“oN ° Bics!i Chapter 5 Horizontal Distribution Systems Chapter 5 provides information concerning horizontal distribution system concepts, methodologies, and components. This chapter covers material regarding simultaneous power and data transmission over horizontal cabling and FTTO topologies, including PoE.Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Table of Contents Horizontal Distribu' Introduction . 5 Horizontal Cabling Systems Horizontal Pathways ........ General Design Considerations . n Systems... . SECTION 1: HORIZONTAL CABLING SYSTEMS Horizontal Cabling Systems . . Overview Topology Configuration Transmission Channel . Connection Points . Permanent Link . Horizontal Cross-Connect (HC [Floor Distributor (FD)]) + 5-10 Cross-Connection. . = 5-10 Interconnection . - S11 Universal Connection Rules . - S12 Application-Specific Components. seve SAS Transition Points Ae + 5-16 Bridged Taps . eo cies 516 Spices ee ee ee ce Horizontal Cabling Media ... ++ 5-17 Allowed Media Types . . 5-17 Distances . 5-17 Cable Slack 5-19 Work Areas and Open Office Cabling ++ 5-20 Overview....... a 5-20 Telecommunications Outlet/Connector. . boos 5-20 Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Outlet/Connector ............ 5-21 Optical Fiber Telecommunications Outlet/Connector 5-22 ‘Telecommunications Outlet Box Location Considerations..............., 5-22 Work Area Equipment Cords. denoo0ngbab0opocognnE 5-25 © 2020 Brcsi® = TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA). ‘Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA) Design Considerations.......... ++ eee ec Locating Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assemblies (MUTOAS) Consolidation Point (CP)... 6.6... ‘i eee eae nde Consolidation Point (CP) Design Considerations . ee Advantages and Disadvantages of the Consolidation Point (CP) . oon Locating Consolidation Points (CPs) . Wireless LAN (WLAN) Access Point (AP). Simultaneous Data and Power Transm Cabling .... n within Horizontal Overview... esses ce ee ee Cabling Requirements .. . . Recommendations... +s. eeseeeeeeevee vee ‘Small Diameter Cables . . . . oe Sauebodcuen Cabling Bundles... 6... 6c cece eee eee ee Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHI), Codes, and Standards Direct Current (de) Resistance . : Power over Ethernet (PoE) Connectors . Power Source Equipment (PSE) . 3 Endspan Power Source Equipment (PSE) . Midspan Devices . Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling . eer Overview. Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Design . Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling Distances . Pull-Through Method .. . Interconnection and Splice Methods... Fiber-To-The-Outlet (FTTO) .... Overview . 5 Traditional Structured Cabling System Fiber-To-The-Outlet (FTTO) Structure ...... Fiber-To-The-Outlet (FTTO) Components ...... Optical Fiber Requirements . Fiber Termination Methods... ....0.+sss00se05 ee Pre-terminated Assemblies. Field Termination with Spice-On Connector. Field Termination with Pre-polished Connector . . 5-25 . 5-27 5-29 5-29 - 5-30 - 5-32 - 5-32 - 5-36 5-37 . 5-37 . 5-38 . 5-40 . S41 241 5-42 5-42 5-43 5-43 5-43 5-44 . 544 - 5-46 - 5-46 = 5-46 . 5-47 5-48 - 5-48 - 5-49 - 5-50 - 5-50 - 5-50 5-51 S51 +. 5-52 - 5-52 TOMM, 14th edition Sl (© 2020 Bresi®Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Pathways for Fiber to the Office (FTTO) Systems . Overview... Work Area Outlet Requirements 5 Design Considerations for FTTO Deployment . Backbone Optical Fiber Cabling . . Horizontal Optical Fiber Cabling . . Telecommunications Space .... . Core and Distribution Switches... . _ Fiber-to-the-Office (FTTO) Installation Methods . Power and Cooling Requirements Redundancy Design Passive Optical Networks (PONs). . . Overview... . one Wave Division Multiplexing (WOM) Fundamentals Fiber Requirements .......... Enterprise Passive Optical Network (PON) Hardware Active Components Optical Line Terminal (OLT).... « Optical Network Terminal (ONT). . Enterprise Passive Optical Network (PON) Hardware Passive Components Singlemode Optical Fiber and Connector Requirements . Passive Optical Splitters . Work Area Outlet Requirements Design Considerations for Telecommunications spaces Based Opie Network Terminal (ONT) Deployments os Backbone Fiber Requirements and Terminations Horizontal Copper Requirements . . Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Analog Voice Delivery Radio Frequency (RF) Video Distribution................ Desktop-Based Passive Optical Network (PON) Solution Architectures . . Telecommunications Spaces Requirements (Special Sizing Considerations) Telecommunications Spaces Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Considerations............ oe 5-62 Horizontal Pathway Special Design Considerations . 5-62 Horizontal Fiber Distribution Splitter Configurations 5-62 Zone Cabling-Based Splitters... 0.0... 2. sees eee 5-62 Planning for Future Dual Input Passive Optical Networks (PONS) and Geographically Diverse Cable Routing............. oe © 2020 eres si TDMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Power and Cooling Systems .. 2... 0... 0 0c e eee e eee cece eee eee es - 5-63 “Typical Optical Line Terminal (OLT) Thermal Output and coating Requirements) 0.0 )-s ce esej etic tide (iieemdaiiects cee 5-63 Desktop Optical Network Terminal (ONT) Remote and Bacup Powering Options 5-63 Optical Network Terminal (ONT) Battery Backup . 5-63 Campus-Based Outside Plant (OSP) . 5-64 Implementation Considerations .. . 5-64 Administrative Record Keeping... 2.0.60 0c eee eve eee eee eee e eee 5-64 Testing and Certification of a Pacsive Optical Network (PON) Infrastructure. .. 5-64 SECTION 2: HORIZONTAL PATHWAYS. Horizontal Pathways. ... 5-65 Overview... . 5-65 Design Considerations - 5-65 Sizing Considerations 5-66 Usable Floor Space. . . 5-66 Maximum Occupant Density - 5-66 Building Automation Systems (BAS) Density . 5-66 Cabling Density . . : 5-66 Cable Diameter . 5-67 Pathway Capacity... 5-67 Other Pathway System Considerations. .... - 5-67 Telecommunications Outlets/Connectors . 5-67 Face Plates . . 5-67 Mounting Telecommunications Outlets/Connectors.. . 5-67 Avoiding Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). . . 5-68 Bonding and Grounding (Earthing). - 5-68 Administration . . 5-68 Firestopping . - 5-68 Wet Locations . 5-69 Hazardous Locations . - 5-69 Types of Horizontal Pathways . sees 5-70 Overview . . 5-70 Conduit Distribution Systems - 5-70 Suitability and Acceptability of Conduits - S71 Conduit Body. 5-72 Capacity . . Bee ees eet eect 2.5 573 EDcgnadooudoou00 5 : ca 5-79 DMM, 14th edition sv © 2020 BIcsT®Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Bend Radii......... Conduit Terminations... .. Completing Conduit Installation... Pull Points and Pull Boxes for Conduits. Choosing a Pull Box Size Slip Sleeves and Gutters. Underfloor Conduit Systems en Access Floor Distribution Systems. ..... . Types... 2... Components . . . Stringered Systems . : Freestanding and Corneriock Systems . Considerations for Access Floor Distribution . Minimum Finished Floor Height . . Building Structure Building Layout . Floor Penetrations . .. Bonding and Grounding (Earthina) Floor Panel Materials . : Floor Panel Coverings...... +. sees e es 5-90 Load-Bearing Capacity Specifying Access Floor Pathways . 5-91 Electrical Power Circuits... .. bo 5-91 Effects of Underfloor Air Distribution on Cabling . 5-91 Advantages and Disadvantages... . 5-92 Ceiling Distribution Systems. Overview. so... Acceptable Methods of Distribution General Design Guidelines Determining Adequate Ceiling Space . Selection of Ceiling Panels. . Restrictions on Ceiling Cabling. Ceiling Zones Method...... Pathway and Cable Support. . Termination Space........ Connecting Hardware In Celling Space . Overhead Ceiling Enclosed Raceway Method Overhead Ceiling Raceways and Fittings . . . Utility Columns . o Advantages and Disadvantages . . . © 2020 Bresi> sv ‘DMM, 14th editionChapter 5: lorizontal Distribution Systems Cable Tray Systems........ pee) et 5105 Types of Cable Trays... been eS (1) Cable Tray Fittings and Accessories . pe eee sy 5-106 Cable Tray Dimensions ........... 5 . weve eee eee ees 5106 Cable Tray Capacity 5-108 Supporting Cable Trays.......... + 5108 Bonding and Grounding Cable Trays seve. 5108 Conduit and Raceway Distribution Design ves 5-109 Ceiling Home-Run Method Using Conduit . 5-109 Zone Conduit Size... ... 2.0.60. ve 5109 Other Horizontal Pathways. +++ 5-110 Overview . ‘ 5-110 Messenger or Support Strand Peete eee eee ees SLO Perimeter Pathways. ... . . pee eee 5-110 Perimeter Raceways 0... 0.500.005 S-1t Molding Raceways...... 2... 2.05 5 5-113 Open Office Modular Furniture and Partition Pathways....... oe S-114 Poke-THU oo... eee eee eee 5-116 SECTION 3: ADA REQUIREMENTS Americans with sees 5-117 Overview... 2.0.56 oon sees SLIT Americans with Disabil 5-118 Readily Achievable Removal of Barriers........... 5-118 Alterations . . 5-118 New Construction. : 5-118 Public Telephones and Text Telephones 5-119 ‘Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Height Requirements . 5-120 Text Telephones ............ o eee 5-123 Volume COMIFOL. ove eee eee ee eee eee nent ene ene e ees 5-123 Signs. 5-124 Appendix: Disabled Access and the Americans with Disabilities ACE (ADA) cccssctsstsesessesssesserees see) 5125 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA): A Civil Rights Law..........2.. 5-125 Additional Information. 0... 