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1. A process cost summary is a managerial accounting report that describes all but which of
the
following:
2. A system of accounting in which costs are accumulated and then measured per unit at the
end
4. An organizational unit of a factory that has the responsibility for partially manufacturing or
producing a product is called a:
A. Production department.
B. Service department.
C. Primary department.
D. Responsibility department.
E. Control department.
A. All labor used exclusively by that department, even if the labor is not applied to the
product itself.
B. All labor used exclusively by that department, but only if the labor is applied to the product
itself.
C. All labor for that department, including labor for services that help more than one
D. Only labor that helps more than one production department, such as clerical, repair, and
computer technicians.
7. After posting all actual factory overhead and applying factory overhead to production
8. A costing system that omits recording some or all of the journal entries relating to the cycle
from
A) dependent costing
B) synchronous costing
C) sequential costing
D) backflush costing
11. All of the following are potential financial benefits of just-in-time EXCEPT:
12. An accounting system that collects financial and operating data on the basis of underlying
nature and extent of the cost drivers is
A) Activity-based costing
B) Target costing
C) Cycle-time costing
D) Variable costing
13. What is the normal effect on the numbers of cost pools and allocation bases when an
activity-based cost (ABC) system replaces a traditional cost system?
A) No effect No effect
B) Increase No effect
C) No effect Increase
D) Increase Increase
14. Cost drivers are
D) A mechanical basis, such as machine hours, computer time, size of equipment, or square
footage of factory, used to assign costs to activities.
15. Which of the following would be a reasonable basis for allocating the materials handling
costs to the units produced in an activity-based costing system?
16. What type of cost is the result of an event that results in more than one product or service
simultaneously?
A) By-product cost
B) Joint cost
C) Main cost
D) Separable cost
17. All costs incurred beyond the split-off point that are assignable to one or more individual
products are called:
A) By-product costs
B) Joint costs
C) Main costs
D) Separable costs
18. When a single manufacturing process yields two products, one of which has a relatively
high sales
value compared to the other, the two products are respectively known as:
19. Which of the following statements is true regarding main products and byproducts?
20. A document in a job order costing system that is used to record the costs of producing a
job is a(n):
B) Job lot
ACCTG 108
PROBLEMS
1. Flor Company consumed P450,000 worth of direct materials during May, 2018. At the end
of the month, the direct materials inventory of Flor was P25,000 lower than the May 1
inventory level. How much was the direct materials procured during May 2018?
__________________
Answer/Solution:
Or, alternatively:
2. Job No. 010 has, at the end of the second week in April, an accumulated total cost of P
4,200. In the third week, P 1,010 of direct materials were used on the Job. Twenty (20) hours
of direct labor services were applied to the job at a cost of P5 per hour. Manufacturing
overhead was applied at the basis of P2.50 per direct labor hour for fixed overhead and P2 per
hour for variable overhead. Job No. 010 was the only job completed during the third week.
The total cost of Job Order No. 010 is ____________________.
Answer/Solution:
Factory overhead is 125% of direct labor cost and includes indirect materials and indirect
labor. The cost of goods manufactured is _______________________.
Answer/Solutions:
Added:
E&F Tool has three service departments that support the production area. Outlined below is
the estimated overhead by department for the upcoming year.
Estimated Number of
Receiving P 25,000 2
Repair 35,000 2
Tool 10,000 1
Production Departments
Assembly 25
Bolting 12
The Repair Department supports the greatest number of departments, followed by the Tool
Department. Overhead cost is allocated to departments based upon the number of employees.
4. Using the direct method of allocation, how much of the Repair Department’s overhead will
be allocated to the Tool Department? __________________________.
Answer: Zero
Explanation: The direct method allocates service department costs directly to the producing
departments without recognition of services provided among the service departments. Hence,
no service cost is allocated to the Tool Department because it is a service department.
5. Using the step-down method of allocation, the allocation from the Repair Department to
the Tool Department would be ___________________.
Answers/Solutions: P 875
Service
% of employees:
(2 : 1 : 25 : 12 = 5% : 25% :
Bronson Company, which had 6,000 units in work-in-process at January 1 that were 60%
complete as to conversion costs. During January, 20,000 units were completed. At January 31,
8,000 units remained in WIP which were 40% complete as to conversion costs. Materials are
added at the beginning of the process.
Using the weighted average method, the equivalent units for January for conversion costs
were ____________________________.
Answer/Solutions:
28,000
28,000 23,200
6. Using the same information at No. 1, how many units were started during January?
_________________
Answer/Solution:
28,000
7. The Fabricating Department started the current month with a beginning Work in Process
inventory of P10,000. During the month, it was assigned the following costs: direct materials,
P76,000; direct labor, P24,000; and factory overhead, 50% of direct labor cost. Also,
inventory with a cost of P109,000 was transferred out of the department to the next phase in
the process. The ending balance of the Work in Process Inventory account for the Fabricating
Department is ___________________.
