Hl Wn, 4 AY 4 sir ISLAMIAT-2058) Zafar et BOOK 1 7s. Topics LIFE IN MAKKAH LIFE IN MADINAH ETHICS Prepared by (Ph.D) Sir Zafar Alam @0300-2101569 F - BE | ? zafaralamtutorials@gmail.comser 26h som ten aaa, EARLY LIFE OF THE HOLY PROPHET Hs BIRTH: : > The Holy Prophet was bom in Banu Hashim lane in Makkah on Monday m the 8 of Rabi Al-Awwal according to majority of Muhaddithin and the 12 5, Rabi Al-Awwal is famous among the Muslim masses. > According to solar calendar it was 22 of April 571 AD. > It was but controversially. reported that significant mira ~. sacred fire died down. > The first women who ‘was entrusted to Haleema from Banu Saad trib BACK TO HIS MOTHER > Haleema got scared of this incident and return him back to Amna, > In respect of the memory of her late husband, Amna decided to visit his grave in Yathrib. > She set out with her boy, woman servant Umm-e-Aiman and Abdul Muttalib and spent a month there. » On the way back to Makkah she had a severe illness and died in Abwa on the road between Makkah and Madina. . a ageSir Zafar Alam T Life ia Malaka TO HIS COMPASSIONATE GRANDFATHER: > Abdul Muttalib brought the boy back to Makkah and had warm passions towards him. > He loved more than all other kids and ordered his uncles not to scold him in any case. He had a special place near Kaaba where no one could sit but Muhammad used to play there, > Unfortunately hi loving-grandfather also died when he, TO HIS UNCLE ABU TALIB > Abu Talib took thé charge own children. > The Holy Quran says about > He advised Abu Th a recognize him and Wi ag hi Ws not from their family > Abu Talib sent him i THE SACRELIGIOUS| > This war started bet g0t involved. > This continued for many years and led up to considerable loss of human lives. > The Holy Prophet was fifteen years old and his duty was just to collect the arrows thrown by the enemies and to them to his uncles, > His minor involvement can be justified as Quraish were on right. > It was known as sac-religious war because it was continued even in the months in which fighting was unlawful. S.Quraish and Banu Hawazin and then many other tribes Book, 1 Page (3)Malay Sir ea ———— |: UCE AL-FUDOUL [HALF-UL-FUZU ' oa the conclusion of these wars, people felt the need for forming a truce at for suppressing violence and injustice and vindicating the rights of weak sng destitute. 7 > The messenger of Allah witnessed this league and commented on it with positive words: “I witnessed a confederacy in the house of Abdullah Ibn Jada’, Ht was more appealing to me then herds of cattle. Bre ndw in the period oy A ig if I were invitea» ‘was exposed to wearing facto > Quraish decide to use or its proper place. > Every tribe wanted > Luckily, Abu Umayy: > The Messenger of Altaf entered first and asked for a mantle which he spread on the ground and placed the stone in its centre. He then asked the representatives of different clans among them to lift the stone altogether. When it had reached the required place, Muhammad laid it in the proper position with his own hands, > This shows the Messenger’s wisdom and his ability to lead the community and to solve their issues. : _s=~__-=EZ_Z:«=«qgH',sek sm Fir een LIFE AT MAKKAH CALL TO BE A PROPHET (P.B.U.H) > As the Holy Prophet approached the age of forty > He became fond of loneliness and solitude as he disliked the corrupt society of fabal-e-Nur) 3 miles ¢ of Ramadan, when it in the Night of it will happen with > She was a wise lady. ‘wrong to any one, yu grd-you help the poor. Allah will never let you down,” > She took him to Wag . He was her cousin and-had knowledge of previous scriptures. > After listening to the story of Muhammad, he confirmed that he was given the prophethood. > He even informed him that a day will come when Makkans will force him to leave the town. SIGNIFICANCE: > The Holy Prophet was informed about his mission and purpose of life. > This event marks the beginning of revelations. See ere BooRT Page ()u Life i Ma Sir Zafar Alam eka i mmpletely changed, > He was honoured with prophethood and his status was complete > It was the result of hi meditations. The Holy Quran says, “And He found yo, wandering and he gave you guidance.”