00.60 e cece eee eee e ee eee eee eens .. 5-125 ‘TOMM, 14th edition svi (© 2020 BICST*Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Figures Figure 5.1 Typical horizontal cabling system elements .............04 wives Bed Figure 5.2 _ Horizontal cabling system channel .......... 20.05 5-7 Figure 5.3 Horizontal cabling system channel model with four connection points... 5-8 Figure 5.4 Horizontal cabling system channel model with three connection points . . 5-9 Figure 5.5 Horizontal cabling system permanent link model with three connection points o ee + 5-10 Figure 5.6 Example of connection by means of cross-connection . = 512 Figure 5.7 Example of connection by means of interconnection +. 513 Figure 5.8 Example of connection by means of cross-connection and interconnection.........eeceesseeeee - 5-14 Figure 5.9 Example of connection by means of double cross-connection . 5-15 Figure 5.10 Total cable length in the horizontal cabling system channel . . 5-18 Figure 5.11 Pin/pair assignments... 0.2.20... 00e0e eee sees S21 Figure 5.12 Typical dimensions for furniture opening for telecommunications faceplate . acy 5-24 Figure 5.13 Example of MUTOA application . + 5-26 Figure 5.14 CPs used in a combined furniture system and private office work area environment ........... 00+ eee wees 5-30 Figure 5.15 CPs located on all columns. ..... So5oe - 5-33 Figure 5.16 CPs located in a space between the columns . = 534 Figure 5.17 CPs located in checkerboard order 5-35 Figure 5.18 CPs located on columns close to the bullding core 5-36 Figure 5.19 Temperature versus wattage for category cable types 5. 238 Figure 5.20 Insertion loss versus temperature for category cable types... . 5-39 Figure 5.21 Centralized optical fiber cabling .. . . : we 545) Figure 5.22 Traditional structured cabling LAN design compared with FITO LAN... 5-49, Figure 5.23 Traditional active Ethernet design compared with PON-based architecture . vie 556 Figure 5.24 Underfloor conduit extended to individual telecommunications outlet boxes ...... ee - 5-70 Figure 5.25. Typical underfloor conduit system. . - S71 Figure 5.26 Conduit bodies recommended for telecommunications cables. . 5-72 Figure 5.27 Recommended pull box configurations. 5-82 Figure 5.28 Stringered access floor system . oa . 5-86 Figure 5.29 Recommended clearance for access floor spaces. = 5-88 Figure 5.30 Typical zoned ceiling (plan view)... .. + 5-96 Figure 5.31 Conduit-based ceiling zone (elevation view)... - 5-97 Figure 5.32 Rules of installation for discrete cable support facil . 5-99 © 2020 erest* ii DMM, 14th editionChapter 5: (orizontal Distribution Systems Figure 5.33 Raceways and fittings . 5 - 5-101 Figure 5.34 Attaching various utlity columns. + 5-103 Figure 5.35 Perimeter raceway . . . 5-112 Figure 5.36 Molding raceway... . . 5-113 Figure 5.37 Side-reach telephones. . . 5-121 Figure 5.38 Forward-reach telephones 5 5-122 Figure 5.39 International teletypewriter/text telephone symbol and volume control telephone symbol 5-124 DMM, 14th edition ‘S-vill (© 2020 Bics™Tables Table 5.1 Maximum allowable cable lengths with the use of multiuser telecommunications outlet assemblies.............. - 5-28 Table 5.2 Comparison of CP locations ......... eee 5-32 Table 5.3 POE and HDBaseT current specifications. 5 5-37 Table 5.4 Primary PON variations and their source standards... 5-57 Table 5.5 Maximum channel attenuation and supported distance for PON versions. : a 5-60 Table 5.6 EMT 40 percent conduit fil rate. . wees S74 Table 5.7 Typical EMT conduit fil rate for varying cable diameters . 5-75 Table 5.8 Conduit fill with 1 bend . - 5-76 Table 5.9 Conduit fill with 2 bends . . 5-77 Table 5.10 Bend radii guidelines =» 5-80 Table 5.11 Adapting designs ..... 5-81 Table 5.12 Typical space requirements for pull boxes having condult enter at opposite ends of the box : tisces. 5-83 Table 5.13 Slip sleeves and gutters. - 5-84 Table 5.14 Coverings.......... . 5-90 Table 5.15 Load capacity....... . : 5-90 Table 5.16 Guidelines for recommending ceiling panels 5-94 Table 5.17 Common types of cable trays 5-105 Table 5.18 Common cable tray dimensions . oe 5-107 Table 5.19 ADA height requirements. . . + 5-120 ©2020 Brest Bie TDMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Distribution Systems Introduction This chapter has three sections. The cabling and pathway components of the horizontal distribution system are covered in the first two sections with the third section discussing accessibility requirements for those with disabilities. A horizontal distribution system consists of the horizontal cabling, the horizontal pathways supporting the horizontal cabling, and the telecommunications spaces that support the horizontal pathways. Section 1 of this chapter covers horizontal cabling while Section 2 covers horizontal pathways and their related spaces. As horizontal distribution systems, cabling, and pathways often change direction, elevation, ‘or physical orientation to accommodate obstructions, barriers, and other building systems, the use of the tetm horizontal in the name of the element does not require that the elements be placed or installed parallel to the ground or floor. Horizontal Cabling Systems Ahorizontal cabling system may be as simple as the cabling necessary to support a small ‘number of telecommunication outlets for a small business to the cabling infrastructure required to support a floor of a hospital or an airport terminal. Anhorizontal cabling system may include the following elements: + Work area equipment cord + Work area connecting hardware: ~ Telecommunications outlets/connectors —MUTOAs + Horizontal distribution cables + HC (FD) connecting hardware (¢.g., wiring blocks, patch panels) + Jumpers and patch cords used to configure horizontal cabling connections at the HC (FD) + Equipment cords at the HC (FD) typically located in the ER TR, or TE, + Additional elements (connectors that may be installed between the telecommunications outlet and the HC [FD]): -1P cP Within horizontal cabling, each implementation is different and may use some or all of the elements listed above. Figure 5.1 shows the horizontal cabling elements that are commonly used. © 2020 arcs Ey TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Cabling Systems, continued Figure 5.1 ‘Typical horizontal cabling system elements ceo) eaverer crs le BW cP ER Hc (FD) MUTOR TE TO 1 wap: Consolidation point Equipment room Horizontal cross-connect (floor distributor) Multiuser telecommunications outlet assembly TTelecommunications enclosure ‘Telecommunications outlet/connector ‘Telecommunications room Wireless access point NOTE: The images of connecting hardware and active equipment used in this chapter have ‘been selected for the purpose of illustrating the text and should not be construed as requirements. For example, a generic patch panel image may represent any type of balanced twisted-pair or optical fiber connecting hardware; an image of a server may represent any type of active equipment. DMM, 14th edition 52 (© 2020 Brcsr®Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Pathways Horizontal pathways are used for distributing, supporting, and providing access to horizontal cabling and its associated connecting hardware between the telecommunications ‘outlets/connectors and the HC (FD), typically located in the ER, TR, or TE. Horizontal cabling are the media contained within horizontal pathways. Pathway system implementation involves the cabling pathways (e.g., cable tray, conduit) and the locations of related telecommunications spaces (e.g., TRs, TEs) that provide access to cabling or connecting hardware. Horizontal pathways are of one of two general types: + Continuous pathways (e.g., conduit, cable tray) used for uninterrupted support and management of telecommunications cabling. + Non-continuous pathways (e.g., the space between cable supports [e.g., J-hooks}) through which cables are placed between physical supports or containment components. Elements such as pull boxes or splice boxes, which are used with some pathway systems, are actually considered telecommunications spaces that provide access to horizontal cabling and its connecting hardware. General Design Considerations The design methodologies offered in this chapter for horizontal distribution systems are based con current best practices and standards for general and commercial building. The principles for horizontal distribution systems are also used for non-commercial building applications (ea, health care and industrial facilities), but these applications may have additional requirements or restrictions that need to be considered Generally, cabling system choices should not dictate cabling pathway choices. The goal of 4 pathway component is to accommodate all standards-compliant cabling and the potential need for change during the life eycle of the cabling system and building. Additionally, as cabling system renovations (e.g, MACs) are a common occurrence within horizontal distribution, anything that can be done at the design stage to reduce the unit change time and cost (e.g, materials, labor, occupant disruption) may significantly reduce the overall life eycle maintenance and operational costs of a horizontal distribution system. ‘Therefore, the ICT distribution designer should focus first on the pathway systems design and then on the cabling systems design. This strategy helps to ensure a robust pathway system that supports the cabling installation over the facility’s