METHODS OF DATA

COLLECTION
 DATA COLLECTION

In order to have accurate data, the

researcher must know the right sources
and right way of collecting and
presenting them.
 SOURCES OF DATA
Secondary
Primary DATA DATA
Collected from an original Collected from published or
source of data unpublished source of data

Data collected from interviews and Like books, newspaper and thesis
surveys
 METHODS OF COLLECTION
1. INTERVIEW Method
- this is a direct way or personal contact with
the primary source of data
- series of well - planned questions are asked to
the person (subject of the study)
2. QUESTIONNAIRE Method
- this is an indirect way of collecting data that
may done online or through paper distributed
to the respondents of the study
- convenient but no guarantee that
respondents will answer honestly and return
the questionnaire

The next slide will give you some tips on the characteristics of a good questions…
3. REGISTRATION Method
- gathering is done from concerned offices
Example: Voters in Barangay X
Dean’s Lister in CASE

4. OBSERVATION Method
- this is done purely based on the use of senses
Example:
Attitude and behavior of students given a particular
situation
5. EXPERIMENTAL Method
- gathering is done thru experimentation
- looking into the cause and effect relationships
of a certain parameter or event under a
controlled condition.
- This is commonly used in the field of science
 Validity and Reliability
Reliability implies consistency
• the degree to which an assessment tool produces
stable and consistent results.

Validity when it measures what is intended to be

measured
• refers to how well a test measures what it is supposed
to measure.
For a test to be reliable, it also needs to be valid.
Reliability vs. Validity
Source: Middleton, F., June 26, 2020, Reliability vs validity: what’s the difference?
https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/reliability-vs-validity/
 Sample Size Formula
Prior to collection of data, it is important to take note the samples to be utilized in
a particular study. Commonly, if the population is large we resort to a reliable number
of sample that could represent the population.
It is helpful first to use the Slovin’s Formula.

Note: A margin of error tells you how many percentage points your results will differ from the real
population value.
For example, a 95% confidence interval with a 4 percent margin of
error means that your statistic will be within 4 percentage points of
the real population value 95% of the time.

You may use this link to compute for the margin of error
https://www.surveymonkey.com/mp/margin-of-error-calculator/
 Illustrations
Fill in the table with the correct sample size.
N e e in decimals n
1 2500 14% 0.14 50
2 11000 12% 0.12 69
3 3000 5% 0.05 353
4 5500 3% 0.03 924
5 1200 6% 0.06 226

SAMPLE Computation
For row 1:
Note: sample size n must be
discrete (whole number)
not in decimals.
You may now compute and try rows 2 to 5.
 Sampling Techniques
A. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING – equal chances of being chosen to
be included in the study
It can be done thru:
Lottery method – names are placed in a bowl and picked at random

B. SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

1. Stratified Random sampling - population is divided in different classes and
each class must be represented in the study
Example: Your target population are the BS Med Tech students
There are N = 1500 BS Med Tech students with 4 year levels e = 5%,
then using Slovin’s Formula

n = 316
Using the Stratified Random sampling where n = 316
Year Level N Percentage n
1st Year 1200 1200/1500 =0.8 *100 = 80% 0.80*316 = 253
2nd Year 200 200/1500 =0.13 *100 = 13% 0.13*316 = 42
3rd Year 60 60/1500 =0.04 *100 = 4% 0.04*316 = 13
4th Year 40 40/1500 =0.03 *100 = 3% 0.03*316 = 9
1500 n = 316

This implies that your samples will be a total of 316, represented by

253 from First year, 42 from Second year, 13 from third year and
9 from fourth year.

2. Cluster Sampling - in this techniques samples are selected not by individuals

but by groups or cluster. The geographical area is divided into a desired number
of clusters at random.
C. PURPOSIVE SAMPLING
The samples were chosen with the sole purpose that they are
knowledgeable or suited to answer inquiries of the study

D. QUOTA SAMPLING
This is commonly used in polls. The research sets a required number of
samples (quota) then, after meeting it the collection of data is done.
Example: In a particular Entrance Exam to be included in a Scholarship
grant, a certain grade is required or stated to be included.

E. CONVENIENCE SAMPLING
The samples were chosen based on the accessibility of the researcher to
the target participants in the study.

To understand this further you may watch this video https://youtu.be/pTuj57uXWlk

 PRESENTATION OF DATA
Bar Charts, Pie Charts, Histograms, Stemplots, Timeplots

Quickly learn about bar charts, pie charts, histograms, stemplots,

timeplots, and learn about which type of graphical tool is
appropriate for describing quantitative variables, and categorical
variables.

You may watch the video: https://youtu.be/uHRqkGXX55I

 NEXT:
Data Presentation