3/5/22, 12:02 PM Contamination and Cross-contamination in Manufacturing » Pharmaguddu

Naresh Bhakar 5 months ago

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Contamination and Cross-contamination in

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Contamination of a starting material or if a product by other materials or Product must be

avoided the risk of accidental contamination arises from the uncontrolled release of the dust,
gases, particle vapor, spray or organism from the materials, Product in the process, from the
residue on the equipment or operator cloth and skin. The significance of the risk varies with the
type of contaminants and the Product being contaminated.

In this article, we will learn about contaminants its types, contamination, and cross-contamination
in pharmaceutical manufacturing sites. Let’s begins with the definition, types of contaminants,
contamination, and cross-contamination.

Contaminants: Contaminants are any impurity, Product, or substance other than product
manufacturing. Foreign products, Particulate matter, Microorganisms, Endotoxin (degrade
microorganisms), Cross-contamination is a case of contamination.

The Peoples generated contaminant:

▾

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1. Our outer skin is completely shed every 24 hours.

2. Particles of 0.3micron and greater are liberated at a rate varying between 100000 to 10
million per minute.
3. A person walking will liberate thousands of bacteria per minute, and a single sneeze can be
produced up to 1 million bacterias.
4. The manufacturing process itself can generate, for example, paint off from equipment, dust
from belt drives, etc.

Contamination: “The undesired introduction of the chemicals or a microbial nature, or of foreign

matter into or on to a starting material or intermediate, during production, sampling, packaging or
repackaging, storage, and transport.”

Types of contamination:
Chemical contamination (leftover residue of the previous process)
Microbiological contamination ( microbiological flora)
Particulate contamination ( particles like dust, fibers, oil, or grease from the pieces of
equipment. others like haires, skin fragments.)

Cross-contamination is the contamination of the starting, intermediate products, or finished

products with other starting materials or products during production.

From where does cross-contamination generate?

1. It may be due to poor design and operated air handling systems and dust extraction
systems. ▾
2. Inadequate procedure for personnel and equipment

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3. Not proper cleaning of equipment.

How to minimize cross-contamination?

Use of closed production systems

By applying a validated cleaning procedure
By maintaining a level of product manufacture
Adequate premises
By installing of correct air pressure cascade

How to control dust in pharmaceuticals: Dust control is very necessary to control

contamination and cross-contamination in pharmaceuticals. Whenever possible, the dust or
vapor contamination should be removed at the source.

Dust extraction duct should be designed with sufficient transfer velocity to ensure dust is carried
away. Airflow direction should be carefully chosen that the operator does not contaminate the
Product. Use of well-validated HEPA filters in series to provide additional protection. A
sophisticated computer-based data monitoring system may be installed.

Conclusion:

The system or equipment shall be validated to prevent the Product from contamination and
cross-contamination. Cleaning validation of equipment and area with a well-defined procedure
shall be maintained. Using the cleaning validation approach, we can easily identify any
discrepancy or loops in a system.

Pharmaceuticals are required to the validated cleaning procedure, AHU system, air cascade, ▾

and personnel movements to ensure the production of good quality products throughout its life

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cycle. Failure to prevent contamination and cross-contamination can lead to a loss in customer
faith or satisfaction from the investors, loss of market values, loss in money, and direct
consequences from regulatory bodies.

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