[93:6] : a > twas the int meeting with Jibrael and a unique experience of his life. > It'was also the end of prohethood and last messenger and book was sent dow tg the earth : . > twas the first ray ofthe light of guidance in the complete darkness of ignorance, > The event brought a revolution that changed the entire yoy] > relatives.” [26:214] On this the Holy Prophet arra > Then Allah revealed, “Expand openly what your Lord commanded and turn away those who join false gods with Him.” [15:94] > On this the Prophet gathered Makkans at Mount Safa and them that if he told them that an army was at the back of the hill would they believe him. They all replied that they would, as they had never heard him telling any lie, but when he invited them to the Oneness of Allah and his prophethood, they tumed away. > His uncle Abu Lahab condemned him and said, “May you perish forever. Did you call us for this? = igen Page (6)sir2aft aon Zr tim nana > Allah then revealed Surah Lahab and comforted the Prophet. > After that there was open preaching and open opposition. REASONS OF OPPOSITION “There were various reasons of their opposition of Islam. We can divide these factors into four categories. RELIGIOUS FACTORS: 156 disliked Christianity because Abraha who ‘And the teachings of Islam are very much simjJa¢ SOCIAL FACTORS: > They were class go > Islam raised the posi their equal. > They object that why }h¢prophet was an orphan and poor in his early life. When Allah could also chodse“any leader from Makkah or Taif. and, aored FS POLITICAL FACTORS: anor vo Qo Nae > There was enmity between Banu Hashim and Banu Umayya. The Holy Prophet was from Banu Hashim but the rulers of Makkah were from the tribe of Banu Umayya. : > The rulers knew that if they believe in the Holy Prophet then they would have to relinquish their powers. ‘Book Page (7)a ey accept Islam they would have to face the ; if th > They also believed that if : ta PPO a eof Arabia and from politcal pint of view it would be aii ECONOMICAL FACTORS: the days of pilgrimage. And if they acceny 1, 1d suffer financial loss. by ‘Arabia would stop. > Makkah was a trade place in people would not come and they would > ‘The donations from the pilgrims and tribes of Se ¢ wint@Npolse Mia thé safe joumey in summer an > They enjoye 3-Mfar The protection of Ouray "Q6:1 sry Ges but still many of they, attefnpts to pressurize Abu Talib, thy is support for Muhammad (6.2.W.). They ffden on me that I can’t bear”. Muhammad (s.a.w/ rep God if they put the sun in my right hand and.#é oom in his uncle called back and never forsake you.” Realizing that p to forsake his nephew d atened they tried and arranged for another deputation, They broug aray ibp-Walid, the son of the powerful and rich war-clan leader Walid ghitarthd said: “O Abu Talib! we have brought he blac is youth, to make use of his mind and strength change for your nephew, who has run counter to you religion, brought about SOGial discord, found fault with ‘Your way of life, so that we kill man,” hhim and rid you of his endless troubles; just man for Abu Talib replied: “Woe be upon you People. May Allah tum your face dark and have indeed spoken the evil. Do you mean tht bp you can kill him and will give me your son ia eae I swear by Allah that if I do so, I would be but Boake Page)o i Sir Zafar Alam \‘T Life in Makkah J PERSECUTIONS OF THE HOLY PROPHET (PBUH) PHYSICAL TORTURE Umm Jameel bint Harb, the sister of Abu Sufyan had also her share in this ruthless campaign. She proved that she was not less than her husband in the enmity and hatred she harboured for the Prophet [pbuh] .She used to ti Abu Jahl’s arrogance and the least light of belief in his hea uttering abusive langudg, yorely to which Abu Jahl answered back defiantly (aim fiest in Makkah; A? then revealed: (Then, let hina bi : P (96:17) ‘Utaibah bin Abi Lahab once approached the Prophet [pbuh] and most defiantly and brazenly shouted at him, ‘{ do not believe in any of the Qur'an’ He then started to deal highhandedly with Mut ybuh] id viol jand_on him, tore hi shirt and spat into his face but his saliva missed