Answer/Solution:
8. A company uses a process costing system. Its Assembly Department's beginning inventory
consisted of 30,000 units, 75% complete with respect to direct labor and overhead. The
department completed and transferred out 127,500 units this period. The ending inventory
consists of 20,000 units that are 25% complete with respect to direct labor and overhead. All
direct materials are added at the beginning of the process. The department incurred direct
labor costs of P24,000 and overhead costs of P32,000 for the period. Assuming the weighted
average method, the direct labor cost per equivalent unit (rounded to the nearest cent) is
______________________.
Answer/Solution:
Cost ÷ EUP
(P24,000/132,500) P0.18/EUP
9. Andrews Corporation uses a process costing system for manufacturing. The following
Answer/Solution:
Total cost P463,000/Equivalent units of production 110,000 = P4.21 cost per equivalent unit
of production.
10. During April, the production department of a process operations system completed and
transferred to finished goods 18,000 units that were in process at the beginning of April and
90,000 units that were started and completed in April. April's beginning inventory units were
100% complete with respect to materials and 40% complete with respect to labor. At the end
of April, 30,000 additional units were in process in the production department and were 100%
complete with respect to materials and 60% complete with respect to labor. The beginning
inventory included materials cost of P107,000 and the production department incurred direct
materials cost of P329,000 during the month. Compute the direct materials cost per equivalent
unit for the department using the weighted-average method. _____________________
Answer/Solution:
11. Williams Company computed its cost per equivalent unit for direct materials to be P2.60
and its cost per equivalent unit for conversion to be P3.75. A total of 250,000 units of product
were completed and transferred out as finished goods during the month, and 36,000 of
equivalent units remained unfinished at the end of the month. The amount that should be
reported in ending Work in Process Inventory is __________________.
Answer/Solution:
Required:
Record all journal entries for the monthly activities related to the above transactions if
backflush costing is used. (conversion cost, finished goods and sale)
12. ______________________
______________________
13. ______________________
______________________
14. ______________________
______________________
Answer:
15. Changi Ong, general manager of Casio Corporation’s Midwest Division, has provided the
following information for transactions that occurred during March. The division uses a JIT
costing system.
e) Applied conversion costs totaled P300,000. This included P77,000 of direct labor.
Answer/Solution:
16. Using the same information in No. 15, compute the March 31 balance in the Finished
goods account: _________________________
Answer/Solution:
17. Katherine, owner of KCO Supply Company in Cebu, which manufactures chopsticks for
restaurants, has recently decided to implement a JIT costing system. Transactions for August
are as follows:
e) Applied conversion costs totaled P8,100,000. This included P2,500,000 of direct labor.
Answer/Solution:
18. Using the same information in No. 17, compute the amount of Finished goods after all
transactions have been completed. _____________________
Answer/Solution:
P9,050,000
19 - 20. Two of the activity cost pools for Sabrina Company are (a) machining (P800,000)
and (b)inspections (P84,000). Possible cost drivers are direct labor hours (5,000), machine
hours (25,000), square footage (4,000), and number of inspections (300).
Answer/Solution:
P800,000
A. Machining: —————————— = P32 per machine hour
25,000 machine hours
P84,000
B. (b) Inspections: ———————- = P280 per inspection
300 inspections
Compute activity-based costing rates from the following budgeted data for Freddy's Fashions:
Answer/Solution:
Sabrina Company is placing an ad in the local paper to advertise its products. The ad will run
for oneweek at a total cost of P5,500. Sabrina Company has four categories of products as
follows:
24. Refer to Sabrina Company. What amount of advertising cost should be allocated to
hardware, assuming Sabrina allocates based on percent of floor space occupied?
________________
Answer/Solution:
25. Refer to Sabrina Company. Assume that Sabrina decides to allocate based on expected
sales value. What amount of advertising cost should be allocated to light fixtures?
_____________
Answer/Solution:
26. Gable Company produces two main products jointly, A and B, and C, which is a
by-product of B. A and B are produced form the same raw material. C is manufactured from
the residue of the process creating B. Costs before separation are apportioned between the two
main products by the net realizable value method. The net revenue realized from the sale of C
is deducted from the cost of B. Data for April were as follows:
A 50,000
B 32,000
C 4,000
A 800,000
B 200,000
C 20,000
Answer/Solution:
COST (4,000)
NRV P2,000
NRV:
P400,000
ALLOCATION:
UNIT COST:
GROSS PROFIT:
P165,000
27. Earl Corporation, which manufactures a product that gives rise to a by-product called
“Zafa”. The only costs associated with Zafa are selling costs of P1 for each unit sold. Earl
accounts for Zafa sales first by deducting its separable costs from such sales, and then by
deducting this net amount from cost of sales of the major product. This year, 1000 unit of
Zafa were sold at P4 each.
If Earl changes its method of accounting for Zafa sales by showing the net amount as
additional sales revenue, Earl’s gross margin would __________________.
A. Be unaffected
B. Increase by P3,000
C. Decrease by P3,000
D. Increase by P4,000
Answer: A. Be unaffected
The gross margin equals sales minus cost of sales. Before the change, the net amount was
deducted from cost of sales. After the change, the net amount is added to regular sales with no
additional increase in cost of goods sold. Hence, the gross margin will be the same.
