q = d v Q = 6.1850
4 s

d kg
m = m' m' = ρ a Q m' = 7.5457
dt s

ΣFx = m' ( vBx − vAx)

F = ρa Q v F = 105.64 N

ΣFx = M ax F = Ma

F m
a = a = 0.528
M 2
s
Problem 15-118

The rocket car has a mass MC (empty) and carries fuel of mass MF. If the fuel is
consumed at a constant rate c and ejected from the car with a relative velocity vDR,
determine the maximum speed attained by the car starting from rest. The drag resistance
due to the atmosphere is F D = kv2 and the speed is measured in m/s.

Units Used:
3
Mg = 10 kg

Given:
MC = 3 Mg MF = 150 kg
2
m s
vDR = 250 kg k = 60 N⋅
s c = 4 2
s m
Solution:

m0 = MC + MF At time t the mass of the car is m0 − c t

−k v = ( m0 − c t) v − vDR c
2 2 d
Set F = k v , then
dt
MF
Maximum speed occurs at the instant the fuel runs out. t = t = 37.5 s
c
m
Thus, Initial Guess: v = 4
s

v t
⌠ ⌠
⎮ 1 ⎮ 1
Given ⎮ d v = dt v = Find ( v)
2 ⎮ m0 − c t
⎮ c vDR − k v ⌡0
⌡
0
m
v = 4.062
s
Problem 15-119

A power lawn mower hovers very close over the ground. This is done by drawing air in at
speed vA through an intake unit A, which has cross-sectional area AA and then discharging it at
the ground, B, where the cross-sectional area is AB. If air at A is subjected only to atmospheric
pressure, determine the air pressure which the lawn mower exerts on the ground when the
weight of the mower is freely supported and no load is placed on the handle. The mower has
mass M with center of mass at G. Assume that air has a constant density of ρa.

Given:
m
vA = 6
s

2
AA = 0.25 m

2
AB = 0.35 m

M = 15 kg

kg
ρ a = 1.22
3
m

kg
Solution: m' = ρ a AA vA m' = 1.83
s

+ ΣFy = m' ( vBy − vAy)

↑
P A B − M g = m' ⎡⎣0 − ( −vA)⎤⎦

(m' vA + M g)
1
P = P = 452 Pa
AB
*Problem 15-120

The elbow for a buried pipe of diameter d is subjected to static pressure P. The speed of the
water passing through it is v. Assuming the pipe connection at A and B do not offer any
vertical force resistance on the elbow, determine the resultant vertical force F that the soil
must then exert on the elbow in order to hold it in equilibrium. Neglect the weight of the
elbow and the water within it. The density of water is γw.

Given:

d = 12 cm

N
P = 8
2
cm

m
v = 4
s

θ = 45 deg

kN m
γ w = 10 g = 9.81
3 2
m s

Solution:

Q = v⎜ d
⎛ π 2⎞
⎟
⎝4 ⎠
γw
m' = Q
g

Also, the force induced by the water

pressure at A is

π 2
A = d
4

F = PA F = 904.8 N

2F cos ( θ ) − F 1 = m' ( −v cos ( θ ) − v cos ( θ ) )

F 1 = 2( F cos ( θ ) + m' v cos ( θ ) ) F 1 = 1.54 kN

Problem 15-121

The car is used to scoop up water that is lying in a trough at the tracks. Determine the force
needed to pull the car forward at constant velocity v for each of the three cases. The scoop has
a cross-sectional area A and the density of water is ρw.