et [pbuh]. * ‘Thereupon, the(Prophet [pbub] invoked Allah’s wrath on ‘Utaibah.) ‘BooR1 Page (9)Life Sie Rafa Alam pbuh] whee Be the Holy Prophet [pbuh] wheney, veneer iy 4 to throw trash on An old lady usee passed through her street. an pe ce Usha wie 1 sane the Holy Prophet [pbuh] with his mantle byt Any ‘Bakr came and pushed him away ENTAL TORTURE De Scandal-mongering and backbiting that the chiefS of Makkah, in general, an to in their overall process of slanderer and backbiter.” Ineans of oppresog in particular, re ‘Abu Lahab himself took rer hinnpittiis second son’s death calling him(the man ox for Gpset that Allah revealed surah Kawthar to console = ade it possible for him to endure torture with his master and set him free, Khabab b. Al-Arat was a youn; it a 1g blacksmith of twenty when he accepted Islam. He was forced to lie on the buming coals and not allowed til is back was totally burnt, — ‘Subaib b. Sinan had been c: aptured and was sold Greeks ‘When he became a Muslim, the i ee ae is ae ‘Quraysh beat him up savagely but could not shake his Book 1 Page)ea paiva Life in Makkah ‘Abu Fukaiha was the slave of Safwan b. Umayya. He accepted Islam at the same time as Bilal. Like Bilal, he was also dragged by his master on hot sand with a rope tied to his feet. Abu Bakr bought him and emancipated him. He migrated to Medina but died before the battle of Badr. Lubaynah was a female slave, Umar bin al-Khattab, the future khalife of the ‘Muslims, tortured her, and whenever he paused, he said: “Y have not stopped beating ‘you out of pity. I have stopped because I am exhat kesumed beating her Another member of this g He was distinguished am: raining blows upon him. From this brawl he was rescued by Abbas ibn Abdul Muttalib, the uncle of the Prophet. He told the Makkans that Abu Dharr belonged to the tribe of Ghiffar whose territory lay astride the caravan routes to the north, and if they did any harm to him, his tribesmen would bar the access of their merchant caravans to Syria. Book Page (1)th ing Que’an when suddenly he way %y, ‘mm, and they might have done him som i They mobbed him, and" © Brea 2 . papa sf Harith b. Abi Hala, the nephew and the 7 bey but for aj eae defend the Messenger of ‘God from the Violenog ¢ ae of Makkah.One of the idolaters drew his dagger, and sup, "te es He was the first Muslim to be killed in the precincts of the Kaan’! bin, Even the rich people were first person to accept Islam from” was locked in the room and nof gi was rolled in a mat and fire was lit ard aAvere tied together with ropes and bea Gstead they disowned them due to their chang commanded a small group of Muslirps''g make the the country of Abyssinia. It was @ Chrittian e6¢n very close. It was also ruled air Ki sure to receive prote this persecution and t because the Makkans kt AH first group emigrated to Abyssinia b Mazon, consisted of eleven men and fou women. Uthman bin Afign \yas alS6 part of this group along with his wife Ruqaiyat gbtef}. When the Makkans found out, they tried to chase the small group of Muslims who had left Makkah the night before. On arrival at the pot of Shu’aibah, the Muslims had seen that a ship was ready to leave the port and thy managed to get on it. The Makkans were too late and became very angry that test ee managed to escape from their evil grasp. They remained more vigilant Ore Book 1 PageSir Zafar Alam Life in Makkah ‘When the group reached Abyssinia, they heard the rumor that the whole tribe of Quraysh had accepted Islam. They were naturally very much pleased at the news and retumed to their country. On approaching Makkah, they Tearnt that the news was false and the persecutions were going on unabated. Some of them decided to return to ‘Abyssinia and the rest entered Makkah, seeking the protection of a few influential people. This is known as the first migration to Abyssinia. The Prophet (pbuh) commanded another group of Mi i s to make Hijra to ‘Abyssinia for the second time, but this time the group edrlarger consisting of ok part in both the si Would send a small group of negotiators, led by fuslims. They would go to the Negus and explain to tous.” The king