Adjectives

Adjectives can be attributive, substantival, or predicate.

An attributive adjective gives an attribute to the word it is modifying. The term it modifies is called
the head term.
A substantival adjective functions as though it were a noun.
A predicate adjective asserts something about the subject, and the verb "to be" is either stated or
implied.

Adjectives use the same case endings as for nouns (1 st and 2nd declensions), and can occur in all three
genders. An attributive adjective must agree with the noun it modifies, and the case of a substantival
adjective is determined by its function. Predicates are in the nominative case.

Whether a feminine adjective's stem ends in an alpha or eta depends on the adjective itself, not the
noun it modifies.

Attributive Positions
If the article appears directly before the adjective, it is either attributive or predicate.
First attributive position: ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος
Second attributive position: ὁ ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός
Third attributive position: ἄνθρωπος ὁ ἀγαθός
ὁ ἀγαθὸς ὁ ἄνθρωπος is never found.
The third attributive position is rare in the New Testament when the modifier is an adjective, but
more common when the modifier is a phrase.

Substantival
If the article is present, but there is no noun for the adjective to modify, the adjective is substantival.
ὁ ἀγαθὸς could be translated as "the good," or "the good man."

Predicate
If the article appears before the noun, but not the adjective, then the adjective is functioning as a
predicate. The verb 'to be' may have to be added in translation.
ὁ ἄνθρωπος ἀγαθός
ἀγαθὸς ὁ ἄνθρωπος

Absence of the Article

If there is no article before either the noun or the adjective, the translation is determined by context.
The adjective may be giving an attribute to a noun, or asserting something about the verb.
ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος and ἄνθρωπος ἀγαθὸς can be translated as either "A good man" or "A man is
good."

It is possible but rare for an anarthrous adjective to function substantivally:

ἀγαθὸς can be translated as "A good (man; person)"