life cycle. ©2020 Brcs 53 ‘TMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems General Design Considerations, continued ‘Therefore, the ICT distribution designer should ensure that the horizontal distribution system’s design: + Allows for the accommodation of change over the facility’s life cycle with the goal of reducing long-term maintenance and operational costs. * Utilizes standardized cabling, components, and systems. + Includes appropriate pathway and cabling components to accommodate ease of access and a variety of user specified technology applications. + Meets or exceeds all codes, standards, regulations, and AHI rulings. + Meets the requirements and utilizes any applicable standards or recommendations in this chapter that do not conflict with applicable codes or regulations, NOTE: For a list of regulatory requirements, refer to Appendix A: Codes, Standards, Regulations, and Organizations in this manual. As horizontal cabling is part of the overall telecommunications infrastructure, other chapters of this manual that have additional requirements affecting the design of horizontal distribution systems include: + Chapter 3: Telecommunications + Chapter 4: Backbone Distribution Systems. + Chapter 8: Bonding and Grounding (Earthing). + Chapter 10: Telecommunications Administration, + Chapter 11: Field Testing of Structured Cabling. DMM, 14th edition 54 © 2020 BIcsI®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Cabling Systems Overview The horizontal cabling system is the part of the telecommunications cabling that extends from the work area telecommunications outlets/connectors to the HC (FD), typically located in the floor-serving TR or TE. The horizontal cabling system consists of horizontal cables, telecommunications outlets/connectors in the work area, mechanical terminations, work area equipment cords, network equipment cords, and other patch cords or jumpers located in the TR and may include MUTOAs, CPs, and TPs. The horizontal cabling system should be designed in order to support various telecommunications applications, including: + Voice services. + Data services + Audio and video services. + Building signaling systems (e.g., BAS, fire, security). As horizontal cabling is often less accessible than backbone cabling, making changes can become time intensive or expensive. Frequently accessing or changing the horizontal cabling leads to disruption to occupants; therefore, the choice and layout of horizontal cabling types are important to the design of the building structured cabling system. As a result, horizontal cabling should be planned to satisfy today’s telecommunications needs and reduce ongoing maintenance and relocation as well as accommodate future user applications and active equipment and service changes. © 2020 Brcsi> 55 TDMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Topology Horizontal cabling shall be installed in a physical star topology. Each telecommunications outlet/connector shall be cabled directly to an HC (FD) in the appropriate telecommunications space. Three exceptions to this practice are when: + ACP or MUTOA is used to connect to open office cabling. + ATPis required to connect to undercarpet cabling. + Centralized optical fiber cabling is implemented from MC (CD) to the work area(s). NOTE: For additional details, see Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling in this chapter. Some applications may utilize a bus, ring, or tree topology, which can be implemented within a physical star topology. For examples, see the Backbone Topologies section in Chapter 4: Backbone Distribution Systems. Configuration {In determining the horizontal cabling system configuration, it is assumed that the typical telecommunications applications in commercial buildings are voice and data transmission applications. Thus, the minimum configuration is the configuration consisting of two telecommunications outlets/connectors in the work atea—one for telephony and the other for data. It is recommended that the system be planned with a margin exceeding this minimum requirement. Ifthe optical fiber outlet is used in the horizontal cabling system work area configuration, then two balanced twisted-pair telecommunications outlets/eonnectors should also be installed rather than one since typical telecommunications cabling work areas currently require both voice and data transmission, which are usually implemented over balanced twisted-pairs. Thus, the work area configuration made up of only two telecommunications, outlets/connectors, one of which is optical fiber, may not allow all user requirements for telecommunications services to be effectively met. DMM, 14th edition 56 (© 2020 Brcsi®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Transmission Channel Within horizontal cabling, the transmission channel is the end-to-end transmission path between two points at which application-specific equipment is connected. This channel is, composed of: + The permanent link cabling, + Required patch, equipment, and interconnection cords, + The connection points Figure 5.2 shows the basic channel model Figure 5.2 Horizontal cabling system channel 10 / He (FD) i “S70 Work area Work area Work area Work area @ = Permanent link cabling ® = Work area equipment cord HC (FD) = Horizontal cross-connect (floor distributor) TO = Telecommunications outlet/eonnector ‘TR = Telecommunications room © 2020 Brcsi® o7 DMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Transmission Channel, continued Figure 5.3 Connection Points A maximum of four connection points (four connectors) are allowed in the channel model: + Telecommunications outlet/connectors or MUTOAS, + Connector of the first unit of connecting hardware at the HC (FD) + CP connector (optional) + Connector of the second unit of connecting hardware at the HC (FD) Figure 5.3 illustrates a horizontal cabling system channel model with four connection points utilizing a consolidation point. It consists of a patch cord between equipment patch panel and horizontal cable panel (two connections), CP and telecommunications outlet (one connection each) for a maximum total of four connections. Horizontal cabling system channel model with four connection points ® @ somone i osewtappen per © eecommuncaton etree (1) ) here dpe calm prt © consosdaton pose (>) @ trovzantl cable © Saresraneye* © somes TOMM, 14th edition 58 © 2020 BISTSection lorizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Transmission Channel, continued Figure 5.4 Common channel configurations with three connection points are illustrated in Figure 5.4. It consists of a horizontal patch panel, consolidation point, and telecommunications outlet. Alternately, an equipment patch panel, horizontal cable patch panel, and telecommunications outlet. Horizontal cabling system channel model with three connection points © BeBe Be] @ biter ssemy (HUT) ® ‘orzo emnecin sot HP Permanent Link Within the channel, the permanent link extends from the HC (FD) to the telecommunications, outleveonnector. Within the permanent link, no more than three connection points (ie., connecting hardware) are allowed. As the HC (FD) and telecommunications outlet/eonnector are each a required connection, this allows no more than one CP to be placed in the permanent link, © 2020 e1csT> ey TDMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Transmission Channel, continued Figure 5.5 illustrates a permanent link utilizing a CP. Figure 5.5 Horizontal cabling system permanent link model with three connection points fo ® ® cmamarsare. os te Ga ee © conssiation pit (oP) @ toizoeat atte © preemie © mete © ‘rcoreal conection san (HCP) Horizontal Cross-Connect (HC [Floor Distributor (FD)]) ‘Two methods of connecting active equipment to the horizontal cabling system and one ‘method for passive connection between the horizontal and backbone systems are used in the HC (FD). These two methods are known as eross-connection and interconnection Cross-Connection Cross-connection is a method where two connecting hardware units (e.g., balanced twisted-pair, optical fiber) are linked by patch cords or cross-connect jumpers and used to connect active equipment to the horizontal cabling system. The passive ‘connection of cabling segments of the horizontal and backbone systems are also known as cross-connections. In the HC (FD), the cross-connection method shall be applied to connect active equipment with balanced twisted-pair individual port (e.g., 4-pair) or multiport (e.g.. 25-pair) connectors to the horizontal cabling system and to provide passive connection between cabling segments of the horizontal and backbone systems. NOTE: Balanced twisted-pair multiport connectors are connectors with more than eight contacts (four pairs), which can be logically grouped and assigned different network addresses (ports). The most common and widely used balanced twisted-pair multiport connector is a 50-position miniature ribbon connector (also known as a 25-pair telephone company [RJ-21] connector), TOMM, 14th edition 510 (© 2020 Brcsi®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Cross-Connect (HC [Floor Distributor (FD)]), continued Details on the 50-position miniature ribbon (RJ-21) connectors can be found in Chapter 6: ICT Cables and Connecting Hardware. The following methods may be used to connect the active equipment with RJ-2! connectors to the cabling system: + Termination of active equipment cord pairs directly onto connecting hardware (e,, connecting