replied a shelter, without proper i t us call them to our presence, and hear them out. If your charge of appsi95¥ against them is genuine, we shall make them over to you.” When Muslims wefé summoned, they greeted the king with ‘Salaam’. Someone from the courtiers objected that they had not prostrated before the king accarding to the rules of the land. They explained: “Our Prophet (s.a.w.) has forbiddm es from prostrating before anyone except Allah.” In defense to the charges, Jafar ibn Abi Talib (r.0.) said, “O Kling! We were an ignorant people. We neither knew Allah nor His Prophets. We worshipped stones. We used to eat carrion and commit all sorts of undesireable and disgraceful acts. Book . eyZT o BE Lt Sir Zafar Alam ay ions to our relatives. The strong among ys wou, We did not full our aria ap last, Allah raised a Prophet for our "efornth atthe expense of he wet duc and reife ae 10 Wl wn amy His noble descer ve kno ps ip allah, and exhorted us £0 B1¥€ 4p idolatory eR called upon us to worship Allah, ond SHUNT arbade us from indecent voined upon us right con ; a rersin He eleied ea our rat fo have regard for Our ith and jn i tag ws to sien neighbours. From him we learnt to observe Salaat, Jesing at s "good conduct; and to shun everything foul, and to gpoig blépdshed, He fant adultery, lewdness, lying, misapprop : ng fa, accusations against others. HE Alek. Soy believed in him and follow Pete bz persecute us and subjected fi ight renounce on the Quran and Jafar (2) rece ich touched the hearts of the king ag h wetting their beards. The king desig Ahe Quraysh. He also said, “By God! Gospel and Quray Negus said, “Is ‘im peace. If anybody il SIGNIFICANCE: > They gota place to pfactice their religion fely > Muslims and Christians got closer, > Number of Muslims increased as Negus became a Muslim, > Muslims leamt that migration was a i it 00d solution of and so it a0 Jed up to the great migration to Yathris, ——.., . .,a Sir Zafar Alam Life in Madan OFFERING OF BRIBE The circle of guidance was expanding. The lights of faith and of the Quran were continuing to enlighten souls with their majesty and brightness. The state of panic and worry that the polytheists were in was at a critical measure, They were completely bewildered by Hazrat Hamza’s unexpected conversion to istam since they deemed him as a hero. The newer and gretaer losses in the cast}e-pf the polytheists led ‘them to make new and different plans and schemes with eg: 1g day our Holy Prophet re fortunate and sve you brought a great ff this cause and have told it idols and religion and have ‘you listen to me,-then I will have a few them and perhaps you will accept some of fairies and jinn, then ‘our wealth and proper dhs Bura Afterwards, he turned to"Utba and said, “O Walid’s Father, you heard wht { have read. Now, think about the rest!” The concision of the Quranic verse and the sweetness in its meaning suddesty changed Utba’s sour face causing the Qurayshis to notice it. They told ane asother “By God, Abu-Walid is returning with a change in his countenance!” When he came near them they asked, “What have you brought?” Utba replied, “By God, 1 heard an BooRI Page (15)Sir 2aft alam ZA utterance that is not similar to what I have aa eee my I poem, a spell, or a prophecy!” And he continued to say: = ity of Quraysh! Listen to me, stop pursuing this task ang this ee a oe away fom him and do not touch hint 1 ‘eae that the words I have heard from him is great news. It will be much better if you ic him to the Arab tribes who are not from among you so they can hinder hin, yy prevails over those Arabs, it means that his sovereignty and dry is yours SWEAE thats ag 5 ve ‘You will be the happiest and most fortunate of all people /Utba’s speech displeased the Supeyshis; th ey\rea saying, “O Wate Father, he has casted a spell oft your Jp slid Sw that thdy were not isteig i them, asked Abu Talib, the uncle and protector of be on him), to hand him over to them fee fd. Abu Talib acted fast and called on the members 4I-Muttalib to meet at the Ka’bah and conviiiced th ened this document and the parchment wes $C authority. This was done on the 1st