SOFTWARE: ENGINEERING SUPPORT

(M-I internal use only)

Software System Description Application

- ECD, ESD, temperature, hole-cleaning, and tripping
Integrated suite of programs
profiles in critical wells
to evaluate and design critical-
- Hydraulics and rheological behavior of synthetic-,
VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS* well drilling hydraulics under
oil- and water-based muds in extreme temperature
simulated downhole
and/or pressure environments, such as deepwater
conditions
and HTHP
Integrated suite of programs
- Complex displacements in conventional wells
to analyze and design brines,
- Conventional displacements in complex wells
VIRTUAL CF* completion fluids, and
- Brine density requirements and specifications
displacement operations under
- Properties of simple and complex brines
simulated field conditions
- Optimizes bridging particle size distribution
- Indicate filtrate invasion depth
Integrated suite of programs
- Select fluids based on reservoir, drilling, completion
VIRTUAL RDF* to select, design and optimize
and production information provided
reservoir drilling fluids.
- Formulate water and invert emulsion based fluids
- Select breaker systems for a given project
- Calcium carbonate blends for optimum particle-size
Program to optimize bridging
OPTIBRIDGE* of sandstone reservoirs
distribution in reservoir drill-in fluids
- Fluid-loss control and wellbore-cleanup design
 Collection of individual mud
and drilling-related - Drilling and completion engineering well planning,
M-I ENGINEERING TOOLBOX* engineering computer design, and evaluation
programs
Collection of individual
-Mixing and spotting of special crosslinked lost
engineering spreadsheet and
circulation pills, design APHRONICS drilling fluid
M-I SYSTEMS TOOLBOX* conventional programs used to
system, and monitor and treat barite sag in highly
solve mud and drilling-related
deviated wells
issues.
A knowledge based
management software to
Lost Circulation Advisor analyze and recommend the
-All types of lost circulation
best treatment
- Wellbore strengthening applications using the
Software package to design “Hoop Stress Enhancement” concept
Loss Prevention Material - Calculations of fracture width and LPM
OPTI-STRESS* treatments for wellbore formulations for optimum bridging
strengthening applications - Probabilistic determination of fracture width
distribution using Monte Carlo simulations
- Engineering calculations include standard and
routine fluids, waste management and solids
Tier-1 engineering software
control-related calculations
package that covers the whole
SPECTRUM* spectrum of M-I engineering
- Simplified-input VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS (VH)
style calculations
software
- Simplified-input VIRTUAL CF (VCF) style
calculations
VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS is a powerful tool for maximizing drilling fluid
performance, minimizing overall costs, and improving confidence levels while
using high-performance fluids in challenging deepwater and HTHP environments.
The integrated software suite uses state-of-the-art models for hydraulics, mud
rheology, temperature profiles, hole-cleaning performance, and surge/swab
pressures that consider the dramatic effects of pressure and temperatures on
downhole fluid properties.
 VIRTUAL RHEOLOGY uses an innovative "data-cube" concept to predict
*

mud rheological properties under downhole conditions.

 VIRTUAL RDH* considers the effects of downhole density and mud
rheological profiles, pipe rotation, eccentricity, and cuttings behavior to
accurately calculate pump pressure, ECD, ESD, and hole-cleaning profiles
during drilling.
 VH RHECON is a special VH application that executes multiple
reconnaissance scenarios ahead of the bit to determine consequences of
maintaining current hydraulics parameters and to evaluate prudent
adjustments. Each scenario can include multiple drilling, tripping, circulation,
and displacement segments.
 TPRO* uses a fully transient temperature simulator to determine the
downhole temperature profile under circulating and static conditions.
 DPRO* accurately determines equivalent static density profiles based on
temperature, pressure, and specific mud characteristics.
 TRIPPRO* executes transient surge and swab analyses with effects of
downhole density, rheology and time to determine optimum tripping
schedules while running pipe or casing.
 CLEANPRO* determines hole-cleaning profiles using fuzzy logic principles
that consider the effects of rotation, eccentricity, and downhole fluid
properties.

VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS NAVIGATOR is a unique software to

interactively examine downhole hydraulics simulated by VH using state-of-the-
art 3D visualization techniques. The software transforms VH results into
remarkable images of the downhole environment. VHN creates the perception
of being telepositioned downhole to view internal and side projections of the
wellbore, drill string, BHA, cuttings beds, annular velocity profiles, and various
downhole engineering parameters. As such, VHN is an ideal technology
companion to any 3D visualization system. The power of visualization in
combination with a collaboration element will also encourage active interaction
among relevant personnel in onshore drilling centers during all well-planning,
operational, and drilling phases.
VIRTUAL CF is an integrated suite of computer programs designed to
analyze the performance and behavior of heavy brines and other special fluids
used during completion and workover operations. This unique software
system is especially valuable for designing and evaluating complex
displacements and conventional displacements in complex wells.

 DPROB* determines the brine density profile based on a given surface

density or bottomhole pressure.
 DISPRO* calculates the dynamic displacement process (including
staging) and uniquely displays results as a static "rainbow chart". An
innovative "design overlay" feature is used to evaluate process details.
 DSIM* displays an animated simulation of the displacement process.
 WELLPRO* defines the well profile based on well-plan or well-survey
data.
 GEOM* handles casing and work-string/drill-string geometry
specifications.

