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Lec 11-Miscibility of Polymer Blends
Lec 11-Miscibility of Polymer Blends
Lec-11
Miscibility of Polymer Blends
Miscibility: Capability of a mixture to form a single phase over certain
ranges of temperature, pressure, and composition.
The miscibility term describes the homogeneity of polymer mixtures at
some temperatures. Miscibility can be influenced by various factors such
as morphology, crystalline phase, intermolecular interaction, and
reduction of surface tension.
Notes:
1. Whether or not a single phase exists depends on:
♦ The chemical structure
♦ Molar-mass distribution
♦ Molecular architecture of the components present.
2. The single phase in a mixture may be confirmed by:
♦ Light scattering
♦X- ray scattering
♦ Neutron scattering
The miscibility of two polymers is depending on the specific
interactions between polymer chains. This can be explained by the factor
of entropy in the following equation, which represents the second law of
thermodynamics.
GM = HM - TSM
where, ΔG = change in free energy, ΔH = change in enthalpy, ΔS =
change in entropy, T = absolute temperature.
For a homogeneous miscible blend the Gibbs free energy of mixing
requires a negative value. For high molecular weight polymer blends, the
gain in entropy is negligible. Hence, the free energy of mixing can only
be negative if the heat of mixing is negative. This means that the mixing
must be exothermic, which usually requires specific interactions between
the blend components. These interactions may range from strongly ionic
to weak and non-bonding, including hydrogen bonding, ion-dipole,
dipole-dipole, and donor-acceptor interactions.
Based on the miscibility, three types of blends can be distinguished;
1- Completely miscible blends
2- Partially miscible blends
3- Fully immiscible blends
of the phases.
EXAMPLES
Ex 1: Let me use an example to illustrate. Two polymers that do actually
mix are polystyrene and poly(phenylene oxide).
As you can see, both of these polymers have aromatic rings. As you may
know, aromatic rings like to stack up like little hexagonal poker chips.
For this reason, these two polymers like to associate with each other. So
they blend very nicely. There are a few other examples of polymer pairs
which will blend. Here is a list of a few:
poly(ethylene terephthalate) with poly(butylene terephthalate)
poly(methyl methacrylate) with poly(vinylidene fluoride)
But most of the time, the two polymers you want to blend won't be
miscible. So you have to play some tricks on them to make them mix.
One is to use copolymers.
.Lec. 11 Miscibility of Polymer Blends…………………………………………..….Eng. Auda Jabbar Ms. C