THE AMERICAN

PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASSOCIATION GUIDELINES

Noynay, Calil Joy G.

3rd year BS Psychology
The American
Deception and full
Psychological Disclosure

Association Anonymity and

Confidentiality
Guidelines
The world’s largest scientific and professional association of
psychologists, that was founded in 1892. It is the largest
organization of psychologists in the United States as well as
in the world.
Who is targeted by APA ethical
guidelines?

APA ethical guidelines apply to psychologists and

students when they assume the role of psychologists
during research or practice.
Institutional review board (IRB)
Which are composed of laypeople and
researchers, evaluate research proposals to
make sure that they follow ethical standards.
The Belmont Report proposed three
principles
1. Respect for persons: individuals have the right of
self-determination (basis of informed consent).
2. Beneficence: minimize harm and maximize
potential benefits (basis of risk/benefit analysis).
3. Justice: fairness in both the burdens and benefits
of research.
Informed consent
Informed consent is the process
of telling potential research
particpants about the key
elements of a research study
and what their participation will
involve.
 Informed consent, Psychologists inform
participants about
1. The purpose of the research.
2. Their right to decline to participate and to withdraw.
3. The foreseeable consequences of declining or withdrawing.
4. Reasonably foreaseeable factors that may be expected to influence
their willingness to participate.
5. Any perspective research benefit.
6. Limits of confidentiality.
7. Incentives for participations.
8. Whom to contact for question about research and research
participant right.
Deception
Deception is the intentional misleading of
subjects or the withholding of full
information about the nature of the
experiment. Investigators may mislead or
omit information about the purpose of the
research, the role of the researcher, or
what procedures in the study are actually
experimental.

https://www.unlv.edu/research/ORI-HSR/deception-studies
What is a confederate?
Why is the use of a confederate deceptive?

A confederate is an experimenter’s accomplice.

Use of a confederate is deceptive because subjects are led to believe

that the confederate is another subject, experimenter, or bystander,
when he or she is actually part of the experimental manipulation.
 Full disclosure
The researcher has explained the
research study fully and has described
the subjects right to refuse to participate
and discussed the risks and benefits of
participation.

https://nursekey.com/ethics-in-research-2/
 Debriefing
The debriefing provides participants with
a full explanation of the hypothesis being
tested, procedures to deceive
participants and the reason(s) why it was
necessary to deceive them.

https://www.umass.edu/research/guidance/debriefing-process-
guidance
Anonymity
refers to collecting data without obtaining any
personal, identifying information

Confidentiality
refers to separating or modifying any personal,
identifying information provided by participants
from the data.
Thank

you!