blocks, patch panels) connectors using cables pre-terminated with a connector on the equipment end and unterminated on the hardware end, + Using special-purpose connecting hardware with pre-terminated (factory installed) RJ-21 connectors, using cables with pre-terminated connectors on both ends of the cable. + Using connecting hardware with modular connectors (¢.g.,.patch panels) and hybrid patch cords (e.g., hydra or octopus cable assemblies) with an RJ-21 connector on one side and several modular plugs on the other. ‘When connecting active equipment with single-port connectors to the cabling system (e.g, up to eight contaets [four pairs] or optical fiber), the eross-connection method is typically not used because single-port equipment cords may be applied as interconnections, This provides the same simple and flexible connection as the cross-connection method while saving one additional unit of connecting hardware with cross-connect patch cord assembly If single-port connector active equipment should be connected to the cabling system using the cross-connection method, then any of the three methods described above may be used. NOTE: It is recommended that the HC (FD) be located on the same floor as the work area it serves. Interconnection Interconnection is a method of connecting the horizontal cable to the active equipment. The horizontal cable is terminated on the connecting hardware (e.g. patch panel) and an ‘equipment cord is used to interconnect the connecting hardware to the active equipment. Interconnection is allowed in the horizontal cabling system to connect active equipment with single-port (¢g., up to eight contacts [four pairs] or optical fiber) connectors to the horizontal cabling system. Connection of active equipment with single-port connectors to the cabling system by means of interconnection and cross-connection enables a flexible and efficient switching scheme, If the interconnection is used, then there is no need to use the second unit of connecting hardware and additional patch cord assembly in the horizontal eabling system. ‘An additional benefit ofthe interconnection method is the saving of valuable wall or rack/cabinet mounting space. NOTE: Single-port connectors may be 8P8C modular connectors such as those used in the RJ-45-type or optical fiber connectors. Details on the balanced twisted-pair and ‘optical fiber connectors can be found in Chapter 6: ICT Cables and Connecting, Hardware © 2020 Bicsi> cary DMM, 14th editionChapter 5: lorizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Horizontal Cross-Connect (HC [Floor Distributor (FD)]), continued Interconnection is not allowed in the HC (FD) to enable passive connections between cabling segments of the horizontal and backbone systems except when the centralized optical fiber topology is used. NOTE: Details on centralized optical fiber cabling topology can be found in the Centralized Optical Fiber Cabling section of this chapter. Universal Connection Rules Figure 5.6, Figure 5.7, Figure 5.8, and Figure 5.9 show examples of various confi of building horizontal cross-connection and interconnection with different types of active equipment used and their respective connection requirements. ‘The example in Figure 5.6 demonstrates the active equipment interconnection (3) in the ER, Using an RJ-21 connector interface to the active equipment (e.g., data switch). The passive main cross-connection (2) of the backbone cabling system (5), and the equipment interconnection cable (3) in the ER. The cross-connection between the backbone cabling (5) and the horizontal cabling system (4) at the HC (FD) in the TR is another example of the requirement for a cross-conneetion. Figure 5.6 Example of connection by means of cross-connection @ ewe ewionent @ merorec eupnent card (sng som) @© rer prtteminaionesvare @ Crooner eh cor OC IE or HE} ang Bor) © wecmmanatonsouleonresar(10) _ G) lnerennec equpment ad (ms pervert) © conetanson sane cor Q ronan cane © Cavan © pesorscatc ® rors comecton pre (He TOMM, 14th edition 512 (© 2020 BICSISection 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Cross-Connect (HC [Floor Distributor (FD)]), continued Figure 5.7 The example in Figure 5.7 demonstrates the connection of active equipment using all interconnections. Using single-port connections by means of interconnection in the ER of server equipment to the backbone cabling system (5) and in the TR interconnections between the backbone cabling (5), patch panel (B), and active equipment (A), and between active equipment (A) and the horizontal cabling (4) patch panel (B). Example of connection by means of interconnection Q@OQ0G8 seecnctatecriberese ¥0! Gf) kavrraresiancadit meee cnwoléaon pant (CP) @ horizontal cate bier seem TOR) onsontal onnacton pant CED) ‘The example in Figure 5.8 shows the connection of active network equipment in the ER is made with single-port optical fiber connectors (uplink) (1) to the backbone system (5) by way of interconnection (1). In the TR, there is an interconnection between the backbone cabling (5) panel (B) and the equipment (A). There is a multiport interconnection with multiport RJ-21 connectors (downlink) (3) to the equipment patch panel. The horizontal cabling system (4) is connected to the equipment patch panel (B) by way of eross-connection (2 HC), © 2020 Bicsi* 53 TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Horizontal Cross-Connect (HC [Floor Distributor (FD)]), continued Figure 5.8 Example of connection by means of cross-connection and interconnection @ rev enipnent @ terse eaupent carson or) @ reer prneemisontrvare @ Cove conat pth cond (HE, ar HE are a) © wecommuntans aulecnnecar(10) _G) teomect quomercaie ut poVeret) ansoncon po (O) @ rorzons eae tartans @ seston cate Sue assembly (UTORD orton annacsan sit (HCP) Qoo ‘The example in Figure 5.9 demonstrates the use of MC (CD), IC (BD), and HC (FD). The interconncetion of active equipment (PBX)(A) using equipment cable (3) with multiport RJ-21 connectors to the equipment patch panel in the ER. The MC (CD) cross-connection of the equipment patch panel (B) to the backbone cabling system (5) patch panel (B) by means of cross-connection (2 MC). In TR-A the first level backbone cable (5) patch panel (B) is ‘eross-connected (2 IC) to the 2nd level backbone cable (5) patch panel (B). In TR-B the backbone cable (5) patch panel (B) is eross-connected (2) to the horizontal cable (4) patch panel (B), DMM, 14th edition S14 ‘© 2020 BICS>Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Cross-Connect (HC [Floor Distributor (FD)]), continued Figure 5.9 Example of connection by means of double cross-connection ewe eaupment © Merconect equipment cos (sae gored acy pane/terminatonhardre @ Croseconect patch cord Me, fo HE) (Sale pare) connteaton paint (CP) @ Horsona ade Sassen ute @ memnncne ® ® © ‘Weeommuriestonsouteveonecer (70) G) wean equine ale (pa) ® © © Horas conecten pine HCP) Application-Specific Components Some applications or services require specific components (e.g., baluns intended for impedance matching, devices used for splitting 4-pair cabling into two or more separate physical ines), Application-specific devices shall not be used as part of the horizontal cabling system, and they shall be kept external to the telecommunications outlet/connector and HC (FD). Keeping such application-specific components external to the horizontal cabling system will facilitate the use of the cabling for generic network and service requirements. © 2020 Bicsr® 515 ‘TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Application-Specific Components, continued Transition Points UTC is fiat, low-profile cabling designed to be installed directly on the surface of a floor and covered with carpet or tiles. In some cases, UTC is implemented as a part of a zone distribution system where cabling runs are restricted to a limited area and serviced by one or more TPs (used to accommodate the transition from round [distribution] to flat (UTC) cable types) within or along the perimeter of the area served. Although some standards define UTC with TPs as elements of horizontal cabling, this technology is not recommended in telecommunications cabling because of a number of negative aspects related to performance. UTC may be used as a part of the horizontal distribution system when other distribution systems are not feasible. UTC, under limited circumstances, is deployed in the WA to provide connectivity of WA devices to the horizontal cabling. These UTC systems are composed cof two main components—the UTC cabling and the TP where the UTC cabling connects (transitions) to the horizontal cabling. TPs are located in permanent spots such as building columns, permanent walls, and flush floor boxes, UTC connecting hardware and cabling may not be compatible with high-performance balanced twisted-pair cabling, Bridged Taps A bridged tap is a method that was widely used in the past to divide one physical communications line into several cabling paths to support multiple analog subscriber devices. A bridge tap has little effect on pure analog transmissions, such as traditional voice services, but can adversely affect digital signals, including potential signal power loss, disruption, and corruption. Because of the significant risk of decreased performance, bridge taps are not allowed in any balanced twisted-pair cabling system (ISP and OSP). Ifa bridge tap is required to support an analog signal ina specific work