VIRTUAL RDF consists of a suite of programs used in the selection,

design, and optimization of reservoir drilling fluids. The suite includes
OPTIBRIDGE, FINV, RDFx and RDF Formulator. In addition the
standard M-I SWACO reference modules, CONV and Tables are
included.
 OPTIBRIDGE optimizes bridging particle size distribution.
 FINV indicates potential filtrate invasion depth based on exposure time
and filtration properties.
 RDFx is a reservoir drilling fluid selector program that assists the project
engineer in choosing an appropriate RDF for a specific project. Fluid
selection is based on reservoir, drilling, completion and production
information provided.
 RDF Formulator is a reservoir drilling fluid formulation program. It is
capable of formulating water and invert emulsion based reservoir drilling
fluids. It has the ability to formulate all M-I SWACO.
 Breaker Advisor is a tool to assist selecting the best breaker product for
a specific job.

OPTIBRIDGE is a computer program used to determine the optimum

calcium carbonate blend to achieve maximum bridging of sandstone
reservoirs. Optimization is based on specific formation characteristics and
the particle-size distribution of available grades of SAFE-CARB. It also
can be used to optimize the blend based on screen sizes commonly used in
openhole completions.
 OPTI-STRESS is used to design Loss Prevention Material treatments for
wellbore strengthening applications utilizing the “Hoop Stress
Enhancement” concept. The software calculates width of induced shallow
fractures based on well design, rock elastic properties and in-situ earth
stresses. It also generates probabilistic distribution of fracture width using
Monte Carlo simulations to address uncertainties. Finally, it recommends
LPM formulations and particle size distributions to prop and seal the
fractures and provide optimum bridging.

Bleeding off pressure

behind bridge

Additional
Hoop Stress

Creating a bridge and sealing it

SPECTRUM is a Tier-1 engineering software package that is intended to cover

the whole spectrum of M-I engineering software. The primary purpose of
SPECTRUM is to target our competitors’ high-end software and thereby
maintain distinction with our "virtual" suite of software. The initial release of
SPECTRUM is intended to merge existing calculations available in PCMOD
with simplified-input VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS and VIRTUAL CF
calculations. The primary features of SPECTRUM include:

 Engineering calculations - the software includes standard and

routine fluids, waste management and solids control-related
calculations available in PCMOD.
 VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS calculations - the software
includes simplified-input VIRTUAL HYDRAULICS (VH)
style calculations, such as the SNAPSHOT, or TRIPPRO.
 VIRTUAL CF calculations - the software includes simplified
version of VIRTUAL CF (VCF), such as those found with
VCF v1.2.
M-I ENGINEERING TOOLBOX is a collection of individual engineering
computer programs used to solve mud and drilling-related issues. The
TOOLBOX includes the following programs:

 TDM* calculates drill-string torque and drag while drilling or tripping

in directional wells.
 LOGPLOT* helps estimate formation pore pressures from wireline
logs. Shale resistivity, conductivity, or interval transit time values are
plotted on-screen for interactive interpretation using built-in pore-
pressure overlays.
 STRESSES* uses modified Kirch equations and field data to
calculate the mud-weight range required to maintain a stable wellbore
when drilling highly deviated wells.
 SEC is a collection of equipment and waste management related
programs.
 FRAC* generates customized fracture gradient tables and charts
based on local overburden gradient profiles and matrix stress
coefficients.
 MUDCALC* makes build calculations for water, oil, synthetic, and
calcium chloride-based mud systems for use in the laboratory,
wellsite, and mixing plant.
 CONV converts engineering values from one units set into a variety
of alternative oilfield unit sets.

M-I SYSTEMS TOOLBOX is a collection of individual engineering

spreadsheet and conventional programs used to solve mud and drilling-
related issues. The TOOLBOX includes the following programs:

 FASware* provides assistance with mixing and spotting

specialized M-I crosslinked lost circulation pills.
 APHRONICS* System Applicability is an engineering tool
designed to evaluate the applicability of the APHRONICS drilling
fluid system under specific well conditions.
 SagWare provides assistance for monitoring and treating barite
sag in highly deviated and extended-reach wells.
 LOST CIRCULATION ADVISOR (LCA) is software
developed jointly by Schlumberger and MI. It is aimed at
analyzing any lost circulation case and recommending the
best treatment to control the losses. The LCA is a knowledge
management software based on the field experience of the
lost circulation expertise. . Regardless of the loss type
(partial or complete) and the current operation (drilling or
cementing) the LCA guides field personnel towards the best
lost circulation treatment. Based on the input data that
include well data, previous lost circulation treatments,
current action (drilling or cementing), estimated loss rate and
openhole stratigraphy, the LCA identifies the type of loss
and its depth. Finally, the LCA recommends the best lost
circulation treatment from a list of generic and specialized
systems available from MI and Schlumberger. Once the best
lost circulation treatment is identified, complete technical
data is provided for the design of the treatment.

* Mark of M-I L.L.C.