CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

- Provides communication between widely separated body parts

through transportation of hormones, nutrients, wastes, respiratory
gases, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, water, leukocytes, and
antibodies.
- Contributes directly or indirectly to body metabolic functions such as
perfusion with oxygen and nutrients by the tissue, water balance,
immunity, enzymatic reactions, pH, and temperature regulation.

BLOOD

 An average adult has 5 to 6 quarts (4.7 to 5.6 liters) of blood, which is

made up of plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
 Transporting medium
 More viscous than water

Components of Blood: - Responsible in fighting

pathogens in body.
 Plasma
- Granulocytes – originates in
- liquid part of water and is
bone marrow and consists of:
composed of 90% water, ions,
Neutrophils (50-70% of total
and proteins
WBC, Active Phagocytes),
 Erythrocytes or Red Blood
Eosinophil (1-4% for
Cells
allergies), Basophils (0-1%
- biconcave disc
for inflammation)
- formed in red marrow of
 Thrombocytes or Platelets
vertebrae, sternum, ribs, iliac
- For blood clotting
crest, scapulae and skull.
- Anucleate cellular fragments
- Life span is 120 days; old RBC
associated with hemostasis
are removed by the reticulo-
(stoppage of blood flow
endothelial cells of the liver,
within 3-6 minutes) occurs
spleen, and bone marrow are
when a blood vessel breaks.
replaced daily.
 Leukocytes or White Blood
Cells
BLOOD VESSELS

- Tubes of varying diameters through which blood passes

 Arteries – carries blood away from the heart
 Veins – carry blood back to the heart
 Capillaries – mixed oxygenated blood

HEART

- Highly muscular pumping organ located in the pericardial cavity

enclosed by a pericardium.
- Pushes blood all over the body
- 2/3 to the left of medial
- Average heart rate is 75 beat per minute (BPM) at 0.8 sec/cycle

4 Chambers of the Heart

1. Right and Left Atria – receive blood from the periphery and pump
blood to the ventricles.
2. Right and Left Ventricle – are thick-walled & muscular; they pump
blood to the lungs and into systematic circulation
 Left Ventricle – it forms the APEX of the heart.
 Circulation

- The human circulatory system consists of several circuits:

1. Pulmonary Circuit – provides blood flow between the heart and
lungs.
2. Systemic Circuit – allows blood to flow to and from the rest of
the body.
3. Coronary Circuit – strictly provides blood to the heart.

Blood Flow

1. Deoxygenated blood from the superior and interior vena cava enters the
right atrium.
2. Passes through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle
3. Pumped through pulmonary valve into pulmonary trunk
4. Pulmonary trunk branches into left and right pulmonary arteries
leading to the lungs.
5. Blood is oxygenated, it returns to heart via pulmonary veins
6. Blood enters the left atrium, pumped through the bicuspid (mitral)
valve into the left ventricle.
7. Blood is ejected through the aortic valve into the aorta into systemic
circulation.
Blood Groups

Heartstrings