Muharram, t's (Peace and blessings of Allah be on him) mission. ‘aghid’s hand, or at least some of his fingers, became When the deed was done, B: paralyzed.oa ZN Life in Makkah The boycott was devastating and for many months they lived in misery. It was so rigorously applied and food was so scarce that they had to eat the leaves of trees, The ‘women, and more specially the children and suckling babies would ery with hunger Which could be heard all over the valley. The Quraysh told the merchants not to sell any goods to them. Prices were increased to prevent them from buying even essentials. They remained in that state for three years. Apart from some kind Quraysti ‘people who secretly sent food to them they were totally abandoned. Despite such grim circumstances, thé Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah-f ot him) never ceased opportunity to step in. that the Prophet (peat about the fate of the Wi that termites had eaten a of the document, Abu ‘afb saith were Ywe-Words “In Your Name, 0’ Allah.” Abu Talib then challenged the Qura Ag tat if the Prophet's claim tured out to be false, he would no longer}stad between them and the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be on him). Howe®G, if the Prophet had spoken the truth, the Quraysh should end the boycott. The Quraysh accepted Abu Talib’s challenge. ‘When Mut'im bin Adiy rose to retrieve the parchment, the assembly saw that it had been destroyed. Its only remaining words were “Bismike Allabumma” (In Your ‘Name, O Allah) and Allah’s name, Allah (Glorified and Exalted is He) had given the Quraysh yet another sign but once again they refused to admit their error and accept Islam, Their only concession was to end the boycott. The Prophet (peace and blessings Booki Page (17)£ St uy se zal am Z — ee = [os VISIT TO TAIF Abu Talib and Bibi Khsdja (SA) were the min supporters of the Paty Mohammed (pbuh). It was so destined that they passed away within a few day, g cach other, leaving the Prophet Mohammed (pbuh) to lafht the bereavence is young daughe F and washing of the dir, His success in these tn years had been rather modest, limited as it was tote onversion of fewer than 170 men and women in Makkah, As things becane ein Mi Propet Mohanhaed (pbuh) decided to move to Taf where he wollt cofvty the\meshseeOf Allah to the tribe of Thageef: Taif was forts pifeshnt tutiful scenery. It was also the nearest city, 70 miles in the south-east of Makkeh, and he went thee in late 619. Zayd bin Harta went with hin »phet Mobammed (pbuh) knew very well that peopl at Te slifferst from Makkans. They also worshipped idols and With the people in Makkah, But he gi his prophet hood, people jecred Habib, Masood and Abd-7] message except you! ‘8 prophet.” And so it ‘Then in order to and vagabonds behind bled so profusely from Wi [siim, they set a group of childrea ‘. ‘and threw stones at him. Muhammad his feet became clotted to his shoes. Tired, — ‘and wounded, bi ‘fig in nearby garden, It belonged to Utbah and Sbuibah, two wealthy obicf of Quraish, They wen Doth there when the Prophet Motammed (pbuh) entered and sat under a distant yee, He was alone. Then he raised bis face towards heaven and prayed: "0 Allch? I aise ‘unto you my complaint for my weakness, my helplessness, and, for the ridicule 49 wi a Tet hand over me? If whatever has befalleh then I fear net No deubn, te field of YO Bookto 6 Sir Zafar Alam ZAI Life in Makkah security and care is wide enough for me. I seek refuge in Your light which illuminates darkness and straightens the affairs of this world and hereafter, that Your displeasure and wrath may not descend upon me. For the sake of Your pleasure, I remain pleased and resigned to my fate. No change in this world eccurs without Your Will.” ‘The Heavens were moved by the prayer, and Jibrail appeared before the Prophet, greeting him with Assalamu Alaikum and sai knows ail that has passed between you and these people. He has deputed Ul in charge of the ‘Addaas fell on his knees before the and and embraced Islam. It was there that the angel Gabriel came tq isp with the Angel of the Mountains and said that if ‘Muhammad wanted, he