SPECIMEN COLLECTION TECHNIQUE

Activity No. 3
The study of microorganisms and parasites also involve specimen collection for
observation and further study. Collection of specimen of this type should be done in such
manner that the health care provider collecting the specimen should also be free from
contamination and infection. In this manner, specimen collection technique is of great use.
Cellulose tape perianal swab is a method involve in the collection of pinworms
scientifically known as Enterobius vermicularis, a common parasite thriving in the lower
digestive tract of humans infecting most children and even in adults. Symptoms of this
disease is itching around the anus. No serious medical consequences is caused by
pinworms but constant itching may cause infection around the anus area.
Urine sample collection is another form of specimen collection urine samples are
collected for biochemical and microbial sampling. Proper method of urine sample
collection is essential for correct diagnostic results.

I. Objectives:
At the end of this activity, students are expected to
a. demonstrate how to do cellulose tape perianal swab .(THROUGH A FLOW
CHART)

b. correctly describe the proper way of collecting urine sample.(THROUGH A

FLOW CHART)

II. Materials
Rubberized doll
Cellulose tape Glass
Slides
Cotton balls
Tongue depressors
Toluene Vial for urine sample Disposable cup

III. Procedure
a. Cellulose Tape Perianal Swab
NOTE: This procedure should be done first thing in the morning before the client has
taken a bath or gone to the toilet.
a. Attach a cellulose tape to a glass slide.
b. Fixed the glass slide against a wooden tongue depressor with a rubber band.
c. reverse the cellulose tape to expose the sticky side.
d. Carefully swab the sticky side of the tape against the perianal area.
e. Smooth the sticky side of the tape back to slide using a cotton ball.
f. Label the slide with patient name and date.
g. Submit to the laboratory for microscopic examination.

b. Urine Sample Collection

NOTE: First morning urine is the specimen of choice for urinalysis and microscopic
observation. Do not forget to instruct the patient that at least 10ml of urine is needed for
analysis.
a. Instruct client to clean the urethral area with soap and water if a soap towelette is not
available
b. Let the patient urinate first and timing the collection when the midstream urine is being
voided it on a clean container. Excess urine must be excreted into the toilet.
c. Collect the container and label it with name of client, time and date of collection. If 8
hour urine is needed, refrigerate the specimen collected within 8 hours and pooled it
before submitting to the laboratory.
 WORKSHEET
Activity No. 3
Name/s:
ABDURAHAM, RAYYAN
CALVI, NAIF
NOCOM, JAIZEL
Answer the following questions comprehensively:
1. Why is it necessary that urine samples should be collected from the first urine
voided in the morning?
The first urine voided in the morning is particularly preferred as it is more
concentrated, has a more uniform volume, and as well as a low pH level making it
desirable for chemical and microscopic analysis. In addition, urine samples
acquired in the morning is free of dietary influences and changes due to physical
activity.
2. Why is there a need to clean the urethral area before voiding is done during urine
sampling?
In simple terms, cleaning the urethral area before voiding prevents the urine
sample from getting contaminated by the bacteria on the skin where the urine will
pass through, specifically the penis and vagina. This method is referred to as the
clean catch method of urinalysis, and one of the most common reason in getting
a clean catch urine sample is testing for urinary tract infections.
3. What is the significance of properly labeling collected specimen?
Safety is one of the most significant reasons to practice proper labeling in your
laboratory. Your laboratory may include hazardous chemicals and other
compounds. If these materials are not properly stored and labeled, your staff may
mistakenly misuse them.

4. How significant is cellulose tape perianal swab to the control of pinworm infection in
the community?
It is very import in the control of pinworm infection in the community. The fact
that it can detect human pinworm infection helps on combating the the potential
of having a pinworm infection outbreak in the community. Moreover, It can give
reminder that a person is infected with pinworm infection. It can also help in
prevention and safety in getting infected because Cellulose tape perianal swab is
that crucial
5. Illustrate and discuss the life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis. Use additional sheet,
if necessary.

Life cycle of Enterobius vermicularis:

Enterobius Vermicularis is the scientific name for pinworms, threadworms
or seat worms that fall under the family Oxyuridae and the order
Ascaridida. Popularly known to be the ‘human pinworm’, as they are
parasites found in the intestines of human beings, prominently in children.
Apart from human beings, they are also found in some vertebrates. One
way to differentiate between the gender of pinworms, is to notice that
female pinworms are physically longer than male pinworms. Female
pinworms measure up to 13 mm, while male pinworms measure up to 5
mm. The infection caused by pinworms is called enterobiasis, but
sometimes referred to as Oxyuriasis.
After fertilization, the female pinworm lays eggs on the perianal skin,
which is the rim of the anus. This usually this occurs when eggs enter
through the mouth with hands that have scratched the perianal region.
When this pinworm moves in the perianal area, it causes itching in that
area. Infection also occurs if eggs are exposed to contaminated clothes,
bed linen and other surfaces. Once the eggs have been ingested, they tend
to hatch in the small intestine of human beings. The larvae inside the eggs
grow in 4 to 6 hours, depending on proper climate conditions; where the
eggs become infective. And the adult worm established themselves in the
colon region. The time period from ingestion of eggs to oviposition by
adult females is around one month. Gravid (pregnant) females shift
nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit while crawling on the perianal
skin of the anus. And the life cycle of Enterobius Vermicularis continues.
DIAGRAM

CONCLUSION:
The scientific name for pinworms, threadworms, and seat worms is Enterobius
Vermicularis, which belongs to the family Oxyuridae and the order Ascaridida.
They are parasites found in the intestines of humans, most notably in children,
and are commonly referred to as "human pinworms." They are found in some
vertebrates as well as humans. One way to tell the difference between male and
female pinworms is that female pinworms are physically longer than male
pinworms. Female pinworms can grow to be 13 mm long, while male pinworms
can grow to be 5 mm long. The infection caused by pinworms is known as
enterobiasis, but it is also known as Oxyuriasis. The female pinworm lays eggs
on the perianal skin, which is the anus rim, after fertilization. This usually
happens when eggs are introduced into the mouth with hands that have
scratched the perianal region. When this pinworm moves through the perianal
area, it causes itching. Infection can also occur if eggs come into contact with
contaminated clothing, bedding, or other surfaces. Once the eggs have been
consumed, they usually hatch in the human small intestine. The larvae inside the
eggs develop in 4 to 6 hours, depending on the climate; where the eggs become
infective and the adult worm establishes itself in the colon region. The time span
between egg ingestion and oviposition by adult females is approximately one
month. Gravid (pregnant) females shift nocturnally outside the anus and oviposit
while crawling on the anus's perianal skin, and the Enterobius Vermicularis life
cycle continues. The adult pinworm lives for about 2 months. The female adult
pinworm can grow to be 13 mm long, while the male adult pinworm can grow to
be 5 mm long. They live their entire life cycle inside the human body because
they develop and reproduce inside the human intestines.

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