SUBMITTED TO – MR.

VIKAS DIXIT

MADE BY –

RAHUL TRIPATHI

CLASS – XII

ROLL NO - 34

P.O – VIDU
VIDUTNA
TNAGAR
GAR

PIN – 224238
A state of having sucient biological defenses to avoid
infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion.

Capability of the body to resist harmful microbes from

entering the body.

2
 CONTENTS PAGE NUMBER
IMMUI!" #
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 !his is to certify that +ahul !ripathi and of

class :II has successfully completed this
8iology pro;ect on the topic <IMMUI!"=
prescribed by Mr. 5i>as &i?it 'ir, during
academic session 232@234 as per the
guidelines issues by Central 8oard of
'econdary (ducation.

Mr. 5i>as &i?it

(?ternal (?aminer
/.*.! 8I%*"B

6
Immune
system

#
)
*ranulocy
tes
NeutrophilsC eutrophils defend
against bacterial or fungal infection ,
have a multilobed nucleus. !he life span
of a circulating human neutrophil is
about #.6 days.

EosinophilsC (osinophils primarily deal

with parasitic infections. (osinophils are
also the predominant inDammatory
cells in allergic reactions. !hey have a
bi@lobed nucleus.

BasophilsC 8asophils are chieDy

responsible for allergic and antigen
response by releasing the chemical
histamine causing vasodilation .

-
Agranulocy
tes
Lymphocytes: common in the
lymph system and of three
typesC 8 cells, ! cells and natural
>iller cells.

Monocytes: they present pieces

of pathogens to ! cells so that the
pathogens may be recogniEed
again and >illed. Monocytes
eventually leave the bloodstream
to become tissue macrophages.


1
 &efense
mechanisms

3
 Active
(Immunization)


 Innate immunity
AFrst line of defenseB

2
First line of
defense

4
%ysis of infected cell

6
ArtiFcial adaptive immunity

#
Memory 8 cells forms plasma cells which
release immunoglobins IgsB

)
Mucosal Immunity

-
  !he mucosal immune system
protects the internal surfaces of
the body

  !he mucosal immune system

ㆍ *I tract
ㆍ +espiratory tract
ㆍ Urogenital tract
ㆍ e?ocrine glands associated
with these organs

 In a healthy human adult, this

local immune system contributes
almost 3G of all immunocytes.

  !hese cells are accumulated in,

or in transit between, various
mucosa@associated lymphoid
tissues MA%!B, which together
form the largest mammalian
lymphoid organ system.
 Macrophag
es

/lasma Ig A and Ig
cells *
Compositi
on of
MA%! 

8 cells  ! cells


  !ypes of MA%!
&epending in the
region it is present

1
 Immunity
conferred by
vaccines
 23

• /ositive events of the day seem to have a stronger helpful

impact on immune function. 0aving a good time on Monday
still had a positive eHect on the immune system by
ednesday.

•  !he freJuent hand washing can brea> down the natural oils
on the s>in that serve as the Frst line or layerB of defense
for the immune system.

• 'tudies show that people who lac> humor in their lives tend
to have less protective immune responses.

• hile the body needs some sunlight to produce vitamin &,

too much sunshine can suppress the immune system.

2
 !o ma>e this pro;ect I have ta>en source from the following
boo>s@

. +amesh *upta
2. 8iology .C.(.+.!

I have ta>en source from internet too , and ta>en help of our
biology teacher Mr. 5i>as &i?it sir.

22
e would li>e to than> our 8iology sir Mr.
5i>as &i?it, who provided us this opportunity
to ma>e a pro;ect on <IMMUI!"= which really
helped us to understand the concepts of
Immunity of our body.

24