The boundless impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic that arose in 2019-2020 have definitely expanded

wellbeing, social and financial inequalities (Bambra et al., 2020). For in excess of 900 million learners all
over the world, the pandemic prompted the closure of schools and universities (UNESCO, 2020). This
remarkable circumstance constrained educators, guardians and students to rapidly adjust to another
instructive setting: distance learning. Instructors needed to foster web-based scholastic materials that
could be utilized at home to guarantee instructive congruity while guaranteeing the vital physical
distancing. Primary and secondary school students abruptly needed to work with different sorts of help,
which were typically given online by their educators.

The current pandemic force distance learning for all students. Students are now in home study with no
actual interaction with their teachers. The Department of Education (DepEd) and Commission on Higher
Education (CHED) have adopted and implemented the flexible model of blended learning despite much
opposition due to the risk of opening a class due to the virus. The different learning modalities are as
follows: Modular (Printed), Modular (Digitized), Online, Educational TV, Radio - Based Instruction, Home
Schooling and Blended Learning (Anzaldo, 2021). For urban communities where current residents are
comfortable and students and students have the honor of having an internet connection at home,
online learning is conducted specifically for secondary schools and university however for those living in
provincial regions or regions where internet connection is only accessible for. not only many, Modular
Distance Learning is underway. Llego, Mark Anthony (nd) that Modular distance learning is in the form
of individualized instruction that allows students to use self-learning modules (SLMs) in print or digital
format / electronic copy, whichever is appropriate in the context of students and other learning
resources such as Learner’s Materials, textbooks, activity sheets, study guides, and other study
materials.

The main concern of distance learning today is how to still form behavior despite the gap between how
things work in physical and distance learning and how it will affect their academic performance.

NI Vynnyk, SM Sovhyria, SA Proskurnya [et al.] (2020) stated that in recent decades, the problem of
organizing students ’own learning has been an issue for educators, psychologists , and methodologist.
Students ’self-study tends to be considered one of the key elements of the educational process.
Researchers will embark this study with the hope of contributing suggestions and recommendations that
will provide a solution to this problem.

Conducting this research will have the opportunity to know the effects of learning behavior and
academic performance of Roxas City School for Philippine Craftsmen students on modular distance
learning. It will not only provide solutions to this problem but also to make teachers and ourselves
aware as a student of the difficulties we face in this new way of learning. The pandemic also stressed the
need to improve the education system and presented an opportunity to do so.

Theoretical Framework of the Study

This study is supported by the theory of behaviorism.

Ivan Pavlov's work had a profound and lasting influence on the science of the mind and behavior. His
discovery of classical conditioning helped establish the school of thought known as behaviorism.

Behaviorism dominated experimental psychology for several decades, and its influence can still be felt
today (Thorne & Henley, 2005). Behaviorism is generally answerable for laying out brain research as a
logical discipline through its objective strategies and particularly trial and error. Also, it is utilized in
conduct and mental social treatment. Conduct alteration is usually utilized in study hall settings.
Behaviorism has likewise prompted research on natural impacts on human conduct.

Early work in the field of behavior was conducted by the Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov (1849–1936).
Pavlov studied a form of learning behavior called a conditioned reflex, in which an animal or human
produced a reflex (unconscious) response to a stimulus and, over time, was conditioned to produce the
response to a different stimulus that the experimenter associated with the original stimulus.

The reflex Pavlov worked with was salivation in response to the presence of food. The salivation reflex
could be elicited using a second stimulus, such as a specific sound, that was presented in association
with the initial food stimulus several times. (Cherry, K., 2020) Once the response to the second stimulus
was “learned,” the food stimulus could be omitted. Pavlov’s “classical conditioning” is only one form of
learning behavior studied by behaviorists.