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    CHAIMAE BENJABAR
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    ASTM D 854

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    67 views3 pages

    Astm D 854

    Uploaded by

    CHAIMAE BENJABAR

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    ASTM D 854 - 92 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF SOILS Scope This test method covers the determination of the specific gravity of soils that pass the 4.75 mm sieve by means of a pycnometer. When the soil contains particles larger than the 4.75 mm sieve, Test method C 127 shall be used for the material retained on the 4,75 mm sieve. Definitions Si ity : the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material at a stated temperature to the mass df the same volume of gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature. Significance and Use The specific gravity of a soil is used in calculating the phase relationships of soils (that is the relative vdlumes of solids to water and air in a given volume of soil, ‘Apparatus Balance : A balance or scale accurate to within 0.1 % of the weight of the test sample at any point within the range of use. Pycnometer : a volumetric flask having a capacity of at least 100 mL. or a stoppered boitle having a capacity of at least 50 mL. The stopper shall be of the same material. and shall permit the emission of air and surplus water when it is put in place. Sieves : Sieves conforming to ASTM E 11 Drying Oven : An oven providing free circulation of air and capable of m temperature of 110 + 5°C. Thermometer : Capable of measuring the temperature range within which the test is being performed, graduated in a 0.5 OC division scale and meeting the requirements of specification F 1 Desiccator : A desiccator cabinet or large desiccator jar of suitable size containing silica gel. Entrapped Air Removal Apparatus : A hot plate, Bunsen burner or vacuum system fo remove entrapped air. taining a Samples minimurp mass in the oven-dried state 20 g for the soils 100 % passing from 2 mm sieve and 100 “Test samples may be oven-dried or moist soil and shall be representative of the total sample. Its g for the Is 100 % passing from 4.75 mm sieve. Ans Procedure Select a pycnometer of sufficient capacity that the volume filled to the mark will be at least 50 percent greater than the space required to accommodate the test specimen. Determine and record the mass of a clean, dry pycnometer ( Mr). -Fill the pycnometer with distilled water to the calibration mark. After ensuring that there are no air bubbles in water, record the mass of the pyenometer and water ( M, ). Insert a thermometer in the water, and determine and record its temperature to the nearest 0.5 °C (T). Test Method A (procedure for oven-dried specimens) -Dry the soil to'a constant mass at a temperature of 110 + 5 °C and cool it in a desiccator. -Place the specimen in the pycnometer. Then determine the mass of the specimen and pycnometer, ‘and subtract the mass of the pycnometer, Mr, from this value to determine the mass of the oven- dry specimen ( M, ). -Fill the pycnometer with distilled water to a level slightly above that required to cover the soil and soak the specimen at least 12 h. -Remove the entrapped air by one of the following methods : « Boil the specimen gently for at least ten minutes while agitating the pycnometer occasionally to assist in the removal of air. Then cool the heated specimen to room temperature. . Subject the contents of the pycnometer to a vacuum (air pressure no exceeding 100 mm Hg) for at least 30 min. While the vacuum is applied, gently agitate the pycnometer periodically to assist in the removal of air. Same soils boil violently when subjected to reduced air. It will be necessary in those cases to reduce the air pressure at a slower rate or to use a larger flask. Fill the pycnometer to just below the calibration mark with distilled water at room temperature, ‘Add the distilled water slowly and carefully to avoid the entrapment of air bubbles in the specimen. Allow the pycnometer to obtain a uniform water temperature. Fill the pycnometer with distilled water at the same temperature to the mark, clean the outside and dry with a clean, dry cloth. Determine and record the mass of the pycnometer filled with soil and water ( Mg ). -Insert a thermometer into water, and determine and record its temperature to the nearest 0.5 "C (Ty). Test Method B (procedure for moist specimens) “Place the specimen in pycnometer (disperse specimens of clay soils in distilled water before they are placed in the pycnometer, by use of the dispersing equipment specified in ASTM D 422. The ‘minimum volume of slurry that can be prepared by this dispersing equipment is such that a 500 mL (or larger) flask is needed as a pycnometer), -Remove the entrapped air as discussed test method A. Fill the pycnometer to just below the calibration mark with distilled water at room temperature. ‘Add the distilled water slowly and carefully to avoid the entrapment of air bubbles in the specimen. Allow the pycnometer to obtain a uniform water temperature. -Fill the pycnometer with distilled water at the same temperature to the mark, clean the outside and dry with a clean, dry cloth. Determine and record the mass of the pycnometer filled with soil and water ( My ). Insert a thermometer into water, and determine and record its temperature to the nearest 0.5 °C (T). -Remove the specimen from the temperature of 110 + 5 °C and cool i /enometer. Dry the specimen to a constant mass at a in a desiccator. Then determine the mass of the soil (M, ) cory Calculations Calculate the specific gravity of the soil, G, to the nearest 0.01, based on water at a temperature (Tp) follows: Gat Ty=Mo/[Mo+(My-My)] where M,= mass of sample of oven-

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