A.

Course Details

COURSE CODE Ed. Math 7

COURSE NAME Modern Geometry
COURSE DESCRIPTION This course covers projective planes, projectivities, analytic projective
geometry, cross ratio and harmonic sequences, geometric transformations and
isometries.
NUMBER OF UNITS 3 units (Lec.)
PREREQUISITE Plane and Solid Geometry, Logic and Set Theory

B. Course Outcomes
At the end of this course, the students should be able to:
1. show how projective geometry relates to Euclidean geometry
2. describe the properties of projective geometry and projective planes
3. illustrate the principles of duality
4. define the terms “point at infinity(or ideal point)” and line at infinity
5. outline the proofs and consequences of the theorems of Pappus and Desargues
6. illustrate the concepts of “perspective from a line” and “perspective from a point”
7. compute the cross ration and illustrate its projective invariance
8. illustrate harmonic sets, harmonic conjugates and complete quadrangles
9. work effectively with homogeneous coordinates
C. Course Outline

WEEK TOPICS
1 Introduction and Historical Background
1. From Euclidean Geometry to non-Euclidean Geometry
2. Some geometries: hyperbolic, elliptic, inversive and projective
2-3 The Projective Plane
1. Axioms of the projective plane
2. Principle of duality
3. Number of points/lines in a finite projective plane
4. Applications
4-5 Triangles and Quadrangles
1. Definitions
2. Desarguesian plane
3. Harmonic sequence of points/lines
6-7 Projectivties
1. Central Perspectivity
2. Projectivity
3. Fundamental Theorem of projective geometry
4. Theorem of Pappus
8-9 Analytic Projective Geometry
1. Projective plane determined by a three-dimensional vector space over
a field
2. Homogeneous coordinates of points/lines
3. Line determined by two points
4. Point determined by two lines
5. Collinearity, concurrency
10-11 Linear Independence of Points/Lines
1. Definition
2. Analytic proofs of some theorems like Desargues’ Theorem
12 The Real Projective Plane
1. Ideal points
2. Ideal line
13-14 Matrix Representation of Projectivities
1. Derivation of matrix representation
2. Fundamental theorem of projective geometry (analytic approach)
 15-16 Geometric Transformations
1. Affine transformation and affine plane
2. Similarity transformation
3. Homothetic transformation
17-18 Isometries
1. Types of isometries
2. Products of isometries
3. Applications of isometries to the solution of some geometric problems

D. Suggested Teaching Strategies

 Lectures, exercises, discussion, individual inquiry
E. Suggested Assessment/Evaluation
 Quizzes, problem sets, long exams, midterm exam, final exam
F. References
 Coxeter and Greitzer.Geometry Revisited
 Smart.Modern Geometry
 Hughes and Piper. Projective Planes