Solution:
The system consists of the car and the scoop. In all cases

d d
ΣFs = m v − V De me
dt dt

F = 0 − Vρ A V

2
F = V ρA
Problem 15-122

A rocket has an empty mass M 1 and carries fuel of mass M2. If the fuel is burned at the
rate c and ejected with a relative velocity vDR, determine the maximum speed attained by
the rocket starting from rest. Neglect the effect of gravitation on the rocket.

kg m
Given: M1 = 250 kg M2 = 150 kg c = 7.5 vDR = 1200
s s
m
g = 9.81
2
s

Solution: m0 = M1 + M2

M2
The maximum speed occurs when all the fuel is consumed, that is, where t =
c
t = 20 s

d d
Σ Fx = m v − vDR me
dt dt

d
At a time t, m = m0 − c t, where c = me. In space the weight of the rocket is zero.
dt

0 = ( m0 − c t) v − vDR c
d
dt

m
Guess vmax = 1
s

t
⌠
vmax ⌠ cv
1 dv = ⎮
Given DR
⎮ dt
⌡0 ⎮ m0 − c t
⌡0

vmax = Find ( vmax)

m
vmax = 564
s
Problem 15-123
The boat has mass M and is traveling forward on a river with constant velocity vb, measured
relative to the river. The river is flowing in the opposite direction at speed vR. If a tube is placed
in the water, as shown, and it collects water of mass Mw in the boat in time t, determine the
horizontal thrust T on the tube that is required to overcome the resistance to the water collection.

Units Used:
3
Mg = 10 kg

Given:

M = 180 kg
km
vb = 70
hr
km
vR = 5
hr

Mw = 40 kg

t = 80 s

Mg
ρw = 1
3
m

Solution: Mw kg
m' = m' = 0.50
t s

m
vdi = vb vdi = 19.44
s

d
ΣFi = m v + vdi m'
dt

T = vdi m' T = 9.72 N

*Problem 15-124

The second stage of a two-stage rocket has a mass M2 and is launched from the first stage with
velocity v. The fuel in the second stage has weight Mf. If it is consumed at rate r and ejected
with relative velocity vr, determine the acceleration of the second stage just after the engine is
fired. What is the rocket’s acceleration just before all the fuel is consumed? Neglect the effect
of gravitation.

Given:
kg
M2 = 1000 kg r = 25
s
km m
v = 4800 vr = 2400
hr s
m
Mf = 500 kg g = 9.81
2
s

Solution:

Initially,

d ⎛d ⎞
ΣFs = m v − vdi ⎜ me⎟
dt ⎝ dt ⎠

0 = ( M2 + Mf) a − vr r a = vr
⎛ r ⎞ a = 40
m
⎜M + M ⎟
⎝ 2 f⎠ s
2

Finally,

a1 = vr
⎛ r ⎞ a1 = 60
m
0 = ( M2) a1 − vr( r) ⎜M ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ 2
s
Problem 15-125

The earthmover initially carries volume V of sand having a density ρ. The sand is unloaded
horizontally through A dumping port P at a rate m' measured relative to the port. If the
earthmover maintains a constant resultant tractive force F at its front wheels to provide
forward motion, determine its acceleration when half the sand is dumped. When empty, the
earthmover has a mass M. Neglect any resistance to forward motion and the mass of the
wheels. The rear wheels are free to roll.
Units Used:
3
Mg = 10 kg
3
kN = 10 N

Given:
2
A = 2.5 m

kg
m' = 900 kg
s ρ = 1520
F = 4 kN 3
m

3
M = 30 Mg V = 10 m

Solution:

When half the sand remains,

1
M1 = M + Vρ M1 = 37600 kg
2

d m' m
m = m' = ρ v A v = v = 0.237
dt ρA s

d d
Σ F = m v − m vDR F = M1 a − m' v
dt dt
F + m' v m
a = a = 0.112
M1 2
s

mm
a = 112
2
s
Problem 15-126

The earthmover initially carries sand of volume V having density ρ. The sand is unloaded
horizontally through a dumping port P of area A at rate of r measured relative to the port.
Determine the resultant tractive force F at its front wheels if the acceleration of the
earthmover is a when half the sand is dumped. When empty, the earthmover has mass M.
Neglect any resistance to forward motion and the mass of the wheels. The rear wheels are
free to roll.
Units Used:
3
kN = 10 N

