In the Theory of Vision or Visual Language Vindicated and Explained (hereafler

VL), which is written after Principles, Berkeley puts the doctrine of the Principles
in the following way: "Ideas, which are observed to be connected together are
vulgarly considered under the relation of cause-effect, whereas, in strict and
philosophic they are only related as (sign) and to the thing signified Language, then,
replaces causality and necessity Berkeley begins his argument in VL by writing
that: "I shall therefore now begin with that conclusion, that vision is the language
of the Author of nature, from thence deducing theorems and solutions of
phenomena, and explaining the nature of visible things, and the visive faculty
Descartes disconnects the king of ideas from the king of things while retaining
encoding causal connections between things and ideas-connections are made
outside the mind. Berkeley internalizes ideas of visual distance and depth within the
mind, and the connections between ideas are thus not external to mind but interna1
to mind, and their significance stems from experience, not causality. Ideas of
distance are not caused within us because of natural geometry, but we learn that
certain immediate ideas sign the idea of distance.