S.K. Badge and A.V.

Deshpande Solid State Ionics 347 (2020) 115270

Fig. 3. WH - plot for profile of XRD patterns for all BLT ceramics by using XPowder software.

radius of La3+ and Bi3+. the integral breadth, volume weighted average domain size and the
The microstrain (ϵ) and domain size (D) of the La3+ modified microstrain as follows,
Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics from the corresponding XRD peaks were determined
βcosθ 1 2sinθ
by Williamson – hall (WH) plot method using the XPowder software. = + 2ϵ
λ D λ
WH-Plot is a classical method to obtain qualitative information of an-
isotropy in broadening. Williamson and Hall [29] assumed that both where, β is full width at the half maximum, D is domain size, λ is
domain size and microstrain broadened profiles are Lorentzian. Based wavelength, θ is peak position and ϵ is microstrain. Fig. 3 shows a WH-
on this assumption, a mathematical relation was established between plot for the La3+ doped Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics. The graph is plotted with