Mg = 1000 kg

Given:
3 kg
V = 10 m r = 900
s
kg m
ρ = 1520 a = 0.1
3 2
m s

2
A = 2.5 m M = 30 Mg

Solution:
1
When half the sand remains, M1 = M + Vρ M1 = 37600 kg
2

d r m
m =r r = ρv A v = v = 0.237
dt ρA s

d d
F = m v − mv F = M1 a − r v F = 3.55 kN
dt dt
Problem 15-127

If the chain is lowered at a constant speed v, determine the normal reaction exerted on the
floor as a function of time. The chain has a mass M and a total length l.
Given:
kg
M = 2.5
m

l = 6m

m
v = 1.2
s

Solution:

At time t, the weight of the chain on the floor is W = M g( v t)

d
v =0
dt

M t = M ( v t)

d
Mt = M v
dt
d d
Σ F s = M v + vDt Mt
dt dt

R − M g( v t) = 0 + v( M v)

(
R = M gvt + v
2 )
*Problem 15-128

The rocket has mass M including the fuel. Determine the constant rate at which the fuel must
be burned so that its thrust gives the rocket a speed v in time t starting from rest. The fuel is
expelled from the rocket at relative speed vr. Neglect the effects of air resistance and assume
that g is constant.
Given:

M = 65000 kg m
vr = 900
s
m
v = 60
s m
g = 9.81
t = 10 s 2
s

Solution:

A System That Losses Mass: Here,

⎛
W = ⎜ m0 −
d ⎞
me t⎟ g
⎝ dt ⎠

Applying Eq. 15-29, we have

+ d d
↑Σ F z = m v − vDE me
dt dt
integrating we find

⎛ mo ⎞
v = vDE ln ⎜ ⎟ − gt
⎜ m0 − me t ⎟
d
⎝ dt ⎠

with m0 = M vDE = vr

⎛ m0 ⎞
v = vr ln ⎜ ⎟ − g( t)
⎜ m0 − me t ⎟
d
⎝ dt ⎠

⎛ −m0 ⎞1 ⎛ −m0 ⎞1 kg
d
me = A = ⎜ + m0⎟ A = ⎜ + m0⎟ A = 1047.2
dt ⎜ v+ g t ⎟t ⎜ v+ g t ⎟t s
⎜e r
v ⎟ ⎜e r
v ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠
Problem 15-129

The rocket has an initial mass m0, including the fuel. For practical reasons desired for the crew,
it is required that it maintain a constant upward acceleration a0. If the fuel is expelled from the
rocket at a relative speed ver, determine the rate at which the fuel should be consumed to
maintain the motion. Neglect air resistance, and assume that the gravitational acceleration is
constant.
Solution:
d
a0 = v
dt

+
↑ ΣFs = d d
m v − ver me
dt dt

d
−mg = mao − ver m
dt

= ( a0 + g) dt
dm
ver
m

Since ver is constant, integrating, with t = 0 when m = m0 yields

⎛ m ⎞ = ( a + g) t
ver ln ⎜
⎛ a0+ g ⎞
⎟ 0 ⎜ ⎟t
⎝ m0 ⎠ m
=e⎝ ver ⎠
m0

The time rate fuel consumption is determined from Eq.[1]

⎛ a 0+ g ⎞
a0 + g ⎜ ⎟t
d d ⎛ a0 + g ⎞ ⎝ ver ⎠
m =m m = m0⎜ ⎟e
dt ver dt ⎝ ver ⎠

Note : ver must be considered a negative quantity.

 Problem 15-130

The jet airplane of mass M has constant speed vj when it is flying along a horizontal straight
line. Air enters the intake scoops S at rate r1. If the engine burns fuel at the rate r2 and the gas
(air and fuel) is exhausted relative to the plane with speed ve, determine the resultant drag force
exerted on the plane by air resistance. Assume that air has a constant density ρ. Hint: Since mass
both enters and exits the plane, Eqs. 15-29 and 15-30 must be combined.