vedfd blow the mountains over the people of Ta’if. When he was coming back to Makkah he stopped in Valley of Nakhla for prayer. He was reciting Quran when a group of jinn came to him and accepted Ista. Tt was to console him that you are a universal messenger. If mankind is not responding so there are other creation of Allah to listen to you. The event is mentioned in Surah Ahgaf. Book 1 ‘Page (19)te aay, the outskirts of Makkah, he senseg But when the Holy Prophet arrived in uncle, Abu Talib, was not oe be cdot reer sie a ached he th pol. Heretied ty oe peat he would be killed. So he sent = » nw les in the city tig each ofthe to tke hn under is proton. Two of them refised bg 9 third one ~ the gallant Mutim ibn Adiy ~ responded to his sign , May is lan to pyson their battle ‘ordered his sons, nephews and other young men of hi bf lhe city. He ro ‘n the eleventh year of his mission, during the Hajj Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) came ina place known as ‘Aqabah. Ups must surely be the Prophe a them that the coming of a Prophet (sallAllaahuy “Alsbhi ¥2)sallas)°%ho would spell doom for the Arabs, ish Makkah asa result of the Prophet's (sall- Allaaha ‘alayhi wa sallagn) Sal had spread all over Arabia, and thirdly, prior to the battle of Bu’ath, a numb¢Fof Medeentes had met the Prophet (sll-Allahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) and expressed interest in his teachings. Unlike the subsequent two meetings, this meeting was unplanned. In the following year, twelve Medeenese Muslims, ten from Khazraj and two from the ‘Aws tribe met the Prophet (sall-Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) at “Agabah in a meeting Which was known as the first pledge of ‘Aqabah. They pledged not to Commit the following acts; shirk, murder, theft, adultery, infantilSir Zafar Alam They also agreed to obey the Prophet (sall-Allaabu ‘alayhi wa sallam) in all situations and not to disobey him. In turn, the Prophet (sall-Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) promised them Paradise if they remained true to their oath. Another meeting was agreed for the following year. This pledge is also known as the Bay'at al-Nisaa’ as fighting to assist the Prophet (sall-Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) was not mentioned in the pledge. Following the pledge Mus'ab ibn ‘Umayr was sent with the twelve men to ‘Madeenah to teach them the doctrines of Istam. Staying at the house of As°ad bin Zurarah, one 9 who had attended the first two meats Ab began to propagate Islam. ‘Two important indivi i d ibn Hudayr, who initially hostile to Isk and intelligent raced Islam. ‘the thirteenth year of the 3 Madeenan Muslims, including them, and he assured gi Knowing full unanimously pledged Islam in Madeenah. Siftire meeting was conducted in secrecy, although the Makkans later came to kivow of it. Although the Qur’aanic command for fighting had not yet been revealed, this pledge was called Bay’at al-Harb as the Madeenans had agreed to fight, and if necessary sacrifice their lives for the Prophet (sall-Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam), Thus the Prophet's (sall-Allaahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) efforts to find support, both ideological and physical, for his mission bore fruit three years after his initial unplanned meeting with the six men from Khazraj with this historical Bay'at al-Harb. Bookt Page (2)Lie in Me Sw 2a som aa SIGNIFICANCE: > The Holy Prophet finally got success. > Due tothe pledges number of Muslims increased. > Muslim became confident. ledges to Yathrib > the pl Islam spread out of Makkah : : > Hetee of gab became the reason forthe migration of Muslims to yah, he filled it fakkah) to Masjid al- called Burag. Before he ‘Agsa (Jerusalem) on reached Jerusalem, he After that, the Prophet (pbuh) was brought two bowls; one of them had wine and the other had milk. He was told, “Have either of them!" The Prophet (pbut) chose the milk Jibril said tothe Prophet (pbut), "You chose the natural one; if you ‘had chosen the wine, your ummah would have gone astray after you.” FF ,-—«©—“-«§“ ={ZG«@G«uizi