area, then it should be by use of an adapter placed external to the permanent link work area connector (outlet). Splices In general, splicing is not permitted within the horizontal cabling system. The only permitted exception is with the use of optical fiber cabling when joining the optical fiber cabling to single-ended cords (ie., pigtails) to accomplish connection to connecting hardware in the HC (FD) and telecommunications outlet/connector. When used in this manner, there shall be no more than two splices in the individual horizontal cabling channel. An additional two splices would be allowed if pigtail splicing connectors are located at a CP. DMM, 14th edition 516 (© 2020 BICsI®‘Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Horizontal Cabling Media Allowed Media Types The following types of transmission media are allowed in the horizontal bling system: + Category Se, 6, 6A, 7, 7, and 8 four-pair 100-ohm balanced twisted-pair cables and corresponding connecting hardware + OM3, OMA, and OMS (50/125-jum) optical fiber multimode minimum 2-strand cables and corresponding connecting hardware + OSla and OS2 optical fiber singlemode minimum 2-strand cables and corresponding connecting hardware Details relating to the horizontal cabling system transmission media and connecting hardware can be found in Chapter 6: ICT Cables and Connecting Hardware. Distances Cabling segment lengths are defined based on the physical length of the cable jacket Within the permanent link, the maximum cable length shall be no more than =90 m (295 ft) regardless of the type of transmission media used. Within the channel, the total length of cabling shall not exceed ~100 m (328 fd). In addition, the total combined length of flexible cabling (e.g., equipment cords, patch cords) within the channel shall not exceed ~10 m (33 ft) except when longer work area equipment cords are permitted in conjunetion with a MUTOA. When utilizing balanced twisted-pair cabling, in addition to the requirements above, an individual balanced twisted-pair cord used within the channel but not within the permanent Tink shall be no longer than: m (16.5 ft) for 24 AWG cords. 196 m (13 fi) for 26 AWG cords (© 2020 Brest 517 ‘TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Allowed Media Types, continued Figure 5.10 provides the total length of cabling in the horizontal cabling system channel. This figure offers the overall channel length in an interconnection and cross-connection model with derating based on the conductor size of work area equipment cords (1), including equipment cords (I) and patch cords (2) used in the HC (FD), Figure 5.10 ‘Total cable length in the horizontal cabling system channel @® Aeive eaionent ater panatnermination hardware Telecomeruicaton uttconnetr (70) Consens pit (C8) ‘eevee (Toa) 20900 Honzont!eannacton pi (HC) @ cose comes pth eon (HCC oF HC (Single port) @ tarconnecteqioment cable mul porereut) trot eavie © secre cade TOMM, sath e: 518 (© 2020 BICSI®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Allowed Met dia Types, continued Cable Slack Providing cable slack is recommended to enable the possibility of future changes in the horizontal cabling system configuration: + Inthe TR — Balanced twisted-pair cabling —Sufficient to reach the farthest comer of the TR via the pathways plus the distance from floor to ceiling without exceeding the ~90 m (295 ft) limitation. ~ Optical fiber cabling—Sulficient to reach the farthest comer of the TR via the pathways plus the distance from floor to ceiling and an additional =3 m (10 ft) of slack for storage inside hardware without exceeding the =90 m (295 fi) limitation. + In the work area: ~ Balanced twisted-pair cabling—=0.3 m (1 ft) = Optical fiber cabling—=1 m (3.3 A) Cable slack shall be taken into consideration in the total length of the horizontal cabling system segments. (© 2020 Bresi™ 519 TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems ‘Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Work Areas and Open Office Cabling Overview ‘The work area includes those spaces in a building where occupants normally work and interact with their telecommunications equipment. While work areas have traditionally been fixed, discrete locations, open office cabling design practices have introduced flexible layouts to support collaborative work by small teams. Such spaces are often rearranged to meet changing requirements of group work. Many other open office work situations also require frequent reconfiguration. An interconnection in the horizontal cabling allows open office spaces to be reconfigured frequently without disturbing horizontal system cabling runs. Work area equipment that may require access to the horizontal cabling includes: + Telephones. + Networking equipment. + Fax machines. + Computers, + Network peripherals. + Any device plugged into a telecommunications outlet/connector that is located within the ‘work area, To accommodate equipment in the work area, the following components are typi needed: lly used as + Telecommunications outlet/connector. + Work area equipment cords. + MUTOAs and CPs. + WAPs, NOTE: The key elements of open office cabling are the MUTOA and CP. It is important to properly design the work area telecommunications cabling or wireless system to accommodate the needs of both the occupants and the equipment that occupants use, NOTE: See BICSI’s /nformation Technology Systems Installation Methods Manual for details relating to cabling installation. Telecommunications Outlet/Connector ‘The term telecommunications outlet/connector describes a connecting device (e.g,, balanced twisted-pair outlet, optical fiber connector/adapter) in the work area on which horizontal cabling terminates. This term should not be confused with the term telecommunications outlet box, which describes a housing used to hold telecommunications outlets/connectors. NOTE: A high density of telecommunications outlets/connectors will enhance the ability of the cabling system to accommodate changes. DMM, 14th edition 5-20 © 2020 BIcsISection 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Telecommunications Outlet/Connector, continued Figure 5.11 Balanced Twisted-Pair Telecommunications Outlet/Connector With few exceptions, balanced twisted-pair cabling standards require each 4-pair cable to be terminated to an 8P8C-type modular connector at the work area NOTE: For detailed information on balanced twisted-pair connectors, refer to Chapter 6: ICT Cables and Connecting Hardware, Most cabling standards simply specify the pairing of pins without actually assigning color designations. The two common pin pairings are TS68A and TS68B. The pin/pair assignments for these connectors are shown in Figure 5.11. ‘These assignments are compatible with all known telecommunications applications intended to operate over 100-ohm balanced twisted-pair cabling provided the same assignments are ‘maintained throughout the horizontal cabling run. Figure 5.11 shows two pin/pair assignment options from different standards, These illustrations depict the front view of the telecommunications outlet/connector. The colors shown are associated with the horizontal distribution cabling, Pin/pair assignments Pair 2 Pair 3 Pair 2 Pair 1 Pair 4 NIN IAN fe 2h ae ac) ae deze) asst 6 726 rT TT TTT) Jack Jack positions positions —_ TS68A seas, © 2020 eres 52a DMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: H izontal Cabling Systems Telecommunications Outlet/Connector, continued Optical Fiber Telecommunications Outlet/Connector ‘There are many optical fiber connector/adapter types that satisfy the mechanical and transmission performance specifications of cabling standards. The ICT distribution designer may consider any of these optical fiber connector/adapters. Three of the most common multimode and singlemode optical fiber connectors used are: +SC +ST +LC NOTE: For detailed information on optical fiber connectors, refer to Chapter 6: ICT Cables and Connecting Hardware. Telecommunications Outlet Box Location Considerations ‘The following guidelines for planning the location of telecommunications outlet assemblies in the work area should be considered: + Each work area shall have a minimum of one telecommunications outlet with a minimum of two recognized connectors per outlet. + For work areas in which it may be difficult to install future additional telecommunications outlets/connectors (e.g., in private offices), @ minimum of two telecommunications outlets should be provided and located for equipment access flexibility (e.g., on opposing walls). + The ICT distribution designer should coordinate with the customer’s representative and advise them on the importance of having the appropriate quantity of outlets located on the initial installation. When user’s equipment is not going to be placed adjacent to a wall, consideration should be given to using floor outlets or utility columns to avoid tripping hazards. + Work area telecommunications outlet box size requirements vary based on codes, standards, and best practices as follows: ~The outlet box should be @ minimum of ~100 mm (4 in) x =100 mm (4 in) x ~$7 mm (2.25). This will accommodate one ot two 27 mm (1 trade size) conduits. — Where a larger conduit is required, the box size should be increased accordingly. ‘A maximum 35 mm (1-1/4 trade size) conduit will require an 20 mm (4 11/16 in) =120 mm (4 11/16 in) x 64 mm (2.50 in) outlet box. Specialty boxes may be used in place of the above