Units Used:
Mg = 1000 kg
3
kN = 10 N

Given:
kg
M = 12 Mg r2 = 0.4
s
km
vj = 950 m
hr ve = 450
s
3
m
r1 = 50 kg
s ρ = 1.22
3
m

ΣFs = m v − me ( vDE ) + mi ( vDi)

d d d
Solution:
dt dt dt

d d
v =0 vDE = Ve vDi = vj mi = r1ρ
dt dt

d
A = r1ρ me = r2 + A B = r2 + A
dt

Forces T and F D are incorporated as the last two terms in the equation,

F D = ve B − vj A F D = 11.5 kN
Problem 15-131

The jet is traveling at speed v, angle θ with the horizontal. If the fuel is being spent at rate r1 and
the engine takes in air at r2 whereas the exhaust gas (air and fuel) has relative speed ve, determine
the acceleration of the plane at this instant. The drag resistance of the air is F D = kv2 The jet has
mass M. Hint: See Prob. 15-130.

Given:

km m
v = 800 ve = 9800
hr s
2
s
θ = 30 deg k1 = 36.6 N
2
m

kg
r1 = 1.5 M = 7500 kg
s

kg m
r2 = 200 g = 9.81
s 2
s

Solution:

d d
mi = r2 A1 = r2 me = r1 + r2 B = r1 + r2 v.1 := v
dt dt

d d d
ΣFs = m v − vDe me + vDi mi
dt dt dt

−M g sin ( θ ) − k1 v1 = Ma − ve B + v1 A 1
2

−M g sin ( θ ) − k1 v1 + ve B − v1 A1
2
m
a = a = 11.5
M 2
s
*Problem 15-132

The rope has a mass m' per unit length. If the end length y = h is draped off the edge of the
table, and released, determine the velocity of its end A for any position y, as the rope
uncoils and begins to fall.
Solution:
d d
F s = m v + vDi mi
dt dt

d d
At a time t, m = m' y and mi = m' y = m' v.
dt dt
d
Here, vDi = v, v = g.
dt
d
m' g y = m' y v + v( m' v)
dt

d 2 d dy
gy = y v + v Since v = y, then dt =
dt dt v

d 2
gy = vy v+v
dy

Multiply both sides by 2ydy

2 2 2
2g y dy = 2v y dv + 2y v dy

⌠ ⌠
⎮ 2 2 2
⎮ 2g y d y = ⎮ 1 dv y
⌡ ⌡

2 3 2 2
gy + C = v y
3
−2 3
2 3 C= gh
v=0 at y=h gh + C = 0 3
3

2 3 2 3 2 2
g y − gh = v y
3 3

2 ⎛⎜ y − h
3 3⎞
v= g ⎟
3 ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ y ⎠
Problem 15-133

The car has a mass m0 and is used to tow the smooth chain having a total length l and a mass
per unit of length m'. If the chain is originally piled up, determine the tractive force F that must
be supplied by the rear wheels of the car, necessary to maintain a constant speed v while the
chain is being drawn out.

Solution:

+ d d
⎯⎯ → ΣF s = m v + vDi mi
dt dt

At a time t, m = m0 + c t

d d
Where, c= mi = m' x = m'v
dt dt
d
Here, vDi = v v =0
dt

F = ( m0 − m'v t) ( 0 ) + v( m' v) = m'v

2

2
F = m'v
Problem 15-134

Determine the magnitude of force F as a function of time, which must be applied to the end
of the cord at A to raise the hook H with a constant speed v. Initially the chain is at rest on
the ground. Neglect the mass of the cord and the hook. The chain has a mass density ρ.

Given:
m
v = 0.4
s
kg
ρ = 2
m
m
g = 9.81
2
s

Solution:

d
v =0 y = vt
dt
mi = m y = m v t

d
mi = m v
dt

+ d ⎛d ⎞
↑ ΣFs = m v + vDi⎜ mi⎟
dt ⎝ dt ⎠

F − mgvt = 0 + vmv

F = mgvt + vmv

2
F = ρg v t + v

N 2
f1 = ρ g v f1 = 7.85 f2 = ρ v f2 = 0.320 N
s

F = f1 t + f2