28. Using the same information in No. 27, and Earl changes its method of accounting for Zafa
sales by showing the net amount as other income, Earl’s gross margin will _____________.
A. Be unaffected
B. Increase by P3,000
C. Decrease by P3,000
D. Increase by P4,000
Sales revenue minus cost of goods sold is gross margin. If the net revenue from the
by-product is recorded as other income rather than being deducted form cost of goods sold,
the gross margin will decrease by P3,000.
29. Using the same information in No. 27, and Earl records the net realizable value of Zafa as
inventory as it is produced, what will the per unit value be? ____________
Answer: P3
The NRV is selling price minus cost to complete and cost to dispose. The selling price of Zafa
is P4, and the selling costs are P1. Given no competition or additional processing costs, unit
net realizable value is P3.
30. Using the same information in No. 27, and Earl sold 1,000 units of Zafa. Assuming that
1,500 units were produced for the year and that net realizable value is recorded as inventory.
Earl’s net income will increase by _____________________.
Answer: P4,500
31. Using the same information in No. 27, and Earl records Zafa inventory at net realizable
value as it is produced this year, what will be the profit recognized next year on a sale of 500
units?
___________________
Answer: P-0-
Because net realizable value is selling price minus completion and disposal cost, there is no
profit upon sale. The sale of P500 units of Zafa with an inventory value of P3 per unit will
produce no profit (P4 unit selling price - P3 inventory cost - P1 selling cost = P0).
32. The Arvid Corporation manufactures widgets, gizmos, and turnbols from a joint process.
May production is 2,000 widgets; 3,500 gizmos; and 4,000 turnbols. Respective per unit
selling prices at splitoff are P30, P20, and P10. Joint costs up to the splitoff point are P75,000.
If joint costs are allocated based upon the sales value at splitoff, what amount of joint costs
will be allocated to the widgets? ___________________
Answer/Solution:
Total = P170,000
P60,000/P170,000 × P75,000 = P26,471
Product X is sold for P32 a unit and Product Y is sold for P48 a unit. Each product can also be
sold at the splitoff point. Product X can be sold for P10 and Product Y for P8. Joint costs for
the two products totaled P2,000 for January for 300 units of X and 250 units of Y. What are
the respective joint costs assigned each unit of products X and Y if the sales value at splitoff
method is used?
Answer/Solution:
XYZ Company has identified the following overhead activities, costs, and activity drivers
for the coming year:
Assume that each activity corresponds to a process. XYZ’s normal activity is 5,000 direct
labor hours. The following two jobs were completed during March:
Determine the unit cost for each job using direct labor hours to apply overhead.
Answer/Solution:
Total overhead = P45,000 + P80,000 + P15,000 + P30,000 + P50,000 = P220,000 / 5,000 DL
hours = P44 per DL hour
Job X-1 Job Y-4
Materials ................. P1,500 P2,000
Labor....................... 750 750
Overhead................. 2,200 (50 × P44) 2,200 (50 × P44)
Total........................ P4,450 P4,950
Divided by units ..... ÷ 200 ÷ 200
Per unit.................... P22.25 P24.75
Determine the unit cost for each job using the activity drivers to apply overhead.
37. Job X-1 _____________________
Answer/Solution:
Materials handling P45,000 / 450 = P100 per move
Machine time P80,000 / 20,000= P4 per machine hour
Ordering P15,000 / 750 = P20 per order
Receiving P30,000 / 50,000= P0.60 per part
Setup P50,000 / 250 = P200 per setup
Job X-1 Job Y-4
Materials ................. P1,500 P2,000
Direct labor ............. 750 750
Moves ..................... 300 (3 × P100) 600 (6 × P100)
Machine .................. 500 (125 × P4) 300 (75 × P4)
Orders ..................... 60 (3 × P20) 240 (12 × P20)
Parts ........................ 120 (200 × P0.60) 480 (800 × P0.60)
Setups ..................... 200 (1 × P200) 800 (4 × P200)
Total........................ P3,430 P5,170
Divided by units ..... ÷ 200 ÷ 200
Per unit.................... P17.15 P25.85
Games R Us manufactures various games. For March, there were no beginning inventories of
direct materials and no beginning or ending work in process. Conversion costs is the only
indirect manufacturing cost category currently used. Journal entries are recorded when
materials are purchased and when conversion costs are allocated under backflush costing.
Conversion costs - March P 400,000
Direct materials purchased - March P1,070,000
Units produced - March 58,800
Units sold - March .. 41,800
39. Which of the following journal entries properly records the purchase of direct materials?
A) Accounts Payable Control 1,070,000
Inventory: Raw and In-Process Control 1,070,000
B) Inventory: Raw and In-Process Control 1,070,000
Accounts Payable Control 1,070,000
C) Inventory: Raw and In-Process Control 1,070,000
Conversion Costs 1,070,000
D) Conversion Costs 1,070,000
Inventory: Raw and In-Process Control 1,070,000
Answer: B
Answer: A