as appropriate. TOMM, 14th edition 522 ‘© 2020 Brcsi®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Telecommunications Outlet/Connector, continued + The ICT designer shall review the electrical and shop drawings for pathways and spaces to support the ICT infrastructure. + The ICT designer shall verify that all pathways are specified. Special attention should be given to the diameter of the cable specified. The cable diameter and the number of cables specified will determine the minimum size conduit required + Telecommunications outlet boxes may require supports for attaching the box and a suitable faceplate to support the telecommunications outlets/connectors that are housed by the work area telecommunications outlet box. + The work area telecommunications outlet box should be located near an electrical outlet (eg,, within =1 m [3.3 ft) and installed at the same height. + Floor-mounted telecommunications outlet boxes and monuments and the work area equipment cords extending from them can present a tripping hazard. The location of these floor-mounted telecommunications outlet boxes should be coordinated with furniture to minimize such hazards and should be removed when not in use. + Cabling system performance may be sensitive to the arrangement and organization of cable slack located behind the telecommunications outlet/connector. This general rule applies to all forms of media, Sufficient space shall be provided in the telecommunications outlet box of equivalent space so that minimum cable bend radius requirements are not exceeded. ‘The location, mounting, or strain relief of the telecommunications outlet/connector should allow pathway covers and trim to be removed without disturbing the cabling termination. Care should be exercised to ensure that telecommunications outlets/connectors are mounted in such a way that they do not significantly reduce the required pathway cabling capacity. Open office furniture openings provide for mounting faceplates containing one or more telecommunications outlets/connectors. Numerous sizes of openings are commonly available. A minimum clearance of 30.5 mm (1.2 in) should be provided. If openings are not available, then the telecommunications outlet/connector box should be secured to the kick plate with screws that are blunt or filed in the back to ensure they do not damage telecommunications cabling or electrical power wiring, © 2020 Brest 523 TDMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Telecommunications Outlet/Connector, continued ‘Typical dimensions for a furniture opening to support a telecommunications faceplate are shown in Figure 5.12. Figure 5.12 Typical dimensions for furniture opening for telecommunications faceplate Dimension Tolerance mm (in) mm (in) Length) 1 (0.04) H (height) 0.90 (0.035) T (thickness) | 1.4 (0.055) 0.64 (0.025) R (radius) | =4.1 (0.16) maximum - = € (clearance)| 30.5 (1.20) minimum = = DMM, 14th edition 528 © 2020 BIcsl™Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Work Area Equipment Cords Work area equipment cords, sometimes referred to as equipment cables or station cords, extend from the telecommunications outlet/connector or MUTOA to the work area telecommunications equipment. Although work area equipment cord cabling is critical to assuring good horizontal channel performance, these cords are often the weakest link in the channel, regardless of the media type. Work area equipment cord types may vary depending on the work area equipment attached to the cabling, Typically, work area equipment cords with identical connectors on both ends are used. When work area equipment specific adaptations are needed (e.g., installing a balun), they shall be external to the telecommunications outlet/connector or MUTOA. Ifthe work area equipment cord’s transmission performance is less than that of the horizontal cabling to which it connects, then the transmission performance of the entire channel will be reduced to that of the lesser performing work area component. Thus, work area equipment cord types that connect to the horizontal cabling shall meet or exceed the performance requirements of the horizontal cabling to which they connect. This requirement refers to the matching of category or classes of cables and cords with the understanding that cords constructed with stranded conductors of the same gauge as the cable conductors will have a higher attenuation value. Factory assembled, balanced twisted-pair and optical fiber work area equipment cords may help to reduce the performance risk sometimes associated with field assembled work area equipment cords relative to the horizontal cabling system performance. Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA) The MUTOA serves as a method of connecting more than one user (work area) to the horizontal cabling system. MUTOAS may be advantageous in open office spaces that are moved or reconfigured frequently. A MUTOA facilitates the termination of horizontal cabling system cables in a common location within a furniture cluster or similar open area. The use of MUTOAS allows the horizontal cabling to remain unchanged when the open office plan is changed. Work area equipment cords originating from the MUTOA should be routed through work area pathways (e.g., furniture pathways). The work area equipment cords shall be connected directly to work area equipment without any additional connections. © 2020 Bresi® 525 ‘TDMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems izontal Cabling Systems Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA), continued Figure 5.13 is an example of an open office work area design using a MUTOA. Multiple work areas are served by one or more MUTOA. Figure 5.13 Example of MUTOA application TR Work area Work area MUTOA == zp HC (FD) = Horizontal cross-connect (floor distributor) MUTOA = Multiuser telecommunications outlet assembly ‘TR = Telecommunications room DMM, 14th edition 5-26 ‘© 2020 Brcsr®‘Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA), continued Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA) Design Considerations Each open office furniture cluster should be served by at least one MUTOA. A single MUTOA should be limited to serving a maximum of 12 work areas (all part of one furniture cluster), taking into account the maximum work area equipment cord length requirements, ‘The larger the MUTOA capacity, the longer the work area equipment cords are likely to span. Spare capacity should be considered when sizing the MUTOA. The use of high-density patch panels may in some cases be used as a MUTOA. ‘The use of a MUTOA cabling design option allows work area equipment cords to extend beyond =5 m (16.5 ft), depending upon the length of the horizontal cable. NOTE: The total channel length is reduced as the horizontal cable is shortened because stranded conductor cables contribute more insertion loss (attenuation) than solid conductor cables. Do not use 24 AWG work area equipment cords with lengths that exceed 22 m (72 fi). Maximum lengths in Table 5.1 are based on stranded work area equipment cords exhibiting, Up to 20 percent higher insertion loss than solid horizontal cable. NOTE: Balanced twisted-pair work area equipment cords with stranded conductors of 26 AWG may exhibit attenuation up to 50 percent higher than the corresponding solid conductor horizontal cable. The maximum length of the open office work area equipment cords, based upon insertion loss considerations, shall be determined according to the following formula: 2 ( 2-H) W = 22m for 24 AWG cords, W < 17m for 26 AWG cords Where: Cis the maximum combined length (m) of the work area equipment cord, HC (FD) equipment cord, and HC (FD) patch cord. H_ isthe length (m) of the horizontal system cable. is an insertion loss derating factor: 20% (0.2) — for 24 AWG cords, 50% (0.5) ~ for 26 AWG cords. W is the maximum length (m) of the work area equipment cord. Tis the maximum total length (m) of HC (FD) equipment cords and optional HC (FD) patch cords in the TR: 5 m (16.5 ft) for 24 AWG cords, 3.96 m (13 fi) for 26 AWG cords. © 2020 Bresi™ 527 TDMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA), continued Table 5.1 contains the reference data calculated using the above formulas taking into account the requirements for maximum allowable length of HC (FD) equipment cords and HC (FD) patch cords in the TR. Maximum length of the balanced twisted-pair horizontal cabling system when using a MUTOA shall not be more than =90 m (295 ft) regardless of transmission media type. The total length of the balanced twisted-pair horizontal channel, including the permanent link, work area equipment cord, HC (FD) patch cords, and HC (FD) equipment cord in the horizontal cross-connect when using a MUTOA shall not be more than =100 m (328 ft). Table 5.1 Maximum allowable cable lengths with the use of multiuser telecommunications outlet assemblies 24 AWG 26 AWG Patch Cords Patch Cords Maximum Combined Maximum Maximum Combined Length of Maximum Length of Work Area —Lengthof-—-Length of Work Area Horizontal Length of Work Cords, Patch Cords, Work Area Cords, Patch Cords, System Cable Area Cord and Equipment Cords Cord and Equipment Cords m (=ft) m (=ft) m (=ft) m (fo) m (=ft) 90 (295) 5(165) 103) 413) 8 (26) 85 (279) 930) 14.46) 7(23) 1136) 80 (262) 13 43) 1869) 115) 15 (49) 75 (246) 1767) 22.(72) 14 (46) 18(59) 70 (230) 22.