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3 jenis simptom
Structuralsymptoms
Jaringan parut, fraktur
Functional symptoms
Hypertonic muscle, dispne, palpitasi
Segmental symptoms
Referred pain, hiperalgesi, trigger point
Dermatom
Miotom
Sklerotom
Viserotom
Muscle stretching
Stimulated muscle spindle, golgi tendon organs,
large fibres
Manual acupuncture
Mild & gentle twisting : large fibres
Injections
Anestesi lokal
low concentration : small fibres
High concentration : small+ large fibres
normal saline
muscle spindle, large fibres
Electical stimulation
low intensity, high frequency : large fibres
high intensity, low frequebcy : small fibres
Segmental symptoms
Pain& hyperalgesia
Local, reffered pain
Hypertonic muscles
Autonomic symptom
Vasomotor, sudomotor, pilomotor
Causes of segmental
Head and neck
Trigeminal
Cervical C1-4
Somatic and visceral C8 – T4
Phrenic C3 -5
Visceral
Sympathetic C8 - L2
Phrenic C3 - C5
Pelvic S2 – S4
Vagus C1 - C2
Secondary related
lateral horn (lateral collum)
Viscious circle
Segmental diagnosis
Pain& hyperalgesia
Local, reffered pain
Hypertonic muscles
Autonomic symptom
Segmental therapy
Superficial/deep
Dry/wet
Choice of point
Local and distal
Mekanisme Akupunktur Segmental