(72) 27 (89) 17 (56) 21 (70) NOTE: No reduction of optical fiber cabling equipment cords in the work area or equipment cords and patch cords at the horizontal cross-connect is required. MUTOAs shall be administered by the rules specified for connecting hardware found in Chapter 10: Telecommunications Administration, ince work area equipment cords connecting the MUTOA to the work area active equipment may be rather long (up to =22 m [72 ft), they should be labeled on both ends with a unique cable identifier. The end of the work area equipment cord at the MUTOA should be labeled with the work area identifier it serves, and the end at the work area active equipment should be labeled with the MUTOA and its position identifier. TDMM, 14th edition 5-28 (© 2020 BrCsT®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assembly (MUTOA), continued Locating Multiuser Telecommunications Outlet Assemblies (MUTOAs) MUTOA shall be located in fully accessible, permanent locations (eg, building columns, permanent walls). Do not install MUTOAS in ceiling spaces, under access flooring, or in any obstructed areas. MUTOAS shall not be installed in furniture unless that furniture is permanently secured to the building structure. For balanced twisted-pair cabling, MUTOAS should be located at least ~15 m (49 fi) from the HC (FD) to minimize the effects of multiple connections in close proximity on near-end crosstalk loss and return loss When using MUTOAS in areas with WAPs, give special attention to the installation of the cabling to access points directly from the TR/TE, not from the MUTOA located in the area, MUTOAs are only intended to service devices in furniture clusters. ‘The work area side of the MUTOA should be marked with the maximum allowable work area equipment cord length. See Chapter 10: Telecommunications Administration for additional details about labeling and record keeping, Consolidation Point (CP) ‘The CP is an interconnection point within the horizontal cabling system. Like the MUTOA, a CP may be used for balanced twisted-pair cabling or optical fiber cabling, ‘The functional difference between the CP and the MUTOA in the open office environment is that the CP introduces an additional connection for each horizontal cabling run. ACP may be useful when reconfiguration is frequent, but not so frequent as to require the flexibility of the MUTOA. ‘The CP provides a convenient method for rearrangement of horizontal cabling that may be employed in furniture system layouts. CPs can also be used to serve private office arrangements, especially when zone cabling is employed. See Figure 5.14 for an example of CPs being used in a combined furniture system and private office work area environment. ACP allows standard horizontal cables to be extended into work area pathways and terminated on telecommunications outlets/connectors that are dedicated to each individual user. However, the use of a CP does not extend the length of horizontal cabling farther than =90 m (295 ft) from the cable termination at the HC (FD) to the cabling termination at the telecommunications outlet/connector or MUTOA. © 2020 Brcsi* 529 ‘TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Consolidation Point (CP), continued Figure 5.14 CPs used in a combined furniture system and private office work area environment - work area 2 He (FD) work area 3 Q 3 — ——— Work area 4 CP = Consolidation point HC (FD) = Horizontal cross-connect (Noor distributor) ‘TO = Telecommunications outlet/connector ‘TR= Telecommunications room n Considerations CP implementation is a variation of horizontal cabling. Therefore, a good first step in the design of the CP is to review the rules and guidelines provided in this chapter before proceeding further. Some cabling systems manufacturers and certain categories of cabling ‘may not recommend the use of CPs. Always check with the cabling system manufacturer to validate all product warranties and design or installation recommendations. When used, each open office furniture cluster should be served by at least one CP. It is recommended that the CP should be limited to serving a maximum of 12 work areas. Spare capacity should be considered when sizing the CP. ‘The CP can be located in the following spaces, if permitted by codes, standards, and regulations: + Suspended ceilings, + Access floors + Modular office furniture + Work area TOMM, 14th edition 5-30 (© 2020 BICsi®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Consolidation Point (CP), continued Some additional considerations and guidelines that apply specifically to the CP include: * CPs shall not be used for direct connection to active equipment. Cross-connections shall not be used at a CP, No more than one CP shall be used within the same horizontal system cabling run + For balanced twisted-pair cabling, the CP should be located at least ~15 m (49 ft) from the HC (FD). + CPs shall be located in fully accessible and permanent locations. CPs shall not be located in an obstructed area. + The CP shall be sized and cabled so that it meets the telecommunications requirements of the zone it serves. Ifthe floor space requirements change for an existing CP, then the CP should be reconfigured to accommodate the new requirements, + Regardless of where they are installed, CPs shall be administered in the same manner as, telecommunications cabling (cable and connecting hardware), pathways, and spaces as described in applicable cabling administration standards. NOTE: Refer to Chapter 10: Telecommunications Administration for addi information, + When installed in modular furniture systems, that unit of furniture shall be permanently secured to the building structure to avoid potential damage to the cabling. + When installed in plenum spaces used for environmental air, conformance to applicable building codes shall be met + When installed in suspended ceiling spaces or access floor spaces, those spaces shall be fully accessible without moving building fixtures, equipment, or heavy furniture or disturbing building occupants. Heavy furniture includes objects (e.g. file cabinets) weighing =45.4 kg (100 Ib) or more. + The CP shall be fully accessible when placed above the suspended ceiling or beneath the access floor. + When installed in a suspended ceiling or access floor space, the ceiling or floor tile locations should be clearly and permanently marked and identified as containing a CP. When ceilings or access floors are replaced, ensure that the CP locations are identified and marked again when the new ceiling or access floor is in place. + When in non-plenum interstitial space, protect connecting hardware from physical abuse and foreign substances with an enclosure that satisfies the requirements of the AHJ. + When the CP is located in an air-handling space (e.g., plenum ceiling, access floor), the complete CP assembly (e.g., enclosure with connecting hardware) shall meet the requirements of the AHJ. Follow manufacturers’ instructions for installation to ensure ‘compliance to heat and smoke test conditions. + The use of CPs in ceiling or access floor spaces shall conform to the AHI for other spaces used for environmental air. Telecommunications outlets/connectors or MUTOAs shall not WARNING: Do not place active telecommunications equipment directly within the ceiling or access floor space. © 2020 srcsi® 53a ‘TOMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Consolidation Point (CP), continued Advantages and Disadvantages of the Consolidation Point (CP) Advantages of the CP are that they: + May be usefull when open office furniture reconfiguration is frequent. CPs provide additional cabling system design flexibility for ICT distribution designers. + Can potentially decrease work area cabling installation time and the additional expense of materials when rearranging open office furniture and associated cabling, Disadvantages of the CP are that they: + Generally increase the original installation time and expense of additional materials + Add additional labeling requirements. + May contribute to the complexity of testing and troubleshooting of the installed horizontal cabling, + May degrade the transmission characteristics (i, insertion loss, crosstalk, return loss) of the cabling channel. Locating Consolidation Points (CPs) While CPs may be deployed in all manner of layouts, the following options are common CP layouts: + CPs located on all columns (see Figure 5.15) + CPs located in a space between the columns (see Figure 5.16) + CPs located in checkerboard order (se: + CPs located on columns close to the building core (see Figure 5.18) igure 5.17) ‘Table 5.2 provides a comparison of common layouts because each layout, although similar, has differences that may affect the overall usability of the horizontal cabling. Table 5.2 Comparison of CP locations Consolidation Work Area Expansion of Deployment Point Location Equipment Cord Lengths Consolidation Point_ Flexibility Cost On all columns Tend to be shortest Changes easily Highest Highest relative accommodated to other configurations Between columns, Tend to be shorter Changes easily High Higher relative accommodated to other configurations Checkerboard ‘Tend to be longer ‘Changes easily Low Lower relative accommodated to other configurations Close to Longest Does not Lowest Lowest relative building core accommodate to other changes easily configurations TDMM, 14th edition 532 (© 2020 BICSI®‘Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Consolidation Point (CP), continued Figure 5.15 CPs located on all columns o Ae ko cB A? Ae Ae co Bl co ce cp (cP = Consolidation point © 2020 eres DMM, 14th editionChapter 5: Horizontal Di Consolidation Point (CP), continued Figure 5.16 CPs located In a space between the columns ‘Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems AS Ae A? Ae Ae A? Ae Ae TOMM, 14th edition 534 (© 2020 BIcsi>Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Consolidation Point (CP), continued ° oBl ° CP = Consolidation point © 2020 Bicsi™ 535 TOMM, 14th ediChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Consolidation Point (CP), continued Figure 5.18 Ps located on columns close to the building core or Ae cP CP = Consolidation point Wireless LAN (WLAN) Access Point (AP) AWLAN AP is a network device located in areas of a building or campus and placed in relatively close proximity to where users interact with their wireless enabled network devices APs allow wireless enabled devices (e.g., computer, printer) to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi or related standards. AP network devices are typically mounted on walls or ceilings with structured cabling that provides a physical connection to an HC (FD). NOTE: For more information, see Chapter 16: Wireless Networks. TDMM, 44th edition 536 ‘© 2020 Brcsi®Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems imultaneous Data and Power Transmission within Overview PoE and other practices (e.g., HDBaseT) allow the transmission of de power and data simultaneously over balanced-twisted pair and other forms of communication cabling. The HDBaseT Alliance created a Power over HDBaseT (Pott) standard that delivers a maximum of 95 W over four pairs. HDBaseT 1.0 and HDBaseT 2.0 have the same power specifications. NOTE: When hybrid copper/optical fiber cabling is used to support data and power transmission, only the data signal is transmitted over the optical fiber strands. Power is supplied through integrated conductors within the cabling sheath, Although there are several variations of PoE, each successive type, while incr maximum power, is backwards compatible, HDBaseT currently has two levels of specification with identical power profiles. PoE and HDBaseT currents are summarized in Table 5.3. Table 5.3 PoE and HOBaseT current specifications ‘Transmission Power at Source Maximum Current per Maximum Current Method ow) Conductor (mA) per Pair (mA) PoE Type | 15.40 175 350 PoE Type 2 30 300 600 PoE Type 3 60 300 600 PoE Type 4 100 500 960 POH 100 500 1000 PoE = Power over Ethernet oH = Power over HOBaseT Cabling Requirements Cabling designs that support data and power transmission shall conform to the requirements, of regulations, local and national codes (e.g., NFPA 70, CSA C22.1) and the AHJ, both for the premises and the application being served. Additionally, for existing installations that meet the conditions for the use of non-recognized cabling, any non-recognized cabling to be installed shall have conductors with a minimum size of 0.205 mm? (24 AWG). The operating temperature of cabling should not exceed 60 °C (140 °F), regardless of the cable jacket rating. © 2020 Bresi* 537 ‘TDMM, 14th editSection 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Recommendations Equipment cords and coverage area cables used for data and power transmission should have conductors with a minimum size of 0.205 mm? (24 AWG). PoE Type 3, PoE Type 4, HDBaseT, and other data and power methods capable of supporting a minimum of SGBase-T transmission should use cabling containing solid conductors. For new installations, consider specifying cabling with 0.326 mm? (22 AWG) conductors ift + The specific building system (e.g., audio systems, video displays) is expected to require power exceeding 60 W during the life cycle of the building + Future flexibility is desired in the types of systems that could be supported. NOTE: General trends within intelligent building systems include the continued integration ‘of multiple functions within one device (e.g., LED luminaire with integrated ‘environment sensors, IP audio speaker, and WAP) and these new devices increase power and data bandwidth requirements. Higher category-rated cable typically means larger conductor sizes, and as power currents increase, these larger conductors have lower resistance and less heating than smaller cable conductors. TIA testing, in Figure 5.19, compares the temperature rise in 100 cable bundles of category Se, 6, 6A, and 8 as the power increases over all four pairs. The higher-category cabling is able to support more current capacity at a maximum allowable 15 degree temperature increase (Figure 5.19). It becomes clear that higher category cabling minimizes temperature increases while supporting higher PoE class PDs, ‘Temperature versus wattage for category cable types 14 2 w= Category Se = Category 6 = Category 64 10 smCategory 8 Temperature rise, degree C 0 1 2 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 “Total wattage per cable DMM, 14th edition 338 (© 2020 BrCSI®Section lorizontal Cabling Systems Chapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Recommendations, continued The designer should consider specifying cable with a listing temperature of 75 °C (167 °F) or reducing the number of cables in a bundle for cables passing through locations with elevated ambient operating temperatures to avoid exceeding listed cable limits. Cable heating because of PoE power deployment can cause cable jacket and insulation materials to become brittle resulting in cable jacket cracking and insulation falling off the cable. In addition, flame retardant properties may be reduced as components within the insulation degrade from heat ‘The temperature rise in cable bundles from PoE power delivery also has the potential to cause higher bit errors because insertion loss is directly proportionate to temperature (see Figure 5.20). Channel length may need to be reduced as a result of insertion loss caused by cable heating or elevated ambient temperature. Figure 5.20 Insertion loss versus temperature for category cable types Cat Se UTP limit Cat Se Shielded limit ® cat Se UTP (24 AWG) ‘© Cat 6 UTP (23 aWwG) 2 Cot 6A UTP (23 AWG) —e- Cat 6A F/UTP (23 AWG) Insertion loss (4B) at 100 MHz 2 Cat 7A S/FTP (22 AWG) 16 a er ee ye coer Temperature (°C) fyure. S/FTE UTP Foll covered unshielded twisted-pair evered fol twisted-pair shielded twisted-palr Where possible, itis helpful to plan the rack layout for non-powered and powered cables to bbe mixed in the same bundle to limit cable heating © 2020 eres 539) TDMM, 14th edChapter 5: Horizontal Distribution Systems Section 1: Horizontal Cabling Systems Recommendations, continued Pathways that allow airflow around cables minimize heating effects. For example, wire mesh cable tray and cable runway will improve heat dissipation and allow for loosely laid cables instead of tight bundles. Fully enclosed pathways (e.g., conduit) contribute to heat rise When selecting balanced twisted pair cabling, shielded cables often exhibit less heat build-up than comparable unshielded cables, Consider specifying cabling with st the design. Application examples: + BAS/BMS and facility controls are low power/low data, so conductor size is not critical to the PoE implementations. Cable jacket temperature rating of 75 °C (167 °F) and shielding should be given consideration, based on environment. ler requirements based on the anticipated application in + Audiovisual systems using high power/high data require consideration of both balanced twisted-pair cable performance and 23 AWG min/22 AWG conductors. Shielded category 6A/class E, cable is the minimum recommended. However, category T/elass F and category 8/class I typically have 22 AWG conductors and should be considered. The designer should also consider using a 75 °C (167 °F) jacket. + Cameras are typically high data/low- to mid-power requiring minimum balanced twisted pair cable performance and the consideration could be category 6, which comes standard with 23 AWG, + Lighting is low data/high power; therefore, 23 AWG min/22 AWG conductors may be recommended. + For current WLAN systems, a minimum of category 6A/class E, is sufficient. With the introduction of 802.1 lay/Wi-Fi systems, the provisionary of the two category 6A cable for WLAN data considerations should provide sufficient power capacity. Small Diameter Cables 28 AWG cable shall not be used as horizontal or backbone cable. Iti a best practice for equipment cords and coverage area cables used for PoE data and power transmission to have conductors with a minimum size of 0.205 mm® (24 AWG). Patch cords smaller in diameter than 28 AWG shall not be used to support the delivery of power. Some users may choose 28 AWG only as patch cabling to connect an endpoint device. 1f 28 AWG cords are selected: + Use small bundle sizes. For PSEs sending more than 30 W of PoE, bundle 28 AWG patch cords in bundles of 12 or less. Small bundles diminish the impacts of cable temperature rise, Ifpower isn’t being distributed, then there are no limitations to 28 AWG bundle sizes. + Maintain separation distance, For power delivery above 30 W to further support airflow, separate cable bundles a minimum of =38 mm (1.5 in) apart from the outer edge of a bundle to the outer edge of the next bundle, + Avoid conduit/enclosures and overfilling. Patch cords shall not be placed in conduit or other enclosures where heat build-up could occur. Cable management should not be overfilled or heat dissipation could be reduce. TOMM, 14th e¢ ion 5-40 (© 2020 BICsT>